The topic of the Russian language "Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives" is familiar to every student. However, after graduating from a general education institution, many people begin to forget the simplest rules and make a large number of mistakes when creating any text. In this regard, we decided to remind you of the cases in which the suffixes "n" and "nn" are written in adjectives. Also, some exceptions to the existing rules will be presented to your attention. They should be remembered.

Part of speech definition

They call the significant, which denotes a non-procedural feature of the subject, and also acts in the sentence as a definition or nominal part of the predicate and answers the following questions: “what?”, “what?”, “what?”, And also “whose?” and what?".

general information

"The spelling of 'n' and 'nn' in adjectives" is a very important topic in Russian. Indeed, without knowledge of such simple rules, it is quite difficult to compose a competent text or even a letter.

It should be especially noted that adjectives can be formed both from nouns and from verbs. Knowing these basics will allow you to better understand how many letters "n" you need to write in a particular case.

Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives derived from nouns

So, let's figure it out together, in what cases should you put -nn-:

Which adjectives that are derived from nouns use "n"?

Now you know in which cases the suffixes -nn- are written in adjectives (-onn-, -enn-, etc.), if they are formed from nouns. However, this is not enough for a competent drafting of the text. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the spelling rules for the suffixes -in-, -yan- and -an-:

1. In adjectives that are derived from nouns using the above suffixes, only 1 letter "n" is always written. Let's give an example: leather (leather), sparrow (sparrow), clay (clay), pigeon (dove), waxed (wax), crane (crane), wood (firewood), nightingale (nightingale), etc. However, all rules have your exceptions. In this case, these are the words "glass", "wood" and "tin". 2 letters "nn" are written in them, and they should be remembered.
2. In the names of adjectives that are formed without the use of any suffixes. Let's take an example: green (green). It is also necessary to remember the following words: spicy, ruddy, pig, young and united.

How many letters "n" are written in the names of adjectives that are derived from adjectives?

2 letters "n" are written if adjectives are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -enn-, which indicates a large measure of any feature. Let's give an example: hefty, tall or wide.

Important notes regarding the rules described

The spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives has the following features:

Spelling "nn" in adjectives and participles derived from verbs

So, 2 letters "n" should be written if:

1. Adjectives are formed from verbs with prefixes. Moreover, the prefix non-almost never affects the spelling of "n" or "nn". Thus, in the adjective with, one should not write the same number of letters “n” as in the adjective without this prefix. Let's give an example: (connected, beveled, built).
2. If there are suffixes such as -eva- or -ova-. Here is an example: an organized excursion, uprooted forest, etc.). Exceptions are the following words: chewed and forged. In this case, ov- and ev- are included in the root, and are not suffixes.
3. If the sentence contains any dependent word (for example, woven from twigs).
4. If the adjective is formed from a verb that has a perfect form (for example, solved). The exception is the word "wounded".

Spelling "n" in adjectives derived from verbs

One letter "n" is written in adjectives that are derived from verbs without the use of prefixes. Let's give an example: uncut, knitted. Exceptions are the following words: sacred, slow, unprecedented, unexpected, desired, unheard of, unexpected and unexpected.

Letters "n", "nn" in short adjectives

In addition to the full names of adjectives, there are also short forms in Russian. To understand how "n" and "nn" are written in short adjectives, you should remember the rules about full ones. After all, they are the same for both forms.

Here's an example:

Important notes on the material covered

To finally figure out how to write adjectives (with "n" or "nn"), you need to consider the following features:

1. Usually the suffixes -yang- and -an- give the meaning "intended for something" or "made from a certain material." For example: wood, clothes; sandy, clay.

2. In order to correctly compose a text, one should distinguish between adjectives whose spelling is related to their meaning.

Windy, that is, "with the wind" (windy weather). Windmill, that is, “driven by the power of the wind” (wind pump). In the phrase "chicken pox" the adjective is written 1 letter "n". This is due to the fact that this word comes from "windmill".

Buttered, that is, “soaked in oil” (buttered porridge). Oily, that is, "flattering" (oily voice). Butter, that is, “diluted in butter” (butter cookies).

Silver, that is, "subjected to silvering" (silver device). Silver, that is, "made of silver" (silver bottle).

Salty, that is, "containing salt" (salted fish). Salt, that is, "consisting of salt" (salt pillar).

The spelling rules for the suffixes -enn-, -onn-, -nn- and the suffixes -en-, -in-, -an-, -yan- are clear to any student and are easy to learn.

Below in this article we will look at the spelling rules for different parts of speech with suffixes − enn-, -onn-, -nn- -en-, -in-, -an-, -yan-.

The difficulty lies in the fact that parts of speech with these suffixes you need to write thoughtfully and be able to distinguish:

In contact with

1. What part of speech is the given word, its semantic properties;
2. Know what parts of speech it is formed from and its morphological composition;
3. What member of the sentence in this case is the word with the suffix being studied;
4. Full or short form;
5. Remember the exceptions to the rules.

Spelling rules

They can be educated from nouns (straw, timeless), from verbs (drowned logs), from adjectives (healthy - hefty) with the help of suffixes -nn- and -enn-, -onn- (station, commission).

Adjectives from nouns

In short adjectives as many "n" are written as in full ones. Long speech - speech is long. Modern music - clothes are modern. Educated youth - youth is educated.

The suffix -enn- is written in words with an emotional coloring of the sign: healthy - hefty, wide - broad, courage - courageous.

In the word windy, one letter “n” is written, windless - “nn”. Windy girl - windless day.

Writing participles

Most participles are used in written speech, so it is very important to use and write them correctly.

In participles, the suffixes -enn- and yonn are written if:

1. There is a prefix (divorced, folded).
2. There is a dependent word. Campfire laid out by tourists. City located by the sea. Task completed by students.
3. It is formed from verbs in -chi, -sti, -it: bake - baked, grow - grown, build - built, burn - burned.

Unexpected, unexpected, unheard of, unseen, given - these are exceptions.

Short and complete parts of speech

The rule is very simple:

1. Brief participles are written with -en-: the lesson is learned, the oak is cut down, the norm is worked out;
2. Short adjectives are written with -enn-: the art is perfect, the children are well-mannered.

Participles can have or you can substitute dependent words: the girl was raised (by whom) by her grandmother. This is a short communion.

Children are educated. There are no dependent words. This is a verbal adjective.

Compound adjectives are written in the same way as simple ones:

Compare:

1. Freshly frozen - no prefix, but freshly frozen, because the second part of the word has a prefix.
2. Plain dyed (no prefix), plain dyed (there is a prefix).

There are not very many spelling rules for suffixes. If desired, they are easy to remember. It is necessary to learn exception words and learn to distinguish between participles and adjectives. This is especially important when using short forms of these parts of speech, because their spelling is different.

Examples: long hair - hair is long, conquered peaks - peaks are conquered, smart speeches - speeches are smart, painted doors - doors are painted.

The participle is used in writing. In colloquial speech, our contemporaries do without it. To learn how to write correctly and use them in your speech, you need to read the works of Russian classics, then your speech will become competent and logical. And you, undoubtedly, will be able to profitably show off your knowledge in a circle of intelligent and educated people.

In adjectives, one letter H is written in suffixes -IN-, -AN-, -YANG-.

For example: swan(in suffix -IN - one letter H is written) leather(in suffix

-AN- one letter H is written) woolen(in suffix -YAN- one letter H is written.

Remembering three suffixes in which one letter H is written is very easy. Need to know p the first letter of the alphabet and the last - A and Z. We add one letter H to them and get suffixes - AN, YING, YANG .

You can learn a rhyme that will help you remember the suffixes of adjectives that are written with one letter N.

For adjectives long ago

Written in scholarly books

When AN, YING, YANG, then H is one

And no more excess.

Suffix -IN- called "animal". With the help suffix IN adjectives are formed from animate nouns denoting animals, insects, birds.

MOUSE IN YY = MOUSE + IN

MOSQUITO IN YY \u003d KOMAR + IN

Nightingale IN YY \u003d Nightingale + IN

In adjectives MOUSE IN YY,MOSQUITO IN OY, NIGHTINGALING IN YY the "animal" suffix is ​​written - IN - with one letter N.

Suffixes - AN-, -YAN - are written in the names of adjectives denoting the material from which the object is made:

SKIN AN YY \u003d SKIN + AN

PESC AN YY \u003d SAND + AN

SILVER YAN YY = SILVER + YANG

WOOL YAN OH = WOOL + YAN

CLAY YAN YY \u003d CLAY + YAN

Adjectives SKIN AN YY, SAND AN YY, SILVER YAN YY , WOOL YAN OH CLAY YAN YH are written with one letter H, since the suffix in them begins with the letters AND I .

Three adjectives should be remembered, the suffix of which begins with the letter I, but the letters H in it are written not one, but two. These are the exception words: TREE YANN YY, TIN YANN GLASS YANN YY.

The following riddle about WINDOW:

glass surface, wooden frame, pewter handle.

2. Two letters НН in adjective suffixes

Two letters H are written in the names of adjectives whose suffixes begin with the letter O or E. For example, EDITORIALS HE N YY, TRADITIONS HE N YY, STRAW ENN YY, CRANBERRY ENN YY.

Remember suffix - HE N- helps with HH UN - United Nations.

It is known that suffix - HE N- - UN fanatic.

It strives to be as similar to the UN as possible in everything. True, the difference between them is immediately noticeable: the suffix has - HE N- two H's, and his UN idol has two O's.

With the suffix - HE N -, in which two letters H are written, adjectives are formed most often foreign origin. For example, COMMISSION HE N EDITORIAL HE N YY, TRADITIONS HE N YY, REVOLUTION HE N YY

Two letters H are written in the suffix -ENN-.

Adjectives with the suffix - ENN- most often formed from nouns whose stem ends in several consonants: ARTS ENN YY, CRANBERRY ENN YY, LIFE ENN YY, FIRE ENN OH, ILLNESS ENN YY.

In Russian, there is an exception word, the suffix of which begins with the letter E, but the letters N in it are written not two, but one. This word is WINDY.

WINDY DAY

WINDY YOUTH

In the word WINDY, one letter H is written!

However, if the prefix WITHOUT appears in the word WINDY, then two letters H are written according to the rule.

WINDLESS NIGHT (there is a prefix in the word)

Remember the spelling of words WINDY andWINDLESS the following verse helps.

Windy young man, windy day!

You can easily remember:

I always write only one N!

Windless morning, day or night!

Without applying the rules of knowledge,

Write two N's without hesitation!

3. Two letters H at the junction of morphemes

Two letters H are written in the names of adjectives formed with the help of the suffix H from nouns with the stem starting with the letter H.

PLAIN = ravni H A+ H

LONG= LENGTH H A+ H

TRUE= ISTI H A+ H

outlandish= DIKOVI H A+ H

pancake = BLI H +H

The following poetic rule helps to write a double letter H in the adjective.

The mist one has

But if the city has become foggy,

Based on H and suffix H,

And it turns out,

Remember this case is strange.

4. Things to remember

There are several words in Russian that do not have the suffix H and suffer greatly from this. These words are often confused and erroneously write double HH in them.

Remember: in words SINGLE, GREEN, SPICY, ROSE, YOUNG, PORK one letter H is written, which is part of the root.

5. Analyzing examples

Let's determine how many letters H are written in the following adjectives and why.

GOOSE(this word has an "animal" suffix -IN -, in which one letter H is written),

TELEPHONE(this adjective is formed from the noun TELEPHONE, the stem of which ends with the letter H. The suffix H is added. Therefore, we write the word TELEPHONE with two letters H),

STRAW(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter E, so we write HH),

LINEN(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter I and denotes the material from which the object is made, so we write one letter H),

WINDY(this is an exception word in which one letter H is written),

INFECTIOUS(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter O, so we write HH),

GLASS(this is an exception word that is included in the riddle about the window; therefore we write HH).

6. Algorithm for writing Н, НН in adjective suffixes

Choosing H, HH to write in the suffix, you can use the algorithm.

Table 1. Algorithm for writing Н, НН in adjective suffixes ()

7. Н, НН in short adjectives

It should be remembered that in the short names of adjectives the same number of N is written as in the full ones: traditional - traditional, smart - smart.

Bibliography

1. Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
2. Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells - M.: Bustard, 2008.
3. Russian language. 6 cells / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.

1. Reference table().
2. Presentation ().
3. Additional exercise ().

Homework

Task number 1

Insert, where necessary, the missing letters H or HH. Justify your answer.

Yu..y, y..at, silver..y, aviation..y, long..y, tin..y, straight..y, hurricane..y, debatable..y, swans..y, wind..th, windy..oh, windless..th, autumn..th, morning..th, morning..ik, glass..th, harder..ik, silver..th, silver..ka, shameless..ik, seme..oh, ice..oh, cranberry..oh, hemp..oh, hemp..ik, sparrows..oh, nightingales..oh, stirrup..oh, seme..oh, red banner .. th, triumph .. th, life .. th , old .. th, guests .. th, guests ple..th, whole..th, drunk..th, rya..th, blush..th, blush..a, fire..th, sandy..th, craft..th, secondary..th, pension .. th, clay .. th, beast .. th, offspring .. th, precious .. th, bouillo .. th, flat .. th, half-dead .. th, wild .. th, not quite .. th, sheep..th, infectious..th, sympathetic..th, seventh..th, countless..th, friendship..th, oats..th, one-time..th, ants..th, wave..th, mice..y, svi..oh, pigs..a, firewood..ik, oil..ik, mali..ik, axis..ik, ripples..ik, friends..ik, moshe..ik, wind..ik, side..ik, smart..yy, ko..itsa, leeward..yy, sandy..ik, travel. .ik, vlasya..itsa, vishe..ik, weathered..y, chicken..oh (ataman).

Task number 2

Make the “silent” table speak: write down the necessary words in place of the gaps. Write down adjectives with the studied spelling from the poems.

1. He slept, all radiant, in an oak manger,

Like a ray of moon in the hollow of a hollow.

He was replaced with a sheep ... skin

Donkey ... ox lips and nostrils.

B. Pasternak

2. And there is a birch in so ... oh silence,

And snowflakes burn in golden fire.

S. Yesenin

3. Do you love ice ... oh January,

Windless, brutal cold.

And I am a fierce February,

A blizzard, a daring snowstorm.

Comments of the teacher on the studied material

Possible difficulties	good advice
It's hard to remember the exceptions to the rule.	Refer to Appendix 1.2 and fill in the gaps in the words where necessary.
Sometimes it is difficult to understand from which noun a given adjective was formed: moral ... ny; mysterious ... ny; scarlet; own ... ny; natural ... ny; spicy; indirect ... ny; original ... ny; humane ... ny; immu ... ny, etc.	Most likely, these are adjectives formed from obsolete nouns. You can apply the rule to them in full (even if their former suffixes are no longer distinguished from a modern point of view): moral; mysterious; scarlet; own; natural; indirect claim-ONN-th. Pay special attention to the words human-N-th and immuN-N-th, which are formed not from nouns, but from the international bases -human- and -immun- using the suffix -n-.
What about words like old ... ny, were ... ny, purposeful ... ny, deep ... ny, true ... ny, remarkable ... ny, etc.? They have the suffix -in-. Should they be written with one H?	In such words, the suffix -in- is already included in the basis of the nouns from which these adjectives were formed. It becomes part of the stem of the noun, and it is to it that the adjective suffix –n- is added. Therefore, in such words it is written NN. Starin (a) - old-n-th. Bylin (a) - epic - n-th. Virgin (a) - virgin n-th. Depth(s) - depth-n-th. True (a) - true-n-th. Dozen (a) - not a dozen.
Sometimes it is not clear which suffix is ​​used in this adjective: -an- (-yan-) or -enn-. Straw ... ny. Clay ... ny. Silver ... ny. Cutaneous. Wind ... ny.	In this case, the suffix should be remembered. Pay attention to the spelling of the following words. Straw. Clay. Silver. Windy day, man (remember also: windmill). oil paints). When addressing this issue, also use the following considerations. Words with the suffix -AN- (-YAN-) denote what ( silver) or for what ( wood burning) the item is made. The exceptions are the words: cranberry, fiery, pumpkin, straw.
Are there cases when exceptions forged, chewed and wounded are written through HH?	Exceptions forged, chewed and wounded can be written with two H when they have dependent words or prefixes. A sword forged by a gunsmith (a gunsmith is a dependent word). A fighter wounded in the shoulder (in the shoulder is a dependent word). Shackled hands (prefix C-). Injured finger (prefix PO-).
In some cases it is difficult to understand what kind of verb a word is formed from. Decided ... ny (educated from decide? decide?). Thrown ... ny (educated from throw? throw?). This leads to spelling errors.	If you have a choice between perfective and imperfective verbs, choose the perfective verb. Resolved - formed from solve (sov.v), spelled NN. Abandoned - formed from quit (sov.v), spelled NN.
How many N is written in words with several roots: raw smoked ... ny; quick-frozen ... and so on.?	By itself, the presence of two roots is not a condition for double N. Fresh frozen. Raw-smoked. In order for two Hs to appear in the suffix of such words, one of the conditions noted in the rule must work. Freshly cut (prefix C- before the root -KOSH-). Quick-frozen (prefix FOR- before the root - ICE-). Distinguish between words like lightly wounded and lightly wounded. In the first case, we have a compound word (medical term) in which there are no conditions for HH; in the second case, there is a dependent word that requires writing HH.
How many N are written in short participles? The meeting is over... but. Mina defuse ... on.	In short participles, one letter H is written, regardless of whether they contain prefixes, dependent words, etc. The meeting is over. The mine has been disabled.

Н and НН in adjectives formed from nouns

The choice of Н or НН in adjectives formed from nouns is determined by which word and with the help of which suffix this adjective was formed.

Rat..th poison; living room; remarkable .. th nature.

Find out what noun the word is derived from.

Write HH
If one H is in the stem of a noun, and the second H is an adjective suffix: -	If you have a suffix -IN-:
If you have suffixes in front of you -ENN- / -ONN-: leaf(s) - - station(s) - - Exceptions: windy but without windy under windy	If you have suffixes in front of you -AN- / -YAN-: silver) - - leather) - - Remember: glass tin wooden constant nameless

The rule is also suitable for short adjectives ( road).

Rat poison - rat(s) + .

Living room - guest + .

Uncommon nature - .

Н and НН in full verbal adjectives and participles

Dried linen; frenzied ..th speed; sold..th product.

In full verbal adjectives and participles, NN is written in the presence of any of the conditions noted below.

Terms of writing HH:

3) there is -OVA- / -EVA- in the word:

Exceptions:

4) the word is formed from a perfective verb (question what to do?):

solved case ( decide- owls. in.).

Exception:

Н and НН in short verbal adjectives and short participles

She is modest and well-mannered..a; she was brought up .. at a boarding school; she is always collected..a and organized..a.

She is modest and well-mannered - this is a short verbal adjective.

She was raised in a boarding school - this is a short communion.

She is always collected and organized - these are short verbal adjectives.

n n and nn

One letter n is written:

-in-, -an-, -yan-: (exceptions: );

Two letters n are written:

-n- n:

-me: .

-enn-, -onn-:

Note 1. The exception is the word windy -nn: windless, leeward.

Note 2. (oil oily (wind windy(1) - with the wind; windy (hydrochloric- consisting of salt; salty- contains salt

n

n

Note .

Denominative adjectives can have one letter n, or maybe two. Spelling n and nn in adjectives, it obeys certain rules.

One letter n is written:

a) in primitive adjectives, that is, not formed from other parts of speech: young, green, spicy, ruddy, pig, crimson;

b) in adjectives with suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan-: animal, sandy, silver(exceptions: glass, pewter, wood);

Two letters n are written:

a) in adjectives formed with the suffix -n- from nouns whose stem ends in n: autumn, temporary, lunar, valuable;

b) in adjectives formed from nouns in -me: nameless, seminal, stirrup.

c) in adjectives with suffixes -enn-, -onn-: courageous, straw, debatable.

Note 1. The exception is the word windy. However, adjectives with this root that have a prefix are written with -nn: windless, leeward.

Note 2. It is necessary to distinguish between words that are close in meaning, but not identical, therefore, spelled differently: oil cooler - oily pancake(oil- consisting of oil, made in oil, running on oil; oily- impregnated, soiled, oiled); wind turbine - windy day, windy youth (wind- propelled by wind windy(1) - with the wind; windy(2) - frivolous, frivolous); salt column - pickled cucumber (hydrochloric- consisting of salt; salty- contains salt

2. So many letters are saved in the short form of adjectives n how much was in full form: the road is deserted (desert), the apple is green (green). However, the short form of the adjective (nominative formation) should be distinguished from the short form of the passive participle and the short form of the verbal adjective.

3. In nouns formed from adjectives, the same number is written n how many in the words from which they are formed: confusion (confused), contemporary (modern).

Note. The spelling of some words you need to remember: living room, hotel (gostiny dvor), worker, dowry.

24 - the use of b and b signs in various functions

. Dividing b written after consonants before letters i, yu, yo, e, transmitting combinations [ j] with vowels, in the following cases.

1. After prefixes ending in a consonant. Examples:

a) in words with Russian prefixes: non-nuclear, awake, enraged, pissed off, rumpled, interlingual, eat up, go around, departure, lift, pre-anniversary, present, disperse, detachable, eat, cringe, sarcastic, supernatural, super-capacity, super-bright;

Note. Letter b traditionally also written in the word flaw, although from- is not a prefix in it.

b) in words with prefixes of foreign origin: countertier, post-nuclear, post-anniversary, subunit, subnucleus, superyacht, trans-European.

Words of foreign origin are also written with the initial parts ab-, ad-, dis-, in-, inter-, con-, ob-, sub-, which are prefixes in the source language, but are usually not distinguished as prefixes in Russian. These include: abjuration, adjective, adjectivation, adjunct, ajustage, adjutant, disjunction, injection, injected, interjection, coadjutor, conjecture, conjugates, conjugation, conjunctiva, conjunctiva, conjunctivitis, conjuncture, conjunction, object, objective, subject, subjective.

2. In compound words: a) after the initial parts two, three, four, for example: two-anchor, two-capacity, three-core, four-tier; b) in words pan-European, courier.

Note. After the initial parts of compound words, the separator b traditionally not written, for example: military lawyer, state language, children, party cell, food fair, spetseda, business unit, foreign language, Inyurkollegiya, Ministry of Justice.

3. Letter b it is also written when transmitting foreign proper names and words derived from them (after letters that convey paired solid consonants), for example: Kizilyurt(city in Dagestan), Torjal(village in the Republic of Mari El), Guo Hengyu(Chinese personal name), Hengyang(city in China) Tazabagyab culture(archaeological), Jyväsjärvi(a lake in Finland), Manyoshu(anthology of ancient Japanese poetry).

Note. In this case, the separator b also possible before a letter and , for example: Junichiro(Japanese name).

Section 28. In all cases, except those specified in § 27, after consonants before letters i, yu, yo, e, and , transmitting combinations [ j] with vowels, spelled separator b . Examples: ya : devil, Yudyachy, monkey, billiards, family, drunk, ears of corn, draw, shepherd's, Lukyan; ew : loach, interview, pour, family, drink, trot, fifty, sew, fyut(interjection); yo : nightingale, gun, pours, crow, serious, life, whose, we sew; ye : premiere, play, courier, entertainer, jam, lull, Vietnam, Fourier; uh : passerine, nightingales, fritters, bearish, vary, articles, whose, Vigny.

Note. In some words of foreign origin, the dividing b written before about (in words broth, guillotine others

25- spelling of adverbs

arechia with prefixes must be distinguished from similar nouns, adjectives and pronouns with prepositions: at first I did not understand, but: from the beginning of the year; the egg was boiled hard-boiled, but: up a steep hill; you will read, then you will write, but: behind that house.

Note. Combinations close in meaning to adverbs are written separately with prepositions: tirelessly, radically (to change everything), straight away, in step (to go), tight-fitting, alone (works), barely enough, in general, point-blank, abroad, at home (task), at hand (lives), etc. If there are doubts about the continuous or separate spelling of a combination of an adverbial type, you need to consult the dictionary.

90. After the hissing adverbs at the end, it is written ь, for example: jump, wide open, completely.
Exceptions: really, unbearable, married.

91. In adverbs with prefixes from-, do-, s-, a is written at the end: long time ago, red-hot, first (they originated from the genitive case of an adjective or noun), and in adverbs with prefixes v-, na-, it will be written at the end o: left, left, dead (they originated from the accusative case).
Note. This does not include cases where y is clearly heard at the end, for example: foolishly.

92. At the end of adverbs, after hissing under stress, it is written about: fresh, hot, naked.
Exception: more.

93. The hyphen is written:
1) in adverbs in -ski, -i, -mu with a prefix in -: in a comradely way, in a wolf way, in a new way, in my opinion, apparently, as before, in an empty way (and also in a Latin);
2) in adverbs firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc.;
3) in adverbs with something, -something, -either, -anywhere: somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, sometime;
4) in adverbs formed by the repetition of words: a little bit, tightly, little by little.

Note 1. Adverbs in y, -enka, -onka with a prefix are written together: equally, simply, for a long time, in vain, little by little, gently.
Note 2 . Adverbs formed from the names of people are written with a lowercase letter: in Michurin, in Suvorov.

94.Adverbs why, why, because, because, why, then they are written together, For example:

1) Why (why) did he not come? - He fell ill, therefore (therefore, therefore) he did not come;

2) Why (why) is he worried? - He is worried then (because) he might be late for the train.

95. In twelve adverbs, neither and neither are written together: once, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, never, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, nothing, not at all, not at all. Under stress is written not, without stress - neither.

96.Adverbs formed from adjectives with two n retain these two n: an absent-minded person - looks absent-mindedly, a frightened facial expression - looks frightened.

Note. Adverbs with two 'I's should be distinguished from short passive participles with one 'I'. Adverbs are related to verbs and serve as adverbs; short participles refer to nouns or pronouns and serve as predicates: he spoke excitedly, the sea is excited.

In negative adverbs, under stress is written not, without stress - neither (in both cases, the spelling is continuous). For example: no time to deal with trifles - never dealt with trifles; in the summer there was nowhere to play - the children did not play anywhere; there is nowhere to wait for news - news did not come from anywhere.

26- spelling of negative and indefinite pronouns

In order to avoid mistakes when writing the pronouns of these categories, you must remember two rules :

Pronouns with particles -TO, -OR, - ANYTHING and SOME- are written with a hyphen. For example: SOMEONE, SOMETHING, SOMEWHERE, SOMEONE. If the particle KOE- is separated from the pronoun by a preposition, then it is written separately, for example, SOME OF WHOM;
- in negative and indefinite pronouns, the prefix is ​​NOT written under stress, and NI - in an unstressed position. For example: SOMEONE - NOBODY, NOTHING - NOTHING. If NOT and NOR are separated from the pronoun by a preposition, then they must be written separately, for example: NOT FROM ANYONE, ABOUT ANYTHING.

27- spelling of prepositions

Prepositions because of, from under, over and the like are written with a hyphen: get the textbook from under the pillow, jump out from behind the corner. Not in prepositions in spite of, in spite of, it is written together. Distinguish! Despite the (pretext) decent age (despite age), he retained an amazing freshness of the face. Without looking (Greek with a negative particle not (not looking)) down, he carefully walked along the edge of the cliff.

Prepositions are written together: in view of, instead of, like, due to, towards, like, about, after, inside, over, over. They should be distinguished from similar-sounding nouns with prepositions. Usually, the preposition can be easily replaced without changing the meaning by a synonymous non-derivative preposition: as a result - because of; towards - to; in view of - because of; like - like; about - oh, about; after - after, etc. To fail due to (preposition (due to, due to)) overheating. Do not interfere in the investigation (noun with a pretext (in the course of the investigation)). Cancel the trip due to (pretext (for reason, because of)) an impending thunderstorm. Keep in mind (noun with preposition); keep in mind (n. (close to the shore)) the shore.

Prepositions are written separately: in the form, during, in continuation, in conclusion, in completion, in contrast to, in comparison with, in connection with, upon completion, upon arrival. Prepositions due to, like, during, in continuation, in contrast to, in conclusion, at the end have -e at the end. Prepositions in comparison with, during, upon arrival, at the end - -and. Combinations with prepositions upon arrival, at the end always have a meaning after something. Combinations with prepositions during, in continuation, in conclusion always have the meaning of time. Do not sleep during the day. (we write at the end e, if the preposition answers the question for how long?) Turn in the course of the (n.) river, intervene in the calm course of (n.) events.

28- Spelling Particles

1. Particles would (b), whether (l), same (g) written separately , except when they are part of whole words (so that, really, even it. P.).

2. Particles -something, -either, -anything, something (coy-), -the same, -ka, -de, - are written with a hyphen.

Particle something (something) separated from the pronoun by a preposition, written separately (with someone).

Particle still written with a hyphen only after adverbs (again) and verbs (took it) in other cases - separately (he still didn’t come; he built a dacha for himself). Combination all the same written in three words.

Particles as if, after all, they say and others, as well as combinations almost, just now etc. are written separately.