Verbs, names and adverbs in a sentence can act as introductory words, which in one way or another - grammatically, lexically, intonation - express the speaker’s attitude to what he is reporting.

Compare two sentences:

This question, it seemed made it difficult for the guest.

Face his it seemed calm.

In both examples the word is used it seemed , but only in the second case is this word included in the members of the sentence: there it is part of a compound nominal predicate.

In the first example the word it seemed serves only to express the speaker’s attitude towards what he is reporting. Such words are called introductory words; they are not part of the sentence and can easily be omitted, for example: This question... made the guest difficult. Please note that in the second sentence, skip the word it seemed impossible.

Compare some more examples in the table:

Many words can be used as introductions. But there is a group of words that are never introductory. Read two sentences:

There will obviously be a good harvest this year;
There will certainly be a good harvest this year.

The first sentence uses the word obviously, in the second – certainly . Although these words are very close in meaning, only the word from the first sentence is separated by commas and is introductory. The words presented below need to be remembered: they are very similar to introductory ones, but they are not commas are not separated:

PERHAPS, SUDDENLY, SUDDENLY, SO, HARDLY, STILL, EVEN, EXACTLY, AS IF, JUST, CAREFULLY, MANDATORY, ALMOST, ONLY, ALLEGEDLY.

Introductory words can convey five different types of meaning:

Most often, with the help of introductory words, the speaker conveys various degree of confidence in what he reports. For example: You will undoubtedly do well on the exam. or It seems like you need to study more. This group includes the words:

OF COURSE, OF COURSE, UNDOUBTEDLY, UNDOUBTEDLY, WITHOUT A DOUBT, UNCONDITIONALLY, ACTUALLY, SEEMED, PROBABLY, POSSIBLY, POSSIBLY.

Introductory words can also convey feelings and attitude speaker to what he is communicating. For example: Unfortunately, you did not pass the exam very well.

FORTUNELY, UNFORTUNATELY, SURPRISINGLY, UNFORTUNATELY.

Sometimes introductory words indicate on The source of information, which is reported by the speaker. Introductory phrases in this case begin with the words BY MESSAGE, BY WORDS, BY OPINION. For example: According to doctors, you need to stop training for a while.

The source of the message may also be the speaker himself (IN MY OPINION, IN MY OPINION) or the source may be uncertain (THE SAY IS HEARD). For example: They say you will have to stop training.

ACCORDING TO THE MESSAGE, ACCORDING TO WORDS, ACCORDING TO OPINION, ACCORDING TO RUMORS, SAYING, HEARD, IN MY OPINION, IN MY OPINION, IN YOUR OPINION.

Introductory words are also used For organizing thoughts and indications of their connections with each other. For example: Firstly, this participle was formed from a perfective verb; secondly, it has dependent words. Therefore, it must contain two letters N.

FIRSTLY, SECONDLY, THIRDLY, FINALLY, CONSEQUENTLY, MEAN, SO, OPPOSITE, FOR EXAMPLE, ON THE CONVERSE.

There are also sentences where introductory words indicate on way of organizing thoughts. For example: In a word, everything went well.

IN OTHERWISE, IN ONE WORD, IT IS BETTER TO SAY, TO SPEAK SOFTLY.

Introductory words also include words that serve to attract attention interlocutor:

YOU KNOW (KNOW), UNDERSTAND (UNDERSTAND), LISTEN (LISTEN), SEE (SEE) and others.

These same meanings can be expressed not only by introductory words, but also by similar predicative constructions (introductory sentences). Compare: The snowfall will probably end soon And The snowfall, I think, will end soon. In addition to commas, parentheses or dashes can be used to highlight introductory sentences. This is done when the introductory construction is very common and contains additional comments or explanations. For example:

We're passing through our village once, years ago - how can I tell you without lying - about fifteen years old. (Turgenev)
Alexei (the reader already recognized him) Meanwhile, he gazed intently at the young peasant woman. (Pushkin)

The rule for separating introductory words and sentences has several very important notes.

If the introductory word is preceded by the conjunction A or BUT, then a comma is not always placed between the introductory word and the conjunction. Compare a couple of sentences:
The doctor finished the appointment but of course, will look at a seriously ill patient.
He gave his word and consequently, must restrain him.

The introductory word can be rearranged or removed without a conjunction only in the first case, therefore a comma is required between the introductory word and the conjunction. This is impossible to do in the second sentence, which means there is no comma.

Very often difficulties arise in sentences with the words HOWEVER and FINALLY. The word HOWEVER is highlighted only when it cannot be replaced by the conjunction BUT. Compare two sentences:
However we understand that this figure is still low(HOWEVER = BUT) . Bye, however, we don't yet have a clear picture of what's happening(HOWEVER – introductory word) .

The word FINALLY is introductory only when it does not have a spatial or temporal meaning, but indicates the order of thoughts. For example:
I hope that in the near future this project finally will be implemented. AND, finally, The last thing I would like to draw your attention to.

Introductory words can begin a separate construction, for example, a clarifying phrase. In this case, a comma is not placed after the introductory word (in other words, the comma, which was supposed to “close” the introductory word, is moved to the end of the separate phrase).

I saw, or rather felt, that she was not indifferent to me.

In addition, a comma is not placed before an introductory word located at the end of a separate phrase.

For the holidays we decided to go somewhere, to Kolomna for example.

If the introductory word is in the middle of a separate construction, then it is separated by commas on a common basis.

I decided to declare my love, feeling, it seems, in my heart that she was not indifferent to me.


If introductory words are located before a phrase beginning with the words “how” or “so that,” then they are separated by commas.

The day she lived seemed meaningless to her, in fact, like all life.
He thought for a moment, probably, to find the right words.

Exercise

1. The portraits hung opposite the mirror.
2. On the contrary, he didn’t even change his face.
3. On the one hand_ I completely agree with you.
4. On one side, the coin depicted a double-headed eagle.
5. The truth is always better than a lie.
6. I_really_ was somewhat surprised by this news.
7. In spring_possible_flooding.
8. There may be a flood in the spring.
9. Everyone in our city is already talking about this.
10. In Greece_ they say_ everything is there.
11. Maybe you deigned to express yourself this way for the beauty of the style? (Gogol).
12. According to weather forecasters, it will be colder next week.
13. As scientists say, global warming awaits us.
14. The train leaves in an hour_ therefore_ we need to leave the house.
15. Fortunately_ Pechorin was deep in thought (Lermontov).
16. We have gathered here_first_to resolve the issue of the timing of the work.
17. He didn’t want to shoot himself - thank God - he didn’t want to try... (Pushkin).
18. Of course_ you have seen the district young lady’s album (Pushkin) more than once.
19. In one word, you got off easy.
20. So_ now we can draw a conclusion.
21. “You don’t bother me at all,” he objected, “if you please, shoot yourself, but as you please; your shot remains behind you; I am always ready at your service (Pushkin).
22. She suffered for a very long time after separation, but as you know, time heals any wounds.
23. The wind, however, was strong.
24. Fedya brought flowers_ however_ Masha didn’t like it.
25. A strong, yet warm wind blew through the window.
26. As is known, a good upbringing can be obtained in boarding schools (Gogol).
27. However_ there are various improvements and changes in methods... (Gogol).
28. You_ definitely_ should come to us.
29. I took the ace of hearts from the table, as I remember now, and threw it up (Lermontov).
30. However, General Khvalynsky himself did not like to talk about his career; He seems to have never been to war (Turgenev).
31. You will become wild_ you know_ if you live locked up all the time (Gogol).
32. He was probably a grateful person and wanted to pay for his good treatment.
33. You supposedly had to come to his office and report on the trip.
34. Yes_ I confess_ I thought so myself.
35. I still decided to do it my own way.
36. Ivan Petrovich, you know, was an extraordinary man.
37. Nobody, of course, went to see him (Turgenev).
38. Gleb, as far as I knew, studied well at the Bryansk gymnasium (Paustovsky).
39. But perhaps the reader is already tired of sitting with me at Ovsyannikov’s house, and therefore I eloquently fall silent (Turgenev).
40. My arrival—I could have noticed it—at first somewhat confused the guests.
41. However_ the political process began to develop in a different way.
42. In my last report, I hastened to inform you that we finally managed to solve this problem.
43. The experiences of transformations that happened around us had, without a doubt, a strong influence on the thoughts of the majority of people involved in them (M. M. Speransky).
44. A group of border guards led by an officer approached the violators with the intention, as had happened before, to protest and demand that they leave the territory.
45. Finalization of the agreement will probably take several more months.
46. Secondly, there are a lot of abuses in the field of international tourism.
47. However, if we remain committed to the spirit and letter of this document, it could not have been otherwise.
48. We all know well, and everyone here knows well, that on the western, or as they say, the second front, about 1.5 million Allied troops and about 560 thousand German troops were concentrated.
49. This modest, symbolic gesture seems to me to be full of deep meaning.
50. Fortunately, the examples mentioned above are the exception, not the rule.
51. Increased baggage value may be claimed for certain types of items.
52. The reason for this is obvious: when the mind begins to recognize the price of freedom, it dismisses with carelessness all the children's toys, so to speak, with which it amused itself in its infancy (M. M. Speransky).
53. Pravda_ spoke to me politely, did not force me to do anything, and I remember having the impression that he did not look at all these accusations seriously.
54. But in our case, the truth quickly came out, and we were soon released.

Sometimes users of our site have problems related to the fact that they cannot leave comments on the site.

Those. When trying to leave a message or register, the user receives messages like this:

1. Unfortunately, you cannot register on our website because it has been recorded that your IP address was previously used to send spam.
If you have never spammed, it means that your IP address has been used by spammers before, you need to change your IP address with your Internet provider and you will be able to register on our website.

2. You cannot add comments because spam was sent from your IP address or mailbox.
If you have not done this, contact your provider; perhaps your IP address has previously been used to send spam.

3. Or the user receives messages that the verification code was entered incorrectly.

I can tell you right away: I cannot influence this situation.

The message clearly indicates a possible reason for denial of access to registration or the ability to write messages:
- the verification code was typed incorrectly (if you see that the characters are hard to read, you can update the code)
- your email address was used to send spam, or
- your IP address is included in the spam list of specialized services.

Service for checking whether an IP address is in the spam list

How to get out of the situation:

1
- the verification code was entered incorrectly

No options - you entered the code incorrectly.
If you see or are not sure that you can repeat the code that needs to be copied, simply update it with a button specially designed for this. Until you find one that you can repeat.

2
Previously, the email address was used to send spam
There are no options - since your email address is in the spammers database, then nothing can be done.
Please use a different email address.

3
It has been detected that your IP address has previously been used to send spam.

Possible reasons:
- you sent spam and your IP address is included in the ban list/black list of systems that monitor this
- you use "public" access to access the network.

There are several options to solve the problem.

As a rule, providers allocate a random IP address to a large number of users to access the network, and someone could send spam.
And it took its toll on you.
In this case, some sites will be closed to you, and not only the www site....

What can be done:
- register on the website www.aikidoka.ru (or its subdomain) from another computer from another location.
- contact your provider with a request/demand to change your dynamic IP address
- contact your provider to allocate you a personal static IP address (this costs money... on average 150-200 rubles per month), but such an IP will be yours personally.

You can try to change your dynamic IP address yourself:
- turn off all equipment with which you connect to the network for at least an hour (you can turn it off at night).
As a rule, after turning the equipment back on, the dynamic IP address is reset and another dynamic IP address is allocated and there is a chance that it is not on the spam list.

The Russian language is diverse and unique. He is one of the richest in vocabulary, thanks to him Russian literature has unprecedented success, as it perfectly accurately conveys the mood of the author. At the same time one of the most difficult languages. Children in schools study the subject of the Russian language for eleven years, and at the end of their studies they take exams in it. The difficulty lies in its ambiguity - in different cases the spelling is radically different. It happens that teachers doubt many issues, which forces them to open special dictionaries. Probably, many are confused in such moments, because school knowledge is forgotten over time.

Introductory words

With the help of introductory words and constructions, the speaker is able to express his emotions. Such designs can convey joy, regret, surprise, confidence, fear and many other feelings. They are also used to evaluate an action and attract attention. In the text, such words and constructions are separated by commas. However, some people have doubts about writing introductory words and separating them.

"Unfortunately" is an introductory word

This introductory phrase refers to the category of feelings of regret and disapproval. Like all other introductory words, “unfortunately” stands out in writing and in the text, regardless of where this phrase appears. This construction is never written together. It is allowed to dilute the design with some semantic words.

Introductory word "unfortunately" - examples:

• To my regret, he was not able to visit the art gallery, although I had long wanted to visit there.
• Unfortunately, I do not share your point of view; it seems too unfounded to me.
• Unfortunately, you weren't home for a long time.
• Unfortunately, the abundance of unnecessary noise made it difficult to concentrate on important thoughts.
• To your regret, he does not have free time that he could devote to you.
• Thank you for the invitation to work, but, unfortunately, I got a job in another branch and have to decline your invitation.

It can be seen that the introductory construction fits harmoniously into any part of the sentence, while the semantic load does not change.

Noun with preposition

The introductory construction can change into a noun with a preposition. It depends on the meaning of the sentence. Then the phrase is not isolated in writing and is written separately, as before.

• Unfortunately, there was an added feeling of inevitable melancholy.
• Unfortunately, a feeling of resentment was also added.

"Unfortunately" is always separated by commas regardless of location in the sentence? and got the best answer

Answer from VeroNika[guru]
Here are 2 cases when it does not stand out:
§99. Introductory words and phrases
If the introductory word is at the beginning or end of a separate phrase, then it is not separated from the phrase by any sign; if the introductory word is in the middle of a separate phrase, then it is separated by commas on a common basis. For example:
And Pyotr Petrovich, at least in many ways, is a very respectable man (Dostoevsky); A woman, freckled, red-haired, looking like a cuckoo, apparently his wife, kept shouting hysterically (Panferov); In the middle of the clearing grew a large tree, apparently an elm.
Here are examples with our introductory comma removed:
The first site you come across, which unfortunately does not inspire confidence in many ways, does not provide any guarantees of employment.
The next sign, unfortunately interpreted differently by many socionics, is called “statics - dynamics”.
- --- --- --- --- ---
-
Here are more examples when our word is separated on only one side:
After the connecting conjunction (at the beginning of an independent sentence), a comma is usually not placed:
And unfortunately, I didn’t find anything on this issue in your program.
But unfortunately we had to cancel the football match.
Yes, unfortunately, I didn’t have time.
However, unfortunately, in my first childhood years he traveled a lot and was at home too rarely.
Source: Rosenthal... SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION, LITERARY EDITING GUIDE

Answer from Liza Bitsadze[active]
Yes, this is an introductory word!

Answer from Irina Antsupova[guru]
Yes.
Unfortunately, he was not that rich...
Unfortunately, he was not that rich.
He was not that rich, unfortunately.

Answer from Elena[guru]
Yes

Answer from Bella Thorne[newbie]
Yes. Sometimes it is ""preposition"" for a subordinate clause, so ""unfortunately"" is separated by commas

Answer from Katya Siling[newbie]
Always because this is an introductory word.

Answer from Temple Knight[guru]
Gangnam Style

Answer from 3 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: “Unfortunately” is always separated by commas, regardless of location in the sentence?

Compound and nominal predicate. Introductory words and introductory sentences. There are punctuation marks with them. Example. Thank you in advance: *
1. Grammatical connection - Lyrics are the highest manifestation of art. (Verbs to be, to appear.