Correct pronunciation of words. Orthoepy, the correct pronunciation of words, sounds. How to learn how to build correct sentences? Skills for learning English

Incorrect intonation, which can change the meaning of what was said to the opposite, can cause not only a family quarrel, but even a conflict between states. Due to the fact that a person does not know how to speak correctly and beautifully, and also makes mistakes in stress, he gets lower grades in exams than he deserves, or regularly fails in interviews with an employer. Ugly speech can be corrected if you try hard enough.

How to learn to speak beautifully and correctly: the technique of oratory

Is it possible to completely do without gestures?

The task of gestures is to emphasize the meaning of what was said. The speaker, whose hands are always in the same position, is surprising. The listeners begin to be interested in the question, what is with his hands, why are they lowered all the time? Therefore, gestures are necessary. But before starting to practice them, the future speaker must solve another problem - how to speak so that you are understood. You can answer the question of how to learn to speak beautifully in rhetoric courses or trainings. Unfortunately, they are not held everywhere. But you can try to learn how to speak beautifully on your own.

We speak without mistakes

The question of how to learn to speak correctly and beautifully is faced by many who have to speak in public or communicate with clients. Even the lessons of the culture of speech, which are available in many educational institutions, do not always give a good result, especially if the educational institution does not pay too much attention to teaching literacy. Beautiful speech is distinguished primarily by literacy. Therefore, the first thing to find is audio books performed by a good professional actor and a dictionary of accents. Listen to books, noting which words you pronounce wrong. When preparing for a public speech, write down your speech, place the stresses and check the correctness in the dictionary. If you are in doubt about the grammatical forms of individual words, check them too.

A voice recorder can be very useful. Record each of your performances and listen, noting mistakes

Put on clothes, put on Hope

Even a very beautiful word inserted out of place can spoil the impression of your speech. Therefore, before learning how to speak correctly, analyze the most common usage mistakes. You can find them in any manual for actors or journalists of radio and television. For example, the Russian Speech on Air reference books are regularly published, listing the most typical mistakes that prevent TV reporters from speaking beautifully. If you find that you are using a word incorrectly, be careful and only say it when it is really necessary. Mnemonics can help you. One of the most common mistakes is the misuse of the words "put on" and "dress". You can put on something, dress - someone, but not vice versa.

"As if", "well" and "so to speak" - why are they needed?

Do not use anti-anxiety medications unless your doctor has prescribed them for you. Just convince yourself that you know perfectly well what you will be talking about, your opponents are friendly to you and will certainly listen to you.

Execution cannot be pardoned

Intonation can negate all the efforts of the speaker. Often the meaning of what was said depends precisely on intonation - remember at least the expression “well, yes, of course” in the meaning of “no, by no means.” It happens that you can’t understand at all from a phrase whether the interlocutor agrees with you or not, the sentence “yes, no, probably” can be interpreted as you like. Of course, the use of such ambiguous expressions in speech is inevitable, because the language is a living organism in which there are several lexical levels, words that previously belonged to the “high calm” can turn into ordinary speech and vice versa. Archaism can sound solemn or comical, it all depends on how the speaker pronounces it. How to learn to speak correctly if you do not know the art of intonation? There is nothing impossible. The usual school analysis of the proposal will help. In the phrase you want to pronounce, highlight the main and secondary members of the sentence. Think about what is more important - the subject that is being spoken about, or its action and state. Maybe you want to emphasize some properties of this object or, say, make a special emphasis on the fact that it moves quickly? It depends on which word you will make the main emphasis, and on which - secondary. Try to read the first phrase from the textbook that comes across several times, changing intonation.

Instruction

Look for any opportunity to practice your speech. To do this, you can refer to your professional activities: students can join the scientific community and speak in public with research papers. And if you work in an office, you can always ask your superiors to entrust you with the preparation of a report or report, which you will also present to your colleagues.

Practice spontaneity. Speaking without preparation seems very difficult at first, but in the future it will help you improve your speech and make it fluent. To do this, meet and communicate with new people more often. Learn to quickly select a topic for conversation depending on the situation, as well as quickly respond to the interlocutor's remarks.

Learn the grammar and syntactic norms of the Russian language if you have problems with the correct or individual phrases. If you are having difficulty finding the right words, then you can read various dictionaries and lexical collections. Be sure to pay attention to the stress in the words.

Read more books. It's best to do it out loud. In addition to greatly improving your vocabulary, you will learn how to focus on the right words when talking to other people, and how to speak and express yourself more clearly.

Use standard speech exercises used by announcers, politicians and other people who need to learn and be fluent. Say various tongue twisters quickly and out loud (you can complicate the exercise by putting a small object in your mouth or saying tongue twisters on the run). Speak while looking at your reflection in the mirror, imagining that you are talking to another person or the audience. Read reports and give a speech in front of your friends or relatives.

Try not to stutter, don't swallow words, keep an even . At the same time, add emotionality to your speech: use more interrogative and exclamatory sentences, often refer to quotes from famous people. You can even add a little humor. All this will make your speech truly beautiful and free.

Maintain eye contact

When you communicate with someone one on one, you always look at your interlocutor, even if you constantly look away. This allows you to evaluate up to him, as well as whether he hears what you are saying to him. This is a natural part of communication between two interlocutors. However, when communicating with a group, some people get lost, they look at the floor, around or somewhere in the distance. As a result, the volume of their voice does not match the situation.

When communicating with the audience, try to maintain contact with its individual member, behave as if you are talking to him. Adjust yours depending on his reaction (is he far from you, can he hear you, etc.). Then shift your gaze to the other participant in the conversation and talk to him. By shifting your attention to a particular person, you increase the volume of your voice in a natural way, because. trying to get your point across to him.

If you're uncomfortable talking to people you don't know, ask your friends to listen to you and then ask them if they heard you well.

Get rid of nervousness

The reason for the quiet voice may be that you are lost or nervous in the company of a large number. In this case, even the ability to breathe properly will not help to make your voice louder. First of all, make it a rule not to try to seek approval for your words from each group. This is something to strive for, but it is not mandatory, your goal is to get your message across to the group as a whole.

Stop thinking about what others might think of you or your words. Focus on your speech, tell yourself in advance that not everyone will agree with your words. This will give you confidence and relieve nervousness. At the same time, the volume of your voice will become natural and, subject to proper breathing, will be quite high.

A pleasant voice, correct diction and the ability to build beautiful sentences are the foundations of effective communication with people. It is no secret that our voice affects the feelings of the interlocutor, and figurative and competent speech easily reaches his consciousness and convinces. Therefore, it is so important to learn how to speak beautifully and competently, correctly and clearly expressing your thoughts.

In everyday life, the ability to talk beautifully will also give you and help you easily solve any problems.

The human voice is a powerful tool in the formation of interpersonal relationships. With it, you can work wonders: repel or charm, attract attention, cheer up or lull. As a rule, the gift of eloquence is rarely given to someone by nature, usually there is a lot of work behind this. Therefore, if you want to speak beautifully, so that they want to listen to you, you will have to practice.

Below are tips and techniques thanks to which you can get rid of the dialect, master the basics of oratory and learn how to speak beautifully and correctly. First, try recording your voice on a voice recorder. Did you listen, how did you like it? Probably not very... Noticeable stammering, swallowing endings, unnecessary pauses and many other unpleasant moments. Now it is clear what needs to be changed and what to work on in order to gain a beautiful speech. So let's get started.

Speech technique

It is divided into four subsections:

1. Breath
The key to successful communication is flawlessly delivered deep diaphragmatic breathing. This must be learned in order to reduce the pressure on the speech apparatus, then the voice turns out to be deep and sounds beautiful. Many people breathe shallowly, while the voice becomes weaker, acquires a hoarse tone, becomes muffled, gets tired quickly and sometimes even sits down.
When you succeed in breathing properly, you will have a healthy glow on your cheeks and improve your overall well-being.

2. Diction
Good diction is the first condition for beautiful speech. When you eat endings or sounds, speech sounds unintelligible. This happens due to lethargy and immobility of the lips. Because of this, burr, lisp and lisp appear. To speak beautifully means to smoothly pronounce each word, opening your mouth well for a clear pronunciation. It is necessary to learn not to pronounce phrases too quickly or tongue twister, as the speed of your interlocutor's thinking may differ from yours, and it will seem to him that you are speaking unintelligibly.

3. Voice
And again, breathing, because this is the basis of the sonority of the voice. To put the voice you need to learn how to breathe with the diaphragm and understand how to use the resonators. Sometimes you notice when you talk a lot, your voice sits down, becomes hoarse, a sore throat appears, it becomes difficult for you to speak and you lower your tone. But it can be made strong, sonorous, flexible, with a wide range of sound. But for this you will need to improve your speech technique, strengthen it and develop it.

4. Orthoepy
This science studies the laws and rules of correct pronunciation. Deviation from the rules leads to problems in communication, the listener ceases to understand what you are saying to him and does not perceive the information that you want to convey to him. Give orthoepy a little time and your ability to express your thoughts beautifully, correctly placing stress even in difficult words, will be definitely appreciated by others.

Important! Before you start doing speech development exercises, do exercises. Physical exercise improves blood circulation, warms up muscles, relieves physical and emotional clamps, relaxes the forearms, shoulders and neck, and all the muscles that affect the voice.

Exercises:

tilting the head in different directions, rotating the head in a circle;
swings and circular movements with hands;
turn and tilt the body in different directions, drawing circles with the hips.

After charging, you need to lie down on the mat and relax. Imagine a beautiful landscape, feel a light breeze, feel how the sun warms you and you take a deep breath of fresh air.
Now you are ready to practice.

Learning to breathe correctly

If you want to communicate beautifully and for a long time, so that your voice sounds and does not break, you just need to learn how to include the diaphragm in the process of sound production. It is located in the solar plexus area.
To start, practice your posture using the wall exercise every day for 5 minutes for several weeks. Press your back against the wall with your whole body from head to toe. Inhale through your nose, exhale through your mouth. 6 very deep breaths. On 1,2,3,4 inhale and on 5,6,7.8 exhale. Then walk around the house at different speeds, while the position of the back should remain unchanged. Say to yourself more often: “I am brave and resolute!”, your body will automatically react to these words of conviction with a straight back.

Diaphragm Breathing Exercises

The ability to express your thoughts beautifully is only half the battle. You probably noticed that some people want to listen, while others, albeit very smart ones, are not. What is the point then? You will be surprised, but what really matters is not what a person says, but how he does it. A pleasant timbre, correct abdominal breathing and the ability to pronounce phrases with different intonations can turn even the most boring report into an exciting show. Below are 3 exercises, having worked out which, you will become the master of your voice.

Candle- practice slow breathing. Imagine that you are blowing on a candle, if it is difficult to imagine, then light a real one. Focus your attention on your stomach. Exhale slowly, try to keep the flame tilted.

Stubborn Candle- take a deep breath, hold your breath a little, and then start blowing sharply and with force, trying to put several such energetic exhalations into one breath.

Extinguish 10 candles- the principle, as in the previous exercise, only increase the number of candles from 3 to 10, spending less and less air on blowing out the candles, and leaving the amount of air inhaled the same.
After a few weeks of these exercises, you will notice how your diaphragmatic breathing has become automatic.

We put the vote

In order for your voice to be spacious and beautiful, you need to learn how to use the upper (skull, mouth and nose) and lower (chest) resonator systems. Breathe deeply into your belly ten times. Short inhale and slow exhale. And you can start exercising.

Moan- Don't forget about posture. Say the sound "M" with closed lips. Say it on the exhale, do not strain. Now begin to change the position of the head, pronouncing the same sound. Gradually, you will begin to feel a vibration in the upper resonator. Having mastered the sound “M”, start adding other vowels: o-a-i-s-y, so that they sound like “mmmm-e-mmm-o-mmm-a-mmm-and-mmm-u-mmm-s ". When you have mastered this practice, move on to the continuous pronunciation of different variations of these sounds.

Tongue Twisters. Saying tongue twisters is really a great way to hone your speech and master the art of speaking beautifully, pronouncing each letter clearly. Try to say the phrase: “stranded, .. stranded, stranded, .. stranded, stranded, stranded”, while rubbing your forehead. We do the same with the words “we are lazy” - rubbing the nasal cartilage, “we caught burbot” - rubbing our cheeks.

Horn- straight posture, lips with a tube, pronounce the sound "U" as you exhale. Next, combine it with other vowels. The main thing is not to change the position of the lips.

Poems– read them aloud and with intonation, using a medium tone. At the end of each line, inhale and say the line as you exhale. I recommend on the Internet to find the poem "Reading Rules", which was written by A.V. Pryanishnikov. It is ideal for the correct execution of this exercise.

We train diction

First, do a warm-up with the speech apparatus. Do all these exercises 5-7 times.

Close your mouth and relax. Say the sound "U" a couple of times, stretching uuuuuu. Now A, slowly opening her mouth vertically, no more than 3 centimeters.
Show your teeth. Clench your jaws and stretch your lips in an unnatural smile.
Fold your lips into a tube, jaws are closed. Make circular movements with your lips up and down, from left to right. With the tip of the tongue, touch the lower row of teeth, open the mouth no wider than 3 cm. Now lift it to the upper palate, then to the cheeks of the left-right.

Now you can do articular gymnastics.

Speak the vowels on one exhalation, trying to use all the muscles: I-E-A-O-U-S. Gradually increase the speed of pronunciation and put several ligaments into one exhalation. After you master this bunch, start experimenting with others.
Do the same with vowels, substituting consonants for them. Example: Bi, ba, bo…. , beep..., beep, beep..., then with the sound of P, TD, KG, FV, M, N, L, R. Gbdi .., Bdgi .., Ftki .., Mi-mi .., Mrli ... You do the same with whistling and hissing sounds S, Z, Zh, Sh, Sh: Si-sis .., Zissi .., Zdi .., Sti .. etc. Putting them in groups and combining.
And also read as many tongue twisters as possible, they will perfectly help you work out the speech apparatus.

Orthoepy

A science that studies, a set of rules for normative literary pronunciation, stress in words, the beauty and sound of speech, as well as the rules for the articulation of sounds and phrases. Since there are countless rules in orthoepy, if you want to speak beautifully, pronouncing words correctly, you need to turn to the relevant literature.

We work with speech

You need to be able to correctly put intonation in your speech, in order to learn how to do this, it is best to train on expressive reading of literary texts aloud, recording on a voice recorder. Listen, analyze how correct it is, correct the shortcomings and read it again. Do the same with an article from a newspaper, technical literature, or any other source. Bring life and brightness to your voice - start speaking correctly!

Speech is a wonderful and beautiful way to exchange and replenish information. Listening to the speech of a speaker who easily varies his verbal turns, you involuntarily begin to envy, and then think about how to learn how to speak beautifully.

Positive emotions that are present when talking with such a person are pushing you to do incredible things for your own development. In order not to hide the desire for an indefinite time, say: “I also want to speak beautifully,” and immediately start classes.

The conciseness of thought, the formed beautiful skill of speaking requires great patience, the allocation of a certain period of time, a change in an established lifestyle, and the recognition of permissible mistakes.

If you are ready to radically change the way you think, learning to listen to other people's recommendations is the right way. In the future, when the first successes are visible and the performance is accepted by the audience, a different training scheme can be developed.

Let's look at each tip in more detail below.

Arrangement of future words

Make it a rule to start each lesson with the phrase: “I dream, I want to speak beautifully.” , will surely turn into reality, and the right actions to promote the dream into life will take on a special mood.

So, let's move on to the first point, which will bring you closer to understanding the main task:

Sentence building is important for communication and comprehension. The narrator, communicating information to others, must mentally arrange the events in chronological order so as not to disturb the theme.
For people who do not have experience, thoughts can get confused, and the speech will turn out to be incoherent, illogical. Therefore, start a diary, where on the pages describe the dialogues you hear, interesting details, daytime reflections, intra-family relationships.
Paper, hiding ridiculous expressions, will gradually present a beautiful surprise. Lined beautiful statements will form sensible content with eloquent quotes, reasonable turns, logical phrases. The brain clogged with unnecessary "garbage", freeing itself from a large amount of news, stories, experiences, will give free rein to a new stream of thoughts, bringing you closer to the answer to the question: "How to learn to speak correctly and beautifully."

Vocabulary replenishment

When you see an unfamiliar word, be sure to determine its meaning. The explanatory dictionary gives their detailed explanatory characteristics, scope. With representatives of different professions, age-old categories and social strata, rare words have their own special position.

Accumulating new knowledge, the status increases, serious respect arises, interesting acquaintances are acquired. How to learn to speak beautifully is not worth an unresolved dilemma, because a beautiful syllable and amazing phrases slip into your conversation, becoming an excellent foundation.

Reading of books

Desire - I want to say beautifully - does not arise just like that. Classical works contribute to the emergence of clean, beautiful speech patterns laid down by famous writers.

Singing every word, playing with various acceptable combinations, the authors tried to convey to the reader harmony, uniqueness, and literacy.

The great language has remained an example for many generations, eager to learn and experience the pleasure of written plots, analyzes of the characteristics of characters, derived morality.

Of course, one cannot completely deny modern literature, which violates the stereotypes created over the centuries, giving youth, an unexplored flow of air.

Any book encourages thinking, a person can quietly learn to think and speak differently. But comparing the classical and modern novel, the connoisseur of how to learn to speak beautifully and competently will look with great respect at the old worn binding.

Public performance

There comes a crucial moment when your speech is designed for a large audience:

Here it is desirable to think over all the dialogues, remarks. Write down the points of the plan. According to the plan, gradually develop the topic of conversation.
Record your speech on a voice recorder. Listening to the speech several times, you will notice weak expressions. Prepare your speech in advance so that there is enough time to correct the gaps and then the motto of the day: “I want to speak beautifully” will become an indispensable companion.
Learning to speak beautifully without an audience is impossible. The close environment gets used to the style of communication, does not notice errors in speech. Unfamiliar listeners will immediately react to an uninteresting story, show it with their behavior and noticeable noise. Before the performance, it is important to know the age characteristics of the upcoming interlocutors.
Consult with friends who have had to speak in public. Consider their beautiful performances, speech, mark key points, use the information received as a “magic wand”.
For expected questions, choose answers to learn how to direct the presentation in the right direction. Study books on the subject, write down catchphrases, famous quotes. Base your report on familiar names. With such a foundation, your presentation will take on a scientific and fundamental look.
The art of speaking requires compulsory training. At first, settle for a small and familiar audience. Having developed the skills of communicating with a group of people, gradually increase their number in order to learn how to change the flow of the conversation and the thematic focus.

The presence of gestures and facial expressions

A live conversation always involves movement of the hands and body. Dry presentation of material without a pronounced emotional color is boring, implausible.

The speaker, living the content of the speech, makes the audience join what is dear to him, close. It's not just clumsy swings. Every gesture he makes is beautiful and logical. Under the influence of sincerity, a rich, open dialogue of completely strangers is obtained.

It is useful to train gestures and facial expressions in front of a mirror. Shortcomings, some excesses in movements are immediately visible. An open, beautiful look helps to cope with unnecessary and stupid gestures that do not fit into the overall picture.

Sometimes the accompanying gestures seem out of place, defiant. But the cold expression on his face is prone to repulsion and misunderstanding. Find the harmony of the word, body, voice.

Tenacity and desire

I want to speak beautifully - this is not just a beautiful slogan. Long-term exercises repeated day after day will help you learn and lead to a positive result thanks to great desire, perseverance, and patience. Having a specific goal in mind, for which you deliberately forego a free hour, will be a guide to complex oratory.

Color your activities with games. For example, start describing any subject without stopping. It doesn't matter what you say. The main thing, excluding pauses, is to learn to speak without thinking. Gradually, the "nonsense" will develop into a coherent beautiful story. Detailing develops attention, speech, thinking. The attitude to the outside world is changing.

Cultivating Confidence

When there is no confidence, it is impossible to learn to speak beautifully. Fear squeezes the muscles, the voice begins to tremble treacherously.

To, try to seek advice from a specialist or read the literature on psychology. They will reveal the true reason, remove the clamps. The Internet is filled with manuals and training exercises, simple and clear.

Low self-esteem provokes unwillingness to overcome the feeling of fear. Such a deliverance seems impossible to a person and the impregnable barrier increases. Love everything you do. You need to learn how to work on yourself. Let go of the past, live here and now. Start your life story from a clean page.

Each voice is beautiful and unique. Don't be ashamed of it, whatever it is. Know how to enchant with the right presentation. The listener will accept any unusual timbre when the topic is accessible and interesting. Experiment. Say a simple sentence “I want to speak beautifully” in different ranges: high, low, medium. After varying, you will notice a special refinement and will happily note that your voice is the best.

Highlighting the main

In the art of speaking, the importance of contact with the audience is given. When a speech takes place, an experienced speaker instantly feels any deviation from the intended course of the narrative, and corrects himself in time.

I want to speak beautifully - a wonderful start to the beautiful world of culture and ethics. Watching your speech, you can learn to speak without unnecessary words, become well-mannered, smart, literate.

During the classes, save the recordings recorded on the recorder, write out a beautiful verbal turnover and use it when you compose the next speech.

The ability to speak beautifully distinguishes a person from the crowd and gives him advantages. He is capable of doing great things, leading the crowd. Let the desire - I want to speak beautifully, forever turn the mind and give strength in performances.

Everyone at least a few times in their life doubted how to pronounce the word correctly, where to put the stress, because the Russian language is one of the most difficult languages.
Difficulties arise for several reasons.

In Russian, there is no general rule for preserving stress, it can be in any part of a word, unlike, for example, French, where the stress is always placed on the last syllable.

Emphasis plays a semantic role. Depending on the stress, the meaning of the word changes, this can be observed in homonym words, or rather, in homographs (words that are spelled the same, but sound differently): a rit and steam and th, a tlas and atl a s, cr e dit and credit and t.

Our language has a lot of foreign words borrowed from other languages. This, on the one hand, enriches the language, and, on the other hand, creates difficulties in pronunciation and writing. Especially often, difficulties arise with the letter “e”: it is written “e”, and pronounced “e” (parterre, sex, dash).

There are many territorial varieties of the Russian language - dialects - which also affect pronunciation. So, in St. Petersburg and in Moscow, meat cooked on a spit will be called differently: shawarma and shawarma.

Communication with Slavic "brothers" has a huge impact on the native speakers of the Russian language. Even TV announcers began to pronounce many words in the Ukrainian manner, thereby making speech errors. Most often I hear such errors in the stress of verbs: n a chala instead of beginnings a, P about nyala instead understood a etc.

But despite the many factors that negatively affect the language, one must strive to speak correctly, since speech is the hallmark of every person. By the way a person pronounces words, you can tell a lot about his origin, upbringing, education. And if the native speakers, those for whom Russian is their native language, do not treat it with care, then who will save the language?

Let's talk right!

With this article, I open a series of texts on correct pronunciation.

For starters, here's a set of words that cause difficulty in stress.

One of the most common mistakes is the stress in past tense verbs of the feminine gender (I wrote about this already above, but I will repeat it):

Wrong: began, understood, took, took, created.
Correctly: started BUT, understood BUT, took BUT, took BUT etc. But in the masculine: n BUT chal, p O nyal, with O building

It is considered bad manners to say they are calling, calling. Correct: call And th, ringing And t, ringing I t.

You can buy wed E dstva and enjoy wed E by means, but not by means.

Child in childhood need balls BUT th.

Ukrainian is spoken in Kiev And nsky language.

The confectionery sells t O mouths, and the data is entered into the catalog O G.

And what the key is hung on is called keychain, not a key fob.

And 40 more words:

apostrophe	aristocracy	bows	genesis
denim	dispensary	contract	slumber
enviably	CONSPIRACY	moldy	cork up
jagged	Spark	quarter	whooping cough
flint	more beautiful	kitchen	chunk
scrap	in a glimpse (in a glimpse)	garbage chute	naked (naked)
intention	security	ease	wholesale
funeral (at a funeral)	reward	force	plum
in-depth	dead	phenomenon (phenomenon)	cotton robe
hosts	scoop	scarves	sorrel