| 03.03.2015

At the end of March, Last Address plans to install the first memorial signs on the facades of houses in St. Petersburg, and among the first people to whom a commemorative plaque will be installed is a world-famous orientalist philologist, translator of the Chinese classical Book of Changes, Professor Yulian Konstantinovich Shchutsky.
Yulian Konstantinovich was born in 1897 in Yekaterinburg, graduated from Petrograd University in 1921, worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies and the State Hermitage. He was arrested on August 2, 1937, six months later, on February 18, 1938, he was sentenced by the Exit Session of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on a standard charge under article 58-8-11 on counter-revolutionary activities to capital punishment. He was shot on the day of the announcement of the verdict, although for a long time, even after rehabilitation in 1956, the date of death was attributed to the 40s. Most likely, his trips to Japan and China and contacts with Japanese and Chinese scientists became the reason for the massacre.

Here is what his relative Vadim Prozersky, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of St. Petersburg State University, wrote to us about Shchutsky: “Yulian Konstantinovich Shchuksky belongs to the galaxy of those people who created and who were created by the Russian spiritual renaissance of the Silver Age. Like a real Renaissance man, he was uomo universale. His nature was so deep and wide, he loved life so much and could embrace it comprehensively that it is very difficult to write about him briefly. He was a composer, artist, poet, philosopher, linguist, who spoke all European and many Asian languages, both written and non-written, scientific knowledge which was lost after his death. Schutsky's scientific talent was highly valued by the community of scientists, and his teacher, the famous academic sinologist Vasily Mikhailovich Alekseev, according to his daughter Marianna Alekseeva-Bankovskaya, considered Yulian Konstantinovich his best student and had no doubt that, thanks to him, the further rise of that world level, which by that time had been achieved by the St. Petersburg and Leningrad schools of oriental studies, would continue.
Shchutsky's human charm attracted many people to him, it also captivated the wonderful poetess Elizaveta Vasilyeva (Dmitrieva), known in literary circles as the mysterious Cherubina de Gabriac. The cycle of poems that she dedicated to Julian, close to her and far away, and he to her, could make up a whole poetic anthology.
Over the years of his short life(1897–1938) Yulian Konstantinovich managed to publish a number of scientific papers and poetic translations, later republished. Here are some of them: “From Chinese lyricists”, “Anthology of Chinese lyric poetry of the 7th-9th centuries. according to R. Khr., “Taoist in Buddhism”, “Main Problems in the History of the Text “Le Tzu”, “Traces of Stages in Chinese Characters”, “Annam Language Textbook”.
Shchutsky devoted many years to studying, translating and commenting on one of the most difficult to understand monuments of Chinese literature and philosophy - The Book of Changes. This work became the work of his life and brought him posthumous worldwide fame. Many times his work “I-Ching. The Chinese classical "Book of Changes" was reprinted in our country and in other countries, as it was recognized as the best of the translations available on European languages.
Most of what he wrote remained in manuscripts: notes, linguistic, literary and philosophical works. They were confiscated during the arrest in 1937 and irretrievably disappeared in the depths of the NKVD.
The outstanding Russian scientist Yulian Konstantinovich Shchutsky was shot on February 18, 1938. His burial place is believed to be

Yulian Konstantinovich Shchutsky was born on August 10 (23), 1897 in Yekaterinburg. His father was a forester who graduated from the Forest Academy in Poland, his mother taught French and music. Higher education Yu.K. left him and transferred first to the Practical Oriental Academy, and then, a year later, to Petrograd University, from which he graduated in 1922 in the Department of Sinology of the Ethnological and Linguistic Department of the Faculty of Social Sciences, where he studied Chinese under the guidance of such luminaries of domestic Oriental studies , as V.M.Alekseev (1881-1951), N.I.Konrad (1891-1970), O.O.Rozenberg (1888-1919).

From his student days Yu.K. thesis"Anthology of Tang". Reviewing this edition in 1924, N.I. Konrad wrote: “In our popular Sinological literature, the book by Yu.K. of the new Russian Sinological school, which has a representative who managed to start his printed service to the chosen cause in this way. In 1922 Yu.K. The translation of ch. 1 of the monument in the manuscript of his report "Confession of Tao by Ge Hong" (1923) and lengthy remarks about him by V.M. Alekseev. While still a student, in 1920 Yu.K. The USSR became a scientific specialist and, since 1933, the scientific secretary of the Chinese cabinet of the institute. In 1936-1937. he collaborated in the State Hermitage. On the recommendation of V.M. Alekseev, in 1928, Yu.K. Shchutsky was sent by the Academy of Sciences to Japan to acquire Japanese and Chinese books and familiarization with the research activities of Japanese sinologists. He stayed in Japan for four and a half months, living in Osaka at a Buddhist temple. Yu.K. Shchutsky led the scientific and pedagogical and teaching activities. Immediately after graduating from the university, in the autumn of 1922, on the recommendation of his constant patron V.M. Alekseev, he was enrolled as a researcher of the 2nd category at the Department of Chinese Philology of the A.N. Veselovsky at Petrograd University. In the same place in 1924, on the presentation of the article "Main problems in the history of the text" Le-tzu "", later published in the "Notes of the College of Orientalists at the Asian Museum of the USSR Academy of Sciences" (1928), and on the basis of a more than benevolent memorandum by V.M. .Alekseeva Yu.K. Since that time, he taught various sinological courses, both theoretical and practical, at the Leningrad University, the Leningrad Institute of History, Philosophy and Linguistics, the Leningrad Institute of Living Oriental Languages ​​(Leningrad Oriental Institute named after A.S. Yenukidze). In accordance with his main scientific specialization, Yu.K. Shchutsky taught mainly the history of Chinese philosophy and the Chinese language. Being a born polyglot and constantly engaged in appropriate self-education, Yu.K. By the end of his life, a very wide linguistic range was available to him: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese (Annamese), Manchu, Burmese, Siamese (Thai), Bengali (Bengali), Hindustani, Sanskrit, Arabic, Hebrew, German, French, English, Polish, Dutch and Latin. Not having the opportunity to visit China, but knowing the Beijing dialect perfectly Chinese, Yu.K. Shchutsky also mastered his Guangzhou (Cantonese, or South Chinese) dialect. For the first time in domestic oriental studies, he introduced the teaching of the Guangzhou dialect and the Vietnamese language, creating a textbook for the latter (1934). Together with B.A. Vasiliev (1899-1946), another outstanding student of V.M. Alekseev, he also wrote in 1934 a textbook of the Chinese language (baihua). Yu.K. Shchutsky was a member of the temporary commission for the romanization of Chinese writing at the All-Union Central Committee of the New Alphabet and constantly participated in the work of the group for the study of syntax at the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Linguistics. The most significant result of his linguistic research was the article "Traces of stadiality in Chinese characters" (1932).

February 11, 1935 Yu.K.Shchutsky received the title of professor. A presentation by Academician V.M. Alekseev written for this purpose in October 1934 ("Note on Yu.K. Shchutsky") has been preserved. In February 1935, V.M. Alekseev also compiled the “Note on scientific papers and scientific activity Professor-Sinologist Julian Konstantinovich Shchutsky", in which he proposed to crown him with the degree of Doctor of Oriental Sciences honoris causa. This proposal was not implemented, but on June 15, 1935, Yu.K. Shchutsky was awarded the degree of candidate of linguistics without defending a dissertation. June 3, 1937 As a doctoral dissertation, he brilliantly defended the monograph "Chinese Classical" Book of Changes ", completed two years earlier. Research, translation of the text and applications", the official review of which was given by the same V.M. Alekseev. This deep and scrupulous review, which is of independent scientific interest, is a valuable addition to the work of Yu.K. Shchutsky, so we considered it appropriate to include it The second official opponent was Corresponding Member (later full member) of the USSR Academy of Sciences N.I. Konrad, whose assessment of this work is also presented below.

After defending his dissertation, the manuscript of Yu.K. However, on August 3, 1937 in the village. Pitkelovo Leningrad region Yu.K. In the "thaw" certificate of posthumous rehabilitation, the last year in his life is 1946, and in the "Biobibliographic Dictionary of Soviet Orientalists" - 1941. However, behind the euphemistic statement of the verdict was execution on the night of February 17-18, 1938. Sufficient grounds for this barbaric action were his stay in Japan (1928), contacts with Japanese scientists and the publication of a scientific article in Chinese in a Japanese journal (1934), open recognition of oneself as an anthroposophist, etc. "crimes". On November 28, 1937, the manuscript of the monograph by Yu.K. In the archives of the institute, unlike the main part of the handwritten heritage of the tragically deceased scientist, it lay safely until the end of the 50s. In 1960, after the rehabilitation of the author and thanks to the efforts of N.I. Konrad, who acted as the editor of the monograph, it was published, immediately received appreciated scientific community and took the place of one of the pinnacles of Russian sinology.

Yulian Konstantinovich Shchutsky was born on August 23, 1897 in Yekaterinburg. In 1921 he graduated from the Ethnological and Linguistic Department of the Faculty of Social Sciences of Leningrad State University in the Department of Sinology, where he studied Chinese language and literature under the guidance of V.M. Alekseev, N.I. Konrad, O.O. Rozenberg. In 1923, the scientist, together with V.M. Alekseev, published the Anthology of Chinese Lyrics of the VIII-IX centuries. Since 1920 Yu.K. After the transformation of the museum into the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences in 1930, he became a scientific specialist, and since 1933 - the scientific secretary of the Chinese cabinet of the institute. In 1935, without defending a dissertation, he was awarded the title of candidate of linguistics, in 1935 Shchutsky became a professor, and in 1937 - a doctor of philological sciences. In 1936-1937. he collaborated in the State Hermitage. Yu.K. English, Polish, Dutch, Latin. Together with B.A. Vasiliev, he wrote a Chinese textbook. He is also known as a philosopher and anthroposophist. In August 1937, Yulian Shchutsky was arrested on charges of espionage and sentenced to "10 years in camps without the right to correspond" (which meant, in fact, execution), he was posthumously rehabilitated in the late 1950s. The translation and researches of Yu.K. in 1979 the scientist's book was translated into English language and published in the USA and England.

In our library you can download all the books of Yulian Shchutsky for free.

Professor (1935). Candidate of Linguistics (1935, without defense), Doctor of Philology (1937).

Biography

In 1920, Yu.K. a specialist and 1933 - Academic Secretary of the Chinese Cabinet of the Institute.

In 1928, on the recommendation of V.M. Alekseev, Yu.K. He stayed in Japan for four and a half months, living in Osaka at a Buddhist temple.

Together with B. A. Vasiliev (1899-1946), another outstanding student of V. M. Alekseev, in 1934 he wrote a Chinese textbook (baihua).

Yu. K. Shchutsky was a member of the temporary commission for the romanization of Chinese writing at the All-Union Central Committee of the New Alphabet and constantly participated in the work of the group for the study of syntax at the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Linguistics. The most significant result of his linguistic research was the article "Traces of stadiality in Chinese characters" (1932). .

Known mainly due to the classical translation and interpretation of the Book of Changes, one of the canons of the Chinese Pentateuch. Schutsky defended the study of the Book of Changes two months before his arrest as a doctoral dissertation. His translation and study of The Book (published in 1960) is recognized as one of the most fundamental Sinological works of the 20th century. In 1979 the book was translated into English and published in the USA and England.

In 1922, he completed a translation of the treatise Ge-Hong Baopu-tzu, now lost. On this occasion, his teacher V. M. Alekseev dedicated the following comic poem to Shchutsky, consisting of only one-syllable words, imitating Chinese poetry:

He is shaved, his cheeks are silk-mat.
The eye is small - the look is so sharp ...
Fra Schutz is a monster among us:
Ge Hong was crushed by him.

Shchutsky and E. I. Dmitrieva

In 1922, in Petrograd, 25-year-old Shchutsky met 35-year-old E. I. Dmitrieva (by her husband Vasilyeva), known as the heroine of the famous hoax - “Cherubina de Gabriak”. A number of Dmitrieva's poems are addressed to Shchutsky. Beginning in 1911, E. I. Dmitrieva devoted herself to anthroposophy. Being one of the leaders of the St. Petersburg Anthroposophical Society, she often traveled to Germany, Switzerland and Finland on society's business. Apparently, this was the reason for the persecution to which she was subjected in the 20s.

On his way to a Japanese business trip in the autumn of 1927, Shchutsky visited the exiled Dmitrieva in Tashkent, and on his advice she created a cycle of poems on behalf of the Chinese poet Li Xiang Zi (“the sage from the house under the pear tree”; her first pseudonym was “E. Li” ), exiled to a foreign land. On the way back, shortly before Dmitrieva's death, in September 1928, Shchutsky also visited her.

In 1935, he recalled Elizabeth: “The late E. I. Vasilyeva (Cherubina de Gabriak), who, moreover, actually made me a person, had no less influence on the development of my poetic tastes. Despite the fact that years have passed since her death, she continues to be the center of my consciousness as a moral and creative ideal of a person. Subsequently, it was the Japanese business trip of 1927-1928. became one of the reasons for the execution of Shchutsky as a "spy".

Addresses in Petrograd - Leningrad

Compositions

• Shchutsky Yu.K. Taoists in Buddhism. - Eastern notes, vol. 1, L., 1927
• Shchutsky Yu.K. The main problems in the history of the text "Le-tzu". - Notes of the College of Orientalists, vol. 3, no. 2, 1928
• Shchutsky Yu.K. Traces of stadiality in Chinese hieroglyphics. - Japhetic collection, vol. 3, L., 1932
• Shchutsky Yu.K. Doctoral dissertation. Chinese classic "Book of Changes". Philological research and translation experience. L., 1937
• Shchutsky Yu. K. Chinese classical "Book of Changes". M., 1960, 1992, 1993, 1997
• Shchutsky Yu.K. Tao and Te in the books of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu. - From magical power to the moral imperative: the category of de in Chinese culture. M., 1998
• Shchutskii, Iulian. Researches on the I Ching. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979. Translated from the Russian by William MacDonald and Tsuyoshi Hasegawa
• Gryakalova N. Yu. Block's unknown script. - Alexander Blok: Research and materials. L., 1987.
• Gryakalova N. Yu. Poems by E. I. Vasilyeva dedicated to Yu. K. Shchutsky // Russian Literature, 1988, No. 4, p. 200-205.
• Yelesin D. V. To the biography of Yu. K. Shchutsky (1897-1938) // 25th Scientific Conference"Society and the State in China". Ch.I, M., 1994.S.72-77.
• Bankovskaya M. V. "Memo" - as a reminder (to two dates of the biography of Yu. K. Shchutsky // Petersburg Oriental Studies. 1997. Issue 9. P. 476-500.
• Glotser Vladimir. Cherubina's last pseudonym // Petersburg Oriental Studies. 1997. Issue 9. S.522-525.
• Menshikov L. N. Yu. K. Shchutsky - a poet and translator of Chinese classical poetry // Far Echo: An Anthology of Chinese Lyrics (VII-IX centuries) / Translated by Yu. K. Shchutsky. SPb., 2000. S.7-22.