Here is a true story of one of our contemporary. He is 35. He is quite a successful businessman. He has a beautiful and modest wife and a little daughter, a large apartment in Moscow, a dacha, two cars, a lot of friends… He has what a lot of people aspire to and dream about. But none of this pleases him. He forgot what joy is. Every day he is oppressed by longing, from which he tries to hide in business, but to no avail. He considers himself an unhappy person, but cannot say why. There is money. Health, youth - is. But there is no happiness.

He tries to fight, to find a way out. She regularly visits a psychologist, several times a year she goes to special seminars. After them, for a short time, he feels relief, but then everything returns to normal. He says to his wife: “Let this not make me feel better, but at least they understand me there.” He tells friends and family that he suffers from depression.

There is one special circumstance in his position, which we will discuss a little later. And now we have to admit that, unfortunately, this is not an isolated example. There are many such people. Of course, not all of them are in such an outwardly advantageous position, so they often say: I feel sad because I don’t have enough money, or I don’t have my own apartment, or the job is not right, or the wife is grumpy, or the husband is a drunkard, or the car broke down, or no health and so on and so forth. It seems to them that if they change and improve something a little, then the melancholy will pass. They spend a lot of energy on achieving what, as it seems to them, they just lack, but they hardly manage to achieve what they want, when again, after a brief joy, melancholy piles up. You can sort through apartments, places of work, women, cars, friends, hobbies, but nothing can once and for all quench this all-devouring hopeless sorrow. And the more wealthy a person is, the more it torments him, as a rule.

Psychologists define this condition as depression. They describe it as a mental disorder, usually arising after negative events in a person's life, but often developing without any apparent reason. Depression is currently the most common mental illness.

The main symptoms of depression are: depressed mood, independent of circumstances; loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities; fatigue, "loss of strength."

Additional symptoms: pessimism, worthlessness, anxiety and fear, inability to concentrate and make decisions, thoughts of death and suicide; unstable appetite, disturbed sleep - insomnia or oversleeping.

In order to be diagnosed with depression, it is enough to have two main and two additional symptoms.

If a person has found these symptoms in himself, what should he do? Many go to psychologists. And what do they get? Firstly, self-digging conversations, and secondly, antidepressant pills, of which there are a great many. Psychologists say that depression in most cases is successfully treated. But at the same time, it is recognized that this is the most common mental illness. Here you can see a contradiction: after all, if the disease is successfully treated, then why does it not disappear, and the number of patients even increases over time? For example, smallpox has been successfully eradicated, and for a long time there are no people who would get sick with it. And with depression, the picture is just the opposite. Why?

Is it not because only the manifestations of the disease are cured, and its true foundations are still preserved in the souls of people, like the roots of weeds that again and again release harmful shoots?

Psychology is a young science. It received official registration only 130 years ago, when in 1879 W. Wundtot opened the first experimental psychology laboratory in Leipzig.

Orthodoxy is 2000 years old. And it has its own view of the phenomenon that psychology calls "depression." And it would not be superfluous to get acquainted with this view for those who are really interested in the possibility of successfully getting rid of depression.

In Orthodoxy, the word "despondency" is used to denote this state of mind. This is a painful state in which a dreary mood penetrates the soul, which becomes constant over time, a feeling of loneliness comes, abandoned by relatives, loved ones, by all people in general and even by God. There are two main types of despondency: despondency with a complete depression of the spirit, without a feeling of any bitterness, and despondency with an admixture of feelings of anger, irritability.

This is how the ancient holy fathers of the Church speak of despondency.

“Despondency is the relaxation of the soul and the exhaustion of the mind, the slanderer of God - as if He is merciless and inhuman” (St. John of the Ladder).

“Despondency is a severe torment of the soul, unspeakable torment and punishment more bitter than any punishment and torment” (St. John Chrysostom).

This condition is also found among believers, and among non-believers it is even more common. Elder Paisius Svyatogorets said about them: “A person who does not believe in God and in the future life exposes his immortal soul to eternal condemnation and lives without consolation in this life. Nothing can console him. He is afraid of losing his life, suffers, goes to psychiatrists who give him pills and advise him to have fun. He takes pills, goes crazy, and then goes back and forth to see the sights and forget the pain.”

And here is how Saint Innocent of Kherson wrote about this: “Do sinners suffer from despondency, who do not rejoice in the salvation of their souls? Yes, and most often, although, apparently, their life consists mostly of fun and comfort. Even in all fairness, one can say that inner discontent and secret anguish are a constant share of sinners. For conscience, no matter how much it is muffled, is like a worm that wears away the heart. An involuntary, deep foreboding of the future judgment and retribution also disturbs the sinful soul and grieves for it the insane pleasures of sensuality. The most inveterate sinner at times feels that inside him is emptiness, darkness, ulcer and death. Hence the uncontrollable inclination of unbelievers to unceasing amusements, to forget themselves and be beside themselves.

What to say to unbelievers about their despondency? It is good for them; for it serves as an invocation and an inducement to repentance. And let them not think that any means has been found for them to free themselves from this spirit of despondency, until they turn to the path of righteousness and correct themselves and their manners. Vain pleasures and earthly joys will never fill the emptiness of the heart: our soul is more spacious than the whole world. On the contrary, with the passage of time, carnal joys will lose their power to entertain and charm the soul and turn into a source of spiritual heaviness and boredom.

Someone may object: is every sad state really despondency? No, not everyone. Sadness and grief, if they are not rooted in a person, are not a disease. They are inevitable on the difficult earthly path, as the Lord warned: “In the world you will have sorrow; but be of good cheer: I have overcome the world” (John 16:33).

St. John Cassian teaches that “only in one case should sorrow be considered useful for us, when it arises from repentance for sins, or from the desire for perfection, or from the contemplation of future blessedness. The holy apostle says about her: “Sorrow for the sake of God produces unchanging repentance unto salvation; but worldly sorrow produces death” (2 Cor. 7:10). But this sadness, which produces repentance for salvation, is obedient, affable, humble, meek, pleasant, patient, as it comes from love for God, and in a certain way cheerful, encouraging with the hope of its perfection. And demonic sadness can be very severe, impatient, cruel, combined with fruitless sadness and painful despair. Weakening the one subjected to it, it distracts from zeal and saving sorrow, as reckless ... So, in addition to the above-mentioned good sorrow, which comes from saving repentance, or from zeal for perfection, or from the desire for future blessings, any sorrow, as worldly and causing death, must be rejected, banished from our hearts.”

The first consequence of despondency

As St. Tikhon of Zadonsk rightly notes, from a practical point of view, this “worldly sorrow is useless, for it cannot return or give a person anything of what he grieves for.”

But on the spiritual side, it also carries great harm. “Avoid despondency, for it destroys all the fruits of asceticism,” said St. Isaiah the Hermit about this.

The Monk Isaiah wrote for monks, that is, for those who already know the basic principles of spiritual life, in particular, that the patient endure of sorrows and self-restraint for the sake of God brings rich fruit in the form of cleansing the heart from sinful dirt.

How can despondency deprive a person of this fruit?

You can take a comparison from the world of sports. Any athlete is forced to endure hard work during training. And in wrestling sports, you still have to experience real blows. And outside of training, the athlete seriously limits himself in food.

So he can't eat what he wants, can't go where he wants, and has to do things that exhaust him and cause real pain. However, with all this, if the athlete does not lose the goal for which he endures all this, then his perseverance is rewarded: the body becomes stronger and more resilient, patience hardens him and makes him stronger, more skillful, and as a result he achieves his goal.

This happens to the body, but the same thing happens to the soul when it endures suffering or limitations for the sake of God.

An athlete who has lost his goal, has ceased to believe that he can achieve a result, becomes discouraged, training becomes a senseless torture for him, and even if you force him to continue, he will no longer become a champion, which means he will lose the fruit of all his labors who voluntarily or involuntarily suffered.

It can be assumed that a similar thing happens with the soul of a person who has fallen into despondency, and this will be true, since despondency is a consequence of the loss of faith, lack of faith. But this is only one side of the matter.

The other is that despondency often causes and is accompanied by murmuring. Murmuring manifests itself in the fact that a person shifts all responsibility for his sufferings to others, and ultimately to God, considers himself to be suffering innocently and complains all the time and scolds those who, in his opinion, are to blame for his sufferings - and the “guilty” becomes more and more as a person sinks deeper and deeper into the sin of grumbling and becomes embittered.

This is the gravest sin and the greatest stupidity.

The essence of murmuring can be represented by a simple example. Here a person approaches the outlet, reads the inscription above it: “Do not stick your fingers - you will be shocked,” then sticks your fingers into the outlet - a blow! - he flies off to the opposite wall and starts yelling: “Oh, what a bad God! Why did He let me get electrocuted?! For what?! What is this to me?! Oh, this God is to blame for everything!”

A person, of course, can start with swearing at the electrician, the socket, the one who discovered electricity, and so on, but he will certainly end up blaming God. This is the essence of murmuring. This is a sin against God. And the one who grumbles about the circumstances means by this that the One who sent these circumstances is to blame, although he could have made them different. Therefore, among those who grumble there are so many “offended by God”, and vice versa, “offended by God” constantly grumble.

But, one wonders, what are you, did God force his fingers to stick into the socket?

Spiritual and psychological infantilism is manifested in grumbling: a person refuses to accept responsibility for his actions, refuses to see that what is happening to him is a natural consequence of his actions, his choice, his whim. And instead of admitting the obvious, he begins to look for someone to blame, and the last one, of course, is the Most Patient.

And it is precisely from this sin that the vegetation of mankind began. How was it? The Lord said: eat from any tree, but do not eat from this one. Just one commandment, and what a simple one. But the man went and ate. God asked him: “Adam, why did you eat?” The Holy Fathers say that if at that moment our progenitor had said: “I have sinned, Lord, forgive me, I am guilty, it will not happen again,” then there would be no exile and the whole history of mankind would be different. But instead, Adam says, “What about me? I'm nothing, it's all the wife you gave me…” Here it is! That's who was the first to shift the responsibility for their own actions to God!

Adam and Eve were expelled from paradise not for sin, but for their unwillingness to repent, which manifested itself in grumbling - against their neighbor and against God.

This is a great danger to the soul.

As St. Theophan the Recluse says, “shaken health can also shake salvation, when murmuring speeches are heard from the lips of a sick person.” Likewise, the poor, if they become indignant and grumble because of poverty, they will not receive forgiveness.

After all, grumbling does not relieve trouble, but only makes it heavier, and humble obedience to the determinations of God's Providence and complacency take away the burden from troubles. Therefore, if a person, having encountered difficulties, does not grumble, but praises God, then the devil bursts with anger and goes to another - to the one who grumbles in order to cause him even greater trouble. After all, the more a person grumbles, the more he destroys himself.

The Monk John of the Ladder testifies to the exact effect of these destructions, who made such a spiritual portrait of a murmurer: in such a person there is not even a good disposition, because he is lazy, and laziness is inseparable from murmuring. He is resourceful and multi-inventive; and no one will surpass him in verbosity; he is always slandering one against the other. A murmurer in charitable affairs is gloomy, incapable of receiving strangers, hypocritical in love.

It will not be superfluous to give one example here. This story happened in the early 40s of the XIX century in one of the southern provinces of Russia.

One widow, a woman from the upper class, with two young daughters endured great need and grief, began to grumble first at people, and then at God. In this mood, she fell ill and died. After the death of their mother, the situation of the two orphans became even more difficult. The eldest of them also could not resist grumbling and also fell ill and died. The younger sister grieved excessively both for the death of her mother and sister, and for her extremely helpless situation. Finally, she became seriously ill. And this girl saw in a spiritual vision heavenly villages full of indescribable beauty and joy. Then she was shown terrible places of torment, and here she saw her sister and mother, and then she heard a voice: “I sent them sorrows in their earthly life to save them; if they endured everything with patience, humility and thanksgiving, they would be worthy of eternal consolation in the blessed villages you saw. But with their murmuring they ruined everything, and now they are suffering for this. If you want to be with them, go and grumble.” After that, the girl came to her senses and told about the vision to those present.

Here it is the same as in the example with the athlete: whoever sees the goal ahead, believes that it is achievable, and hopes that he personally will be able to achieve it, he can endure hardships, restrictions, labors and pain. For a Christian who endures all those sorrows that an unbeliever or a person of little faith puts forward as reasons for despondency, the goal is higher and more holy than that of any athlete.

It is known how great the saints are. Their deeds are recognized and respected even by many unbelievers. There are different ranks of holiness, but among them the highest is the martyrs, that is, those who accepted death for the confession of Christ. The next rank after them is confessors. These are those who suffered for Christ, endured torture, but remained faithful to God. Of the confessors, many were thrown into prison, like St. Theophan the Confessor; others cut off their hand and tongue, like Saint Maximus the Confessor, or gouged out their eyes, like Saint Paphnutius the Confessor; others were subjected to torture, like St. Theodore the Described... And they endured all this for the sake of Christ. Great deal!

Many will say that they, ordinary people, are unlikely to be able to do this. But in Orthodoxy there is one important principle that allows every person to become a saint and numbered among the confessors: if someone glorifies and thanks God in misfortune, he bears the feat of a confessor. Here is how the elder Paisios Svyatogorets says about it:

“Let's imagine that I was born crippled, without arms, without legs. Completely relaxed and unable to move. If I accept this with joy and praise, God will number me among the confessors. So little needs to be done for God to number me among the confessors! When I myself crash into a rock in my car and accept what happened with joy, God will number me among the confessors. Well, what more could I want? Even the result of my own inattention, if I gladly accept it, God will acknowledge it.”

But such a great opportunity and goal is deprived of himself by a person who has fallen into despondency; it closes his spiritual eyes and plunges him into grumbling, which cannot help a person in any way, and brings a lot of harm.

The Second Consequence of Despondency

This is the first consequence of despondency—murmuring. And if anything could be worse and more dangerous, then this is the second consequence, because of which the Monk Seraphim of Sarov said: “There is no worse sin, and nothing is worse and more pernicious than the spirit of despondency.”

“Despondency and unceasing anxiety can crush the strength of the soul and bring it to extreme exhaustion,” testifies St. John Chrysostom.

This extreme exhaustion of the soul is called despair, and this is the second consequence of despondency, unless a person copes with this sin in time.

Here is how the holy fathers speak of this stage:

“Despair is called the gravest sin of all the sins in the world, for this sin denies the omnipotence of our Lord Jesus Christ, rejects the salvation He has given - it shows that arrogance previously dominated in this soul and that faith and humility were alien to it” (St. Ignatius (Bryanchaninov )).

“Satan maliciously tries to grieve many in order to cast them into hell with despair” (St. Ephraim the Syrian). “The spirit of despair brings the most severe torment. Despair is the most perfect joy of the devil” (St. Mark the Ascetic).

“Sin destroys not so much as despair” (St. John Chrysostom). “To sin is a human thing, but to despair is satanic and destructive; and the devil himself was cast down in despair into perdition, for he did not want to repent” (St. Nilus of Sinai).

“The devil plunges us into thoughts of despair for this, in order to destroy the hope in God, this safe anchor, this support of our life, this guide on the path to Heaven, this is the salvation of perishing souls ... The evil one does everything to inspire us with the thought of despair. He will no longer need efforts and labors for our defeat, when the fallen and lying ones themselves do not want to resist him ... and the soul, having once despaired of its salvation, no longer feels how it is striving into the abyss ”(St. John Chrysostom).

Despair leads directly to death. It precedes suicide, the most terrible sin that immediately sends a person to hell - a place remote from God, where there is no light of God and no joy, only darkness and eternal despair. Suicide is the only sin that cannot be forgiven, because the suicide can no longer repent.

“During the free suffering of the Lord, two fell away from the Lord - Judas and Peter: one sold, and the other was rejected three times. Both had the same sin, both seriously sinned, but Peter was saved, and Judas perished. Why were not both saved and not both perished? Some will say that Peter was saved by repentance. But the holy Gospel says that Judas also repented: “... having repented, he returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, saying: I have sinned in betraying innocent blood” (Matt. 27: 3–4); however, his repentance is not accepted, but Petrovo is accepted; Peter escaped, but Judas perished. Why so? And because Peter repented with hope and hope in the mercy of God, Judas repented with despair. This abyss is terrible! Without a doubt, it must be filled with hope for the mercy of God” (St. Demetrius of Rostov).

“Judas the traitor, having fallen into despair, “choked himself” (Matt. 27:5). He knew the power of sin, but did not know the greatness of God's mercy. So many do now and follow Judas. They know the multitude of their sins, but they do not know the multitude of God's bounties, and so they despair of their salvation. Christian! a heavy and final diabolical blow is despair. He presents God as merciful before sin, and after sin as just. Such is his cunning” (St. Tikhon of Zadonsk).

So, tempting a person to sin, Satan inspires him with thoughts: “God is good, He will forgive,” and after sin, he tries to plunge him into despair, suggesting completely different thoughts: “God is just, and He will punish you for what you have done” . The devil inspires a person that he will never be able to get out of the pit of sin, will not be merciful by God, will not be able to receive forgiveness and correct himself.

Despair is the death of hope. If it comes, then only a miracle can save a person from suicide.

How despondency and its generations manifest themselves

Despondency is manifested even in facial expressions and behavior of a person: an expression on the face, which is called so - sad, slumped shoulders, drooping head, lack of interest in the environment and one's condition. There may be a permanent decrease in blood pressure. It is also characterized by lethargy, inertia of the soul. The good mood of others causes bewilderment, irritation and overt or covert protest in a dull person.

St. John Chrysostom said that “the soul, embraced by sadness, cannot speak or listen to anything healthy,” and the Monk Nilus of Sinai testified: “Just as a sick person cannot bear a heavy burden, so a dull one is not able to carefully fulfill God’s deeds; for that one has bodily strength in disorder, but this one has no spiritual strength left.”

According to St. John Cassian, such a state of a person “does not allow one to perform prayers with the usual zeal of the heart, nor to engage in sacred reading with benefit, it does not allow one to be calm and meek with brothers; to all the duties of work or worship makes him impatient and incapable, intoxicates the feeling, crushes and overwhelms with painful despair. Like a moth to a garment and a worm to a tree, so sadness harms the heart of a person.

Further, the holy father lists the manifestations of this sinful painful state: “Discontent, cowardice, irritability, idleness, drowsiness, anxiety, vagrancy, inconstancy of mind and body, talkativeness are born from despondency ... spiritual success; then he will make him fickle, idle, negligent in every business.

These are manifestations of despondency. And despair has even more serious manifestations. A person who is desperate, that is, who has lost hope, often indulges in drug addiction, drunkenness, fornication and many other obvious sins, believing that he is already dead anyway. The extreme manifestation of despair, as already mentioned, is suicide.

Every year, a million people around the world commit suicide. It is terrible to think about this number, which exceeds the population of many countries.

In our country, the largest number of suicides was in 1995. Compared to this indicator, by 2008 it had decreased by one and a half times, but still Russia remains among the countries with the highest suicide rate.

Indeed, more suicides occur in poor and disadvantaged countries than in rich and economically stable ones. This is not surprising, since in the first, people have more reasons to be discouraged. But still, even the richest countries and the richest people are not free from this misfortune. Because under external well-being, the soul of an unbeliever often feels even more acutely painful emptiness and constant dissatisfaction, as was the case with that successful businessman whom we mentioned at the beginning of the article.

But he can be saved from the terrible fate that annually overtakes a million people by the special circumstance that he has and which many of those unfortunate people who drive themselves to suicide in despair are deprived of.

From what do despondency and its offspring grow?

Despondency arises from distrust of God, so we can say that it is the fruit of lack of faith.

But what, in turn, is distrust of God and lack of faith? It does not arise by itself, out of nowhere. It is a consequence of the fact that a person trusts himself too much, because he thinks too high of himself. And the more a person trusts himself, the less he trusts God. And trusting yourself more than God is the clearest sign of pride.

The first root of despondency is pride

Therefore, in the words of St. Anatoly of Optina, “despair is a product of pride. If you expect everything bad from yourself, you will never despair, but you will only humble yourself and peacefully repent.” “Despair is a denouncer of unbelief and selfishness in the heart: he who believes in himself and trusts in himself will not rise from sin with repentance” (St. Theophan the Recluse).

As soon as something happens in the life of a proud man that exposes his impotence and unfounded confidence in himself, he immediately becomes discouraged and despairs.

And this can happen from a variety of reasons: from offended pride or from what is not being done in our own way; also from vanity, when a person sees that his equals enjoy greater advantages than he; or from the restrictive circumstances of life, as St. Ambrose of Optina testifies to this.

A humble person who believes in God knows that these unpleasant circumstances test and strengthen his faith, just as the muscles of an athlete are strengthened in training; he knows that God is near and that He will not put more trials than he can bear. Such a person, who trusts in God, never loses heart even in difficult circumstances.

The proud man, relying on himself, as soon as he finds himself in difficult circumstances that he himself cannot change, immediately falls into despondency, thinking that if he cannot correct what happened, then no one can correct it; moreover, at the same time, he is sad and annoyed because these circumstances have shown him his own weakness, which the proud cannot endure calmly.

Precisely because despondency and despair are a consequence and, in a certain sense, a demonstration of disbelief in God, one of the saints said: “In a moment of despair, know that it is not the Lord who leaves you, but you the Lord!”

So, pride and lack of faith are some of the main causes of despondency and despair, but still far from the only ones.

St. John of the Ladder speaks of two main types of despair, arising from different causes: “There is despair that comes from a multitude of sins and a burden of conscience and unbearable sorrow, when the soul, due to the multitude of these ulcers, sinks and drowns in the depths of hopelessness from their severity. But there is despair of another kind, which comes from pride and haughtiness, when the fallen think that they did not deserve their fall ... From the first, abstinence and good faith heal; and from the latter - humility and not judging anyone.

The second root of despondency is the dissatisfaction of passions

So, with regard to the second kind of despair, which comes from pride, we have already shown what its mechanism is. And what is meant by the first kind, "proceeding from a multitude of sins"?

This kind of despondency, according to the holy fathers, comes when some passion has not found satisfaction. As St. John Cassian writes, despondency “is born from the dissatisfaction of the desire for some kind of self-interest, when one sees that he has lost the hope born in the mind to receive some things.”

For example, a glutton who suffers from a peptic ulcer or diabetes will be discouraged because he cannot enjoy the desired amount of food or the variety of its taste; a stingy person - because he cannot avoid spending money, and so on. Despondency is accompanied by almost any unsatisfied sinful desires, if a person does not refuse them for one reason or another.

Therefore, St. Nilus of Sinai says: “He who is bound by sorrow is overcome by passions, because sorrow is the result of failure in carnal desire, and desire is associated with every passion. He who conquered passions does not possess sadness. Just as a sick person is seen by the complexion, so sadness reveals the passionate. Whoever loves the world will grieve a lot. And whoever neglects what is in the world will always be glad.”

As despondency grows in a person, specific desires lose their significance, and there remains a state of mind that seeks precisely those desires that cannot be fulfilled - already to feed the despondency itself.

Then, according to the testimony of the Monk John Cassian, “we are subjected to such grief that we cannot receive even kind faces and our relatives with usual friendliness, and no matter what they say in a decent conversation, everything seems untimely and superfluous to us, and we do not give a pleasant answer to them, when all the curves of our hearts are filled with bile bitterness.

Therefore, despondency is like a swamp: the longer a person plunges into it, the harder it is for him to get out of it.

Other roots of sadness

The causes that excite despondency in unbelievers and in people of little faith have been described above. However, despondency attacks, albeit less successfully, believers. But for other reasons. St. Innokenty of Kherson writes in detail about these reasons:

“There are many sources of despondency – both external and internal.

First, in the souls of the pure and close to perfection, despondency can come from leaving them for a while by the grace of God. The state of grace is the most blessed. But lest he who is in this state imagine that it comes from his own perfections, grace sometimes withdraws, leaving his favorite to himself. Then the same thing happens to the holy soul, as if midnight had come in the middle of the day: darkness, coldness, deadness, and at the same time despondency appear in the soul.

Secondly, despondency, as people experienced in the spiritual life testify, comes from the action of the spirit of darkness. Unable to deceive the soul on the way to heaven with the blessings and pleasures of the world, the enemy of salvation turns to an opposite means and brings despondency to it. In such a state, the soul is like a traveler, suddenly caught in darkness and fog: it sees neither what is ahead nor what is behind; doesn't know what to do; loses courage, falls into indecision.

The third source of despondency is our fallen, impure, weakened nature, dead from sin. As long as we act out of self-love, filled with the spirit of the world and passions, until then this nature in us is cheerful and alive. But change the direction of life, step down from the wide path of the world to the narrow path of Christian self-denial, set about repentance and self-correction—an emptiness will immediately open inside you, spiritual impotence will be revealed, heart deadness will be felt. Until the soul has time to be filled with a new spirit of love for God and neighbor, until then the spirit of despondency, to a greater or lesser extent, is inevitable for it. This kind of despondency is most experienced by sinners after their conversion.

The fourth, the usual source of spiritual despondency, is a lack, much less a cessation of activity. Having ceased to use its strengths and abilities, the soul loses its liveliness and vigor, becomes lethargic; the former occupations themselves oppose her: discontent and boredom appear.

Despondency can also occur from various sad events in life, such as: the death of relatives and loved ones, loss of honor, property and other unfortunate adventures. All this, according to the law of our nature, is accompanied by unpleasantness and sorrow for us; but, according to the law of nature itself, this sadness should decrease with time and disappear when a person does not indulge in sadness. Otherwise, a spirit of despondency is formed.

Despondency can also occur from some thoughts, especially gloomy and heavy ones, when the soul is too indulged in such a thought and looks at objects not in the light of faith and the Gospel. So, for example, a person can easily fall into despondency from frequent reflection on the iniquity that prevails in the world, about how the righteous here mourn and suffer, while the wicked are exalted and blissful.

Finally, various morbid conditions of the body, especially some of its members, can be the source of spiritual despondency.

How to deal with despondency and its creations

The great Russian saint, Rev. Seraphim of Sarov said: “You need to remove despondency from yourself and try to have a joyful spirit, and not a sad one. According to Sirach, “sorrow has killed many, but there is no benefit in it (Sir. 31: 25).”

But how exactly can you remove despondency from yourself?

Let us recall the unfortunate young businessman mentioned at the beginning of the article, who for many years can do nothing with the despondency that gripped him. He was convinced from his own experience of the truth of the words of St. Ignatius (Bryanchaninov): “Earthly entertainments only drown out sorrow, but do not exterminate it: they fell silent, and again sorrow, rested and, as it were, strengthened by rest, begins to act with greater force.”

Now it's time to tell in more detail about that special circumstance in the life of this businessman, which we mentioned earlier.

His wife is a deeply religious person, and she is free from that gloomy, impenetrable longing that shrouded her husband's life. He knows that she is a believer, that she goes to church and reads Orthodox books, as well as that she does not have "depression". But for all the years that they have been together, it has never occurred to him to connect these facts together and try to go to the temple himself, read the Gospel ... He still regularly visits a psychologist, receiving short-term relief, but not healing.

How many people are exhausted from this mental illness, not wanting to believe that healing is just around the corner. And this businessman, unfortunately, is one of them. We would like to write that one fine day he became interested in faith, which gives his wife the strength not to succumb to despondency and keep the pure joy of life. But, alas, so far this has not happened. And until then, he will remain among those unfortunates, about whom St. Demetrius of Rostov said: “There is no sorrow for the righteous that would not turn into joy, just as there is no joy for sinners that would not turn into sorrow.”

But if suddenly this businessman turned to the treasury of the Orthodox faith, what would he find out about his condition and what methods of healing would he receive?

He would have learned, among other things, that there is a spiritual reality in the world and that spiritual beings are active: the good ones are angels and the evil ones are demons. The latter, out of their malice, seek to cause as much harm as possible to the human soul, turning him away from God and from the path to salvation. These are enemies seeking to kill a person both spiritually and bodily. For their purposes, they use different methods, among them the most common is the suggestion of certain thoughts and feelings to people. Including thoughts of despondency and despair.

The trick is that demons try to convince a person that these are his own thoughts. A person who does not believe or has little faith is completely unprepared for such a temptation and does not know how to relate to such thoughts, he really takes them for his own. And, following them, he comes closer and closer to death - in the same way, a traveler in the desert, mistaking a mirage for a true vision, begins to chase after him and goes further and further into the depths of a lifeless desert.

A person who believes and is spiritually experienced knows about the existence of the enemy and about his tricks, knows how to recognize his thoughts and cut them off, thereby successfully opposing demons and defeating them.

A despondent person is not one who experiences thoughts of despondency at times, but one who is defeated by them and does not fight. And vice versa, it is not the one who has never experienced such thoughts that is free from despondency - there are no such people on earth, but the one who fights with them and defeats them.

St. John Chrysostom said: “Excessive despondency is more harmful than any demonic action, because demons, if they rule in someone, then rule through despondency.”

But if a person was deeply struck by the spirit of despondency, if the demons received such power in him, then it means that the person himself did something that gave them such power over him.

It has already been said above that one of the reasons for despondency among unbelievers is the lack of faith in God and, accordingly, the lack of a living connection with Him, the source of all joy and good. But the lack of faith is rarely something innate for a person.

Faith in a person is killed by unrepentant sin. If a person sins and does not want to repent and renounce sin, then sooner or later he inevitably loses faith.

Conversely, faith is resurrected in sincere repentance and confession of sins.

Non-believers themselves deprive themselves of two of the most effective ways to deal with depression - repentance and prayer. “The destruction of despondency is served by prayer and unceasing meditation on God,” writes St. Ephraim the Syrian.

It is worth giving a list of the main means of combating despondency that a Christian has at his disposal. Saint Innocent of Kherson speaks of them:

“No matter what despondency comes from, prayer is always the first and last remedy against it. In prayer, a person stands directly in the face of God: but if, standing against the sun, it is impossible not to be illuminated by light and not to feel warmth, all the more so, spiritual light and warmth are the immediate consequences of prayer. In addition, prayer attracts grace and help from above, from the Holy Spirit, and where the Spirit is the Comforter, there is no place for despondency, there sorrow itself will be sweet.

Reading or listening to the word of God, especially the New Testament, is also a powerful remedy for discouragement. It was not in vain that the Savior called to Himself all those who labor and are burdened, promising them peace and joy. He did not take this joy with Him to heaven, but left it entirely in the Gospel for all those who grieve and are despondent in spirit. Whoever is imbued with the spirit of the Gospel ceases to mourn joylessly: for the spirit of the Gospel is the spirit of peace, comfort and joy.

Divine services, and especially the holy sacraments of the Church, are also great medicine against the spirit of despondency, for in the church, as the house of God, there is no place for it; the sacraments are all directed against the spirit of darkness and the weaknesses of our nature, especially the sacrament of confession and communion. Laying off the burden of sins through confession, the soul feels lightness and vigor, and receiving the body and blood of the Lord in the Eucharist, it feels revival and joy.

Conversations with people rich in Christian spirit are also a remedy for despondency. In conversation, we generally come out more or less from the gloomy inner depths into which the soul plunges from despondency; besides this, through the exchange of thoughts and feelings in the conversation, we will borrow from those who are talking to us a certain strength and vitality, which is so necessary in a state of despondency.

Reflection on comforting objects. For a thought in a dull state either does not act at all, or circles around sad things. To get rid of despondency, one must force oneself to think otherwise.

Occupation of oneself with bodily labor also drives away despondency. Let him begin to work, even reluctantly; let him continue the work, although without success: from the movement the body comes to life, and then the spirit, and cheerfulness is felt; Thought in the midst of labor will inconspicuously turn away from objects that bring melancholy, and this already means a lot in a state of despondency.

Prayer

Why is prayer the most effective remedy for discouragement? For many reasons.

First, when we pray during despondency, we thereby fight against the demon that is trying to plunge us into this despondency. He does this so that we despair and move away from God, this is his plan; when we turn to God in prayer, we destroy the enemy’s tricks, showing that we did not fall into his trap, did not surrender to him, but, on the contrary, we use his intrigues as an excuse to strengthen the connection with God that the demon tried to break .

Secondly, since despondency in most cases is a consequence of our pride, prayer helps to heal from this passion, that is, it pulls out the very root of despondency from the earth. After all, every humble prayer asking God for help - even such a short one as “Lord, have mercy!” - means that we recognize our weakness and limitations and begin to trust God more than ourselves. Therefore, each such prayer, even uttered through force, is a blow to pride, similar to the blow of a huge weight that crushes the walls of dilapidated houses.

And finally, thirdly, and most importantly: prayer helps because it is an appeal to God, Who alone can really help in any, even the most hopeless situation; the only one who is strong enough to give true consolation and joy and freedom from despondency. "

In sorrows and temptations the Lord helps us. He does not free us from them, but gives us the strength to endure them easily, not even noticing them.

If we are with Christ and in Christ, then no sorrow will confuse us, and joy will fill our hearts so that we will rejoice both during sorrows and during temptations” (St. Nikon of Optina).

Some advise praying to the guardian angel, who is always invisibly next to us, ready to support us. Others advise reading the Akathist to the Sweetest Jesus. There is also advice to read the prayer “Our Lady of the Virgin, rejoice” many times in a row, with the hope that the Lord will certainly give peace to our souls for the sake of the prayers of the Mother of God.

But the advice of St. Ignatius (Bryanchaninov) deserves special attention, who recommended during times of despondency to repeat such words and prayers as often as possible.

"Thank God for everything".

"God! I surrender to Your Holy Will! Be with me Thy Will."

"God! I thank You for everything You are pleased to send to me.”

“I accept what is worthy according to my deeds; remember me, Lord, in your kingdom."

The Holy Fathers noted that it is especially difficult for a person to pray in despondency. Therefore, not everyone will be able to fulfill the large prayer rules at once, but everyone can say those short prayers that St. Ignatius indicated, this is not difficult.

As for the unwillingness to pray in despondency and despair, we must understand that this is not our feeling, but a demon instilled in us specifically for the purpose of depriving us of the weapon with which we can defeat him.

St. Tikhon of Zadonsk speaks of this unwillingness to pray in despondency: “I advise you the following: convince yourself and force yourself to prayer and to every good deed, although you don’t feel like it. Just as people drive a lazy horse with a whip so that it walks or runs, so we need to force ourselves to do everything, and especially to prayer. Seeing such work and diligence, the Lord will give desire and diligence.

Of the four phrases proposed by St. Ignatius, two are phrases of gratitude. About why they are given, he himself explains: when such thoughts come, thanksgiving is pronounced in simple words, with attention and often - until peace is brought to the heart. There is no sense in mournful thoughts: they do not relieve grief, they do not bring any help, they only upset the soul and body. This means that they are from demons and it is necessary to drive them away from oneself ... Thanksgiving first calms the heart, then brings consolation to it, and subsequently brings heavenly joy - a guarantee, a foretaste of eternal joy.

During despair, demons inspire a person with the idea that there is no salvation for him and his sins cannot be forgiven. This is the greatest demonic lie!

“Let no one say: “I have sinned a lot, there is no forgiveness for me.” Whoever speaks like this forgets about the One Who came to earth for the sake of those who suffer and said: “...there is joy among the angels of God and over one sinner who repents” (Luke 15:10) and also: “I came to call not the righteous, but sinners to repentance” (Luke 5:32),” teaches St. Ephraim the Syrian. As long as a person is alive, it is really possible for him to repent and receive forgiveness of sins, no matter how serious they may be, and, having received forgiveness, transform his life, fill it with joy and light. And demons are trying to deprive a person of this very opportunity, instilling in him thoughts of despair and suicide, because after death it is already impossible to repent.

So “none of the people, even having reached the extreme degree of evil, should not despair, even if he has acquired the skill and entered into the nature of evil itself” (St. John Chrysostom).

St. Tikhon of Zadonsk explains that being tested by despondency and despair makes a Christian more cautious and experienced in spiritual life. And "the longer" such a temptation continues, "the more benefit it will bring to the soul."

The Orthodox Christian knows that the more severe the sorrow of all other temptations, the greater the reward will be received by those who endure sorrow with patience. And in the fight against despondency, the greatest crown is bestowed. Therefore, “let us not lose heart when sorrows befall us, but, on the contrary, we will become more glad that we are walking the path of the saints,” advises St. Ephraim the Syrian.

God is always near each of us, and He does not allow demons to afflict a person with despondency as much as they would like. He gave us freedom, and He also makes sure that no one takes this gift from us. So at any moment a person can turn to God for help and repent.

If a person does not do this, this is his choice, the demons themselves are not able to force him to do so.

In conclusion, I would like to quote a prayer composed by St. Demetrius of Rostov just for people suffering from despondency:

God, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, Father of bounty and God of all comfort, comforting us in all our sorrow! Comfort every one who is grieving, saddened, in despair, overwhelmed by the spirit of despondency. After all, every person was created by Your hands, wise in wisdom, exalted by Your right hand, glorified by Your goodness ... But now we are visited by Your Fatherly punishment, short-term sorrows! “You compassionately punish those you love, and you show mercy generously and look down on their tears!” So, having punished, have mercy and quench our sorrow; turn sorrow into joy and dissolve our sorrow with joy; surprise us with Thy mercy, wonderful in the advice of the Lord, incomprehensible in the destinies of the Lord and blessed in Thy deeds forever, amen.

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