Forming an adjective or a noun into a nationality using the name of a country is not so easy in English. Use the ending to write an adjective -ese or -ish with a plural verb to refer to all people of nationality. The names of the adjectives on the list also match the name of the language spoken in a particular country, although this is not always the case.

Examples

• The country: I live in Japan.
• Adjective: He likes Japanese food.
• Origin: She is a Japanese person. = She is from Japan. = She is Japanese.
• Language: She speaks Japanese.
• Description of a group of people: Spaniards often drink wine. = Spanish people often drink wine.
• Description of a group of people: The Chinese enjoy fireworks. = Chinese people enjoy fireworks.

There are cases in which a nationality or a local noun may have a negative connotation for some people for historical or political reasons. In this case, many people will not use this word, but will speak using a more neutral adjective + "people" or "people from" + the name of the country. These examples are marked with an asterisk. Alternative formulations that are least capable of causing offense are given in brackets.

Geographic Region/Continent	Adjective	Noun
africa	African	an African* (an African person, someone from Africa)
Asia	Asian	an Asian* (an Asian person, someone from Asia)
Europe	European	a European
Central America	Central American	a Central American
Middle East	Middle East	a Middle Easterner
North Africa	North Africa	a North African
South America	South American	a South American
southeast Asia	southeast Asian	a Southeast Asian person

Country or region	Adjective	Noun
Afghanistan	Afghanistan	an Afghanistan
Algeria	Algerian	an Algerian
Angola	Angolan	an Angolan
Argentina	Argentina	an Argentina
Austria	Austrian	an Austrian
Australia	Australian	an Australian
Bangladesh	Bangladeshi	a Bangladeshi
Belarus	Belarusian	a Belarusian
Belgium	Belgian	a Belgian
Bolivia	Bolivian	a Bolivian
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Bosnian/Herzegovinian	a Bosnian/a Herzegovinian
Brazil	Brazilian	a Brazilian
Britain	british	a Briton (informally: a Brit)
Bulgaria	Bulgarian	a Bulgarian
Cambodia	Cambodian	a Cambodian
Cameroon	cameroonian	a Cameroonian
Canada	Canadian	a Canadian
Central African Republic	Central African	a Central African
Chad	Chadian	a Chadian
China	Chinese	a Chinese person
Colombia	Colombian	a Colombian
Costa Rica	Costa Rican	a Costa Rican
Croatia	Croatian	a Croat
the Czech Republic	Czech	a Czech person
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Congolese	a Congolese person (note: also applies to people from the Republic of the Congo)
Denmark	Danish	a Dane
Ecuador	ecuadorian	an Ecuadorian
Egypt	Egyptian	an Egyptian
El Salvador	Salvadoran	a Salvadoran (also possible spelling Salvadorian & Salvadorean)
England	English	an Englishman/Englishwoman
Estonia	Estonian	an Estonian
Ethiopia	Ethiopian	an Ethiopian
Finland	Finnish	a Finn
France	French	a Frenchman/Frenchwoman
Germany	German	a German
Ghana	Ghanaian	a Ghanaian
Greece	Greek	a Greek
Guatemala	Guatemalan	a Guatemalan
Holland	Dutch	a Dutchman/Dutchwoman
Honduras	Honduran	a Honduran
Hungary	Hungarian	a Hungarian
Iceland	Icelandic	an Icelander
India	Indian	an Indian
Indonesia	Indonesian	an Indonesian
Iran	Iranian	an Iranian
Iraq	Iraqi	an Iraqi
Ireland	Irish	an Irishman/Irishwoman
Israel	Israeli	an Israeli
Italy	Italian	an Italian
Ivory Coast	Ivorian	an Ivorian
Jamaica	Jamaican	a Jamaican
Japan	Japanese	a Japanese person
Jordan	Jordanian	a Jordanian
Kazakhstan	Kazakh	a Kazakhstani (used as a noun, "a Kazakh" refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality)
Kenya	Kenyan	a Kenyan
laos	Lao	a Laotian (used as a noun, "a Lao" refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality)
Latvia	Latvian	a Latvian
Libya	Libyan	a Libyan
Lithuania	Lithuanian	a Lithuanian
Madagascar	Malagasy	a Malagasy
Malaysia	Malaysian	a Malaysian
Mali	Malian	a Malian
Mauritania	Mauritanian	a Mauritanian
Mexico	Mexican	a Mexican* (may sound offensive in the US. Use "someone from Mexico" instead.)
Morocco	Moroccan	a Moroccan
Namibia	Namibian	a Namibian
New Zealand	New Zealand	a New Zealander
Nicaragua	Nicaraguan	a Nicaraguan
Nigeria	Nigerien	a Nigerian
Nigeria	Nigerian	a Nigerian
Norway	Norwegian	a Norwegian
Oman	Omani	an Omani
Pakistan	Pakistani	a Pakistani* (may sound offensive in England. Use "someone from Pakistan" instead.)
Panama	Panamanian	a Panamanian
Paraguay	Paraguayan	a Paraguayan
Peru	Peruvian	a Peruvian
The Philippines	Philippine	a Filipino* (someone from the Philippines)
Poland	Polish	a Pole* (someone from Poland, a person from Poland)
Portugal	Portuguese	a Portuguese person
Republic of the Congo	Congolese	a Congolese person (note: this also applies to people from the Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Romania	Romanian	a Romanian
Russia	Russian	a Russian
Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabian	a Saudi, a Saudi Arabian
Scotland	Scottish	a Scot
Senegal	Senegalese	a Senegalese person
Serbia	Serbian	a Serbian (used as a noun, "a Serb" refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality
Singapore	Singaporean	a Singaporean
Slovakia	Slovak	a Slovak
Somalia	Somalian	a Somalian
South Africa	South Africa	a South African
Spain	Spanish	a Spaniard* (Spanish, someone from Spain)
Sudan	Sudanese	a Sudanese person
Sweden	Swedish	a swede
Switzerland	Swiss	a Swiss person
Syria	Syrian	a Syrian
Thailand	Thai	a Thai person
Tunisia	Tunisian	a Tunisian
Turkey	Turkish	a Turk
Turkmenistan	Turkmen	a Turkmen / the Turkmens
Ukraine	Ukrainian	a Ukrainian
United Arab Emirates	Emirates	an Emirati
The United States	American	an American
Uruguay	Uruguayan	a Uruguayan
Vietnam	Vietnamese	a Vietnamese person
Wales	Welsh	a Welshman/Welshwoman
Zambia	Zambian	a Zambian
Zimbabwe	Zimbabwean	a Zimbabwean

Cities can also become adjectives and nouns, although these are highly uncommon and the noun form will not always agree (there may be more than one). Some examples of city names are given below.

Dedicated to all travelers and just versatile personalities.

Imagine the situation: you found yourself in a new country in Europe or met a foreigner. You need to keep up the conversation, because they ask you where you are from, and then the question arises: How to say it right? — Am I from Russia? or I am Russian?

The essence will be conveyed correctly in each of the cases, they both describe nationality or citizenship. But if you want to convey that you are Ukrainian, but live in Russia, then it is better to use the construction I live in Russia.

In order to understand this issue well and correctly understand your English-speaking interlocutors, in this post we propose to talk about the countries of Europe and their nationalities, as well as the official languages ​​of these countries.

Nationality in English is often the same as the name of the official language. We have given only the main languages ​​​​of the countries that are spoken by the majority of the population of a particular European power.

It should be noted that the spelling of nationalities and languages ​​in Russian and English is different. In English, they are written with a capital letter, while in Russian with a small one.

For convenience, we have classified countries into geographic regions.

Nordic countries in English

Denmark- Denmark, Danish (Dane) - Dane (Dane), Danish - Danish

England- England, Englishman (Englishwoman) - Englishman (Englishwoman) English - English

Estonia- Estonia, Estonian - Estonian (Estonian) Estonian - Estonian

Finland- Finland, Finnish - Finn (Finnish), Finnish - Finnish

Iceland- Iceland, Icelander - Icelander (Icelander), Icelandic - Icelandic

Ireland- Ireland, Irish - Irish (Irish), Irish (English) - Irish (English)

Latvia- Latvia, Latvian - Latvian (Latvian), Latvian - Latvian

Lithuania- Lithuania, Lithuanian - Lithuanian (Lithuanian), Lithuanian - Lithuanian

Norway- Norway, Norwegian - Norwegian (Norwegian), Norwegian - Norwegian

Scotland- Scotland, Scot (Scotsman, Scotswoman) - Scot (Scot), Scottish (English) - Scottish (English)

Sweden- Sweden, Swede - Swede, Swedish, Swedish - Swedish

Wales- Wales, Welshman (Welshwoman) - Welsh (Welsh), Welsh (English) - Welsh (English)

Interesting Facts:
- the longest word in the English language, in which all letters are arranged in alphabetical order - almost
- saippuakivikauppias is the longest Finnish word meaning "silk merchant"

Western European countries in English

Austria- Austria, Austrian - Austrian (Austrian) German - German

Belgium- Belgium, Belgian - Belgian (Belgian), Dutch (French, German) - Dutch (German, French)

France- France, Frenchman (Frenchwoman) - French (Frenchwoman), French - French

Germany- Germany, German - German (German), German - German

Netherlands- Netherlands, Dutchman (Dutchwoman) - Dutch (Dutch), Dutch - Dutch

Switzerland- Switzerland, Swiss - Swiss (Switzerland), German (French, Italian, Romansh) - German (French, Italian, Romansh)

Interesting Facts:
- "Hermitage" in French sounds like "a place of solitude"
- when designating dates, the abbreviations AD and BC are used, which means Anno Domini (new era, our era, from the birth of Christ) and Before Christ (before the birth of Christ)

Southern European countries in English

Albania- Albania, Albanian - Albanian (Albanian), Albanian - Albanian

Croatia- Croatia, Croatian - Croatian (Croatian), Croatian - Croatian

Cyprus- Cyprus, Cypriot - Cypriot (Cypriot), Greek (Turkish) - Greek (Turkish)

Greece- Greece, Greek - Greek (Greek), Greek - Greek

Italy- Italy, Italian - Italian (Italian), Italian - Italian

Malta- Malta, Maltese - Maltese (Maltese), Maltese - Maltese

Portugal- Portugal, Portuguese - Portuguese (Portuguese), Portuguese - Portuguese

Serbia- Serbia, Serbian - Serb (Serbian), Serbian - Serbian

Slovenia- Slovenia, Slovenian (Slovene) - Slovenian (Slovenka), Slovenian - Slovenian

Spain- Spain, Spaniard - Spaniard (Spanish), Spanish - Spanish

Interesting Facts:
- in English you can't rhyme with month, orange, silver and purple
- in Latin, the signs of the zodiac are called as follows: Aquarius - Aquarius, Pisces - Pisces, Aries - Aries, Taurus - Taurus, Gemini - Gemini, Cancer - Cancer, Leo - Leo, Virgo - Virgo, Libra m Libra, Scorpio - Scorpius, Sagittarius - Sagittarius, Capricorn - Capricornus

Eastern European countries in English

Armenia- Armenia, Armenian - Armenian (Armenian), Armenian - Armenian

Belarus- Belarus, Belarusian - Belarusian (Belarusian), Belarusian - Belarusian

Bulgaria- Bulgaria, Bulgarian - Bulgarian (Bulgarian), Bulgarian - Bulgarian

Czech Republic- Czech Republic, Czech - Czech (Czech), Czech - Czech

Georgia- Georgia, Georgian - Georgian (Georgian), Georgian - Georgian

Hungary- Hungary, Hungarian - Hungarian (Hungarian), Hungarian - Hungarian

Moldova- Moldova, Moldavian - Moldavian (Moldovan), Moldavian - Moldavian

Poland- Poland, Pole - Pole (Polka), Polish - Polish

Romania- Romania, Romanian - Romanian (Romanian), Romanian - Romanian

Russia- Russia, Russian - Russian (Russian), Russian - Russian

Slovakia- Slovakia, Slovak (Slovakian) - Slovak (Slovak), Slovak (Slovakian) - Slovak

Ukraine- Ukraine, Ukrainian - Ukrainian (Ukrainian), Ukrainian - Ukrainian

Interesting Facts:
- "Kopciusezek" - this is how interesting the name of the fairy tale "Cinderella" sounds in Polish

Instead of a conclusion

The more we are interested in something and study certain industries, the more they are attracted to our lives. Believe it or not. No one knows what awaits us ahead and what we will have to face. Suddenly your field of activity will change, and you will have to travel all over Europe! And how can you do without knowing the countries in English? This knowledge in English has not hurt anyone yet.

By the way, countries in English can also be taught in tandem with flags. For example, make cards with the name of the country in English on one side and the flag of the same country on the other.

Set yourself new goals every day, develop, become a little better. We hope you are interested in the article and you will not stop there. We have considered only the countries of Europe, and there is still so much unknown. We wish you good luck in achieving your goals!

Big and friendly family EnglishDom

In communicating with foreigners, both friendly and business, it often becomes necessary to pronounce or write name of the country or nationality in English. It is somewhat easier to understand what the interlocutor is saying, but even here pitfalls are hidden: not all the names of countries and their inhabitants in English are similar to how they are indicated in Russian. Without a clue, you can still guess that the country “Hungary” is known to us as “Hungary”. But the fact that “Dutch” has nothing to do with Denmark, but is a resident of the Netherlands, may come as a complete surprise.

From the article you will learn:

Countries and nationalities in English: differences in concepts

When talking about nationality and what this word means to English speakers, it is important to remember that by “nationality” they do not mean ethnicity to any people, but rather citizenship.

To the question “What is your nationality?” they will answer in which country they live, and not what nationality they belong to. What we understand by the word “nationality” is more in line with the English “ethnicity”. Wherein English names for nationality and ethnicity usually match, but there are some exceptions.

For the above reason, the question “What is your nationality?” almost never heard in the speech of English-speaking people. If they want to know the country of residence of a person, they will ask “Where are you from?”, If they ask “What is your ethnicity / ethnic origin?” about what people they belong to. Such questions should be answered with the help of the constructions “I am from [country name].” under the ethnonym - the name of the nationality.

How to write country names in English

Names of countries, nationalities and nationalities, as well as languages, in English are always capitalized. Words denoting nationality, nationality and language are usually adjectives derived from the name of the country (noun). There are certain patterns in exactly how they are formed, but they are too complex and have too many exceptions to be used with confidence. It is much more reliable to refer to the list correct spelling and pronunciation of the names of countries and nationalities in English and refer to it if necessary. You can find a similar list below.

List of countries and nationalities in English

Countries and nationalities where the name of the inhabitants corresponds to the adjective formed from the name of the country
	Transcription	Country name in Russian		Transcription
Abkhazia	[æb'kɑːzɪə]	Abkhazia	Abkhazian	[æbkˈ(h)ɑːziən]	Abkhaz (ets), Abkhaz
Albania	[ælˈbeɪniə]	Albania	Albanian	[ælˈbeɪniən]	Albanian, Albanian
Algeria	[ælˈdʒɪəriə]	Algeria	Algerian	[ælˈdʒɪəriən]	Algerian, Algerian
Argentina	[ˌɑːdʒənˈtiːnə]	Argentina	Argentinian	[ˌɑːdʒənˈtɪniən]	Argentinian, Argentinian
Australia	[ɒˈstreɪliə]	Australia	Australian	[ɒˈstreɪliən]	Australian, Australian
Austria	[ˈɒstriə]	Austria	Austrian	[ˈɒstriən]	Austrian, Austrian
Bangladesh	[ˌbæŋɡləˈdeʃ]	Bangladesh	Bangladeshi	[ˌbæŋɡləˈdeʃi]	Bangladeshi, Bangladeshi
Belgium	[ˈbeldʒəm]	Belgium	Belgian	[ˈbeldʒən]	Belgian, Belgian
Bolivia	[bəˈlɪvɪə]	Bolivia	Bolivian	[ˈbeldʒən]	Bolivian, Bolivian
Brazil	[brəˈzɪl]	Brazil	Brazilian	[brəˈzɪlɪən]	Brazilian, Brazilian
Bulgaria	[bʌlˈɡeərɪə]	Bulgaria	Bulgarian	[bʌlˈɡeərɪən]	Bulgarian, Bulgarian
Cambodia	[kæmˈbəʊdɪə]	Cambodia	Cambodian	[kæmˈbəʊdɪən]	Cambodian, Cambodian
Cameroon	[ˌkæməˈruːn]	Cameroon	cameroonian	[ˌkæməˈruːnɪən]	Cameroonian, Cameroonian
Canada	[ˈkænədə]	Canada	Canadian	[kəˈneɪdɪən]	Canadian, Canadian
Chile	[ˈtʃɪli]	Chile	Chilean	[ˈtʃɪlɪən]	Chilean, Chilean
China	[ˈtʃaɪnə]	China	Chinese	[tʃaɪˈniːz]	Chinese, Chinese
Colombia	[kəˈlɒmbɪə]	Colombia	Colombian	[kəˈlɒmbɪən]	Colombian, Colombian
Costa Rica	[ˈkɒstə ˈriːkə]	Costa Rica	Costa Rican	[ˈkɒstə ˈriːkən]	Costa Rican, Costa Rican
Cuba	[ˈkjuːbə]	Cuba	Cuban	[ˈkjuːbən]	Cuban, Cuban
Czech Republic	[tʃek rɪˈpʌblɪk]	Czech Republic	Czech	[tʃek]	Czech, Czech
Dominican Republic	[dəˈmɪnɪkən rɪˈpʌblɪk]	Dominican Republic	Dominican	[dəˈmɪnɪkən]	Dominican, Dominican
Ecuador	[ˈekwədɔː]	Ecuador	ecuadorian	[ˌekwəˈdɔːrɪən]	ecuadorian, ecuadorian
Egypt	[ˈiːdʒɪpt]	Egypt	Egyptian	[ɪˈdʒɪpʃən]	Egyptian, Egyptian
Estonia	[eˈstəʊniə]	Estonia	Estonian	[eˈstəʊniən]	Estonian, Estonian
Ethiopia	[ˌiːθɪˈəʊpɪə]	Ethiopia	Ethiopian	[ˌiːθiːˈəʊpiən]	Ethiopian, Ethiopian
Germany	[ˈdʒɜːməni]	Germany	German	[ˈdʒɜːmən]	german, german
Ghana	[ˈɡɑːnə]	Ghana	Ghanaian	[ɡɑːˈneɪən]	gangster, gangster
Greece	[ɡrɪs]	Greece	Greek	[ɡriːk]	Greek, Greek
Guatemala	[ˌɡwɑːtəˈmɑːlə]	Guatemala	Guatemalan	[ˌɡwɑːtəˈmɑːlən]	Guatemalan, Guatemalan
haiti	[ˈheɪti]	Haiti	haitian	[ˈheɪʃən]	haitian, haitian
Honduras	[hɒnˈdjʊərəs]	Honduras	Honduran	[hɒnˈdjʊərən]	Honduras, Honduras
Hungary	[ˈhʌŋɡr̩i]	Hungary	Hungarian	[ˌhʌŋˈɡeərɪən]	hungarian, hungarian
India	[ˈɪndɪə]	India	Indian	[ˈɪndɪən]	indian, indian
Indonesia	[ˌɪndəˈniːzɪə]	Indonesia	Indonesian	[ˌɪndəˈniːzɪən]	indonesian, indonesian
Iran	[ɪˈrɑːn]	Iran	Iranian	[ɪˈreɪnɪən]	Iranian, Iranian
Iraq	[ɪˈrɑːk]	Iraq	Iraqi	[ɪˈrɑːki]	Iraqi, Iraqi / Iraqi
Israel	[ˈɪzreɪl]	Israel	Israeli	[ɪzˈreɪli]	Israeli, Israeli
Italy	[ˈɪtəli]	Italy	Italian	[ɪˈtæljən]	Italian, Italian
Jamaica		Jamaica	Jamaican	[dʒəˈmeɪkən]	Jamaican, Jamaican
Japan		Japan	Japanese	[ˌdʒæpəˈniːz]	Japanese, Japanese
Kenya	[ˈkenjə]	Kenya	Kenyan	[ˈkenjən]	kenyan, kenyan
Kuwait	[kʊˈweɪt]	Kuwait	Kuwaiti	[kʊˈweɪti]	Kuwait, Kuwait
Latvia	[ˈlætviə]	Latvia	Latvian	[ˈlætviən]	Latvian, Latvian
lebanon	[ˈlebənən]	Lebanon	Lebanese	[ˌlebəˈniːz]	Lebanese, Lebanese
Libya	[ˈlɪbɪə]	Libya	Libyan	[ˈlɪbiən]	Libyan, Libyan
Lithuania	[ˌlɪθəˈweɪniə]	Lithuania	Lithuanian	[ˌlɪθəˈweɪniən]	Lithuanian, Lithuanian
Malaysia	[məˈleɪzɪə]	Malaysia	Malaysian	[məˈleɪziən]	Malaysian, Malaysian
Malta	[ˈmɔːltə]	Malta	Maltese	[mɔːlˈtiːz]	Maltese, Maltese
Mexico	[ˈmeksɪkəʊ]	Mexico	Mexican	[ˈmeksɪkən]	mexican, mexican
Mongolia	[mɒŋˈɡəʊlɪə]	Mongolia	Mongolian	[mɒŋˈɡəʊliən]	mongolian, mongolian
Morocco	[məˈrɒkəʊ]	Morocco	Moroccan	[məˈrɒkən]	Moroccan, Moroccan
Nepal	[nɪ'pɔːl]	Nepal	Nepalese/Nepali	[nɪ'pɔːˈliːz] / [nɪˈpɔːli]	Nepalese, Nepalese
Nicaragua	[ˌnɪkəˈræɡjʊə]	Nicaragua	Nicaraguan	[ˌnɪkəˈræɡjʊən]	Nicaraguan, Nicaraguan
Nigeria	[naɪˈdʒɪərɪə]	Nigeria	Nigerian	[naɪˈdʒɪərɪən]	Nigerian, Nigerian
Norway	[ˈnɔːweɪ]	Norway	Norwegian	[nɔːˈwiːdʒən]	Norwegian, Norwegian
Pakistan	[ˌpɑːkɪˈstɑːn]	Pakistan	Pakistani	[ˌpɑːkɪˈstɑːni]	pakistani, pakistani
Panama	[ˈpænəmɑː]	Panama	Panamanian	[ˌpænəˈmeɪnɪən]	Panamanian, Panamanian
Paraguay	[ˈpærəɡwaɪ]	Paraguay	Paraguayan	[ˌpærəˈɡwaɪən]	Paraguayan, Paraguayan
Peru	[pəˈruː]	Peru	Peruvian	[pəˈrʊvɪən]	peruvian, peruvian
Portugal	[ˈpɔːtʃʊɡəl]	Portugal	Portuguese	[ˌpɔːtʃʊˈɡiːz]	portuguese, portuguese
Romania	[rəˈmeɪnɪə]	Romania	Romanian	[rəˈmeɪnɪən]	Romanian, Romanian
Russia	[ˈrʌʃə]	Russia	Russian	[ˈrʌʃən]	Russian, Russian
Saudi Arabia	[saudiˈreɪbiə]	Saudi Arabia	Saudi (Arabian)	[saudi əˈreɪbiən]	Arabian, Arabian
Senegal	[ˌsenɪˈɡɔːl]	Senegal	Senegalese	[ˌsenɪɡəˈliːz]	Senegalese, Senegalese
Singapore	[ˌsɪŋəˈpɔː]	Singapore	Singaporean	[ˌsɪŋəˈpɔːrɪən]	Singaporean, Singaporean
Slovakia	[sˌloˈvɑːkiə]	Slovakia	Slovak	[ˈsləʊvæk]	Slovak, Slovak
South Africa	[saʊθˈæfrɪkə]	South Africa	South Africa	[saʊθˈæfrɪkən]	South African, South African
South Korea	[saʊθkəˈrɪə]	South Korea	Korean	[kəˈrɪən]	Korean, Korean
Sri Lanka	[ˈʃriː ˈlæŋkə]	Sri Lanka	Sri Lankan	[ˈʃriː ˈlæŋkən]	Sri Lankan, Sri Lankan
Sudan	[suːˈdɑːn]	Sudan	Sudanese	[ˌsuːdəˈniːz]	Sudanese, Sudanese
Syria	[ˈsɪrɪə]	Syria	Syrian	[ˈsɪrɪən]	Syrian, Syrian
Taiwan	[taɪˈwɑːn]	Taiwan	Taiwanese	[ˌtaɪwəˈniːz]	Taiwanese, Taiwanese
Tajikistan	[ˌtɑːˈdʒiːkəˌstæn]	Tajikistan	Tajikistani	[ˌtɑːˈdʒiːkəˌstæni]	Tajik, Tajik
Tunisia	[tjuːˈnɪzɪə]	Tunisia	Tunisian	[tjuːˈnɪzɪən]	Tunisian, Tunisian
Ukraine		Ukraine	Ukrainian	[juːˈkreɪniən]	Ukrainian, Ukrainian
United Arab Emirates	[juːˈnaɪtɪd ˈærəb ˈɛmɪrᵻts]	United Arab Emirates	Emirates	[ˌɛmɪrˈɑɑ:ti]	emirate, emirate
Uruguay	[ˈjʊərəɡwaɪ]	Uruguay	Uruguayan	[ˌjʊərəˈɡwaɪən]	Uruguayan, Uruguayan
Venezuela	[ˌvenɪˈzweɪlə]	Venezuela	Venezuelan	[ˌvenɪˈzweɪlən]	Venezuelan, Venezuelan
Zambia	[ˈzaæmbɪə]	Zambia	Zambian	[ˈzæmbɪən]	Zambian, Zambian
Zimbabwe	[zɪmˈbɑːbwi]	Zimbabwe	Zimbabwean	[zɪmˈbɑːbwiən]	Zimbabwean, Zimbabwean

Countries and nationalities where the name of the inhabitants does not correspond to the adjective formed from the name of the country
Country name in English	Transcription	Country name in Russian	Nationality name in English	Transcription	Name of nationality in Russian
Afghanistan	[æfˌɡænɪˈstɑːn]	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	[ˈæfɡæn]	Afghan, Afghan
Croatia	[kroʊˈeɪʃə]	Croatia	Croat	[kroʊˈeɪt]	Croatian, Croatian
Denmark	[ˈdenmɑːk]	Denmark	Dane	[deɪn]	danish, danish
El Salvador	[ˌel ˈniːnjəʊ ˈsælvədɔː]	Salvador	Salvadoran	[ˈsælvəˌdɔːən]	salvadoran, salvadoran
England	[ˈɪŋglənd]	England	Englishman	[ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ.mən] [ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃˌwʊmən]	Englishman, Englishwoman
Finland	[ˈfɪnlənd]	Finland	Finn	[fɪn]	finn, finn
France	[frɑːns]	France	Frenchman	[ˈfrentʃmən] [ˈfrentʃˌwʊmən]	french, french woman
Iceland	[ˈaɪslənd]	Iceland	icelander	[ˈaɪsləndə]	Icelandic, Icelandic
Ireland	[ˈaɪələnd]	Ireland	Irishman	[ˈaɪrɪʃ mæn] [ˈaɪrɪʃ ˌwʊmən]	Irish, Irish
laos	[ˈlɑːoʊs]	Laos	/	[laːw]	laotian, laotian
Netherlands /	[ˈneðələndz]	Netherlands / Holland	Dutch /	[dʌtʃ]/ [ˈneðələndə] /	dutch, dutch, dutch, dutch
New Zealand	[ˌnjuː'ziːlənd]	New Zealand	New Zealander	[ˌnjuː'ziːləndə]	new zealand, new zealand
Philippines	[ˈfɪlɪpiːnz]	Philippines	Filipino	[ˈfɪlɪpiːnəʊ]	Filipino, Filipina
Poland	[ˈpəʊlənd]	Poland	Pole	[pəʊl]	Pole, polka
Scotland	[ˈskɒtlənd]	Scotland	Scott	[skɒt]	scottish, scottish
Spain	[speɪn]	Spain	Spaniard	[ˈspænɪəd]	spanish, spanish
Sweden	[ˈswiːdən]	Sweden	Sweden	[swiːd]	Swedish, swedish
Switzerland	[ˈswɪtsələnd]	Switzerland	Swiss	[swɪs]	swiss, swiss
Thailand	[ˈtaɪlænd]	Thailand	Thai	[taɪ]	Thai, Thai
Turkey	[ˈtɜːki]	Turkey	Turk	[tɜːk]	Turkish, Turkish
(The) United Kingdom /	[juːˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm/ ˈɡreɪt ˈbrɪtən]	United Kingdom / United Kingdom	british,	[ˈbrɪtɪʃ /brɪt/	british, british
(The) United States /	[juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪtsəv ˌju:ˌesˈeɪ ]	USA /	american,	[əˈmerɪkən]	american, american
Wales	[weɪlz]	Wales	Welshman	[ˈwelʃmən] [ˈwelʃˌwʊmən]	Welsh, Welsh

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Sometimes people say: “He speaks Germany. She is from French. You can understand, butthey say incorrectly. And all becausethat the names of countries-nationalities-languages ​​are very similar. It is easy to confuse ifdon't know for sure. Learn for sure! Peopleshould know where you are from.What is surprising: when you first look atcountries and nationalities (in English), andalso adjectives that describeproducts, services from these countriesnotice that they are written with a largeletters! How respectful! (ANDthe pronoun "I" they also write withcapital letter. They love and respect themselves! BUT we?!)

Nationality in English is an adjective , which describeswhere a person, food, etc.My grandfather often repeated: “Look! Lookwhat are you!” And in the nationalitiesI noticed a lot of words in English-ish ending: Danish, Spanish, Turkish, andetc. I remembered and remembered my grandfather ...

Here's some good news for newbies. English: many names of languages ​​andnationalities match! Learned the languageand voila: you already know automaticallynationality! Just beforenationality in the singularyou need to add the article a/an:And Belarusian smiled at me very friendly. -The Belarusian smiled at me kindly.There are, of course, a couple of exceptions (but what about without them!).

Table of mismatched spellings and the sound of nationalities and languages.

Country	nationality (person)	language
Australia	Australian	English
Belgium	Belgian [ˈbɛldʒən]	French or Flemish
Brazil	Brazilian	Portuguese
Britain	british	English
Canada	Canadian	English or French
China	Chinese	Mandarin (and Chinese)
Egypt	Egyptian [ɪˈdʒɪpʃən]	Arabic
Finland	Finn	Finnish
Mexico	Mexican	Spanish
Northern Ireland	Irish (an Irishman)	English
Poland	Pole	Polish
Scotland	Scottish	English or Gaelic [ˈgeɪlɪk]
Southern Ireland	Irish	English
Switzerland	Swiss	French / German / Italian
The UK	british	English

Learn the words:

Guess:

1. She can see the Eiffel Tower from her balcony. What city and country does she live in?
2. He drives a very expensive red Ferrari. What country makes such posh cars?
3. My uncle lives in Warsaw more than 30 years. Of course he can speak ____!
4. I adore sushi! Do you know which cuisine is it? (cuisine n kitchen)
5. My friend from Moscow presented me Matryoshka yesterday! Oh, it`s a very awesome traditional ___ doll!
6. I was in Rome last month. Oh, those ___ men! It seems to me they know only one word "belissima!".
   
7. When we were in Texas we saw real cowboys. I asked one of them: “Do youspeak American? He smiled at me andanswered: “Nope, young lady! We speak ____!”

Activate!

1. Do you know the nationalities of your grand-grandparents?
   
2. Can you draw a flag of your country?
3. How many languages ​​can you speak?
4. What language is spoken in many countries of the world?
   
5. Today is the 21st century. But why people still use the services of human translators?

This lesson is devoted to the analysis of countries and nationalities in English. From the lesson you will learn: the names of countries, ways of forming nationalities from the names of countries in English.

Popular questions to remember

Examples

Whats your nationality? - I "m Mexican. What is your nationality? - I'm Mexican.

Do you speak Italian? - He is from Italy. He is Italian. Do you speak Italian? - He's from Italy. He is Italian.

Suffixes for the formation of adjectives from the names of countries

Italy - Italy Italian – Italian Italian - Italian

As you can see, the same word, formed from the name of a country, can be used in different ways. This adjective is the name of the language of this country and the name of the nationality.

Many students of these derivative words use just the name of the country (Japan food, Spain singer, and so on). The name of the country cannot be an adjective, cannot describe the nationality or language of the country, so do not make such mistakes.

It should be noted that the name of the nationality and the language of the country do not always coincide. For example, in Brazil Brazil, although the Brazilians live Brazilian, but they speak Portuguese Portugese. Also with the Arab countries, where the nationality of the country does not coincide with the language.

Suffix -ian

Adjectives are formed using this suffix, regardless of what letter the name of the country ends in and where it is located. If the country name ends in -ia , then only -n is added:

Argentina Argentinian

Egypt Egyptian

Norway Norwegian

Ukraine Ukrainian

Brazil Brazilian

Russia Russian

Australia Australian

Indonesia Indonesian

Suffix -an

If the name of the country ends in -a, then only -n is added, if the name ends in another vowel, -an is added:

Korea Korean

Venezuela Venezuelan

Chile Chilean

Mexico Mexican

Suffix -ese

Basically, this suffix is ​​used with Asian countries, some African countries, European countries and South America:

China Chinese

Vietnam Vietnamese

Japan Japanese

lebanon Lebanese

Sudan Sudanese

Taiwan Taiwanese

Portugal Portuguese

Suffix -ish

Some adjectives are formed with the -ish suffix:

Britain british

Scotland Scottish

Ireland Irish

Wales Welsh

Poland Polish

Turkey Turkish

Suffix -i

Almost all countries that go with this suffix are Islamic countries, or countries where Arabic is spoken.

Iraq Iraqi

Pakistan Pakistani

Thailand Thai

Kuwait Kuwaiti

Other suffixes

Other suffixes can also be called exceptions, since some of them are single, used to form one nationality.

France French

Greece Greek

Switzerland Swiss

The Netherlands Dutch

As mentioned earlier, many adjectives that can be formed with suffixes are the names of languages ​​spoken in a particular country. In addition, these adjectives, combined with nouns, describe something specific to this country:

French literature French literature

Japanese food Japanese food

Mexican traditions Mexican traditions

Egyptian culture Egyptian history

How to talk about nationalities in general in English?

1. The + ADJECTIVE

From the article on definite articles in English, you know that the article the can be combined with adjectives when the adjective refers to a group of people:

The Chinese are very traditional. The Chinese are very traditional.

The Americans like fast food. Americans love fast food.

Have you noticed that in the given examples the word Americans is used with the ending -s, Chinese - without the ending? There are a few rules to remember about this:

1. If nationality-adjectives have endings –sh, –ch, –ss, –ese, -i then they do not have a plural form (no -s is added to them):

• the French - French
• the Swiss
• the Japanese - Japanese
• the Scottish
• the Iraqi - Iraqis
• the Israeli - Israelis

2. Adjectives ending in -an and some others have plural forms. These adjectives (unlike the ones above) can also act as nouns:

• the Ukrainians - Ukrainians
• the Brazilians
• the Greeks - Greeks
• the Thais - residents of Thailand
Scotland - Scots

Spain–the Spaniards Spain - Spaniards

Turkey - the Turks

If you are talking about one person, then if this nationality has a noun, you can use it:

• an American - American
• an Italian - Italian
• a Pole - Pole
• a Turk - Turk
• a Spaniard - Spaniard
• a Briton - British
• a swede

If there is no noun, or you want to clarify the gender of the person, then use the scheme: ADJECTIVE + MAN/ WOMAN/ BOY/ GIRL

• an English boy
• a Chinese woman
• a French man (may be spelled together: a Frenchman)
• an English man (may be written together: an Englishman)

There is a term in English demonym(from Greek demos- the people and name- name). This term is intended to describe people living in a certain area. These are the names of nationalities, ethnic groups, residents of a particular area or a particular city. All of the above adjectives and nouns derived from country names are demonyms. Demonyms are formed mainly by suffixing:

London–Londoner London - Londoner

Kiev–Kievan Kyiv - a resident of Kyiv

Rome–Roman Rome - a resident of Rome

As you can see, the topic "Countries and nationalities in English" is not so difficult if you consider this issue carefully.