General educational skills and abilities are such skills that correspond to actions that are formed in the process of teaching many subjects, and which become operations for performing actions used in many subjects and in everyday life.

All general educational skills and abilities can be divided into several groups:

1. Educational and managerial - general educational skills that provide planning, organization, control, regulation and analysis of students' own educational activities (planning, i.e. determining goals and means to achieve them; organization, i.e. creating and improving the interaction between managed and control systems for the implementation of plans, control, i.e., the collection of information about the process of implementing the plans, regulation, i.e., adjusting plans and the process of their implementation, analysis, i.e., studying and evaluating the process and results of implementing plans). These include the following skills and abilities:

Ø Understand the learning task presented for individual and collective activities.

Ø Understand the sequence of actions implemented in the individual and collective performance of the learning task.

Ø Follow the sequence of actions in the individual implementation of the educational task in the allotted time.

Ø Follow the sequence of actions in the collective implementation of the educational task in the allotted time.

Ø Follow the sequence of doing homework assignments within certain time limits.

Ø Independently (or on the advice of a teacher) prepare a workplace for studies at school and at home.

Ø Use educational supplies in accordance with accepted standards.

Ø Maintain proper posture at work.

Ø Follow the teacher's advice on observing the basic rules of hygiene of educational work.

Ø Compare the results obtained with the learning task, with the plan for its implementation.

Ø Own the basic means of various forms of control (self-control, mutual control).

Ø Evaluate your own learning activities and the activities of classmates according to a given algorithm.

Ø Make the necessary changes in the sequence and time of the learning task.

2. Educational and informational skills - general educational skills that ensure the finding, processing and use of information to solve educational problems. These include:

Ø Ability to work with written texts:

ü Use different types of reading: continuous, selective, commented; by roles; aloud.

ü Transition from one type of reading to another.

ü Independently prepare for the expressive reading of the artistic, journalistic, popular science text analyzed in the lesson.

ü Work with the main components of the textbook: table of contents; questions and tasks to the educational text; dictionary; applications and samples.

ü Find a subtitle, paragraph, red line in the text.

ü Determine the approximate content of the book by its components.

ü Find the necessary book or article using recommended bibliographic lists, card indexes, catalogs.

ü Use a bibliographic card

ü To carry out a bibliographic description of the book of one or two authors.

ü Distinguish between scientific, official business, journalistic and artistic written texts.

ü Select and group materials on a specific topic.

ü Make a simple outline of the written text.

ü Competently and calligraphically correctly copy and write texts from dictation.

ü Prepare notebooks and written work in accordance with accepted standards.

ü Create written texts of various types: narrative, description, reasoning.

ü Own various forms of presentation: detailed - concise, complete - selective.

Ø Ability to work with oral texts:

ü Understand what is said once at a normal pace.

ü Ask complementary (open) and clarifying (closed) questions in case of misunderstanding of the oral text.

ü Distinguish between scientific, official business, journalistic and artistic oral texts.

ü Make a simple plan of oral text.

ü Create oral texts of various types.

ü Speak expressively.

ü To master various types of retelling.

Ø Ability to work with real objects as sources of information:

ü Observe the object in accordance with the goals proposed by the teacher.

ü Carry out a qualitative and quantitative description of the observed object.

ü Form the simplest models under the guidance of a teacher.

3. Educational and logical skills - general educational skills that provide a clear structure for the content of the process of setting and solving educational problems. This is:

Ø Analysis and synthesis:

ü Determine the object of analysis and synthesis;

ü Determine the aspect of analysis and synthesis;

ü Define the components of the object;

ü Carry out a qualitative and quantitative description of the components of the object;

ü Determine the spatial relationships of the components of the object;

ü Determine the temporal relations of the components of the object;

ü Determine the functional relationships of the components of the object;

ü Determine the cause-and-effect relationships of the components of the object;

ü Determine the properties of the object;

ü Determine the essential features of the object.

Ø Comparison:

ü Determine the objects of comparison.

ü Determine the aspect of comparison of objects.

ü Perform an incomplete one-line comparison.

ü Perform an incomplete complex comparison.

ü Perform full one-line comparison

ü Perform a full complex comparison.

ü Comparison by analogy.

Ø Generalization and classification:

ü Perform inductive generalization.

ü Perform deductive generalization.

ü Carry out classification.

Ø Definition of concepts:

ü Distinguish the scope and content of concepts.

ü Distinguish between generic and specific concepts.

ü To carry out a generic definition of concepts.

Ø Proof and refutation:

ü Distinguish the components of evidence.

ü Carry out direct inductive proof.

ü Carry out direct deductive evidence.

ü Perform a refutation of the thesis.

ü Refutation of arguments.

Ø Defining and solving the problem:

ü Identify problems.

ü Define a new object function to solve problems

ü Combine known means for new problem solving.

ü Formulate a hypothesis to solve problems.

General educational skills and abilities are based on universal (learning) actions, the totality and system of which can be of a variable nature, depending on the content of educational tasks.

The functional heterogeneity of general educational skills and abilities is manifested in the fact that their correlation with the structure of activity, in which motivational-target, indicative, performing and evaluative-effective components take place, makes it possible to single out their methodological functions, proving the universality of general educational skills: for example, organizational skills perform the basic function, information skills perform an indicative function, intellectual skills, closely related to information skills, perform the actual technological (information processing) function; communication skills perform an exponential function in relation to the quality (formation) of all groups of general educational skills

Key words that reveal the essence of the implementation of the functions of scientific knowledge show that information skills correlate with descriptive functions, and intellectual skills correlate with explanatory functions; the predictive function can be implemented on the basis of information as indicative skills and intellectual as "technological" skills in their relationship (i.e., the prediction can be at the level of description or explanation, or it includes reliance on both functions and, accordingly, on both groups of general educational skills ).

The universality of general educational skills and educational activities is that they are manifested at the social, educational and personal levels.

General educational skills are always implemented in interconnection, as a system. General educational skills are divided into ():

ü Communicative (indicative) - should describe (what, where, when, how) and explain (because why, why, what will happen, if), participate in conversation and discussion, compose business texts and statements, review the text;

ü Informational (indicative) - the ability to read and set the goal of reading, the ability to highlight the main thing, draw up a text plan, work with tables, with a textbook, reference literature, draw up abstracts, abstracts, replenish knowledge from the Internet, construct a story, text;

ü Intellectual (instrumental) - compare and structure objects, compare, analyze, generalize, classify, synthesize, model, evaluate;

ü Organizational skills (basic) - goal-setting skills (to accept a goal and work in accordance with it), the ability to set and formulate a goal, select means to achieve it and work in accordance with it, the ability to plan activities (to make a sequence of stages of operations and actions) , work at a certain pace, exercise self-control (compare actions and results with the standard) and introspection of activities (in relation to the goal and plan), carry out self-correction of actions based on introspection and self-control, reflection of all activities.

The supra-subject nature of general educational skills is explained by the adequacy of their relationship with the socio-psychological structure of human activity: organization - work with information - communication. Taken together, they are universal in their instrumental-technological function and as a means of controlling cognitive activity, they give stability to human cognition.

v abstraction- the process of thinking, as a result of which a person, abstracting from the inessential, forms concepts, entering from the concrete to the abstract, filling the abstract with concrete content.

v The authority of the teacher- a special professional position that determines the impact on students, giving the right to make decisions, express an assessment, give advice. Genuine A. u. relies not on official and age privileges, but on the high personal and professional qualities of the educator: a democratic style of cooperation with pupils, empathy, the ability to communicate openly, a positive self-concept of the teacher, his desire for continuous improvement, erudition, competence, justice and kindness, general culture. Irradiation of the teacher's authority- the transfer of authority to those spheres of life where the teacher's right to authoritative influence has not yet been tested. Authority specification- recognition of a person's authority only in one of the areas, and in others he does not act as an authority.

v Adaptation- adaptation of the individual to the changed environment with the help of various means of influence.

v Acmeology(from the Greek acme - peak, peak, the highest degree of something) - an interdisciplinary science that arose at the intersection of natural, social and humanitarian disciplines. It studies the patterns and mechanisms of human development at the stage of its maturity (a period of about 30 to 50 years) and when it reaches the highest level in this development - acme. An important task of A. is to find out what should be formed in a person at each age stage in childhood and adolescence, so that he can successfully realize his potential at the stage of maturity.

v Acceleration- accelerating the growth and puberty of children and adolescents compared to previous generations.

v Axiology- philosophical doctrine of material, cultural, spiritual, moral and psychol. values ​​of the individual, collective, society, their relationship with the world of reality, changes in the value-normative system in the process of historical development. In modern pedagogy, it acts as its methodological basis, which determines the system of ped. views, which are based on the understanding and affirmation of the value of human life, education and training, ped. activities and education.

v Artistry- artistic talent, outstanding creative abilities, high creative skill, virtuosity in any business, as well as a special elegance of manners, graceful movements (modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by T.F. Efremova).

v Artistry- a special, figurative-emotional language of the creation of the new; a penetrating style of co-creation between a teacher and a student, focused on understanding and dialogue with the Other, other-dominance; graceful and delicate lace of the creation of a living feeling, knowledge and meaning, born "here and now"; this is the ability to almost instantly switch to new situations, to appear in a new image, the ability to live with the ideas taught to students in the lesson, to live sincerely; this is a wealth of personal manifestations, a figurative way of posing and solving a problem, a game of imagination, grace, spirituality, a sense of inner freedom (V.I. Zagvyazinsky).

v Artistry is a manifestation of the rich inner world of the individual, is formed in the process of spiritual and practical development by a person of certain types of creative activity in order to meet the need for professional self-improvement and self-education (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Artistry - this is a personal quality of a teacher who has the aesthetic features of a lifestyle and activity that is creatively saturated and loves his profession (S.D. Yakusheva).

v artistic culture- an integrated quality of the personality, which realizes the unity of the general culture and artistry, the axiological and aesthetic-ethical principles in various types of professional activity and communication (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Aspects of educational needs. It is advisable to distinguish the following aspects of educational needs: state, public and individual - depending on what kind of subject of needs we are talking about. It should be emphasized that all the listed types of needs in education are considered as social needs. What makes them social is not the subject (“one who wants”), but the object - the assignment to the field of education and the “nature” of the need as a social relation. In other words, it is possible to speak about individual, public and state requests only as different aspects of social needs, depending on who exactly these requests are presented (FGOS).

v affective- emotionally colored.

v Database- a unified data system organized according to certain rules that provide general principles for describing, storing and processing data.

v Knowledge base- a formalized system of information about a certain subject area, containing data on the properties of objects, patterns of processes and rules for using this data in given situations to make new decisions.

v Basic educational (educational) plan- a normative document that defines the structure of the content of education, the ratio of the mandatory part of the main educational program and the part formed by the participants in the educational process (invariant and variable); which determines the maximum allowable workload for a 5- and 6-day school week by class, as well as the number of weekly hours for funding (FSES).

v Basic Needs determine the educational activity of a significant part of the population in the current social situation. Basic needs are manifested in dominant or primary orientations (attitudes) (FGOS).

v psychological barrier- a mental state, manifested in inadequate passivity of the individual, which prevents her from performing certain actions. The causes of B. p. can be the novelty and danger of the situation, unexpected or negative information, lack of flexibility and quickness of thinking.

v Validity- the degree of compliance of the measured indicator with what was to be measured in sociological or psychological-pedagogical research.

v Variable part of the basic educational (educational) plan- part of the basic curriculum (educational) plan, mandatory for implementation in general education institutions, is represented by the number of hours allocated to meet the individual needs and requests of students, including ethno-cultural, the interests of educational institutions, constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Filling with concrete content of this part of the basic (educational) plan is within the competence of the participants in the educational process (FSES).

v Verbal- oral, verbal.

v Video computer system- a set of equipment that allows the user to present various types of perceived information (text, hand-drawn graphics, video, moving images, sound), providing an interactive dialogue between the user and the system.

v Pedagogical impact- the influence of the teacher on the consciousness, will, emotions of the students, on the organization of their lives and activities in the interests of forming the required qualities in them and ensuring the successful achievement of the set goals.

v upbringing- the level of personality development, manifested in the consistency between knowledge, beliefs, behavior and characterized by the degree of formalization of socially significant qualities. The discord, the conflict between what a person knows, how he thinks and how he really acts, can lead to an identity crisis. V. - the current level of personality development, in contrast to education- potential level of personality, zone of its proximal development.

v Educational work- purposeful activity to organize the life of adults and children, which aims to create conditions for the full development of the individual. Through V. p. educational process takes place.

v The educational system of the school- a set of interrelated components (educational goals, people implementing them, their activities and communication, relationships, living space), which constitutes an integral social-ped. structure of the school and acting as a powerful and permanent factor in education. signs humanistically oriented V. s. sh .: the presence of a single concept for the development of the school educational system, the formation of a healthy lifestyle, a combination of frontal, group and individual forms of influence and interaction, ensuring the protective functions of the team, diverse and diverse joint activities of teams and associations of different ages. Examples of humanistically oriented V. with. sh. there may be schools of V. Karakovsky, A. Tubelsky and others.

v parenting relationship- a kind of relationship between people that arises in educational interaction, aimed at spiritual, moral, etc. development and improvement.

v nurturing education- training, in which an organic connection is achieved between the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities by students and the formation of their emotionally holistic attitude to the world, to each other, to the educational material being assimilated.

v Dimensional(lat. habitus- appearance) culture- culture of personality, which includes individuality, which determines the color scheme, physical and psychophysiological features; style (romantic, sporty, dramatic), which establishes an individual creative characteristic in accordance with the requirements of the profession; fashion, reflecting development trends and helping the teacher to be modern and recognized among colleagues and students (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Hypothesis- a statement about facts, empirical relationships or principles of functioning and development of phenomena that have no justification or are recognized as insufficiently substantiated.

v Epistemology- theory of knowledge.

v Humanization of education- spreading the ideas of humanism on the content, forms and methods of teaching; providing the educational process with the free and comprehensive development of the individual, his active participation in the life of society.

v Humanism- the principle of worldview, which is based on the recognition of the limitlessness of human capabilities and his ability to improve, the rights of the individual to the free manifestation of his abilities, beliefs, the assertion of the good of man as a criterion for assessing the level of social relations. It is now becoming one of the basic principles of pedagogy.

v Humanitarianization of education- establishment of a harmonious balance between the natural-mathematical and humanitarian cycles in education with the aim of developing in each student a spiritually rich personality who can resist technocracy and inhumanity.

v Humanities education- priority development of general cultural components in the content of education, aimed at the formation of personal maturity of students.

v Humanitarian- pertaining to human society, to a person and his culture.

v Humanity(from lat. humanus - humane) - humanity, philanthropy, respect for people and their experiences. One of the leading moral values ​​that should be formed in a modern person in the process of education and training.

v Data(in the subject area) - presentation of information in a formalized form, convenient for sending, collecting, storing and processing.

v Deviant behavior- Behavior that is different from the norm.

v Active approach- 1) the principle of studying the psyche, which is based on the category of objective activity (I. Fichte, G. Hegel, M.Ya. Basov, S.L. Rubinshtein, A.N. Leontiev, etc.); 2) a theory that considers psychology as a science of the generation, functioning and structure of mental reflection in the processes of activity of individuals (A.N. Leontiev).

v Activity- a form of mental activity of the individual, aimed at the knowledge and transformation of the world and the person himself. D. consists of smaller units - actions, each of which has its own particular goal or task. D. includes the goal, motive, methods, conditions, result.

v Pedagogical activity- professional activity aimed at creating in ped. the process of optimal conditions for the upbringing, development and self-development of the personality of the pupil and the choice of opportunities for free and creative self-expression. The main problem of D. p. is the combination of the requirements and goals of the teacher with the possibilities, desires and goals of the students; the successful implementation of D. p. is determined by the level of professional consciousness of the teacher, mastering it ped. technology, ped. technique. Three models of P. d.: coercive pedagogy(authoritarian pedagogy), pedagogy of complete freedom, pedagogy of cooperation.

v Diagnostics- analysis of the state of objects and processes, identification of problems in their functioning and development.

v Didactics(from Greek. didaktikos- receiving, related to learning) - the theory of education and training, a branch of pedagogy. The subject of teaching is teaching as a means of educating and educating a person, that is, the interaction of teaching and learning in their unity, which ensures that students master the content of education organized by the teacher. D. Functions: theoretical(diagnostic and prognostic) and practical(normative, instrumental).

v Distance learning- learning at a distance using textbooks, personal computers and computer networks.

v Document- information recorded on a material carrier, having details that allow it to be identified.

v dominance- power, inclination and ability to occupy a dominant position.

v Protection of information- actions and means to prevent leakage, theft, distortion or falsification of information.

v Knowledge(about the subject area) - the totality of useful information and procedures that can be applied to it in order to produce new information about the subject area.

v Identity- conscious unity and continuity of human actions, mental processes.

v Identical- the same, the same.

v Image- a set of meanings and impressions about a person, a style and form of behavior, a symbolic image of the subject created in the process of interaction, - a universal psychological process carried out by each person when entering certain social groups (V.G. Gorchakova).

v The image of the teacher- integrative quality of personality, synthesis of intellectual, dimensional, kinetic, speech, environmental and artistic culture (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Individualism- a property of the individual, determined by the predominance of the goals of activity aimed at satisfying only the personal needs of one's "I" while ignoring the public.

v Individual image- a purposefully formed integral, holistic, dynamic phenomenon, due to the correspondence and interpenetration of the internal and external individual, personal and individual qualities of the subject, designed to ensure the harmonious interaction of the subject with nature, society and himself (V.N. Cherepanova).

v Individuality- a unique, inimitable originality of a person, a set of individual mental characteristics inherent only to her. I. manifests itself in the specifics of temperament, character, interests, intellect, needs and abilities. A prerequisite for the formation of human I. are the anatomical and physiological inclinations that are transformed and fully revealed in the process of education.

v Individual style of activity and communication of the teacher- a set of tasks, means and methods of ped. activities and communication, as well as more particular features, such as, for example, the rhythm of work, characteristic and stable for a given teacher. Since I. s. is determined by the ratio of tasks and methods of activity, then it can change.

v Innovation culture- knowledge, skills and experience of targeted training, integrated implementation and comprehensive development of innovations in various areas of human life while maintaining the dynamic unity of the old, modern and new in the innovation system; in other words, it is the free creation of the new in compliance with the principle of continuity (A.I. Nikolaev).

v Innovation culture- a stable system of norms, rules and methods for implementing innovations in various spheres of society, characteristic of a given sociocultural community (O.A. Kobyak).

v innovative creative thinking- the teacher's focus on self-development and self-education, the combination of logical and figurative, the integration of conceptual and visual, finding new, original solutions to professional problems, the formation of intellectual imagery and sensory modeling (S.D. Yakusheva).

v intellectual culture- flexibility of thinking, reflection and self-awareness associated with the development of creativity and the growth of professional skills of the personality of the teacher (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Intonation- raising and lowering the tone of the voice during pronunciation (interrogative, narrative, imperious, correct, false); manner of pronunciation, reflecting any feelings of the speaker, tone; the accuracy of the sound of a musical instrument when playing or voice when singing (S.I. Ozhegov).

v Intuition- the core component of the activity of a teacher-master, based on the sensory perception of the pedagogical situation, the integration of the creative and improvisational quality of the individual (S.D. Yakusheva).

v intuition - knowledge that arises without awareness of the ways and conditions for obtaining it, a specific ability (for example, artistic or scientific), “holistic coverage” of the conditions of a problem situation (sensory, intellectual intuition), the mechanism of creative activity (creative intuition) (pedagogical encyclopedic dictionary, ed. B .M. Bim-Bada).

v Intuition- flair, subtle understanding, penetration into the very essence of something without a detailed rationale (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v Informatics- a scientific discipline that studies the laws and methods of accumulation, processing and transmission of information using computers.

v Information technology- a system of scientific and engineering knowledge, as well as methods and tools that is used to create, collect, transfer, store and process information in the subject area.

v Informatization of education- the process of providing the education sector with methodology and practice for the development and optimal use of modern information technologies focused on the implementation of the psychological and pedagogical goals of training and education. This process initiates, firstly, the improvement of the mechanisms for managing the education system based on the use of automated data banks of scientific and pedagogical information, information and methodological materials, as well as communication networks; secondly, the improvement of the methodology and strategy for selecting the content, methods and organizational forms of training, education, corresponding to the tasks of developing the personality of the student in modern conditions of informatization of society; thirdly, the creation of methodological training systems focused on the development of the intellectual potential of the student, on the formation of skills to acquire knowledge independently, to carry out information and educational, experimental and research activities, various types of independent information processing activities;
fourthly, the creation and use of computer testing, diagnostic methods for monitoring and evaluating the level of knowledge of students.

v Informatization of society is a global social process, the peculiarity of which is that the dominant type of activity in the sphere of social production is the collection, accumulation, production, processing, storage, transmission and use of information, carried out on the basis of modern means of microprocessor and computer technology, as well as a variety of means information exchange.

v Information Technology Education- pedagogical technology that uses special methods, software and hardware (cinema, audio and video, computers, telecommunications networks) to work with information.

v Information and methodological center organized with the aim of introducing SNIT into the educational process of educational institutions; it should be provided with educational and material base of informatization of education.

v Information processes- processes of collection, processing, accumulation, storage, search and dissemination of information.

v Information(about the subject area) - any kind of information about objects, facts, concepts of the subject area.

v The quality of education- a comprehensive characteristic that reflects the range and level of educational services provided to the population (of different ages, gender, physical and mental condition) by the system of primary, general, vocational and additional education in accordance with the interests of the individual, society and the state. Quality education should enable each individual to continue education in accordance with his interests (FSES).

v personality traits- the totality of all socially and biologically determined components of the personality, which determine its stable behavior in the social. and the natural environment.

v The quality of education- a certain level of knowledge and skills, mental, moral and physical development, which students achieve at a certain stage in accordance with the planned goals; the degree of satisfaction of the expectations of various participants in the educational process from the educational services provided by the educational institution. K. o. primarily measured by its compliance with the educational standard. K. o. depends on the level of prestige of education in the public mind and the system of state priorities, funding and material and technical equipment of educational institutions, modern technology for managing them.

v Qualification categories of educators- the level of qualification, professionalism and productivity of the ped that meets the regulatory criteria. and (or) managerial work, providing the employee with the opportunity to solve professional problems.

v Professional qualification- levels of professional readiness of an employee, allowing him to perform labor functions of a certain level and complexity in a particular type of activity. An indicator of K. p. are qualification categories, which are assigned to the employee in accordance with the normative characteristics of this profession.

v Keyword(Keyword)- a word or phrase that a user enters into a search form when searching for information on a topic of interest in a search engine.

v cognitive- informative.

v Control in educational activities- ensuring the effectiveness of training activities by detecting deviations from the reference sample and making appropriate adjustments to the action. Criteria for evaluating the formation of universal educational activities: compliance with age-psychological regulatory requirements; compliance of properties of universal actions with predetermined requirements; the formation of educational activity among students, reflecting the level of development of meta-subject actions that perform the function of managing the cognitive activity of students (FSES).

v Communication potential- this is a complex characteristic of a person, which determines a person's readiness for communication, the need for communicative activity, activity and comfort in it (I.I. Zaretskaya).

v Compact disc- an optical disk used for permanent storage of large volumes of information.

v General cultural competence- the level of education sufficient for self-education and independent solution of the cognitive problems arising in this case and determining one's position.

v The competence of the teacher is professional- the teacher's possession of the necessary amount of knowledge, skills and abilities that determine the formation of his ped. activities, ped. communication and personality of the teacher as a carrier of certain values, ideals and ped. consciousness.

v Communicative culture of the teacher- a certain position of the teacher's personality, a qualitative characteristic of his pedagogical activity, covering the system of communicative knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as determining the effectiveness and success of professional skills (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Communication- informational connection of the subject with one or another object - a person, an animal, a machine (M.S. Kagan).

v Competence- the presence of a person with the appropriate competence, including his personal attitude towards it and the subject of activity (L.V. Zanina, N.P. Menshikova).

v Concept- system of views: the leading thought of a work or scientific work.

v Credo- Beliefs: views, fundamentals of the worldview.

v Criterion- a sign on the basis of which an assessment, definition or classification of something is made; measure of judgment, assessment of k.-l. phenomena. The development of criteria for certain phenomena in pedagogy presents certain difficulties due to the fact that the subject of pedagogy itself is complex and diverse in its manifestations.

v culture(from lat. cultura - cultivation, upbringing, development, veneration) - a historically defined level of development of society, the creative forces and abilities of a person, expressed in the types and forms of organizing the life and activities of people, in their relationships, as well as in the material and spiritual values. Culture in education acts as its content component, a source of knowledge about nature, society, methods of activity, a person’s emotional-volitional and value attitude towards people around him, work, communication, etc.

v Culture is intellectual- the culture of mental work, which determines the ability to set goals for cognitive activity, plan it, perform cognitive operations in various ways, work with sources and office equipment.

v culture of personality- 1) the level of development and realization of the essential forces of a person, his abilities and talents; 2) a set of competencies: political and social, associated with the ability to take responsibility, participate in joint decision-making, regulate conflicts in a non-violent way, participate in joint decision-making regarding the functioning and development of democratic institutions; competencies related to life in a multicultural society (understanding the differences between representatives of different cultures, languages ​​and religions, respect for other people's traditions, beliefs), etc. K. l. formed in the process of education and training, under the influence of social. environment and personal need for constant development and improvement.

v Culture of personality is informational- a set of rules for human behavior in the information society, methods and norms of communication with artificial intelligence systems, dialogue in human-machine systems of "hybrid intelligence", use of telematics, global and local information and computer networks. It includes the ability of a person to realize and master the information picture of the world as a system of symbols and signs, direct and reverse information links, freely navigate in the information society, and adapt to it. Formation To. l. and. carried out primarily in the process of organized teaching of computer science and information technology at school and the inclusion of modern electronic means of information transmission in the educational process (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v Culture of thinking- the degree of a person's mastery of the techniques, norms and rules of mental activity, expressed in the ability to accurately formulate tasks (problems), choose the best methods (paths) for solving them, obtain reasonable conclusions, and correctly use these conclusions in practice. Increases focus, organization, efficiency of any type of activity (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v Culture of self-education(self-education culture) - a high level of development and perfection of all components of self-education. The need for self-education is a characteristic quality of a developed personality, a necessary element of its spiritual life. Considered the highest form of satisfaction of the cognitive needs of the individual, self-education is associated with the manifestation of significant volitional efforts, a high degree of consciousness and organization of a person, the assumption of internal responsibility for one's self-improvement (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v Lecture- a method of training and education, a consistent monologue presentation of a system of ideas in a certain area (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v Personality- there is the highest instance of selfhood, personalized, self-determined among others, for others, and thus for oneself (V.I. Slobodchikov and E.I. Isaev).

v Personality- a relatively late product of the socio-historical and ontogenetic development of man (S.L. Rubinshtein).

v Personal culture- a quality that implements the unity of the general and basic, intellectual and communicative culture, creativity and skill of the teacher (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Personal approach(in ped.) - an individual approach of the teacher to each pupil, helping him in realizing himself as a person, in identifying opportunities that stimulate self-formation, self-affirmation, self-realization.

v Pedagogical skill- high level of mastery of ped. activity; a complex of special knowledge, abilities and skills, professionally important personality traits that allow the teacher to effectively manage the educational and cognitive activities of students and carry out purposeful pedagogy. impact and interaction (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v Pedagogical management- a set of principles, methods, organizational norms and technological methods for managing the educational process, aimed at increasing its efficiency.

v Meta-subject results of educational activities- methods of activity applicable both within the framework of the educational process and in solving problems in real life situations, mastered by students on the basis of one, several or all academic subjects (FSES).

v Method(from the Greek methodos - the path of research or knowledge) - a set of relatively homogeneous methods, operations of practical or theoretical development of reality, subject to the solution of a specific problem. In pedagogy, the problem of developing methods of education and training and their classification is one of the main ones (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v Methodology in education - description of specific techniques, methods, techniques ped. activities in separate educational processes.

v Teaching methodology as a private didactics - a set of ordered knowledge about the principles, content, methods, means and forms of organizing the educational process in individual academic disciplines that ensure the solution of the tasks set.

v Methodology of pedagogical research- a set of techniques, ways of organizing and regulating ped. research, the order of their application and interpretation of the results obtained in achieving a certain scientific goal.

v Methodology of Pedagogy - proceeding from the general methodology of science and the study of trends in social development, the system of knowledge about the starting points of ped. theory, about the principles of approach to the consideration of ped. phenomena and methods of their study, as well as ways to introduce the acquired knowledge into the practice of upbringing, training and education.

v Methods of control and self-control- ways of obtaining information about the effectiveness of educational influences. These include: ped. observation, conversation, ped. consultation, surveys, analysis of the results of the activities of pupils, the creation of control situations, psychodiagnostics, trainings.

v Teaching methods- a system of consistent, interrelated actions of the teacher and students, ensuring the assimilation of the content of education, the development of mental strength and abilities of students, their mastery of the means of self-education and self-learning. M. o. designate the purpose of learning, the method of assimilation and the nature of the interaction of subjects of learning.

v Method for studying products of creativity- diagnostics of a person's mental characteristics through inclusion in a standardized creative activity. M.'s examples and. etc.: a test for drawing a human figure (a variant of Goodenough and Machover), a test for drawing a tree (Koch), a test for drawing a house, a fictional hypothetical animal, etc. The method of psychol., but is very widely used in ped. research and in the process of studying the personality of students by a teacher or educator.

v Observation Method- targeted, systematic fixation of the specifics of the flow of certain ped. phenomena, manifestations in them of a person, a team, a group of people, the results obtained. Observations m.b.: continuous and selective; included and simple; uncontrollable and controlled(when registering observed events according to a previously worked out procedure); field(when observed in natural conditions) and laboratory(under experimental conditions), etc.

v Method of generalization of independent characteristics- studies based on the generalization of the largest possible number of information about the individual being studied, obtained from the largest possible number of persons observing him in the largest possible number of his activities; compilation of characteristics of a person or event by various experts independently of each other.

v sociometric method- study of the structure, nature of people's relations based on the measurement of their interpersonal choice. This measurement takes place according to a certain sociometric criterion, and its results take the form of a sociometric matrix, or sociogram. The use of this method by a teacher in the process of forming a children's team allows him to find more productive ways of influencing both the entire team or small groups, and its individual members.

v terminological method- operating with basic and peripheral concepts of the problem, analysis of ped. phenomena through the analysis of the concepts fixed in the language of the theory of pedagogy.

v Test method- the study of personality by diagnosing (psychoprognostic) its mental states, functions based on the performance of Ph.D. standardized task.

v Modeling(in ped.) - building copies, models of ped. materials, phenomena and processes. Used for a schematic representation of the investigated ped. systems. By "model" is meant a system of objects or signs that reproduces some of the essential properties of the original, capable of replacing it in such a way that its study provides new information about this object.

v facial expressions(from Greek mimikos - imitative) - expressive movement of the muscles of the face, one of the forms of manifestation of human feelings. Quite often, the teacher's M. acts on students much more strongly than words. Children "read" the face of the teacher, guessing his mood, attitude, so the teacher should be able to show only what is relevant (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v Motivation- the whole set of persistent motives, motives that determine the content, direction and nature of the activity of the individual, her behavior.

v Multimedia(Multimedia)- computer systems with integrated support for audio and video recordings.

v Scientific and educational management– a methodology for managing the management and marketing space and pattern engineering, based on the principles of scientificity, synergy, multiplicity, innovation, variability and determinism, based on the convergence and integration of science, education and practice in accordance with the demands and needs of society (S.D. Yakusheva) .

v The charm of man- sociability, empathy, reflexivity, eloquence, as well as external attractiveness, easy adaptation to new conditions, the ability to maintain confidence in a circle of strangers, tolerance for dissent (N.A. Moreva).

v Communication- individual typological features of the socio-psychological interaction between the teacher and students (V.A. Kan-Kalik).

v Additional education- educational programs and services implemented in order to comprehensively meet the educational needs of citizens, society and the state in general educational institutions of vocational education outside the main educational programs that determine their status, in educational institutions of O. D .: institutions for advanced training, courses, vocational guidance centers, music and art schools, art schools, children's art houses, stations for young technicians, stations for young naturalists, etc. (Law of the Russian Federation "On Education").

v Classical education- a type of general secondary education, providing for the systematic study of ancient languages ​​​​and mathematics as the main subjects.

v Education continuous- Purposeful acquisition by a person of knowledge, skills and abilities throughout his life in educational institutions and through organized self-education. O.'s purpose n. - maintaining the socially and individually necessary level of culture, general education and professional training. It is organized on the principles of universality, democracy, accessibility, continuity, integrativity, succession, the principle of self-education, flexibility and efficiency.

v Educational environment- a set of factors formed by the way of life of the school: the material resources of the school, the organization of the educational process, nutrition, medical care, the psychological climate (FSES).

v Object-oriented software systems are software systems based on a certain model of the object "user's world".

v The paradigm is pedagogical(from the Greek paradeigma - example, sample) - a set of theoretical, methodological and other guidelines adopted by the scientific ped. community at every stage of the development of pedagogy, which are guided as a model (model, standard) when solving ped. problems; a certain set of prescriptions (regulations). The concept of "paradigm" was introduced by Amer. historian T. Kuhn, who identified various stages in the development of a scientific discipline: the pre-paradigm (preceding the establishment of P.), the dominance of P. (“normal science”), the stage of crisis in the scientific revolution, which consists in changing P., the transition from one P. . to others

v Pedagogical artistry- the ability of the emotional and psychological impact of the teacher on students based on the elements of stagecraft, exercising the emancipation, interaction and co-creation of the participants in the pedagogical process in solving certain educational tasks (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Teacher-master- a specialist of high culture, a master of his craft, who is fluent in the taught discipline, teaching and upbringing methods, possessing psychological knowledge, as well as knowledge in various branches of science and art (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Pedagogical culture- a special kind of culture, but it is present as an element in each of the types of culture, linking it with the system of social research (V.L. Benin).

v Pedagogical culture- the level of mastery of pedagogical theory and practice, modern pedagogical technologies, ways of creative self-regulation of individual abilities of the individual in pedagogical activity (V.A. Mizherikov, T.A. Yuzefavicius).

v Pedagogical impact of a long-term nature- the result of the phenomenon of synergy of pedagogical influence, focused on: initiating the processes of development of thinking; development of memory, attention, observation; learning to make the best decision in a difficult situation, forming a reaction to unforeseen situations; removal of psychological barriers, complexes; education of the qualities of a leader capable of leading and organizational and managerial activities; aesthetic education; education of information culture; teaching self-representation and extraction of knowledge; the formation of skills and abilities for the implementation of experimental research activities.

v Pedagogical competence of the teacher- the unity of his theoretical and practical readiness to carry out his professional activities (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Pedagogical excellence- professional ability to optimize all types of educational activities aimed at the comprehensive development and improvement of the individual, the formation of her worldview and abilities (S.D. Yakusheva).

v teacher-manager- an integrative personality with a psychological and pedagogical background, professional and artistic culture, innovative creative thinking, competence and image, organizational and managerial skills, possessing professional skills and knowledge in the field of professional pedagogical engineering (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Pedagogical communication- a specific form of communication, which has its own characteristics and at the same time obeys the general psychological laws inherent in communication as a form of human interaction with other people (M.V. Bulanova-Toporkova).

v Pedagogical communication- a multifaceted process of organizing, establishing and developing communication, mutual understanding and interaction between teachers and students, generated by the goals and content of their joint activities (V.A. Slastenin).

v Pedagogical Synergetics- a complex open and self-organizing, non-equilibrium and non-linear system that reveals the general principles and patterns of the educational process, defines the stages of bifurcation as unstable phases of existence, suggests a plurality of scenarios for its further development S.D. Yakushev).

v Pedagogical directing- management of a harmoniously holistic educational process that has scientific and artistic unity and emotional and psychological logic, carrying out the activities of a teacher in the development and implementation of the idea of ​​pedagogical interaction (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Pedagogical technique- a complex of general pedagogical skills and abilities of the teacher, ensuring the mastery of his own psychophysiological state, mood, emotions, body, speech and the organization of pedagogically expedient communication, i.e. the optimal behavior of the teacher and his effective interaction with pupils in various pedagogical situations (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v perceptual- receptive.

v Knowledge Representation- a method of formal expression, representation of all types of knowledge (representable for machine processing), which is used to process knowledge in artificial intelligence systems.

v Exemplary curricula for individual subjects- programs that have an orienting character, including an explanatory note, which defines the goals of studying the subject at each level of education, the features of the content; the content of education, including a list of the studied material; exemplary thematic planning with the definition of the main activities of schoolchildren; planned results of the development of subject programs; recommendations on the material and technical equipment of the educational process (FSES).

v Management process- a continuous sequence of actions carried out by the subject of management, as a result of which the image of the managed object is formed and changed, the goals of joint activity are set, ways to achieve them are determined, work is divided between its participants and their efforts are integrated. It is the teacher who plans, organizes, manages and controls the process of training, education and development of students (M.M. Potashnik).

v Professiogram of a teacher- a document that gives a complete qualification description of the teacher from the standpoint of the requirements for his knowledge, skills and abilities; to his personality, abilities, psycho-physiological capabilities and level of training.

v career guidance- a scientific and practical system for preparing young people for a free, conscious and independent choice of profession, taking into account the individual characteristics and needs of the individual and the labor market and carried out through prof. information, prof. diagnostics, prof. consultation, prof. selection, prof. adaptation.

v Data search- selection of data for a certain combination of features.

v search engine, search engine(in Internet)- software that automatically collects and classifies information about websites in Internets issuing it at the request of users. Examples: AltaVista, Google, Excite, Northern Light etc. In Russia - Rambler, Yandex, Apart.

v Keyword position on the page- an indicator that takes into account how close to the top of the page the given keyword is. As a rule, the closer to the top of the page a query word occurs, the more relevant, significant, this page is considered when performing a search for this word.

v Subject area - a set of objects of the real or supposed world, considered within a given context, which is understood as a separate reasoning, a fragment of a scientific theory or a theory as a whole and is limited to the framework of information technologies of the chosen field.

v Program-methodical complex (PMC)- a set of software and methodological tools to support the process of teaching a particular academic subject (course) or its topic.

v Software and methodological support (PMO)- educational process - a complex, which includes: a software tool for educational purposes or a package of software tools for educational purposes; instruction for the user of the software for educational purposes or the package of software for educational purposes; description of the methodology (guidelines) on the use of software for educational purposes or a package of software for educational purposes.

v Software tool (PS) for educational purposes- a software tool that reflects a certain subject area, to some extent implements the technology of its study, provides conditions for the implementation of various types of educational activities. PS for educational purposes is intended for use in the educational process, in the preparation, retraining and advanced training of educational personnel, in order to develop the personality of the student, intensify the learning process. The use of PS for educational purposes is focused on: solving a specific educational problem that requires its study and (or) resolution ( problem-oriented PS ); performing some activity with the object environment ( object-oriented PS ); carrying out activities in some subject environment ( domain-specific PS).

v Program for the formation of universal educational activities- a program designed to regulate various aspects of the development of meta-subject skills, i.e., methods of activity applicable within the framework of both the educational process and in solving problems in real life situations; contains a description of value orientations at each level of education; description of the continuity of the program for the formation of universal educational activities at the levels of general education; connection of universal educational activities with the content of educational subjects; characteristics of personal, regulatory, cognitive, communicative universal learning activities (FGOS).

v Profession there is an activity that has its own purpose, having its own product, norms and means, which, ultimately, are determined by the social function and technology of the sphere of public life that this activity serves (E.I. Rogov).

v Professional Competence- a set of individual personality traits, consisting in a specific sensitivity to the object, means, conditions of pedagogical work and the creation of productive models for the formation of the desired qualities in the student's personality (L.V. Zanina, N.P. Menshikova).

v Personal professionalism- a set of psychophysiological and personal changes that occur in it in the process of mastering and long-term performance of activities, providing a qualitatively new, more effective level of solving complex professional problems in special conditions (E.I. Rogov).

v Professional and pedagogical communication- the interaction of the teacher-educator with his colleagues, students and their parents, with representatives of the educational authorities and the public, carried out in the field of his professional activity, going beyond the contact "teacher-student" and involves the interaction of the teacher with other subjects of the pedagogical process (A. A. Lobanov).

v Professional and pedagogical mistake- unintentional incorrectness of specific education procedures, manifested in the discrepancy between these procedures and generally accepted standards of professional pedagogical activity (V.A. Mizherikov, T.A. Yuzefavicius).

v Professional self-development- the process of integrating external professional training and internal movement, the personal development of a person (V.A. Slastenin).

v Professional self-development of a master teacher- a continuous process of improving one's "I", professional qualities and abilities, creative self-realization, which is a means of self-knowledge and transformation of the inner world (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Psychodiagnostics- a branch of personality psychology, the subject of which is the assessment of the potential abilities of specific individuals or their types for certain types of activities.

v Disclosure of the objective foundations of the system of K.S. Stanislavsky, creates an awareness by the teacher of various aspects of artistic action and creativity (director's idea, actor's reincarnation) as a special professional-pedagogical, cultural and communicative form (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Text editors- programs for preparing and editing texts on a computer.

v Respondent(from the English respondent - respondent) - a research participant as a respondent. Depending on the nature of the study, R. acts in different capacities: the subject, the client, the informant, the patient, the interlocutor, etc. (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v speech culture- the possibility of the entire language system, which expresses the specific content in each real situation of speech communication, develops the ability to select and use language means in the process of speech communication, helps to cultivate a conscious attitude to their use in speech practice (A.N. Ksenofontova).

v speech culture- personal culture that develops on the basis of the principle of objectively existing links between language and cognitive processes, which implies a sense of style, developed taste and erudition (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Speech etiquette- an element of the teacher's skill, consisting of a set of speech formulas, rules and quality of pedagogical speech used in his professional activities in solving pedagogical problems in various situations (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Reflection- self-knowledge in the form of reflections on one's own experiences, sensations, thoughts.

v Reflection in pedagogy - the process and result of the participants fixing the essential features of its development, self-development, as well as determining the motives for their appearance (S.D. Yakusheva).

v self-education- systematic and conscious human activity aimed at self-development and the formation of a basic culture of the individual (IP Podlasy).

v self-knowledge- the process of knowing oneself, one's potential and actual properties, personal, intellectual characteristics, character traits, one's relationships with other people, etc. (V.G. Maralov).

v Self-knowledge as a process- discovery in oneself of any qualities, personal and behavioral characteristics, fixing them, comprehensive analysis, evaluation and acceptance (V.G. Maralov).

v Self- the integral quality of the personality, the ability of the teacher to professional self-development, self-knowledge, self-determination, self-realization, self-regulation and self-improvement (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Sensory- technique for designing and using sensors of physical parameters.

v Synergy of pedagogical impact- the result of the combined action of its constituent factors and (or) influences, in which the summed effect exceeds the action exerted by each of them separately.

v Synergistic reflection in the educational process - a reflection of the influence of the teacher on the student (scientific teaching) and the student on the teacher (self-determination, co-creation) through a communicative channel, which is formed with the resonance of multidirectional reflection and the achievement of unison through: mastery, thinking, self-observation, self-analysis and self-organization (S.D. Yakushev).

v System of learning aids (LMS), which includes teaching aids operating on the basis of NIT (LAT based on NIT), - a set of interconnected and interacting (and within the framework of the methodology for their use) elements and (or) components of the system that form a certain integrity , unity. MTR component- an integral part of the SSO, filled with subject content; MTR element- an integral part of the CCO, invariant with respect to filling. The composition of the SSO system: teaching aids designed to support the process of teaching a subject (course), including software and methodological support; object-oriented software systems designed to form an information culture; educational, demonstration equipment interfaced with a computer, allowing the trainee to implement the range of SNIT capabilities (control real objects, input and manipulate textual and graphic information, receive and use information about the controlled physical parameter or process for educational purposes); artificial intelligence systems designed to organize the process of self-learning; subject-oriented environments for teaching and developing purposes.

v System(in the subject area) - a set of interrelated elements, each of which is connected directly or indirectly with each other element, and any two subsets of this set cannot be independent without violating the integrity, unity of the system.

v Database management system (DBMS)- a set of software and language tools designed to manage data in a database, maintain this database, and provide multi-user access to data.

v Modern teacher- a bright personality, a creative person, capable of developing personal and intellectual culture, innovative creative thinking, self-knowledge and understanding, able to solve problem situations, as well as to interest and captivate the process of self-development (S.D. Yakusheva).

v Sociogram- a special scheme depicting a picture of interpersonal relationships in a group or class team, identified through special studies.

v Means of informatization of education- means of new information technologies jointly (used together) with educational-methodical, normative-technical and organizational-instructive materials that ensure the implementation of the optimal technology for their pedagogically expedient use.

v Data sorting- ordering data according to a certain attribute.

v Formation- the acquisition of new features and forms in the process of development, approaching a certain state. We can talk about the formation of character, personality, thinking (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v The formation of the personality of the teacher- a continuous process of personality development in the aspect of socialization, self-knowledge and self-improvement of the essence of "I", the variability of the transformations of the vectors of professional skill (S.D. Yakusheva).

v the formation of the inner world of the individual based on the epistemological, emotional, spiritual and creative-creative sphere is fundamental for the development of the ability to transform, empathy, co-creation, empathy, expressiveness, expressiveness and the art of self-expression in the professional and pedagogical activity of S.D. Yakushev).

v Structure(systems) - a set of stable links, ways of interaction of the elements of the system, which determines its integrity and unity.

v The structure of the pedagogical process- a set of its constituent parts, corresponding to the components of the ped. systems. Components: target, content, operational and activity, evaluative and effective (G.M. Kodzhaspirova).

v Lesson structure- a set of lesson elements that ensure its integrity and the preservation of the main characteristics with various combinations. These elements include: organization of the beginning of the lesson, goal setting and lesson tasks, explanation, consolidation, repetition, homework, summing up the lesson. The type of lesson is determined by the presence and sequence of structural parts.

v Subjects of the educational process- students, their families, social and professional groups, administrative institutions and civil society institutions (FSES).

v Tact- this is a sense of proportion, creating the ability to behave in a decent, appropriate way (S.I. Ozhegov).

v Creation- thinking in its highest form, going beyond the limits required for solving the problem that has arisen by already known methods.

v Creative activity- an activity in which creativity as a dominant component is included in the structure of either its goals or methods.

v Creativity pedagogical- the development and implementation by the teacher in the constantly changing conditions of the educational process, in communicating with children of optimal and non-standard ped. solutions. T. p. characterizes the teacher's deep and comprehensive knowledge and their critical processing and comprehension; the ability to translate theoretical and methodological provisions into ped. actions; ability to self-improvement and self-education; development of new methods, forms, techniques and means and their original combinations; dialectic, variability, variability of the system of activity; effective application of existing experience in new conditions; the ability to reflectively assess one's own activity and its results, to form an individual style of professional activity based on the combination and development of standard and individually unique personality traits of a teacher; the ability to improvise based on knowledge and intuition; the ability to see the "fan of options."

v Thesaurus- 1) linguistic dictionary of the language with complete semantic information; 2) a complete systematic set of data on c.-l. a field of knowledge that allows a person or a machine to freely navigate in it; 3) a dictionary of the academic discipline, the state educational standard.

v Theory of education- a section of pedagogy that reveals the essence, patterns, driving forces of education, its main structural elements and methodology.

v Theory of general development in the learning process(L.V. Zankov) - the theory of developmental learning, assuming a high theoretical level of learning difficulty; fast pace of learning, continuous repetition of educational material in new conditions (accompanying repetition and consolidation); education in students of positive motivation for learning and cognitive interests; humanization of the relationship between teachers and students in the educational process; linear construction of training programs.

v Tolerance(from lat. tolerantia - patience) - the absence or weakening of the response to c.-l. an unfavorable factor as a result of a decrease in sensitivity to its effects; the ability of a person to withstand all sorts of life difficulties without losing psychol. adaptation. For example, T. to anxiety is manifested in an increase in the threshold of emotional response to a threatening situation, and outwardly - in endurance, self-control, the ability to endure adverse effects for a long time without reducing adaptive capabilities. One of the most important professional qualities of a teacher. T. is based on the teacher's ability to adequately assess the real situation, on the one hand, and the ability to foresee a way out of the situation, on the other. The formation of T. in oneself is one of the important tasks of the teacher's professional education.

v training- a form of interactive learning, the purpose of which is to develop the competence of interpersonal and professional behavior in communication. It is one of the most important methods in the system of teacher training.

v Tuter- guardian.

v Managerial abilities- abilities, the structure of which enriches organizational and communication skills with excellent knowledge of the specifics of the phenonemes that are objects of control.

v Training Database (UBD), focused on a certain subject area, provides the ability to: form data sets, create, save and use data, information selected by conjunction and (or) disjunction of features; processing of available data sets, search (selection, sorting), analysis and modification of information according to given criteria; using a service technology module that allows you to use the image editor, text editor, control the results of the solution, regulate the work.

v Training Knowledge Base (UBZ), focused on a certain subject area, implies the presence of: A training database of a certain subject area and a teaching methodology focused on a certain model of the student. This provides: checking the correctness of the answers; formation of correct answers; management of the learning process.

v Educational and methodological complex (EMC) based on SNIT- teaching aids, including those functioning on the basis of NIT, together with educational and methodological materials (textbooks, teaching aids for students, teaching aids, recommendations for teachers), forming a kind of integrity, represented by a certain composition and structure. The structure of the teaching materials on the basis of SNIT is a certain relationship, the relative position of its components.

v Teacher facilitator- a teacher working in the paradigm of personality-oriented pedagogy and guided by the following guidelines in working with children: openness to one's own thoughts, feelings, experiences; encouragement, trust as an expression of the teacher's inner personal confidence in the abilities and abilities of students; "empathic understanding" (vision of the student's behavior, his reactions, actions, skills). The concept was introduced by K. Rogers.

v File- a named organized set of data on a magnetic storage medium.

v Factor- the reason, the driving force of any process, which determines its nature or its individual features.

. parental authority(from Lat auctoritas - power, strength) - the distinctive features of an individual or group, thanks to which they are trustworthy and can have a positive impact on the views and behavior of other people; the influence of parents on the beliefs and behavior of children is also recognized, based on deep respect and love for parents, trust in the high significance of their personal qualities and life experience, words and deeds.

. Adaptation(from Lat adaptatio (adapto) - I adapt) - the body's ability to adapt to various environmental conditions.

accreditation I (from French accreditation (accredo) - trust) - in the field of education - the procedure for determining the status of a higher educational institution, confirmation of its ability to train specialists at a level where there are no requirements in a particular direction (specialty).

. Acceleration(from Lat acceleratio - acceleration) - acceleration of the physical development of children, in particular growth, weight, earlier puberty.

. Asset ( from Lat activus - active, effective) - a group of pupils, members of a particular team who are aware of the requirements of the leader of the team, help him in organizing the life of the pupils, and show some initiative.

. Activity(in studies) - a characteristic of the features of the cognitive activity of the individual, consists in the conscious use of intensive methods, means, forms of mastering knowledge, developing skills and navichos.

. Andragogy(from gr androa - an adult and agogge - management) - a branch of pedagogy dealing with the problems of education, training and upbringing of adults.

. abnormal children(from gr anomalia (anomalos) - incorrect) - pupils who have significant deviations from the norms of physical or psychological development and require education and training in special educational institutions.

. Asceticism(from gr asketes - ascetic) - the extreme level of moderation, restraint, the rejection of material and spiritual blessings of life, the voluntary transfer of physical torment, difficulties.

. PhD(from lat aspirans - one who strives for something) - a form of training of scientific, pedagogical and scientific personnel.

. Audiovisual learning aids(from Latin audire - to listen and visualis - visual) - one of the means of educational technologies for teaching using developed audiovisual educational materials.

. Ball(from French balle - ball, ball) - the result of evaluating the educational activities of students in a conditionally formal reflection and numerical measurement.

. Didactic conversation- a teaching method that involves the use of previous experience of students in a certain field of knowledge and, on the basis of this, engaging them through dialogue in the awareness of new phenomena, concepts or reproduction already acquired.

. Types of education- general, polytechnic, professional. Types of human development - biological (physical), mental, social.

. Types of communication- verbal, manual (from Lat manualis - manual), technical, material, bioenergy.

. Outline problematic-creation by the teacher of a problem situation, assistance to students in isolating and "accepting" a problematic task, using verbal methods to enhance the mental activity of students aimed at satisfying cognitive interests.

. Requirement- a method of pedagogical influence on the consciousness of the pupil in order to cause, stimulate or slow down certain types of his activity. Types of requirements: demand-request, demand-trust, demand-approval, demand-advice, demand-hint, conditional demand, demand in game design, demand-condemnation, demand-mistrust, demand-threat.

. Education is comprehensive- education, which involves the formation of certain qualities in a person in accordance with the requirements of mental, moral, labor, physical and aesthetic education.

. Harmonious upbringing- education, which provides that the quality of the components of education (mental, moral, labor, physical, aesthetic) complement each other, enrich each other.

. Ecological education(from gr oikos - house, environment and logos - teaching) - the acquisition by a person of knowledge in the field of ecology and the formation of her moral responsibility for the preservation of the natural environment and reasonable coexistence with it.

. economic education- education, provides for the solution of the following tasks: the formation of economic thinking, mastery of economic knowledge, skills and habits of economic relations.

. Aesthetic education- the development of a person's sense of beauty, the formation of skills and abilities to create beauty in the surrounding reality, to be able to distinguish the beautiful from the ugly, to live according to the laws of spiritual beauty.

. moral education- education, involves mastering the norms and rules of moral behavior, the formation of feelings and beliefs, skills and abilities.

. legal education- the formation of a high legal culture among citizens, implies a conscious attitude of the individual to his rights and obligations, respect for the laws and rules of human society, readiness to observe and conscientiously fulfill certain requirements that express the will and interests of the people.

. physical education- education, aims to create optimal conditions for ensuring sufficient physical development of the individual, maintaining his health, mastering knowledge about the characteristics of the human body, f physiological processes occurring in it, acquiring sanitary and hygienic skills and skills in caring for one's own body, maintaining and developing it potencies.

. National upbringing- historically conditioned and created by the ethnos is a system of educational ideals, views, beliefs, traditions, customs aimed at the expedient organization of the activities of members of society, in the process of which the process of mastering the moral and spiritual values ​​of the people takes place, the connection and continuity of generations, the catholicity of the people is ensured.

. sexual education- mastering by the younger generation of ethics and culture in the field of gender relations, the formation of his needs to be guided by the norms of morality in relations between persons of the opposite sex.

. Gene(from gr genos - genus, origin, hereditary) - an elementary unit of heredity, a carrier of inclinations.

. Hygiene of educational work- a system of scientifically based rules for organizing the educational process, taking into account the necessary sanitary requirements.

. Dignity national- an ethical category that characterizes a person from the point of view of expanding the concept of spiritual values ​​beyond the limits of one's "I" and the combination of personal experiences, sensations with national values.

. Humanization of education- creating optimal conditions for the intellectual and social development of each pupil, revealing deep respect for a person, recognizing the natural right of an individual to freedom, social protection, development of abilities and manifestation of individuality, self-realization of physical, mental and social potentials, to create a socio-psychological filter against destructive impacts of negative factors of the natural and social environment, education of young people's feelings of humanism, mercy, charity.

. Humanism(from Lat. humanus - human, humane) - a progressive direction of spiritual culture, exalts a person as the greatest value in the world, asserts a person's right to earthly happiness, protection of the rights to freedom, comprehensive development and manifestation of one's abilities.

. dalton plan- a form of organization of education that provided for such a technology: the content of the educational material for each discipline was divided into parts (blocks), each student received an individual task in the form of a plan, independently worked on its implementation, reported on the work, gaining a certain number of points, and then received the next task. At the same time, the teacher was assigned the role of an organizer, a consultant. Students were transferred from class to class not after the end of the academic year, but depending on the degree of mastery of the program material (C-4 times a year).

. Democratization of education- principles of organization of the educational system, providing for decentralization, autonomy of educational institutions, ensuring cooperation between educators and pupils, taking into account the opinion of the team and each individual, defining a person as the highest natural and social value, forming a free creative personality.

D demonstration- a teaching method that provides for the display of objects and processes in their natural form, dynamics.

. State standard of education- a set of uniform norms and requirements for the level of educational training in certain educational institutions.

. Deviant behavior- (from Lat deviatio - deviation) - deviation from the established norms of morality and law.

. deduction I (from Lat deductio - inference) - the transition from general concepts about a subject of a certain type to private, partial knowledge.

. Definition(from Lat definitio - definition) - a short, logically motivated definition that reveals significant differences or features of a particular concept.

. Didactics(from gr didaktikos - I teach) - a branch of pedagogy that develops the theory of education and training.

. Discussion(from the Latin discussio - consideration, research) - a teaching method aimed at intensifying and effectiveness of the educational process through the vigorous activity of students (students) in search of a scientific truth.

. Dispute- reception (according to the method of persuasion) the formation of beliefs and conscious behavior through disputes, discussions in the process of verbal communication with members of the primary team or another group.

. Thesis(from Lat. dissertatio - research) - a scientific work performed with the aim of its public defense in order to obtain a degree.

. Discipline(from Latin disciplina - teaching, education, routine) - a certain order of behavior of people, ensures the consistency of actions in social relations, the obligatory assimilation and implementation of the rules by the individual.

. Psychological and pedagogical diagnostics(from gr diagnostikos - capable of recognizing) - a branch of psychology and pedagogy that develops methods for identifying individual characteristics and prospects for the development and education of a person.

. Dogmatism(from GR dogma - a doctrine that is taken as an indisputable truth) - a way of assimilating and applying knowledge, in which a particular doctrine or position is perceived as a complete, eternal truth, as a rule, is applied without taking into account the specific conditions of life.

. home study work- a form of organization of education, which provides for the independent fulfillment by pupils (students) of educational tasks in extracurricular time (directly at home, in after-school groups, etc.) --

. Assistant professor(from lat docens - one that teaches) - the academic title of a teacher in a higher educational institution.

. external student(from Lat externus - external, outsider) - a form of education based on independent mastery of academic disciplines in accordance with the professional educational program in the chosen specialty.

. Elitist(from French elite - the best, selective (Latin eligo - I choose) - an educational institution that is distinguished by its influence, privileged position and prestige, high level of education.

. Aesthetics(from gr aistesis - sensation, feeling) - the science of beauty and its role in human life, about the general laws of artistic knowledge of reality, the development of art.

. Ethics(from Greek - habit, disposition) - a science that studies morality as a form of social consciousness, its essence, historical development.

ethnicization education (from gr ethos - people) - saturation of education with national content, aimed at the formation of national consciousness and national dignity of the individual, the formation of features of the national mentality, the education of young people's feelings of social responsibility for the preservation, enhancement and vitality of ethnic culture.

. Ethnopedagogy- a science that studies the features of the development and formation of folk pedagogy.

. The task of education- Ensuring the comprehensive harmonious development of the individual.

. Makings- genetically determined anatomical and physiological features of the brain and nervous system, which are individually a natural prerequisite for the process of development and personality formation.

. educational institutions- educational institutions that provide education and upbringing of the younger generation.

. Out-of-school establishments- children's educational institutions, whose activities are aimed at meeting the needs of a person in satisfying interests and inclinations, obtaining additional knowledge and skills for schoolchildren, developing intellectual potentials, and promoting the future professional choice of an individual. This group of institutions includes palaces and houses of children's and youth creativity, stations for young technicians, naturalists, sports, art, music schools, children's libraries, theaters, cinemas, children's iron shops.

. Habit- a way of behavior, the implementation of which in a certain situation acquires for the individual the character of internal needs.

. Patterns of the educational process- factors reflecting the necessary, essential, stable, recurring, common for a particular industry relationship between the phenomena of objective reality.

. Patterns of learning- factors that express the most necessary, essential, important, common for the organization of training.

. promotion- a method of education that provides for a pedagogical impact on the personality and expresses a positive assessment by the educator of the pupil's behavior in order to consolidate positive qualities and stimulate active activity.

. Means of education- property of material and spiritual culture (fiction and scientific literature, music, theater, radio, television, works of art, surrounding nature, etc.), forms and types of educational work (gatherings, conversations, conferences, games, etc.), which are used in the course of action of this or that method.

. Means of education- items of school equipment used in the process of educational work (books, notebooks, tables, laboratory equipment, stationery, etc.).

. Healthy lifestyle- human life activity, taking into account the characteristics and capabilities of one's body, ensuring socio-economic and biological conditions for its development and preservation.

. Knowledge- ideal expression in a symbolic form of objective properties and connections of the natural and human world; the result of a reflection of the surrounding reality.

. Ideal(from gr idea - idea, idea) - the concept of moral consciousness and the category of ethics, containing the highest moral requirements, the possible implementation of which would personally allow her to acquire perfection; the image of the abilsh valuable and majestic in man.

. Image(from English image - image, image) - the impression that a person makes on others, the style of his behavior, appearance, her manners. .

. Illustration(from Lat illustratio - I illuminate, explain) - a teaching method that involves showing objects and processes in their symbolic image (photos, drawings, diagrams, etc.)).

. Improvisation(from Lat improvisus - unpredictable, sudden) - the activity of the individual, the teacher-educator, is carried out in the process of pedagogical communication without prior preparation, comprehending.

. Individuality(from Lat individuum - indivisible) - a person "a person who is distinguished by a combination of features, qualities, originality of the psyche, behavior and activity, which emphasize its originality, originality.

. Induction(from Lat inductio - derivation) - a method of research, training associated with the movement of thought from the singular to the general.

. briefing(from Lat instructio - leadership) - "a method of training that provides for the disclosure of norms of behavior, features of the use of methods and training tools, compliance with safety precautions on the eve of involvement in the process of performing training operations.

. Intensification of the educational process(from French intensification (intensio) - tension) - activation of the mental capabilities of the individual to achieve the desired results.

. Internationalism(from lat inter - between and natio - people) - a moral concept that denotes a respectful attitude towards other peoples, their history, culture, language, the desire for mutual assistance.

. Infantilism(from lat infantilis - childish) - a delay in the development of the body, manifested in the preservation in an adult of the physical and mental traits characteristic of childhood.

. Categories of didactics(from gr Kategoria - statement, main and general feature) - general concepts that reflect the most essential properties and relationships of objects, phenomena of the objective world; category, a group of objects, phenomena, united by the commonality of certain signs.

. department(from gr kathedra - seat, chair): 1) a place for a teacher, a speaker, 2) in higher educational institutions - the main educational and scientific unit that carries out educational, methodological and research work with one or more related disciplines.

. Classification of methods- classification, which provides for the grouping of teaching methods depending on the sources of information, the logic of thinking, the level of independence in the process of cognition.

. Classroom teacher- a teacher who directly supervises the primary student team.

. Cloning(from gr klon - sprout, shoot) - a method of growing biological organisms from a single cell using cell culture.

. team- a socially significant group of people united by a common goal, act in concert to achieve this goal and have self-government bodies.

. Curriculum Component(school) - a list of academic disciplines that can be included in the working curriculum by decision of the council of the school (gymnasium, lyceum).

. Pedagogical Council(from Lat. consilium - meeting, meeting) - a meeting of educators and psychologists to find out the causes of various systematic deviations in the pet's behavior and determine the science-based west of the virgins of his re-education.

abstract t (from lat conspectus - review) - a short written summary of the content of a book, article, oral presentation.

. parenting concepts(from lat conceptio - set, system) - a system of views on certain phenomena, processes, a way of understanding, interpreting pedagogical phenomena; the main idea of ​​the theory of content and organization of human education.

. culture(from Lat kultura - upbringing, education, development) - a set of practical, material and spiritual achievements of society throughout its history.

. Kurata p (from Latin curator, from curare - to take care, to worry): 1) a trustee, guardian, 2) a person who is entrusted with the general supervision of some work, 3) a person who oversees the educational process in a student group .

. Lecture(from Latin lectio - reading) is a teaching method that involves the use of students' previous experience in a certain field of knowledge and, on the basis of this, engaging them through dialogue in understanding new phenomena, concepts or reproducing already acquired ones.

. Leader(from the English leader - the one that leads, manages) - a member of the team, in important situations, is able to exercise a noticeable influence on the behavior of other members of the team, take the initiative in actions, take responsibility for the activities of the team, lead it.

. Licensing(from Latin licentia - right, permission) - a procedure for determining the possibility of an educational institution of a certain type to conduct educational activities related to obtaining higher education and qualifications in accordance with the requirements of higher education standards, as well as state requirements regarding personnel, scientific, methodological and material technical support.

. License- special permission received from state bodies for various types of activities, including educational.

. The logic of the educational process- the optimally effective way of moving a person's cognitive activity from the initial level of knowledge, skills, abilities and development to the desired level of knowledge, skills, skills and development. It includes a number of components: awareness and understanding of educational tasks; independent activity aimed at mastering knowledge, defining laws and rules, developing skills and abilities to apply knowledge in practice; analysis and evaluation of learning activities of students.

. speech therapy(from gr logos - word and paideia - education, training) - a science that studies speech disorders and deals with the correction of speech defects.

. Man- a biological creature of the homo sapiens type (a thinking person), which is characterized by physiological and biological features: a straight gait, a developed cranium, forelimbs, etc.

. master(from Lat magister - boss, teacher) - an academic degree awarded in higher educational institutions.

. Master's degree(from Lat magistratus - dignitary, chief) - the governing body in higher educational institutions that train masters.

. Mastery pedagogical- perfect creative performance by the teacher-educator of professional functions at the level of art, resulting in the creation of optimal socio-psychological conditions for the formation of the personality of the pupil to ensure a high level of intellectual and moral and spiritual development.

. mentality(from it Mentalitnet, from Lat mentis - way of thinking, mental warehouse, soul, mind, thinking) - worldview, attitude, vision of oneself in the world, features of the manifestation of the national character, one's own day of character, attitude to the surrounding myrtle.

. The purpose of education- ideal prediction of the final results of education.

. Education methods(from gr methodos - way, way) ways of influence of the educator on the consciousness, will and behavior of the pupil in order to form his stable beliefs and certain norms of behavior.

. Research methods- methods, techniques and procedures for empirical and theoretical knowledge of the phenomena and processes of pedagogical reality.

. Teaching methods- ordered methods of activity of the teacher and students, aimed at the effective solution of educational problems.

. youth subculture- the culture of a certain generation of young people, which is distinguished by a common lifestyle, behavior, group norms, values ​​and interests.

. Monitoring(from English monitoring, from Latin monitor - one who looks after, observes) - 1) observation, assessment and forecast of the state of the environment in connection with human economic activity, 2) collection of information by means of mass communication 3) observation of educational and educational processes in order to determine whether they correspond to the desired result or previous assumptions.

. moral b (from Latin moralis - moral, from moris - custom) - one of the forms of social consciousness, a system of views and ideas, norms and assessments that regulate people's behavior.

. Teaching motives(from fr motif, from lat moveo - move) - internal mental forces (motors) that stimulate human cognitive activity. Types of motives: social, incentive, cognitive, professional value, mercantile line.

. Ownership- application of knowledge in practice, carried out at the level of automated actions through multiple repetitions.

. Suggestion- various means of verbal and non-verbal emotional impact on a person in order to introduce it into a certain state or encourage certain actions.

. Modular training(from Lat modulus - measure) - the organization of the educational process, which is aimed at mastering an integral block of adapted information and provides optimal conditions for the social and personal growth of the participants in her pedagogical process.

. Problem learning- learning, which is different in that the teacher creates a certain cognitive situation, helps students to highlight the problematic task, understand it and "accept" it; organizes students for independent mastery of the new volume of knowledge necessary for solving problems; offers a wide range of use of acquired knowledge in practice.

. distance learning- modern educational technology using means of transmitting educational and methodological information at a distance (telephones, television, computers, satellite communications, etc.)).

. Oligophrenopedagogy(from gr oligos - small and phren - mind and pedagogy) - a branch of pedagogical science that deals with the education and training of mentally retarded people.

. Optimization of the learning process(from Lat optimus - the best, the most) - the process of creating the most favorable conditions (selection of methods, teaching aids, provision of sanitary and hygienic conditions, emotional factors, etc.) for those received. Anna desired results without additional time and physical effort.

. Higher education- an education system that provides for the provision of fundamental, general cultural, practical training of specialists who should determine the pace and level of the scientific, technical, economic and socio-cultural process, the formation of the intellectual potential of societies.

. Preschool education- the initial structural component of the education system, which ensures the development and upbringing of children in the family and preschool educational institutions (nurseries, kindergartens).

. Out-of-school education- components of the education system aimed at meeting the needs of a person in satisfying interests and inclinations, obtaining additional knowledge, skills and abilities for children, developing intellectual potentials.

. Polytechnic education(from gr poly - a lot and techne - art, skill, dexterity) - one of the types of education, the tasks of which are to familiarize yourself with various branches of production, to know the essence of many technological processes, to master certain skills and skills in servicing simple technological processes.

. Professional education- education, aimed at mastering the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to perform the tasks of professional activity.

. Vocational education- education, ensures that citizens receive a certain profession in accordance with their vocation, interests and abilities, social preparation for participation in productive work.

. Secondary general education- the leading component of the education system, providing education and upbringing of children up to 18 years old, preparing them for vocational education and work.

. Education-media- a direction in pedagogy that provides for the study by schoolchildren (students) of the patterns of mass communications (press, television, radio, cinema, etc.)).

. Education- a measure of the cognitive activity of the individual, which is manifested in the level of knowledge gained, which can be used in practical activities.

personality b - socio-psychological concept; a person is characterized from a socio-psychological point of view, first of all, by the level of development of the psyche, the ability to assimilate social experience, the ability to mate with other people.

. Educational qualification characteristic- a set of basic requirements for the professional qualities, knowledge and skills of a specialist necessary for the successful performance of his professional functions.

. orthodox(from gr orthodoxos - orthodox) - a person who unswervingly adheres to a certain doctrine, doctrine, system of views.

. Memory- the ability of the body to store and reproduce information about the external world and its internal state for its further use in the process of life.

. Paradigm(from gr paradeigma - example, sample) - recognition of scientific achievements, which for a certain time provide the community with models for posing problems and solving them.

. Pedagogy(from gr paidec - children; ano - I lead) - the science of training, education and upbringing of people in accordance with the needs of the socio-economic development of society.

. Waldorf Pedagogy- a set of methods and techniques of education and training based on anthroposophical (anthroposophy - a religious and mystical teaching, puts in place. God deified man) interpretation of human development as a holistic interaction of bodily, mental and spiritual factors.

. Folk Pedagogy- a branch of empirical pedagogical knowledge and folk experience, reflecting views on the system, directions, forms, means of education and training of the younger generation.

. Pedology(from gr pais - child and logos - teaching) - the science of the child, the features of its anatomical, physiological, mental and social development.

. Pedocentrism(from gr pais (pados) - child, lat centrum - center) is one of the areas of pedagogy, which claims that the content, organization and methods of teaching are determined by the direct interests and problems of children.

. re-education- a system of educational influences of a teacher on a pupil in order to inhibit negative manifestations in behavior and affirm positive qualities in activity.

. Belief- the rational moral basis of the activity of the individual, allows her to carry out a certain act consciously; the main moral attitude that determines the purpose and direction of a person's actions, a firm belief in h for some reason, based on a certain idea, worldview.

. perspective- the goal, "tomorrow's joy" (AC. Makarenko), which acts as an incentive for the activities of the team and its individual members.

. Textbook- an educational book, which discloses the content of educational material in a particular discipline in accordance with the requirements of the current program.

. An integrated approach to education- an approach to education, which implies the unity of goals, objectives and means of achieving it through the activities of various social institutions (families, educational institutions, the media).

. Training plan- a normative document that defines for each type of general education educational institutions a list of subjects, the order of their study by year, the number of hours per week allotted for their study, the schedule of the educational process.

. Extracurricular educational work- measures of an educational nature, which are carried out in general education educational institutions under the guidance of teachers-educators.

. Extracurricular work- various types of independent educational work of students within the framework of the system of education and upbringing (home study work, excursions, circle work, etc.)).

. Training manual- an educational book in which the content of the educational material is disclosed, which does not always meet the requirements of the current program, but goes beyond its limits, additional tasks are defined aimed at expanding the cognitive interests of students, developing their independent cognitive activity.

. accustoming- organization of systematic and regular performance by pupils of certain actions with elements of coercion, obligation in order to form stable behavioral habits.

. parenting reception- a component of the method, determines the way to implement its requirements.

. Reception training- a component of the method, certain one-time actions aimed at implementing its requirements.

. Example- a method of education that provides for the organization of a role model in order to optimize the process of social inheritance.

. Principles of education(from lat rginsirium - basis, beginning) - initial provisions that are the foundation of the content, forms, methods, means and techniques of the educational process.

. Principles of Education(from lat rginsirium - basis, beginning) - the initial provisions underlying the activity of the entire education system of Ukraine and its structural subdivisions.

. Management principles- initial provisions that determine the main directions, forms, means and methods of managing general education educational institutions.

pedagogical prognosis(from gr prognostike - the art of making a forecast) - a field of scientific knowledge that considers the principles, patterns and methods of forecasting for objects that are studied by pedagogy.

. Educational program- a normative document that describes the content of the educational material with the definition of sections, topics, the approximate number of hours for their study.

. Professiogram- description of the requirements, socio-psychological and physical personal qualities that a certain profession puts forward . Profession(from Lat professio - officially indicated occupation) - a type of labor activity that requires certain knowledge and labor skills and is a source of existence, vital activity.

. Psychotechnics- direction in psychology, develops questions of applying knowledge about the mental activity of a person in the process of solving practical problems of educating a person's personality.

. Rada of a general educational educational institution- an association of employees of a general education institution, students, parents and the public, which operates between the general meeting (conference) to resolve social, organizational and economic issues and the life of a general education educational institution.

. Rada pedagogical- association of teachers of an educational institution in order to consider the issues of organization and improvement of the educational process.

. Rating(from English rating - assessment, class, category) - an individual numerical indicator in the education system, an assessment of the successes, achievements, knowledge at a particular moment of an individual in a certain area, discipline, allows you to determine the level of such achievements or the quality of knowledge in other areas.

retardation(from Lat retardatio - delay, slowdown) - the lag of children in development.

. abstract(from Lat. refeire - to report, report) - a summary of the content of the book read, scientific work, a message based on the results of the scientific problem studied.

. Levels of Education- the gradual acquisition of general education and vocational training through the passage of certain stages: primary education, basic general education, complete secondary education, vocational education, basic and higher education, higher education.

. Development of physical- the growth of a biological organism as a result of cell division.

. Driving Force of Development- the result of contradictions between biological, physical and mental needs and the existing level of physical, mental and social development of the individual.

. The driving force of the educational process- the result of contradictions between the socio-psychological and physiological needs and the existing level of upbringing of the individual.

. The driving force of the educational process- the result of contradictions between cognitive and practical tasks, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the existing level of knowledge, skills and abilities, on the other.

. self-education- systematized and purposeful activity of the individual, aimed at the formation and improvement of its positive qualities and overcoming negative ones.

. Synthesis- a method that provides for a mental or practical combination of elements or properties of an object or phenomenon identified by analysis into a single whole.

. Education system- a set of educational institutions, scientific, scientific, methodological and methodological institutions, research and production enterprises, state and local educational authorities and self-government in the field of education.

. Scout(from the English scout - scout) - one of the systems of out-of-school education, which is the basis of the activities of children's and youth scout organizations. Originated at the beginning of the 20th century. Scout organizations for boys (ibo scouts) and girls (girl scouts) operate separately.

. Family- socio-psychological association of close relatives (parents, children, grandparents) living together and providing biological, social and economic conditions for procreation.

. aesthetic tastes- a stable, emotional and evaluative attitude of a person to the beautiful, which has a selective, subjective character.

. Heredity- the ability of biological organisms to transmit certain inclinations to their offspring.

. Speciality- necessary for society, the scope of the physical and spiritual forces of a person is limited, which gives it the opportunity to obtain the necessary means for life, a complex of knowledge and practical skills acquired by a person to engage in a certain type of activity.

. Communication pedagogical- the system of organic socio-psychological influence of the teacher-educator and pupil in all spheres of activity, has certain pedagogical functions, is aimed at creating optimal socio-psychological conditions for the active and productive life of the individual.

. Observation- a teaching method that involves the perception of certain objects, phenomena, processes in the natural and industrial environment without outside interference in these phenomena and processes.

. Collective and creative affairs- a form of extra-curricular educational activities, in the preparation and conduct of which all members of the children's team take part, and each student has the opportunity to identify and develop their interests and capabilities.

. Stage development of the team- an expression of the internal dialectic of its formation, which is based on the level of relationships between the educator and pupils, between members of the team.

. Democratic style(from gr demokratia - the power of the people, democracy) - taking into account the opinion and freedom of the team in organizing the life of pupils.

. Style liberal(from lat liberalis - free) - an unprincipled indifferent attitude to the negative influences of pupils, connivance with students.

. Process structure skill- a number of interrelated and interdependent components: perception (direct, indirect), understanding (awareness, comprehension, insight), memorization, generalization and systematization, stratification, effective practice as an impetus to cognition and a criterion for the truth of the knowledge gained.

. The structure of the upbringing process- logically interconnected components that ensure the process of personality formation: mastering the rules and norms of behavior, the formation of feelings and beliefs, the development of skills and habits in these behaviors, practical activities in social environments.

. Deaf pedagogy(from Lat surdus - deaf and pedagogy) - a branch of pedagogy (in particular defectology), dealing with the problems of development, education and upbringing of children with hearing impairments.

. Pedagogical tact(from Lat tactus - touch, feeling) - a sense of proportion, a sense of the specific state of the pet, which prompts the educator a delicate way of behavior in communicating with students in various fields of activity; VMI innya to choose the most appropriate approach to the individual in the system of educational relations with her.

. Talent(from gr talanton - weight, measure) - a set of abilities that make it possible to obtain a product of activity that is distinguished by novelty, high perfection and social significance.

. Tests(from English test - test, research) - a system of formalized tasks to identify the level of preparedness of students (students), mastering this knowledge, skills, and habits.

. Pedagogical technique(from gr technike - skillful, experienced) - a set of rational means and behavioral characteristics of a teacher-educator aimed at the effective implementation of the methods and techniques of educational work chosen by him with an individual student or the entire class team in accordance with the goal of the educator and specific objective and subjective prerequisites (skills in the field of speech culture; possession of your body, facial expressions, pantomime, gestures, the ability to dress, monitor your appearance, compliance with the pace and rhythm of work, the ability to communicate; possession of psychotechnics).

. Type of training- the method and features of the organization of human mental activity. In the history of school education, the following types of education have been distinguished: dogmatic, explanatory-illustrative, and problem-based.

. The type of training is dogmatic- type, which is characterized by the following features: the teacher communicates to students a certain amount of knowledge in finished form without explanation; students memorize them without awareness and understanding and almost verbatim recite what they have learned by heart.

. The type of training is explanatory and illustrative- this type, which consists in the fact that the teacher tells students a certain amount of knowledge, explains the essence of phenomena, processes, laws, rules, etc., using illustrative material; students are known to assimilate the proposed share of knowledge and reproduce at the level of deep understanding; be able to apply knowledge in practice.

. Tiflopedagogy(from gr typhlos - blind and pedagogy) - a branch of pedagogy (in particular defectology) about the features of the upbringing and education of children with visual impairments.

. Skill- the ability of a person to consciously perform a certain action based on knowledge, the willingness to apply knowledge in practical activities based on consciousness.

. persuasion- one of the techniques of the method of persuasion, aimed at preventing the deliberate actions of the pupil in order to slow them down, taking into account the individual characteristics of his socio-psychological development.

. Lesson- a form of organization of education, according to which the teacher conducts classes in a classroom with a constant composition of students with approximately the same level of physical and mental development, according to the established timetable and regulations.

. biological inheritance- the process of obtaining by future generations from biological parents due to the gene-chromosomal structure of certain inclinations.

. social inheritance- the process of assimilation by the child of the socio-psychological experience of parents and the environment (languages, habits, behavioral characteristics, moral and ethical qualities, etc.)).

A teacher is a specialist who has special training and carries out training and education of the younger generation.

. Parenting Factors(from Latin Factor - what does) - objective and subjective factors that influence the definition of the content, directions, means, methods, forms of education.

. Fetish(from French fetiche - amulet, magic): 1) an inanimate object, which, according to believers, is endowed with supernatural magical power and serves as an object of religious worship, 2) an object of blind worship.

. Forms of study(from lat forma - appearance, device) - organization of educational activities of students, clearly expressed in time and space, associated with the activities of the teacher:

bell lancaster- a form of organization of training, which consists in the fact that one teacher supervised the educational activities of a large group of students (200-250 people), involving older students (monitors) in this work, the teacher first taught the monitors, and then they taught their comrades in small groups ("mutual learning")nya");

brigade-laboratory- a form of organization of training, which consists in the fact that the class is divided into brigades (5-9 people each), headed by elected foremen; training assignments are given to the brigade, which should work on them and will complete them; the success of educational work is determined by the quality of the foreman's report

. Group a - teaching by a teacher a group of students who are at different levels of age and mental development without observing the schedule and regulations;

individual- teacher teaching only one student. Forms of work of the class teacher - individual, group, frontal, verbal, practical, subject.

. Formation(from Lat formo - I form) - the formation of a person as a person, which occurs as a result of development and education and has certain signs of completeness.

. Functions of the class teacher- provide conditions for the comprehensive harmonious development of schoolchildren, coordinate the activities of all educators in the implementation of national education, study the individual characteristics of students in the class, organize a primary children's team, take care of strengthening and maintaining the health of schoolchildren, form the skills of thoroughness and discipline of schoolchildren, organize extracurricular educational work that , work with parents, achieve unity of requirements for pupils, maintain class documentation.

. Team Functions- organizational, stimulating, educational.

Learning functions (from the Latin functio - performance, performance) - functions that provide for the implementation of educational, educational and developmental actions.

. Functions of Pedagogy(from Lat functio - execution, commission) - clearly defined areas and activities related to the tasks of the comprehensive harmonious development of the individual.

. Family Functions- biological (reproductive), social, economic.

. Function ( from Latin y functio - execution, commission) - a way of action of a thing or element of a system, aimed at achieving a certain effect. The function of the family is aimed at solving biological (reproductive), social and economic problems in the system of continuation of the maternity hospital.

furcations(from lat furcatus - separate) - the construction of curricula in the upper grades of general education educational institutions in certain profiles - humanitarian, physical and mathematical, natural, etc. - with a preference for one or another group of academic disciplines.

. moral values ​​universal to mankind- acquired by previous generations, regardless of race, nationality or religion, moral and spiritual acquisitions that determine the basis of the behavior and life of an individual or defined jointly.

. Moral national values- views, beliefs, ideals, traditions, customs, rituals, practical actions based on universal values, historically conditioned and created by a certain ethnic group, but reflect certain national manifestations, originality in behavior and serve as the basis for the social activity of people of a separate ethnic group.

. Small school- a school without parallel classes with a small contingent of students.

school studies- a branch of pedagogy that studies the tasks, content and methods of school management, the system of management and organization of the activities of general educational educational institutions.

Acmeology- a science that studies the laws of the mental development of a person during his heyday, the highest ("peak") achievements (acme), the psychological mechanisms of self-improvement of the individual and the acquisition of social and personal maturity. Acmeology also explores subjective and objective factors that contribute to the achievement of the heights of professionalism.

Activity- general characteristics of living beings; property of the psyche; personality property. Activity is a condition for the formation, manifestation of the modification of the psyche, personality. Early and preschool childhood is characterized by the development of such basic types of activity as physical, mental, social. The activity of the child is inextricably linked with training, the development of self-regulation. Activity and its self-regulation are considered significant internal conditions of giftedness (N. S. Leites).

Amplification of child development (from lat. amplificatio- distribution, increase) - enrichment, the maximum deployment of those valuable qualities in relation to which the given age is most favorable, receptive. Amplification involves the development of the child mainly in "specifically children's" activities (A. V. Zaporozhets).

Affect(from lat. affectus- emotional excitement, passion): 1) in the narrow sense - a strong, rapidly flowing and relatively short-term emotional state, not controlled by consciousness and arising in critical conditions with the inability to find an adequate way out of an unexpected situation; 2) in a broad sense - a general characteristic of the emotional, sensual sphere, in contrast to the cognitive one (affect and intellect, affective and cognitive).

Leading activity - the type of activity that causes the most important changes in the psyche, the emergence of neoplasms at the stage of its development; activities that most contribute to the mental development of the child in a given period of his life, leading the development behind him (A.N. Leontiev). Each age is characterized by its leading activity. In infancy, it is direct emotional and personal communication, in the early years - subject-tool activity, in preschool - play, in junior school - educational, in adolescence - intimate personal communication with peers, in senior school, in youth - educational and professional activities ( according to D. B. Elkonin).

Age sensitive - the period most favorable for the effective development of specific mental functions, especially sensitive to a certain type of environmental influence.

Perception- a mental cognitive process, which is a reflection in the mind of objects and phenomena of the material world with their direct impact on the senses.

Gender differences - such differences concern not only primary and secondary sexual characteristics, but also neuropsychological characteristics, cognitive, emotional spheres, social roles and behavior patterns, mental qualities. So, in boys, compared to girls, large motor skills are better developed, in girls - fine motor skills. Female representatives have a larger vocabulary, higher fluency and speed of speech than males. Girls begin to draw earlier than boys and are more willing to do it, they are able to express more subtle judgments about art. They are characterized by greater sensitivity, they are more inclined to turn to authorities, feel more confident and are more active in situations related to communication than boys. It has now been revealed that children of different sexes perceive and process information (positive) differently, include different cortical systems, which largely determines their different emotional attitudes to the perceived world and its division. Accounting for gender differences in the upbringing and educational process is an important condition for increasing its effectiveness.

Humanism(from lat. humanus- human) - a set of worldviews that express respect for the dignity and human rights to freedom, happiness, all-round development and manifestation of one's abilities.

Humanistic psychology - one of the directions of modern psychological science, recognizing as its main subject a holistic personality in the process of its self-development. According to the concept developed by representatives of humanistic psychology (A. Maslow, K. Rogers, S. Buller, etc.), the main thing in a person is his aspiration to the future, to personal growth and self-improvement, to the free realization of his capabilities, especially creative ones.

Deprivation- a mental state that occurs in such life situations where a person is not given the opportunity to satisfy significant needs for him sufficiently and for a sufficiently long time. D. is characterized by pronounced deviations in emotional and intellectual development, violation of social contacts.

Dialogical communication - communication based on the unconditional internal acceptance of each other as values ​​in themselves and focused on the uniqueness of each of the communication partners. Before. effective for mutual understanding, establishing friendly relationships.

differential psychology - the branch of psychological science that studies the psychological differences between individuals and groups of people, as well as the causes, sources and consequences of these differences.

Shyness - a personality trait that characterizes excessive modesty, a person's underestimation of his abilities and virtues, which negatively affects emotional well-being and communication with people.

Zone of proximal (potential) development - discrepancy in the difficulty of tasks solved by the child independently (current level of development) and under the guidance of an adult; The zone of proximal development is the area of ​​not mature, but maturing processes; is determined by those possibilities of the pupil, which he himself cannot yet realize at the present period, but which, thanks to cooperation with adults (or an older peer), will be his own property in the near future. The concept of the zone of proximal development was introduced by L. S. Vygotsky; it is widely used in developmental and educational psychology in solving problems of the relationship between learning and development.

A game- a type of unproductive activity, the main motive of which is not in the result, not in obtaining utilitarian things, but in the process itself. I. passes through the whole life of a person. In preschool childhood, it acquires the status of a leading activity. There are several types of children's games - role-playing (including directing), games with rules (including didactic, mobile), dramatization games. Of particular importance for the development of a preschooler is attached to a role-playing game in which children play the roles of adults in a generalized form, under specially created conditions (using substitute objects), reproduce the activities of adults and the relationship between them (D. B. Elkonin). In domestic psychology, the game is considered as a social activity both in origin and in content. The development of the play activity of a preschooler is largely determined by the adults interacting with them (parents, teachers). It is important that they treat the game not as an object of control, but as a condition for the development of the child, his creativity.

playing position - the quality of the personality, significant for game activity; a special attitude of an adult (parent, teacher) towards children, expressed with the help of game techniques; a complex formation that includes closely related reflection (the ability to see the real situation from the outside and isolate gaming opportunities in it), infantilization (the ability to establish trusting relationships with others), empathy (the ability to feel the game states of other people), activity (the ability to find non-standard ways to achieve the goal). The game position is based on the general principles of the game (self-worth, non-utility, voluntariness, game equality, etc.) and involves mastering the in-game language expressed in words, gestures, facial expressions, and plasticity. The formed game position ("partner", "director", "co-player", "coordinator") facilitates inclusion in a children's game, allows an adult to have a positive impact on its development through communication. The game position of the teacher is also significant for establishing an atmosphere of trust.

Identification (from lat. identufucare- identify) - identification of something, someone in the process of comparison, comparison of one object with another; assimilation, the process of unconscious identification of oneself with another person, group or model; as a mechanism of interpersonal cognition, I. involves transferring oneself into the space and time of another person.

Individual(from lat. ind.ividu.um- "indivisible") - a person as a single natural being, a representative, a product of phylo- and ontogenetic development, the unity of innate and acquired, a carrier of individually unique, primarily biologically determined, traits.

Individuality - the originality of a person as an individual and personality; the uniqueness of the combination of the qualities of a child (adult). Individuality is manifested in the external appearance of a person, the expressiveness of his movements, in the features of the course of mental processes and states, in character traits, temperament properties, the specifics of interests, needs, abilities, talents. The prerequisite for the formation of human individuality is the anatomical and physiological inclinations that are transformed, fully revealed in the process of education.

Individual approach - a psychological and pedagogical principle, which implies taking into account in the educational process the individual and personal characteristics of the educated (learned), the success of his activity, his style, living conditions. I. p. to the child (his parents) is an important condition for the humanization of the pedagogical process in a preschool institution (school); it is typical for a teacher with a personality-oriented model of behavior.

Individual style of activity - a system of relatively stable, individually unique methods and techniques for solving problems that arise in the process of different types of human activity. Individual style of activity arises as a result of internal and external factors. In the process of education, it is important to promote the development of a style of activity that would correspond to its individual characteristics, the specifics of the activity carried out by it. A pronounced individual style of activity gives originality to human activity, “colors” it in a special way, and often contributes to an increase in its effectiveness.

Intelligence(from lat. intellectus- understanding, cognition) - the totality of all cognitive processes of an individual (sensations, perceptions, ideas, memory, imagination, thinking); general ability to learn, solve problems, associated with success in any activity.

Climate socio-psychological (from gr. klima- slope) - the qualitative side of interpersonal relations, manifested in the form of a set of psychological conditions that contribute to or hinder productive joint activities and the development of the individual in a group. The socio-psychological climate is manifested in the prevailing mental states typical of group members, the sociometric structure of their relationships, cohesion, harmony of the group, etc.

Competence (from lat. competens - appropriate, capable) an individual characteristic of the degree of compliance with the requirements of the profession; a combination of mental qualities, a mental state that allows you to act responsibly and independently. There are several types of professional competence: special (ownership of professional activity proper at a sufficiently high level and the ability to design one's further professional development); social (ownership of joint professional activities, cooperation, methods of professional communication accepted in this profession, social responsibility for the results of one's professional work); personal (possession of methods of personal self-expression and self-development, means of confronting personality deformation); individual (possession of methods of self-realization and development of individuality within the framework of the profession, readiness for professional personal growth, the ability for individual self-preservation, the ability to rationally organize one's work, to carry it out without fatigue); extreme professional (willingness to work successfully in suddenly complicated conditions) (according to A.K. Markova).

Correction(from lat. correctio- correction) psychological - psychological and pedagogical impact on the psyche of an individual or on the socio-psychological state of a group (children's society) in order to prevent or mitigate shortcomings in the development of an individual (group).

Creativity - a personality trait, the ability for creativity and mental transformation.

age crisis - a transitional stage from one period of age development to another, characterized by intense qualities, systemic changes in social relations, activity and mental organization of a person.

Leader(from English. leader- leading) - a member of the group with direct and indirect psychological influence on the members of the group, recognizing his right to make decisions in significant situations.

Personal microenvironment - components of the social environment with which a person directly interacts and which most cause him emotional experiences. In the personal microenvironment of the child, first of all, there are people with whom he communicates “face to face” (father, mother, grandparents, brothers and sisters, teacher, peers), direct interaction with whom is especially significant for the development of his personality.

motive- an internal motivator of activity, giving it a personal meaning.

Thinking- a mental process characterized by a generalized and indirect reflection of reality. There are several types of thinking. According to the prevailing methods and mental processes included in thinking, they distinguish: visual-effective thinking, characterized by the fact that the solution of a problem, the acquisition of new knowledge for the subject is carried out by real action with objects, their transformations in a visually perceived situation; visual-figurative - is associated with the representation of situations and changes in them, is carried out with the help of images that recreate the variety of various characteristics of objects and phenomena; verbal-logical, characterized by the use of concepts, language means in the process of solving problems. Depending on the nature of the problem being solved, the content of thinking, there are: theoretical and practical thinking, technical, artistic, musical, etc.; according to the degree of development and awareness, thinking is discursive and intuitive; according to the degree of novelty and originality of solving problems and tasks - reproductive (reproducing) and creative.

Personal orientation - one of its most important properties; expressed in the system of leading motives of behavior, interests, ideals, beliefs.

Communication- a complex, multifaceted process of establishing and developing contacts between people, generated by the needs of joint activities and communication. O. is carried out by means of verbal (speech) and non-verbal (non-speech) means. The latter include facial expressions, gestures, gaze, posture, intonation of voice, spatial organization of communication, etc.

gifted child - a child with obvious, sometimes outstanding achievements (or having internal prerequisites for such achievements) in a particular type of activity, the intensity and brightness of which distinguish him from his peers; gifted children - children who show general or special talent (for music, drawing, technology, etc.).

Ontogenesis- individual development of the organism throughout its life.

Pragmatic position - installation of the individual on activities that bring practical benefits to him.

subject activity - activity in the course of which a person discovers the socially developed purpose of objects and ways of their application. Subject activity is leading at an early age.

Vocation- the life purpose and orientation of a person, giving expediency, meaningfulness and perspective of his activity.

Professionalism - high readiness to solve the problems of professional activity, the implementation of its functions. Professionalism is not reduced to a high level of skill, it is considered by an increasing number of researchers as a systemic education, a systemic organization of consciousness (E.A. Klimov, S.V. Kondratieva, A.K. Markova, etc.). The main differences between a professional and an amateur: the ability to predict the processes and phenomena that are in the area of ​​professional activity; understanding the essence of the subject of performance indicators; breadth of outlook, completeness of coverage of the subject of professional activity; degree of creativity, originality, novelty; the speed of the operation, the time for preparatory work (according to V. V. Petrusinsky). Peaks of professionalism, according to experts in the field of acmeology, a person reaches himself. Self-diagnosis, self-motivation, self-correction, self-confidence are of great importance in mastering professionalism.

Psyche(from Greek. psychikos- soul) - a property of highly organized matter - the brain, which performs orienting, controlling, adaptive, motivating and meaning-forming functions in behavior and activity.

Psychodiagnostics (from Greek. Psyche- soul and diagnostkos- able to recognize) - a field of psychology that develops methods for identifying and measuring individual psychological characteristics of a person, interpersonal interaction.

Psychological barrier - an internal obstacle of a psychological nature, expressed in inadequate passivity of a person and interfering with the performance of certain actions.

Health psychology - modern science about the psychological causes of health, about the methods and means of its preservation, strengthening and development. P. z. also includes the practice of maintaining human health from conception to death. Its main object is a "healthy" person.

Psychotherapy (from Greek. psych- soul and therapy- care, treatment) - a complex verbal and non-verbal therapeutic effect on a person with many mental, nervous and psychosomatic diseases.

Self-actualization (from lat. actualis- real, real) - deployment of the potential of the individual from himself; full and comprehensive realization by a person of his capabilities, talents, abilities (according to A. Maslow). The concept of S. is one of the main ones in humanistic psychology. Psychological health of a person is largely associated with self-actualization.

Self-regulation (from lat. regular - put in order, adjust) - expedient, relatively adequate to changing conditions, establishing a balance between the environment and the body; self-regulation of the educator - the teacher's management of his mental processes, his own behavior and psychophysical state with the aim of optimal action in difficult pedagogical situations and ensuring professional self-preservation. There are several stages of the process of self-regulation at the personal level: self-knowledge of the individual, acceptance of her personality, choice of the goal and direction of the self-regulation process, choice of methods of personal self-regulation, receiving feedback. The teacher's readiness for self-regulation contributes to success in his professional self-improvement, personal growth, and health preservation.

sensory parenting - a system of psychological and pedagogical influences aimed at. Mastering sensory standards and methods of sensitive cognition, perceptual actions significantly affects the development of sensations and perception in a child. According to A. V. Zaporozhets, sensory education should be carried out primarily within meaningful activities (manipulations with objects, labor, play, inventive, musical, constructive activities). There are other views on this process (M. Montessori).

Sensory standards - developed by mankind and generally accepted, verbally designated samples of the main varieties of external properties and qualities of objects (colors, sizes, pitches of sounds, etc.).

Socialization - the process and result of the assimilation and active reproduction of social experience by an individual, carried out in communication and activity.

Socio-psychological observation - the ability of a person to adequately perceive, understand and evaluate the communication of surrounding people with each other and their relationship to them.

social expectations - awareness and experience by the individual of his duties, the requirements that apply to him as the performer of a certain social role. The teacher seeks to meet the expectations of children, colleagues, parents, leaders.

Status sociometric - the position of the subject in the system of interpersonal relations of the group, which determines his rights, duties and privileges.

Stereotype- template, copy.

Stereotyping (from Greek. stereos- hard and typos- imprint) is one of the important characteristics of interpersonal and intergroup perception; the process of attributing similar features to all members of a social group (or community) without sufficient awareness of the possible (existing) differences between them.

Subject- an individual (or social group) having its own internal activity, acting, knowing, transforming reality, other people and oneself.

Temperament (from lat. temperamentum- the proper ratio of parts, proportionality) - the characteristic of the individual from the side of his dynamic features; individually peculiar set of dynamic manifestations of the psyche. The physiological basis of temperament is the type of higher nervous activity. IP Pavlov identified three main characteristics of the nervous system (strength, mobility, balance) and four main combinations of these properties: strong, unbalanced, mobile - "unrestrained" type; strong, balanced, mobile - "alive"; strong, balanced, inactive - "calm"; "weak" type. The “unrestrained” type underlies the choleric temperament, the “live” one is the sanguine one, the “calm” one is the phlegmatic one, the “weak” one is the melancholic one. Further studies of temperament revealed its other psychological properties: sensitivity (sensitivity), reactivity, activity, emotional excitability, plasticity and rigidity, extraversion and introversion, the pace of mental reactions. The entire composition of the properties of temperament does not arise immediately, but in a certain sequence, which is due both to the general laws of the maturation of higher nervous activity and the psyche as a whole, and to the specific laws of the maturation of each type of nervous system.

job satisfaction - a positively colored mental state of a person, arising on the basis of the correspondence of his hopes, expectations, needs, attitudes with the consequences and results of labor activity. Satisfaction with work is a prerequisite for the productivity of labor activity, a significant condition for maintaining and strengthening psychological health. Satisfaction with the work of a teacher is significantly influenced by the system of relations that has developed in the process of his professional interaction with pupils and their parents, with colleagues and leaders; socio-psychological climate in a preschool institution (school); availability of prospects for professional growth; working conditions, its organization; opportunities for creativity, self-actualization; performance evaluation by parents, colleagues, administration, encouragement (material, moral), etc.

Empathy(from Greek. empatheia- empathy) - a person's ability to empathize and sympathize with other people, to understand their internal states.

halo effect- distribution in conditions of lack of information about a person of a general evaluative impression of him on the perception of his actions and personal qualities.

"I-concept"- relatively stable, quite conscious, experienced as a unique system of a person's ideas about himself as a subject of his life and activity, on the basis of which he builds relationships with others, relates to himself, acts and behaves.

Note: You can download in one file (in .docx format) all the terms from this page.

Sources used:

1. Mardakhaev L.V. Dictionary of social pedagogy. - M., 2002.

2. Kodzhaspirov A.Yu., Kodzhaspirova T.M. Pedagogical dictionary: for students of higher and secondary ped. educational institutions. - M., 2002.

3. Bim-Bad B.M. Pedagogical encyclopedic dictionary. - M., 2002.

4. Kodzhaspirov A.Yu., Kodzhaspirova T.M. Pedagogical dictionary: for students of higher and secondary ped. Uch. Institutions. - M., 2005.

5. Russian encyclopedia in 2 volumes / Ed. V.V.Davydov. - M., 1998.

6. Kukushkin V.S. Introduction to pedagogical activity. - Rostov-on-Don, 2002.

Vocabulary:

Ø Analysis- a theoretical method of research opposite to synthesis, which consists in dismembering (mental or real) an object into elements. (one)

Ø Questionnaire- a type of survey based on the indirect interaction of the interviewer and the interviewee, in which the latter independently fills out a form containing a list of questions (questionnaire). (one)

Ø Conversation- one of the research methods, which involves obtaining information about the subject of study on the basis of verbal communication in a question-answer form, both from the person under study, members of the studied team, group, and from the people around them. (4)

Ø Validity- a comprehensive description of the research method, including information about whether the technique is suitable for measuring what it was created for, and what is its effectiveness, practical usefulness. (4)

Ø Upbringing- the process of purposeful personality formation in the conditions of a specially organized educational system that ensures the interaction of educators and educatees; purposeful educational activity aimed at the formation of certain qualities, properties and relationships of a person; providing the pupil with alternative ways of behavior in various situations, leaving him the right to choose and find his own way; the process and result of purposeful influence on the development of the personality, its relations, traits, qualities, attitudes, beliefs, ways of behaving in society; the process of purposeful conscious controlled socialization of the individual. (one)

Ø Upbringing- purposeful professional activity of the teacher, contributing to the maximum development of the child's personality, his entry into the context of modern culture, becoming a subject of his own life, the formation of motives and values; the process and result of purposeful influence on the development of the personality, its relations, traits, qualities, attitudes, beliefs, ways of behaving in society; a holistic, consciously organized process of personality formation and education in educational institutions by specially trained specialists; a purposeful, controlled and open system of educational interaction between children and adults, aimed at preparing the younger generations for life, the development and self-development of a person in certain cultural and socio-economic conditions. (2)

Ø pupil- a person who, on the one hand, is the object of educational interaction with a certain person (teacher, educator, parent) and (or) social environment (family, various teams), on the other hand, the subject of self-educational activity, because he has an active role in the formation of his personal qualities. (one)

Ø Hypothesis- (from Greek Hypothesis - base, assumption) scientifically substantiated assumption that needs further experimental and theoretical verification. (one)

Ø Humanitarianization – establishment of a harmonious balance between the natural and mathematical cycles in education with the aim of developing in each student a spiritually rich personality who can resist technocracy and inhumanity. (2)

Ø Deduction- (from lat. Deduction - derivation) the transition from general knowledge about the objects of a given class to a single (private) knowledge about a separate object of this class. (3)

Ø Democratization of education - the elimination of the state monopoly on education and the transition to a public-state system; a clear delineation of powers between centers, regions and local governments with the maximum transfer of management functions to the localities; the right of students to choose a school and profile of education, to home education and study in a non-state educational institution, to accelerated education and study according to individual curricula, to participate in the management of an educational institution; legal, economic and financial independence of educational institutions; the right of teachers to creativity, freedom of choice of concepts and technologies, textbooks and teaching aids, methods for assessing students' performance, participation in the management of an educational institution; municipalization of education (participation of local authorities and the local community in the management of education through municipal bodies and directly in the activities of educational institutions). (4)

Ø Decentralization (decentralization) of management in education – transfer by the center of part of the functions of managing the education system to regional, municipal and local self-government bodies. (2)

Ø Didactics- the theory of education and training, a branch of pedagogy. The subject of didactics is learning as a means of education and upbringing of a person, i.e. the interaction of teaching and learning in their unity, which ensures the assimilation of the content of education organized by the teacher by students. (2)

Ø Didactic games - games specially created or adapted for educational purposes. (4)

Ø Differentiation in teaching and in education - organization of educational activities of schoolchildren, in which, with the help of the selection of content, forms, methods, rates, volumes of education, optimal conditions are created for the assimilation of knowledge by each child; orientation of the education system to meet various educational needs. Differentiation can be external, internal, elective. (2)

Ø Knowledge- understanding, storing in memory and reproducing the facts of science, concepts, rules, laws, theories. Assimilated knowledge is distinguished by completeness, consistency, awareness and effectiveness. (4)

Ø Zone of actual development - a state in the development of the child, when the proposed task is focused on mature mental functions (the child can solve the task on his own). (4)

Ø Zone of Proximal Development - the discrepancy between the level of actual development and the level of potential development, the tasks offered to the child, he can solve himself with maximum effort or with the help of adults. (4)

Ø A game- one of the forms of manifestation of the activity of the individual, one of the types of activity. The essence of the game is unproductive conditional activity, the motive of which lies in the process itself. The game contributes to mental relaxation, stress relief, physical, mental and moral education of children. (4)

Ø Individualization of learning - organization of the educational process, taking into account the individual characteristics of students, allowing you to create optimal conditions for the realization of the potential of each student. (1) Individualization of learning is carried out in the context of collective learning within the framework of common tasks and learning content. (2)

Ø Induction- the transition from a single knowledge about individual objects of a given class to a general conclusion about all objects of a given class; one of the methods of knowledge. (3)

Ø Interview- a method of obtaining socio-psychological information using an oral survey. 2 types: free, standardized. (2)

Ø Information technology - a set of technical and software tools for collecting, processing, storing and transmitting information. (4)

Ø Scientific research - the process of formation of new pedagogical knowledge, a type of cognitive activity aimed at discovering the objective patterns of training, education. Research is empirical, theoretical and methodological. (2)

Ø History of Pedagogy - a branch of pedagogical science that studies the state and development of the theory and practice of educating and educating the younger generation at different stages of the development of human society. (2)

Ø Classification– ordered division of a certain set of objects into classified groupings based on the use of an established system of signs for dividing a set of certain rules. (one)

Ø Convention on the Rights of the Child is the most important international act in the field of human rights. It consists of a preamble, three sections and 54 articles. Entered into force in the Russian Federation on September 15, 1990 (1)

Ø Specification- the return of thought from the general and abstract to the concrete for the purpose of a more definite, visual disclosure of the content. (one)

Ø Specific scientific level of methodology - initial theoretical concepts, basic patterns, principles, categories of science. (one)

Ø Construction – creation of new didactic materials, new forms and methods of organizing the pedagogical process. (2)

Ø Content analysis- a research method used in pedagogy, which consists in identifying and evaluating the specific characteristics of texts and other information carriers, in which, in accordance with the objectives of the study, certain semantic units of the content and form of information are distinguished. (4)

Ø Pedagogical control – a system of evidence-based verification of the results of education, training and upbringing. (4)

Ø Concentric way of constructing the curriculum - individual parts of the training material are repeated at an ever-expanding in-depth level. (4)

Ø Education concepts - a system of views on the content and duration of the study of basic academic disciplines in certain types of educational institutions, a certain way of understanding the goals, objectives, organization of educational programs.

Ø Linear construction of the curriculum - separate parts of the educational material form a continuous sequence of closely interconnected links: the content of knowledge is transmitted once in a certain logic. (4)

Ø Teaching method- a system of consistent interrelated actions of the teacher and students, ensuring the assimilation of the content of education. (5)

Ø Methodology- a branch of pedagogical science that studies the patterns, rules, techniques and methods of teaching a particular academic subject (carrying out educational activities). (one)

Ø Methodology- the doctrine of the scientific method of cognition; a set of cognitive means, methods, techniques used in any science; a field of knowledge that studies the means, prerequisites and principles of organizing cognitive and transformative activity. (1)

Ø Education methods - socially conditioned ways of pedagogically expedient interaction between adults and children, contributing to the organization of children's life, activities, relationships, communication, stimulating their activity and regulating behavior. (4)

Ø Research methods - techniques, procedures and operations of empirical and theoretical knowledge and study of the phenomena of reality. (one)

Ø Directed communication methods - methods of social pedagogy used in working with maladjusted children, pedagogically neglected children and adolescents, which consist in the use of metaphors, stories, fairy tales, proverbs, sayings, anecdotes, etc. in order to clarify the meaning of their problems and ways out of them. (4)

Ø Methods of control and self-control in education - ways to obtain information about the effectiveness of educational influences. Main methods: pedagogical observation, conversation, pedagogical consultation, surveys, analysis of the results of the pupils' activities, creation of control situations, psychodiagnostics, trainings. (4)

Ø Methods of control and self-control in training - methods of obtaining information by the teacher and students about the effectiveness of the learning process. Tasks: establishing readiness for the perception and assimilation of new knowledge, obtaining information about the nature of independent work in the learning process, identifying the causes of difficulties and errors, determining the effectiveness of the organization, methods and means of training. Identification of the degree of correctness, volume, depth of knowledge, skills, abilities. (4)

Ø Teaching methods- a system of successive interrelated actions of the teacher and students, ensuring the assimilation of the content of education, developing their mental strength and abilities, mastering the means of self-education and self-learning. (4)

Ø Methods of organizing activities and experience of behavior - ways to identify, consolidate and form in the experience of children positive ways and forms of behavior and moral motivation. The main methods: assignment, exercise, teaching, creating an educational situation. (4)

Ø Methods of organization and implementation of educational and cognitive activities - a group of teaching methods aimed at organizing the educational and cognitive activity of students, identified by Yu.K. Babansky and including all teaching methods existing in other classifications in the form of subgroups:

1. According to the source of information and perception:

Verbal teaching methods (according to the source of information) - story, lecture, conversation (heuristic catechetical, Socratic, hermeneutic), conference, discussion, explanations.

Visual methods - methods of illustrations, demonstrations.

Practical methods - exercises, laboratory experiments, work assignments.

2. According to the logic of thinking:

- Inductive Methods - the logic of disclosing the content of the studied material from the particular to the general.

- Deductive Methods - the logic of disclosing the content of the studied material from general to particular.

3. According to the degree of activity of students' cognitive activity:

- Reproductive learning methods - active perception, memorization and reproduction (reproduction) of the reported educational information by verbal, practical or visual methods and techniques.

- Problem-search teaching methods - the assimilation of knowledge, the development of skills and abilities is carried out in the process of partial search or research activities of students. It is implemented through verbal, practical and visual teaching methods, interpreted in terms of posing and resolving problem situations.

4. According to the degree of independence and leadership:

- Independent work - work performed by students on the instructions of the teacher and with direct (in the classroom, in self-study, in an extended day group) or indirect guidance; work performed on the student's own initiative.

Ø Methods of pedagogical research - a set of methods and techniques for understanding the objective laws of education, upbringing and development: document analysis, study of creative products, twin method, Rorschach method, modeling, observation, generalization of independent characteristics, survey, conversation, interview, projective methods, experimental work, ranking, rating , rating-scaling, sociometry, terminological method, testing, experiment. (4)

Ø Methods of self-education - methods aimed at consciously changing one's personality in accordance with the requirements of society and a personal development plan, in the sphere of self-realization. Main methods: introspection, introspection, self-order, self-report, self-approval, self-condemnation, reflection, imitation. (4)

Ø Methods for stimulating activity and behavior - ways to encourage pupils to improve their behavior, the development of positive motivation for their behavior. (4)

Ø Methods for stimulating and motivating learning - a group of methods aimed at forming and consolidating a positive attitude to learning and stimulating active cognitive activity of students, identified according to the classification of teaching methods proposed by Yu.K. Babinsky and includes two subgroups: methods of stimulating and motivating interest in learning and methods of stimulating debt and responsibility. (4)

Ø Management methods - a set of ways and means of purposeful influence of the subject of management on the object of management in order to achieve the goals. (4)

By the nature of the impact and motivation Keywords: methods of material motivation, methods of social motivation, methods of power motivation.

By number of participants: individual, collective, collegiate.

According to the content of management activities: normative, organizational and administrative, organizational and stabilizing, administrative, methods of stimulating influence; pedagogical methods, socio-psychological, economic, psychological.

Ø Consciousness Formation Methods - methods of education aimed at the formation of correct concepts, assessments, judgments, worldview in the process of cognitive and value-oriented activity. Main methods: story, conversation, lecture, example, debate, conference, situation analysis. (4)

Ø Modeling- the process of creating models, diagrams, symbolic or real analogues, reflecting the existing properties of more complex objects (prototypes). (one)

Ø Observation- a method of scientific research in pedagogy and other sciences, the essence of which is to fix the manifestations of behavior and obtain information about the subjective mental phenomena of the observed, manifested in his behavior. (one)

Ø Skill- an action brought to automatism; an action formed by repeated repetition, characterized by a high degree of mastery and the absence of element-by-element regulation and control. (4)

Ø visibility- the principle according to which training and education is based on the "golden rule of didactics": "Everything that can be presented for perception by the senses." (4)

Ø Reliability- a characteristic of the research methodology, reflecting the accuracy of measurements, as well as the stability of the results to the action of extraneous random factors. (4)

Ø National culture- a set of material and spiritual values ​​of the nation, as well as the main ways of interacting with nature and the social environment practiced by this nation (ethnic community). (one)

Ø National character- a set of specific features. Become more or less characteristic of a particular socio-ethnic community in the specific historical, economic, cultural and natural conditions of its development. (one)

Ø continuous education- Purposeful acquisition by a person of knowledge, skills and abilities throughout his life in educational institutions and through organized self-education. (4)

Ø Image- a subjective mental phenomenon as a result of cognitive processes. (one)

Ø Education- as a process: the development by a person in the conditions of an educational institution or through self-education of a system of knowledge, skills and abilities, experience in cognitive and practical activities, value orientations and relationships; as a result: a characteristic of the achieved level in the development of knowledge, skills, experience and relationships; as a system: a set of successive educational programs and state educational standards, a network of educational institutions that implement them, educational authorities. (1) The process and result of the assimilation of a certain system of knowledge in the interests of a person, society and the state, accompanied by a statement of the achievement by a citizen (student) of educational levels (qualifications) established by the state; The process of change, development, improvement of the existing system of knowledge and relationships throughout life, the absolute form of the endless, continuous acquisition of new knowledge, skills and abilities in connection with changing living conditions, accelerating technical progress. (2)

Ø Education- a specially organized, controlled process of interaction between teachers and students, aimed at mastering knowledge, skills, shaping a worldview, developing the mental strength and potential of students, developing and consolidating self-education skills in accordance with the goals set. (2) Purposeful, organized, systematic transfer by the older generation and assimilation by the younger generation of the experience of social relations, social consciousness, culture and productive labor, knowledge of active transformation and environmental protection. It ensures the continuity of generations, the full functioning of society and the appropriate level of development of the individual. (one)

Ø General methodology- the doctrine of the methods of education inherent in all areas of education (mental, physical, etc.). (one)

Ø General scientific level (methodologies) - concepts, basic laws and regularities, principles, categories that determine the general approach to science and practice and are used in many sciences. (one)

Ø customs- stable forms of behavior characteristic of certain ethnic, territorial communities, in their mental nature close to habits. (4)

Ø Oligophrenopedagogy - Pedagogy, which studies the processes of education and training of mentally retarded children. (one)

Ø Poll- a method of collecting primary information, the purpose of which is to obtain information about objective and subjective facts from the words of the respondents. (one)

Ø Pedagogical experience - creative active development and implementation by the teacher in practice of the laws and principles of pedagogy, taking into account the specific conditions, characteristics of children, the children's team and their own personality; didactic systems developed on the basis of theories, the high efficiency of which has been proven in the process of pedagogical practice. (4)

Ø Relations- an integral system of individual, selective, conscious connections of a person with various aspects of objective reality. (4)

Ø Pedagogical assessment - the process of correlating the result of the activity or behavior of the pupil or the course of the activity itself with predetermined standards. (4)

Ø Pedagogical mistakes - some actual deviation from the standard, the use by the teacher of means of pedagogical activity or communication, leading to a violation of professional norms, rules, standards. Pedagogical errors are subjective and objective. (4)

Ø Pedagogy- the science of human education; theory and practice of education, training and professional training of a person; a branch of science that reveals the essence, patterns of education, the role of educational processes in the development of the individual, developing practical ways and means to increase their effectiveness. (1) A science that studies the laws of development of the concrete historical process of education, organically related to the laws of the development of social relations and the formation of a child's personality, as well as the experience of real social educational practice in the formation of rising generations, the features and conditions of the organization of the pedagogical process. (4) The science of the essence, conditions and laws of the pedagogical process; a training course that is taught in teacher training institutions and other institutions for major programs. (4) The totality of theoretical and applied sciences that study upbringing, education and training. (2) the science of educational relations that arise in the process of interconnection of upbringing, education and training by self-education, self-education and self-training and aimed at human development. (2)

Ø military pedagogy - a branch of pedagogy that studies patterns, theoretical justification and practical orientation in the training and education of military personnel. (one)

Ø Pedagogy of higher education - Pedagogy, which studies the features of teaching and educating a student at the stage of university training. To a certain extent, it is part of teacher professional education. (one)

Ø Pedagogy correctional - a science that studies the essence, patterns, tendencies of managing the process of development of the individuality and personality of a child with disabilities who needs special, individualized methods of education and training, due to the presence of a physical or mental disability. (one)

Ø Pedagogy general - Pedagogy, which studies and forms the principles, forms and methods of education and upbringing, which are common to all age groups and educational institutions; a branch of pedagogical knowledge that uses the fundamental laws of education and upbringing. (2)

Ø Pedagogy family - pedagogy that studies the experience of family education, problems, typical mistakes (shortcomings), methods for ensuring the effectiveness of raising a child in a family. (one)

Ø social pedagogy - pedagogy that studies the social problems of a person at various stages of his age development, the environment of his life, pedagogical technologies, methods aimed at increasing the effectiveness of social development, education and training of a particular person, taking into account his individual capabilities, as well as the pedagogical possibilities of the human environment and their influence on his social development and upbringing. (one)

Ø Pedagogy special - the science of the upbringing and education of abnormal children; those or other branches of pedagogy that have as their subject education and training outside the mass general education school (in a broader sense) (1).

Ø Pedagogical psychology - a branch of psychology that studies the psychological methods of education and upbringing. (one)

Ø Pedagogical situation - a set of interrelated means, methods and processes necessary to create an organized, purposeful pedagogical influence on the formation of a personality with given qualities; short-term interaction of a teacher with a student (group, class) based on opposing norms, values ​​and interests, accompanied by significant emotional manifestations and aimed at restructuring existing relationships for better or worse. (4)

Ø Pedagogical environment - specially, in accordance with pedagogical goals, an organized system of interpersonal relations and attitudes towards the world. (4)

Ø Pedagogical principles - the basic, initial provisions of pedagogical science and practice, which determine the foundations for the effectiveness of pedagogical activity and reflect the most essential requirements and recommendations arising from them. (one)

Ø Pedagogical skills - ways and methods of work, a set of practical actions based on understanding the purpose, principles, forms and methods of organizing work with children; skills that are objectively necessary for mastering pedagogical activity. There are three groups of pedagogical skills: 1. Skills associated with the task and organization of the situation; 2. Skills associated with the use of methods of influence and interaction; 3. Skills associated with the use of pedagogical introspection. (4)

Ø Pedagogical communication - professional communication of a teacher with students in a holistic pedagogical process, manifested in two directions: organizing their relations with students and managing communication in a children's team (Leontiev A.A.); professional communication of a teacher with educators, which has certain pedagogical functions and is aimed at creating a favorable climate for their implementation. Functions of pedagogical communication: informational, social-perceptive, self-presentative, interactive, affective. (4)

Ø Pedagogical goal setting - a conscious process of identifying and setting goals and objectives of pedagogical activity; the teacher's need for planning his work, readiness to change tasks depending on the pedagogical situation; the ability to transform social goals into the goals of joint activities with pupils. (3) Goal setting by the subject of activity. (one)

Ø Principles of a holistic pedagogical process - initial positions. Determining the content, forms, methods, means and nature of interaction in a holistic pedagogical process; guiding ideas, regulatory requirements for its organization and conduct. (4)

1. Science in education and upbringing - the principle according to which students are offered for assimilation only the provisions established in science and teaching methods are used that are close in nature to the methods of science, the foundations of which are being studied.

2. visibility- the principle according to which training and education is based on the "golden rule of didactics" (Y.A. Komensky): "Everything that can be presented for perception by the senses." Visibility involves not only direct visual perception, but also perception through motor and tactile sensations.

3. The collective nature of upbringing and education in combination with the development of the individual characteristics of the personality of each child - organization of both individual and frontal work, as well as group work, which requires participants to be able to cooperate, coordinate joint actions, and be in constant interaction. Socialization in the process of educational interaction unites the interests of the individual with the public.

4. Individual approach to education - the pedagogical process is organized taking into account the individual characteristics of students (temperament), character. abilities, motives, interests, etc.); flexible use by the teacher of various forms and methods of educational influence and interaction in order to achieve optimal results of the educational process in relation to each child.

5. Unity of knowledge and behavior – the essence of the principle is determined by the law of the unity of consciousness and activity. According to which consciousness arises, is formed and manifests itself in activity.

6. Respect for the personality of the child, combined with reasonable demands on him - a principle that requires the teacher to respect the pupil as a person.

7. Democratization- providing the participants of the pedagogical process with certain freedoms for self-development, self-regulation and self-determination.

8. Positive emotional background of the pedagogical process - such an organization of the pedagogical process, when it is interesting and exciting for all participants to engage in joint activities, be it educational, extracurricular or extracurricular.

9. The principle of cultural conformity - maximum use in upbringing and education of the culture of the environment in which a particular educational institution is located: the culture of the nation, society, region, country; formation of the child's personality in the interests of national culture.

10. The principle of natural conformity - the starting position, requiring that the child (adolescent) with his specific characteristics and level of development act as the leading link in any educational interaction and pedagogical process.

11. Consciousness, activity, self-activity - the principle, the essence of which boils down to the fact that the student's own cognitive activity is an important factor in education and upbringing and has a decisive influence on the pace, depth and strength of mastering the transmitted amount of knowledge and norms and the speed of developing skills, habits and habits.

12. Subjectivity- the development of the child's ability to realize his "I" in relationships with people, the world, evaluate his actions and anticipate their consequences, defend his moral and civic position, counteract negative external influences, create conditions for self-development of his own individuality and disclosure of his spiritual potentialities.

13. Accessibility in training and education (principle of gradual increase in difficulties) - the principle, following which in educational and educational work it is necessary to proceed from the achieved level of development of students. Take into account their age, individual and gender characteristics and capabilities, level of education and upbringing. Teach from near to far, from easy to difficult, from known to unknown.

14. Aestheticization of children's life - a positive result of education can only be achieved in a beautifully organized space of education: aesthetically designed classrooms and recreational facilities, the presence of flowers, greenery, aquariums, works of art, living corners, flower beds in the school area.

15. The principle of strength, awareness and effectiveness of the results of education and training - mastery of knowledge, skills, abilities and worldview ideas is achieved only when they are thoroughly stored in memory. It is implemented through constant thoughtful and systematic repetition, exercise, consolidation, testing and evaluation of knowledge, skills, habits and norms and rules of behavior.

16. The principle of cooperation - orientation in the process of education to the priority of the individual; creation of favorable conditions for its self-realization and self-promotion in development; organization of joint life activity of adults and children on the basis of intersubjective connections, dialogical interaction, the predominance of empathy in interpersonal relationships.

17. Relationship between theory and practice - a principle that requires a harmonious connection of scientific knowledge with the practice of everyday life. Theory gives knowledge of the world. Practice teaches how to effectively influence it.

18. Systematic and consistent - observance of logical connections in the learning process, which ensures the assimilation of educational material in a larger volume and more firmly. Systematism and consistency allow you to achieve great results in less time.

19. The principle of humanization - strengthening of humanitarian principles and the assertion of universal human values ​​in society, aimed at the cultural and moral development of human abilities. (one)

Ø Problem learning - active developmental training based on the organization of the search activity of students, on the identification and resolution of real life or educational contradictions, during which they learn to think, creatively assimilate knowledge and master the elements of research activity. (4)

Ø Verifiability– the possibility of confirming the validity of the hypothesis with the help of an experiment. (one)

Ø Forecasting - logical substantiation of conclusions about the most probable dynamics of behavior, manifestations of a person in a particular pedagogical or life situation; manifestation of the highest form of anticipatory reflection in the process of thinking as a prediction of the expected future based on the dynamics (1). Cognitive activity of the teacher, aimed at revealing the features and characteristics of the processes of the future development of the individual and the pupil and the consequences expected from them, predicting the path and conditions for the implementation of foresight (2).

Ø Design- one of the forms of anticipatory reflection of reality, the process of creating a prototype (prototype) of an alleged object, phenomenon or process using specific methods (1). Creation of drafts of new curricula, laboratories and studios, new educational programs (2).

Ø Learning process - Pedagogically sound, consistent continuous change of acts of learning, during which the tasks of development and education of the individual are solved. (5)

Ø Process pedagogical - specially organized, developing in time and in the size of a certain educational system, the interaction of educators and pupils; specially organized and consistently carried out in time pedagogical activity within the framework of a certain educational system, aimed at achieving a specific result of education, upbringing, professional training. (one)

Ø Development- the process of regular change, transition from one state to another, more perfect; transition from an old qualitative state to a new one, from simple to complex, from lower to higher; a staged process of formation of typological socially significant qualities of a person and his individuality. (1) The process of natural change in personality as a result of its socialization. (2)

Ø self-education- conscious activity aimed at the fullest possible realization by a person of himself as a person, based on the activation of self-regulation mechanisms. (4)

Ø Introspection- a person's observation of the inner plan of his own mental life, which allows fixing its manifestations (experiences, thoughts, feelings, etc.). (one)

Ø self-education - specially organized, independent, systematic cognitive activity aimed at achieving certain personally and (or) socially significant educational goals: satisfaction of cognitive interests, general cultural and professional needs and professional development; A system of mental and ideological self-education, which entails volitional and moral self-improvement, but does not set them as its goal. (4)

Ø self-learning- the process of direct acquisition of knowledge by a person through his own aspirations and independently chosen means. (4)

Ø Self-esteem- a person's assessment of his own psychological qualities and behavior, achievements and failures, advantages and disadvantages, a place among other people. Types of self-assessment: actual, retrospective, ideal, reflective. (4)

Ø Self-development of personality - the fundamental ability of a person to become and be the true subject of his own life; the ability to turn one's own life into an object of practical transformation of oneself. (4)

Ø self-awareness- the highest expression of human consciousness, manifested in the awareness and experience of the system of representation of the individual about himself, his inherent social relations, needs, motives of activity, essence. (4)

Ø Family- a small social group whose members are connected by marriage or family ties, common life, mutual moral and material responsibility. (4)

Ø Synthesis- a theoretical method of research, which consists in the movement of thought from more specific concepts to more general ones; the mental connection of the parts of an object, a phenomenon, dissected into the process of analysis, the establishment of the interaction and connections of parts and the knowledge of this object, a phenomenon as a whole. (one)

Ø Education system - in the Russian Federation - a set of educational programs and state educational standards of various levels and directions; networks of educational institutions that implement them, educational authorities and institutions and organizations subordinate to them. (3)

Ø Education system - one of the main social institutions, the most important sphere of personality formation, a historically established nationwide system of educational institutions and their management bodies, acting in the interests of educating the younger generation, preparing them for independent life and professional activities. (5)

Ø Content of education - a pedagogically adapted system of knowledge, skills, experience of creative activity and an emotionally valuable attitude to the world, the assimilation of which ensures the development of the individual. (5)

Ø Means of the pedagogical process - means that are an integral part of the process of education, upbringing, re-education and ensure its functioning in the interests of the goal of the pedagogical process. (one)

Ø Deaf pedagogy - Pedagogy, studying the processes of education and training of children with hearing impairments. (one)

Ø Theoretical research methods – analysis, synthesis, abstraction, concretization, modeling. (one)

Ø Theory of education - a section of general pedagogy that reveals the essence, patterns, basic principles, driving forces of education, its main structural elements, technologies, methods and forms, the methodology of educational activities. (one)

Ø Test- short standardized tasks, according to which tests are carried out to determine certain aspects of the personality and its potentialities. Tests are blank and hardware, tests for individual use and tests for group use. (one)

Ø Testing- a method of studying personality through the use of tests, designed to supplement the data of psychological analysis. (one)

Ø Technics- a set of pedagogical tools and techniques that a teacher (teacher) owns and that allow him to effectively solve pedagogical problems. (one)

Ø Technology level methodology – technologies, methods and methods of research. (one)

Ø Tiflopedagogy - Pedagogy, studying the processes of education and training of children with visual impairments. (one)

Ø Work- a fundamental type of human activity aimed at modifying and adapting natural objects to meet their needs; purposeful human activity that requires mental or physical stress. The purpose of labor is always utilitarian. (4)

Ø Training program - a normative document that outlines the range of basic knowledge, skills and abilities to be mastered in each individual subject, the logic of studying the main ideas, indicating the sequence of topics and questions. The curriculum can be standard, variable, working, school, author's, individual. (4)

Ø Study baseline - a full set of academic disciplines that are mandatory for study at a certain stage of education; the main state regulatory document approved as part of the standard for a certain type of educational institution. (4)

Ø Doctrine- organized knowledge in a special way; cognitive activity of trainees, aimed at mastering the amount of knowledge, skills, abilities and methods of educational activity. (4)

Ø Teacher- teaching profession and position in the system of general and vocational education. (5)

Ø Institutions of additional education - educational institutions that implement additional educational programs of various directions, going beyond the main educational programs, in order to fully meet the needs of citizens, society, and the state. (4)

Ø Philosophy of education - interpretation of the essence of education, its principles and values ​​as the interaction of universal, concrete historical and national components of culture in the process of personality formation and the transfer of cultural values ​​to it. (4)

Ø Philosophy of education - a general theory that considers education from the standpoint of axiology, ontology, epistemology, anthropology as a special area of ​​socio-cultural humanitarian practice. (4)

Ø Philosophical (ideological) level of methodology - the conceptual basis of science, the researcher (existentialism, neo-Thomism, positivism, neo-positivism, pragmatism, dialect, materialism, etc.). (one)

Ø Forms of organization of training - an external expression of the coordinated activity of the teacher and students, carried out in a certain order and mode: a lesson, excursions, homework, consultations, a seminar, electives, workshops, additional classes. (4)

Ø Forms of the pedagogical system - the organizational system of this educational institution: educational, educational, educational, re-educational (correctional), cooperation or authoritarian; state (general education, professional), departmental, commercial, public, etc. (1)

Ø Integrity of the pedagogical process - the relationship and interdependence of all processes and phenomena that arise and take place in it both in the processes of education and training, in the relationship of all subjects of the pedagogical process, and in the connections of pedagogical processes with the phenomena of the external environment. (4)

Ø The purpose of education- expected changes in a person (or group of people), carried out under the influence of specially prepared and systematically carried out educational actions and actions. (4)

Ø Purpose of education - an educational ideal set by a social order. Three most stable models: 1. Extensive, 2. Productive, 3. Intensive. (4)

Ø Purpose pedagogical - prediction by the teacher and students of the results of their interaction in the form of generalized mental formations, in accordance with which all other components of the pedagogical process are then selected and correlated with each other (4).

Ø Private technique - the doctrine of the methods of education used in any particular aspect of education. (one)

Ø General education school - educational institution, the basic element of the educational system (5); educational institution (3).

Ø Experiment- a scientifically established experience of upbringing or education in precisely taken into account conditions, compared with similar experience, which is carried out in other conditions or in another controlled object. There are experiments that analyze composition, study pedagogical actions, study connections. (one)

Ø Natural experiment (field) - a method of scientific research in which the object is in natural conditions and does not know what is being studied. (one)

Ø Experiment stating - a method used to identify the qualitative and quantitative state of the phenomenon. It is often used in the process of a formative experiment to obtain information slices of the state and change of the object of study. (one)

Ø Laboratory experiment - a general scientific method of research carried out in artificial conditions, as a rule, using special equipment, with strict control of all influencing factors. (2)

Ø Experiment forming (transformative) - used in developmental, pedagogical, social psychology and pedagogy, the method of tracking changes in the child in the process of active influence of the researcher on the subject, the implementation of a certain program of actions. (one)

Ø Empirical Research Methods - general: examination, study and generalization of experience, experimental work, experiment; private: observation, oral survey (conversation, interview), written survey (questionnaire, testing). (one)

Ø Ethnopedagogy- Pedagogy that studies folk pedagogical traditions, customs, folklore, the historical experience of education and ways to preserve and increase it; analyzes the interrelationships and mutual influences of pedagogical and ethnic educational systems. (one)

Ø Language of instruction- the language in which the educational process is carried out in this educational institution (i.e. the language of communication between the teacher and students in the classroom, the language of educational programs, textbooks). (3)