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Presentation author: Svetlana Pechkazova, teacher of the Russian language and literature, MBOU "Lyceum No. 1", village Chamzinka of the Republic of Mordovia Didactic material to the lesson of literature in grade 5

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PURPOSE OF THE LESSON: to help students analyze A.P. Platonov’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”, understand the topic, idea, moral lessons, features of visual and expressive means

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The author of the fairy tale "Warm Bread" Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky is known as a humanist writer who, with the help of subtle humor and the exact word, knows how to awaken the best in a person: kindness, sympathy, compassion. VP Astafiev It seems to me that real writers always have a particle of something fabulous in their feeling of joy from a finished work. It was as if the writer took his friend tightly by the hand and led him into life, into a country full of events and light. "Look!" - he says, and the doors of houses open in front of a friend, and he sees touching and sad, funny and heroic stories. K. Paustovsky ("The Joy of Creativity")

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Fairy tale "Warm bread" What is the storyline of the fairy tale "Warm bread"? When the cavalrymen passed through the village of Berezhki, an enemy shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded a black horse, and he remained in Berezhki. And then the war ended with our complete victory. The old miller Pankrat got out of his wounded horse and with his help restored the mill. People were able to grind grain and bake bread from flour. Life in the village began to improve, but the boy Filka, nicknamed "Well, you" offended the horse - he did not share bread, and even threw a piece of bread on the ground. Suddenly a severe frost set in, everything was covered with ice, even the mill wheel was iced over. And it would have been bad for everyone if Filka had not guessed to ask the horse for forgiveness and bring warm bread for reconciliation. The sun shone and the ice began to melt.

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Fairy tale "Warm bread" Boy Filka, nicknamed "Well, you" Who the protagonist fairy tales "Warm bread"? What can his nickname tell about Filka? The protagonist of the tale appears before us as "silent, distrustful", and the nickname "Well, you" speaks of his laziness, selfishness, "unkindness" and even rudeness. These features of Filka were especially vividly manifested in the scene with the horse: “Come on! Devil!" Filka shouted and hit the horse on the lips with a backhand.

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The fairy tale "Warm bread" The boy Filka, nicknamed "Well, you" at the beginning of the tale is rude, angry, proud, indifferent

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Fairy tale "Warm bread" Why did Filka hit the horse? The miller Pankrat took pity on the wounded horse and sheltered him. But it was not easy for an elderly man to feed a horse in winter. The animal was fed by all the inhabitants of the village of Berezhki: they brought him stale bread, carrots, beet tops - whoever could. Only the indifferent boy Filka did not feed the animal. Filka hit the lips of a hungry horse, which reached for a piece of bread, and threw a chunk into the snow.

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Fairy tale "Warm bread" What is the retribution for a cruel act? Nature seemed to rebel because of such cruel treatment of the horse. From this moment fantastic events begin to happen in the fairy tale. The horse “wagged its tail and immediately ... a piercing wind whistled, snow blew ...”. A snow storm immediately began, the water at the mill froze. And now the whole village was in danger of remaining hungry, since it was not possible to grind grain into flour and bake delicious rolls from it.

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The fairy tale "Warm bread" What story does the grandmother tell? The story told to Filka by her grandmother is also like a fairy tale. Grandmother remembered a similar act in relation to the legless, hungry soldier. The culprit of that incident soon died, and the nature of the village of Berezhki for another 10 years did not please either a flower or a leaf. After all, then, too, a snow blizzard came and it got colder.

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Fairy tale "Warm bread" Who did Filka turn to for help? Filka realized his bad deed and decided to improve. In severe frost, he went for help to the miller Pankrat. Pankrat advised the boy to invent a rescue from the cold and gave Filka an hour and a quarter for this.

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Fairy tale "Warm bread" What did Filka come up with? Frightened by such consequences of his act, Filimon gathered the guys to chop the ice around the mill with axes and crowbars. The old people also came to the rescue. Adult men were then at the front. People worked all day, and nature appreciated their efforts.

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Fairy tale "Warm bread" How did the boy atone for his guilt? In the village of Berezhki, a warm wind suddenly blew, and water poured onto the blades of the mill. Grandmother Filka baked bread from ground flour, the boy took one loaf and carried it to the horse. He did not immediately, but took a treat and made peace with the child, putting his head on his shoulder.

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The fairy tale "Warm bread" The boy Filka, nicknamed "Well, you" at the end of the fairy tale is soft, kind, sincere, merciful

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Fairy tale "Warm bread" What good advice does Paustovsky sound in a fairy tale? Know how to make a mistake - know how to recover. (Proverb) To correct, stop evil, one must do a good deed. When people get down to business together, they can do a lot. Man and nature are inseparable, and man should not forget this. You can't be indifferent to the world around you. It is necessary to treat people with kindness, and then life will become easier, more interesting. We must be able to forgive mistakes, because everyone can make mistakes ...

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Fairy tale "Warm Bread" Name the compositional parts of the fairy tale BEGINNING FAIRY TALE (development of the action) Fairy-tale and real events fairy-tale and realistic ending A wonderful combination of the hard efforts of people and the fairy-tale intervention of magic and fantasy transform interesting story about a wounded horse and the boy Filka into a wonderful fairy tale that helps us think about our actions and become more kind and friendly .. realistic (what, where and when)

People often commit rash acts of rudeness, and then, seeing the consequences, try to make amends. Such a case is described in the tale of K. Paustovsky "Warm Bread".

The protagonist of the work is Filka. This is a village boy who lived with his grandmother. The writer does not indicate his age, but his behavior suggests that we are facing a teenager.

K. Paustovsky does not describe the appearance of the hero, but focuses on his character. A few words are enough for the reader to get an idea about the boy: "he was silent, incredulous." Filka was very fond of the phrase: "Yes, well, you." So he answered both peers and children. Because of this habit, he received the nickname: "Well, you"

The boy was rude, but you can call him evil. The grandmother scolded her grandson for being unkind, but he only waved him off: “Come on! Tired! Perhaps his unsociableness is due to the fact that he did not have parents. But it is impossible to say for sure, because the author does not tell why Filka lived with his grandmother.

One winter day, the boy was left alone at home. While he was chewing bread and salt, he heard someone knock on the gate. Going out into the street, the hero saw a horse. The whole village knew the animal that lived with the miller Pankrat. The horse was wounded by the Germans, and the miller picked it up, but could not feed it. The villagers loved him very much and took turns feeding him.

What about Filka? He went out into the street with a piece of bread. But he did not treat the "guest". He shouted at the horse with his favorite phrase, adding a sharp: "Devil!" and threw the bread into the snow. So the boy not only offended an innocent animal, but also abused bread.

Because of Filka's act, the whole village suffered. Winter bound her with an unprecedented cold. Filkin's grandmother knew that this was a punishment for the bad deed of one of the residents. The same cold already descended to the earth a hundred years ago. The old woman told her grandson about this, not hiding the fact that now “imminent death” awaits people. The boy was frightened and started crying.

Filka guessed what was the matter and decided to fix everything. This speaks of the hero's ability to admit his guilt and take responsibility for his actions. He did not confess to his grandmother that he was to blame for the big trouble, and did not say that he was going to the miller. Apparently, he did not want to worry the old woman, and he was ashamed of his stupid act.

When the boy found out that he would correct the mistake if he broke through the ice and started the mill, he immediately set to work. The hero gathered people and together they were able to cope. Here it should be remembered that Filka was unsociable, which means that in order to convene the peasants, he managed to step over himself.

The image of the hero is dynamic, because his character changes by the end of the tale. Introverted, unkind Filka turns into a sympathetic little boy who happily helps people.

Filka from K. Paustovsky's fairy tale "Warm Bread" appears before the reader in two guises, and each of them has something to learn. After reading the work, you understand that rudeness and coldness can play a very cruel joke on a person. The changed Filka proves that everything can be fixed, one has only to listen to one's conscience.

What does the fairy tale "Warm Bread" teach?

Lesson-workshop on literature on the topic: K.G. Paustovsky "Warm bread". Moral problems in a fairy tale.

• to organize the reading activity of students on the basis of their personal observations, life experience in order to comprehend the meaning of the fairy tale;
• to teach to see and understand the process of formation of the image, the meaning of the actions of the hero;
• show which moral issues raised in a fairy tale.
• Develop the ability to work with text, reference literature; improve the ability to conduct monologue and dialogic speech; ability to work in pairs;
• Draw conclusions from what you hear.
• Cultivate a caring attitude towards the environment; desire to take care of animals; come to the aid of friends.

Equipment: writing on the board, cards, epigraph, crossword,

To give warmth to others is to warm yourself.

1. Organizational moment.

Hello guys! Sit down!

2. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Guys, today we will work on the content of the fairy tale; let's name the character traits of Filka, which he acquired in the course of the fairy tale; Let's think about what it means to give warmth to others - to warm yourself. We will work in pairs; remember that working in pairs, you are responsible not only for yourself, but also for each other. It is necessary to listen to everyone, come to a consensus, consult, and one person answers the question posed.

(Children sit in pairs)

3. Work on the content of the fairy tale.

1. Complete the sentence:

I think it might be warm... What?

(The look of the person, the handshake, the relationship with friends, the home, the generosity of the person, the clothes, and...)

I agree with you that relationships between humans and animals can also be warm. Warmth can and should be given to others. This, guys, is the warmth of the heart that can warm many. Name the heroes of Paustovsky's fairy tale "Warm Bread".

Name the characters in the story.

wounded horse

Melnik Pankrat

Frost, blizzard

Inhabitants of the village of Berezhki

2. Now we will try to reveal the meaning of the fairy tale, to penetrate into the motives of the characters' actions, into their spiritual world. (work in pairs). Children are working on one of the topics

Blizzard and frost.

Magic in a fairy tale.

Wise grandfather Pankrat.

Wounded horse.

Filka's behavior and state of mind.

(Listening to answers to questions, their discussion, evaluation).

3. Answer the questions (each group is offered 2 questions):

What can be said about the character of Filka, judging by his actions, at the beginning of the tale?

Why was he nicknamed "Well You"?

Why did Filka act so cruelly with the horse?

How many times did Filka say the phrase “Yes, you”? Did she always have one sound, one intonation?

Why did the man die in the story told by the grandmother? (From cooling of the heart).

Why? What was he like? (Angry, noisy, sleepy).

What caused such a severe frost in Berezhki? (To know a “bad” person, an offender, wound up in the village and did an evil deed. That’s why the frost).

What was the most important thought for the writer at the time of the creation of the fairy tale? (Show that good conquers evil)

The role of the image of Filka? What vitality did he charge from the villagers? What has he become?

How did the fairy tale end? What character trait did Filka acquire? (kindness).

What, according to the grandmother, was supposed to be corrected by a “bad” person?

CONCLUSION:(slide 6) Good conquers evil, people should be able to correct their mistakes, understand the reason for evil deeds and find strength in themselves for good deeds in order not to let their hearts “freeze” from cruelty and evil.

So what did Filka learn from Paustovsky's fairy tale?

Filka learned to be responsible for his actions; went through fear, remorse; received for his determination to admit his mistake the disinterested help of children and adults; acquired the experience of purifying the soul, when a good deed done makes the soul light and warm in the heart.

Creative work. Creation of the ladder of repentance.

Yes, Filka committed a sin, but he is ready to take the blame for the trouble that happened. Pankrat must forgive him, as mothers and grandmothers usually do, but this does not happen in a fairy tale. Reading the passage "Yes, Pankrat sighed" to the words "an hour and a quarter."

Let's imagine what kind of work the human soul has done on the way to repentance, the atonement of sin; this path is like a ladder, and each step cleanses the conscience, frees from the yoke of guilt. Let's name these steps and build a staircase.

Thanks for the lesson

Atonement for sin

sincere confession

Overcoming the fear of punishment

Awareness of fear

1 step. Awareness, shame for an unrighteous deed, word, intention. You must deeply feel your guilt and understand that you have violated some commandment of God, which means you have done evil.

2 step, which is very difficult to climb, since it will take a lot of willpower - this is overcoming the fear of punishment and shame in front of people who find out about your misconduct.

3 step. Purely heartfelt repentance and repentance before those whom you offended and before God. This is not easy: after all, you need to humble your pride, self-pity. It may seem like you are humiliating yourself. In fact, you only rise in the eyes of people and, above all, in front of your conscience. By sincere repentance you are cleansed and it becomes easy and fun for you.

4 step. But not everyone and not always manages to rise to the fourth step of repentance. Atonement, correction of sin. Bad things happen quickly, and to correct them is a lot of work.

5 step. But the "Ladder of Repentance" has another very high step - Thanks for the lesson.

Who should thank whom and how? - Answer this question at home and you will begin to thank your loved ones for the lessons, albeit strict, but helping you to improve and become better.

4. Solving a crossword puzzle (drawn on a poster):

Questions

1. What was the main character's name in the fairy tale "Warm Bread"? (Filka).
2. Why did the grandmother often reprimand Filke? (Unkindness).
3. What cry did Filka have when he threw the bread far into the loose snow? (Malevolent)
4. What character trait prevailed in the boy at the beginning of the tale? (Cruelty)
5. When the grandmother told Filka a story that happened 100 years ago, what did the boy experience? (Fear)
6. What did Filka want to hear from the miller Pankrat when he came to him on a frosty night? (Advice)
7. What did the boy get for his determination to admit his mistake from the villagers? (Help)
8. What do you feel in your heart from a good deed done? (Warmly)
9. What did Filka bring to the horse along with warm bread? (Friendship)
10. What settled in Filkin's heart at the end of the tale? (Kindness)

CONCLUSION: At first, Filka was a cruel, angry boy; but then, through fear, help and friendship, he acquired warmth and kindness.

5. Drawing up a semantic development of the word: KINDNESS.

(work with dictionaries, figure 1)

And now, using different dictionaries, we will trace what the word “kindness” means.

CONCLUSION: So, KINDNESS is responsiveness, the desire to do good to others. It's borrowed Old Russian language from Old Church Slavonic; Old Slavonic came from the Proto-Indo-European basis: / dobr - * dhabh /. Since the penetration of the word into the composition of the Russian vocabulary, its lexical meaning hasn't changed.

Homonyms - good, kind.

Synonyms - good nature, complacency, kindness, responsiveness,

Kindness.

Antonyms - evil, cruelty.

Good - kind - kindness - good - goodness.

4. Summing up.

So what is the point of the story?

What does she teach us?

How to explain the title of the story?

When were you the most worried?

What was especially interesting?

So what do the words “To give warmth to others mean to warm oneself” mean?

CONCLUSION: Warm bread is not only the gift that the “recovered” Filka makes to the wounded horse, but also the bread that fed the whole village. This is a certain symbol of the changed relations between people.

7. Grades for the lesson. Homework:

Independently compose a crossword puzzle based on the fairy tale “Warm Bread” by K. Paustovsky.

What does the fairy tale of K. G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread” teach? Epigraphs: He knew how to make a mistake - know how to get better (proverb). You should always strive for beauty. K. Paustovsky

PURPOSE OF THE LESSON: To show the inextricable unity of nature and man. Follow the path of the main character from evil to good. Describe the characters and evaluate their actions. Analyze the content of the story.

According to the dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov, KINDNESS is responsiveness, sincere disposition towards people, the desire to do good to others. GOOD - everything positive, good, useful. .

The fairy tale consists of 3 parts Beginning Development of the action ending Realistic (what, where and when) Fairytale and real Fairytale and realistic

Characters of the fairy tale "Warm Bread" yata children villagers

Most close person for Filka - a grandmother. ? Human malice Cooling of the heart. t le 0. 10 ass…. on the

Magpie flew to the warm sea, woke up the summer wind, begged him to fly to the village and bring warmth ... ...

Together they stopped the cold, freed the water, gave Pankrat the opportunity to grind flour for the villagers and bake bread.

Epigraphs: Filka corrected his mistake and by this he proved that he was strong and courageous man, he had enough mental and physical strength to correct the evil deed that he had done, which means that he approached the beautiful. He knew how to make a mistake - know how to get better (proverb). You should always strive for beauty. K. Paustovsky

Real motives: 1. War, a wounded horse, hunger, human malice, an indifferent, embittered boy. 2. A disabled person begging for alms. 3. Filka's decision to go to people for help. 4. Joint work that melted the ice, the return to life of the mill and the village.

Fairy-tale motifs: 1. A miller-sorcerer, a whistle that causes cold and punishes an evil person. 2. Grandmother's story (legend). 3. Magpie flying for help to the warm wind.

"WARM BREAD". LANDSCAPE. K. G. Paustovsky master of landscape. The pictures of nature that the writer creates help to vividly and vividly imagine the place of action, the state of mind of the hero, and look into the future.

Landscape 1. 2. 3. "In clear skies the moon stood, harvested like a bride ... The snow sang underfoot, like an artel of merry sawyers ... It seemed that the air froze and only a void remained between the earth and the moon ... Black willows ... turned gray from the cold. The winter was warm this year. The snow fell and immediately melted ... the water did not freeze, but stood still, and 4 swirled in it. “On frosty days, ice floes rise”. “... immediately howled, a piercing wind whistled, snow blew, powdered Filka's throat ... it was so chalky all around and whipped into his eyes. Frozen straw flew down the wind from the roofs, birdhouses broke ... ”crimson, in heavy smoke ... The wind blew from the south. It got warmer every hour. Icicles fell from the roofs and smashed with a clang.

What did the author want to say with his work? “To give warmth to others is to warm oneself” “An evil deed must be corrected, but in general it is better not to do evil ever and compassion to anyone”

There are many stories that talk about how to live right, what actions to avoid, what to truly appreciate. Usually, the author tells about these difficult truths in the form of an instructive story. Paustovsky is a recognized master of a short story. In his writings there is always a motive of high civic intentions and fidelity to one's duty. In addition, in his creations, a lively story is combined with a heartfelt description of nature. "Warm Bread" is a wonderful example of the writer's artistic skill. We will talk about this work in this article.

Instructive story

During his life, Konstantin Paustovsky composed many outstanding works. "Warm Bread" is a story for children in which the author teaches young readers not to commit evil deeds and never offend defenseless people and animals. This work is more like a fairy tale, even a parable, where Christian commandments about spiritual warmth and love for one's neighbor are conveyed to children in a simple and accessible form.

Title of the work

Konstantin Paustovsky gave a meaningful title to his story. "Warm bread" is a symbol of vitality and spiritual generosity. Bread in Russia was obtained by the peasants with hard work, and therefore the attitude towards it was careful, reverent. And fresh pastries have been the best delicacy on the table in every home for many years. The aroma of bread in Paustovsky's story has miraculous power, it makes people kinder and cleaner.

Beginning of the work

Paustovsky begins his story with a short introduction. "Warm Bread" tells that once, during the war, a combat cavalry detachment was walking through the village of Berezhki. At this time, a shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded the black horse in the leg. The animal could not go further, and the old miller Pankrat took him in. He was always gloomy, but very quick to work, a man whom the local children secretly considered a sorcerer. The old man cured the horse and began to carry on it everything that was necessary for the arrangement of the mill.

Further, Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" tells that the time described in the work was very difficult for ordinary people. Many did not have enough food, so Pankrat could not feed the horse alone. Then the animal began to walk around the yards and ask for food. They took out stale bread, beet tops, even carrots, because they believed that the horse was "public" and suffered for a just cause.

Boy Filka

In his work, Konstantin Paustovsky described the changes that, under the influence of circumstances, occurred in the soul of a child. "Warm Bread" is a story about a boy named Filka. He lived with his grandmother in the village of Berezhki and was rude and distrustful. The hero answered all the reproaches with the same phrase: "Come on!" Once Filka was sitting at home alone and eating delicious bread sprinkled with salt. At this time, a horse entered the yard and asked for food. The boy hit the animal on the lips and threw bread into the loose snow with the words: "You, the Christ-lovers, will not get enough!"

These evil words became a signal for the start of extraordinary events. A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes, he neighed offendedly, waved his tail, and at that moment a severe frost fell on the village. The snow that shot up immediately powdered Filka's throat. He rushed into the house and locked the door behind him with his favorite saying: "Come on!" However, he listened to the noise outside the window and realized that the blizzard was whistling exactly like the tail of an angry horse beating itself on the sides.

Fierce cold

Paustovsky describes amazing things in his story. "Warm Bread" tells about the severe cold that fell to the ground after Filka's rude words. The winter that year was warm, the water near the mill did not freeze, and then such a frost struck that all the wells in Berezhki froze to the very bottom, and the river was covered with a thick crust of ice. Now all the people in the village were waiting for inevitable starvation, because Pankrat could not grind flour at his mill.

old legend

Then Konstantin Paustovsky tells about the old legend. "Warm bread" through the mouth of old Filka's grandmother describes the events that happened in the village a hundred years ago. Then the crippled soldier knocked on the door of a wealthy peasant and asked for food. The sleepy and angry owner, in response, threw a piece of stale bread on the floor and ordered the veteran to pick up the abandoned "treat" himself. The soldier picked up the bread and saw that it was completely covered with green mold, and it was impossible to eat it. Then the offended man went out into the courtyard, whistled, and an icy cold fell on the ground, and the greedy peasant died "from the cooling of his heart."

Awareness of the act

An instructive parable was invented by Paustovsky. "Warm Bread" describes the terrible turmoil that occurred in the soul of a frightened boy. He realized his mistake and asked his grandmother if he and the rest of the people had any hope of salvation. The old woman replied that everything would be fine if the person who had done evil repented. The boy realized that he needed to make peace with the offended horse, and at night, when his grandmother fell asleep, he ran to the miller.

The path to repentance

"Filka's path was not easy," Paustovsky writes. The writer tells that the boy had to overcome a severe cold, such that even the air seemed to be frozen, and there was no strength to breathe. At the miller's house, Filka could no longer run and only struggled heavily through the swept snowdrifts. Sensing the boy, a wounded horse neighed in the barn. Filka was frightened, sat down, but then Pankrat opened the door, saw the child, dragged him by the collar into the hut and sat him by the stove. With tears, Filka told the miller everything. He called the boy a "senseless citizen" and ordered him to figure out a way out of the situation in an hour and a quarter.

Invented way

Further, Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich immerses his hero in deep reflections. In the end, the boy decided in the morning to gather all the village children on the river and start cutting ice with them near the mill. Then water will flow, the ring can be turned, the device will warm up and start grinding flour. So flour and water will again appear in the village. The miller doubted that the guys would want to pay for Filkin's foolishness with their hump, but promised that he would talk to the local old people so that they would go out on the ice.

Getting rid of the cold

K. G. Paustovsky paints a wonderful picture of joint work in his work (the stories of this author are particularly expressive). He tells how all the children and old people went to the river and began to cut the ice. Fires blazed all around, axes rattled, and by common efforts people conquered the cold. True, the warm summer wind, which suddenly blew from the south, also helped. The chatty magpie, which heard the conversation between Filka and the miller, and then flew off in an unknown direction, bowed to everyone and said that it was she who managed to save the village. She seemed to fly to the mountains, found a warm wind there, woke him up and brought him with her. However, no one, except for the crows, understood the magpie, so her merits remained unknown to people.

Reconciliation with the horse

Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" is a wonderful example of prose for children. In it, the writer told how the little rude man learned to do good deeds and watch his words. After the water reappeared on the river, the ring of the mill turned, and freshly ground flour flowed into the bags. From it, women kneaded a sweet tight dough and baked fragrant bread from it. The smell of ruddy pastry with cabbage leaves burnt to the bottom was such that even foxes crawled out of their holes in the hope of feasting on it. And the guilty Filka, together with the guys, came to Pankrat to put up with a wounded horse. He held a loaf of fresh bread in his hands, and the tiny boy Nikolka followed him with a large wooden container of salt. The horse at first backed away and did not want to accept the gift, but Filka wept so desperately that the animal had mercy and took fragrant bread from the boy's hands. When the wounded horse had eaten, he laid his head on Filka's shoulder and closed his eyes from pleasure and satiety. Peace was restored and spring came to the village again.

Bread symbol

Paustovsky called "Warm Bread" one of his favorite compositions. The genre of the work can be defined as a parable about basic Christian values. The symbol of bread plays a key role in it. If black human ingratitude can be compared with a stale crust of moldy bread, then kindness and spiritual generosity can be compared with a sweet and fresh loaf. The boy who carelessly threw a cut piece into the snow has committed a very bad deed. He not only offended the wounded horse, but also neglected the product created by hard work. For this, Filka was punished. Only the threat of starvation helped him understand that even a stale piece of bread must be treated with respect.

Collective responsibility

Schoolchildren study the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky) in the fifth grade. Analyzing this work, children often wonder why the whole village had to answer for the bad deed of one boy. The answer is in the story itself. The fact is that Filka suffered from extreme egocentrism and did not notice anyone around. He was unkind to his grandmother and dismissive of his friends. And only the threat looming over all the inhabitants of the village helped the boy feel responsible for the fate of other people. When the guys came to the aid of the gloomy and distrustful Filka, they melted not only the river, but also his icy heart. Therefore, the summer wind blew over Berezhki even before the boy made peace with the horse.

The role of nature in the work

In the story "Warm Bread" (Paustovsky), the analysis of which is presented in this article, the mighty forces of nature play an important role. At the very beginning of the work, it is told that the winter in the village was warm, the snow melted before reaching the ground, and the river near the mill did not freeze. The weather was warm in Berezhki as long as the wounded horse was fed and pitied there. However, Filka's cruel words and his bad behavior aroused great anger in nature. A severe cold instantly set in, which fettered the river and deprived people of hope for food. The boy had to overcome first the cold in his soul, then the cold outside, in order to atone for his guilt. And only when people all together went out on the ice to save the village, a fresh summer breeze blew as a symbol of Filka's spiritual rebirth.

The power of a word

K. G. Paustovsky was a true Christian. The writer's stories are permeated with kindness and love for people. In the work "Warm Bread" he showed how important it is to follow not only your actions, but also your words. Filka's cruel phrase, ringing in the air, made everything around freeze, because the boy, without realizing it, committed terrible evil. After all, it is precisely from human callousness and indifference that the most serious crimes arise, which, with a different attitude, could have been prevented. To apologize to the offended horse, Filka did not need words, he actually proved that he repented of his own act. And the sincere tears of the boy finally atoned for his guilt - now he will never dare to be cruel and indifferent.

Real and fabulous

Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich skillfully combined fabulous and real motifs in his creations. For example, in "Warm Bread" there are ordinary heroes: Pankrat, Filka, his grandmother, and the rest of the villagers. And invented: magpie, forces of nature. The events that take place in the work can also be divided into real and fabulous. For example, the fact that Filka offended a horse, asked Pankrat about how to correct what he had done, broke ice on the river with the guys and made peace with the animal, there is nothing unusual. On the other hand, the magpie, which brings the summer wind along with it, and the cold that has befallen the village at the call of an angry horse, are clearly out of bounds. ordinary life. All events in the work are organically intertwined, creating a single picture. Thanks to this, "Warm Bread" can be called both a fairy tale and an instructive story at the same time.

ancient words

Folklore motifs are actively used by Paustovsky in his work. "Warm bread", the content of which is saturated with old words and expressions, confirms this. The meaning of many archaisms is not familiar to modern children. For example, in Russia, people who beg for alms were called Christ-lovers. This word was never considered offensive, everyone gave to the needy as much as they could. However, in the story it takes on a negative connotation, because Filka offended the wounded horse, in fact calling him a beggar.

Other archaisms are often used in the story: "cap", "battle", "withered", "nashkodil", "three", "yar", "osokori" and others. They give the work a special flavor, bring it closer to folk fairy tale motifs.

Sin and repentance

Bad deeds must be held accountable. Paustovsky speaks about this in his story. "Warm Bread", whose heroes managed to overcome the cold, testifies that they also coped with the cold that reigned in the soul of a little boy. At first, Filka was simply frightened, but did not realize the depth of his guilt. The boy's grandmother probably guessed what happened, but did not scold him, but told him instructive tale, because the child himself had to realize his mistake. Pankrat taught Filka another lesson - he forced him to independently come up with a way out of this situation. Only by sincere repentance and hard work did the boy manage to win the forgiveness of higher powers. Good again defeated evil, and the thawed soul of the child warmed with its warmth a loaf of fresh bread.

Conclusion

World literature knows many stories with a fascinating plot and an instructive end. One of them was invented by Paustovsky (“Warm Bread”). Reviews of this work indicate that Konstantin Georgievich managed to touch the hearts of his little readers and convey to them important concepts about mercy, love for one's neighbor and responsibility. In an accessible form, the writer described the consequences that rash actions and offensive words can lead to. After all, the main character of the story did not want to harm anyone, but he made a serious mistake. At the very end of the story, it is said that Filka is not an evil boy, and sincerely repents of his act. And the ability to admit one's mistakes and bear responsibility for them is one of the most important human qualities.

What the fairy tale "Warm Bread" by Paustovsky teaches can be understood after reading it.

What does Paustovsky's Warm Bread teach?

Fairy tale "Warm bread" teaches us to fight evil within ourselves, not to commit bad deeds, to be more attentive to others and not to be afraid to ask for forgiveness for the harm done to others.

The tale of Konstantin Paustovsky "Warm Bread" tells about good and evil, greed and generosity. She, like all fairy tales, teaches us to show only good qualities souls. The events of the fairy tale take place during the war, people have a hard time. The cavalry horse remains in the village with civilians, only because it was wounded in the leg. The miller Pankrat and all the villagers begin to take care of him. But when the horse asked the boy Filka for bread, he offended the horse. And nature punished the boy and the inhabitants of this village. But Filka managed to understand what his mistake was and correct it.

After reading a fairy tale, it is worth considering whether we are doing things that make people close to us and animals suffer. After all, not only people, but also animals are offended, so we must protect them, feed them. This tale teaches that a person must do good deeds in order to be loved and respected. If we commit bad deeds, we must be able to correct them, we must be honest, kind, friendly.

The main characters of Konstantin Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" are a village boy Filka and a horse named Boy. The horse was special, cavalry, he was wounded in the leg and left in the village, near the miller Pankrat. It was difficult for the old miller to feed the horse, and the horse often roamed the village in search of food.

One day he came to the house where the boy Filka lived with his grandmother. Filka was eating bread and salt at that moment. He left the house, and the horse reached for the bread. But the boy hit the horse on the lips, shouted angrily at him and threw the bread into the snow.

The horse neighed in fright, waved its tail, and at that moment a snowstorm began. The blizzard was so strong that Filka had difficulty getting home. His grandmother was able to return home only in the evening, when the blizzard subsided. After the blizzard, it became sharply colder, and my grandmother was worried that because of the frost, famine would come in the village.

She said that once upon a time there was the same frost, generated by human malice. One peasant did not want to give bread to a disabled soldier and threw that bread on the floor. The soldier picked up the bread, went out of the house, whistled and a severe frost swept over the village.

Filka, realizing that his rudeness with the horse had caused frost, asked his grandmother what to do now? Grandmother said that we should go to the miller Pankrat for advice. So Filka did. He came to the miller and told how rudely he had treated the horse. The miller said that Filka must come up with a way to remedy the situation, because the water has frozen from the frost, the mill has stopped, and he cannot grind flour.

Filka thought about it and said that he would persuade the guys to go out with crowbars to the pond to break the ice. This conversation was overheard by an old magpie who lived in the miller's hallway. Magpie imperceptibly flew off somewhere.

The next day the village boys went out to break the ice. The old people also joined them. Everyone worked together, and no one noticed how a warm south wind began to blow. By evening, the ice cracked, and water poured onto the mill wheel.

In the evening the magpie also returned. She told the village crows that she flew to the warm sea, where she woke up a warm wind in the mountains and asked him for help. But the crows did not believe her.

Meanwhile, at the mill, Pankrat was grinding grain into flour. Delighted, the inhabitants kindled the stoves and began to bake bread from flour.

In the morning, the village children, led by Filka, came to Pankrat with a loaf of warm bread. They said that Filka wants to make peace with the horse. At first the horse was afraid of Filka, but the miller reassured him. Then the horse took a piece of bread sprinkled with salt from the boy's hands and ate it. Then he ate another piece and put his head on Filka's shoulder as a sign of reconciliation.

Takovo summary fairy tales.

The main idea of ​​\u200b\u200bPaustovsky's fairy tale "Warm Bread" is that you can not offend the weak. Filka offended the horse, and nature itself took revenge on both him and the villagers, bringing on a severe frost. And only the active actions of people and the help of the old magpie helped to rectify the situation.

The fairy tale teaches to be kind to both people and animals, not to offend anyone in vain.

In the fairy tale, I liked the old magpie, which went on a long flight to ask the warm wind to help people escape the frost.

What proverbs are suitable for Paustovsky's fairy tale "Warm Bread"?

Doing evil, do not hope for good.
Take care of your nose in a big frost.
Even an old woman cannot live without a piece of bread.
Great help for a great cause.

A small “fairy tale” by Konstantin Paustovsky under the cozy home name “Warm Bread” is beautiful and kind. Despite the apparent simplicity and uncomplicated plot, several vernacular, short but colorful descriptions natural phenomena, is a true work of fiction. And it, along with multi-volume novels, makes the reader stop, think, decide something for himself. What to think about? What exactly to decide? More on this below.

Let's go from the smallest to the largest. Let's leave the main idea for last.

One of the points that the author of the "fairy tale" diligently emphasizes is the benefits and effectiveness of joint work. Filka alone would not have coped with ice for anything. And having “begged” the guys, begging the old people, taking crowbars and shovels in their hands with the whole village, people of different ages were able to cope with the most severe frost.

Hence, we, as attentive and thinking readers, conclude that there is a need for “rallying”, harmonious relationships, mutual assistance and assistance. And in general (we are already generalizing this) - about the benefits (here it is difficult to find a worthy word that would express the whole gamut of meanings) of friendship and respect between people. Who have to live together in the house, on the street, in the village. And all over the world. About tolerance and patience in all matters without exception.

“Warm Bread” is also a fairy tale about kindness. towards the surrounding beings. People and animals. The author equalizes everyone in rights. No wonder he somehow “compares” a wounded horse with a soldier who asked a villager for bread a hundred years ago. The situations described are 100% the same. Evil inflicted on a person, as well as evil in relation to an animal, is punishable by nature itself. (It just seems to me that in vain K. Paustovsky drew such a direct parallel here between insult and punishment. It smacks of revenge, and revenge is unworthy of a noble being, in my opinion.) And only the one who carried it out can correct the insult.

This, by the way, is also one of the reasons for reflection. Humility of one's own pride, reasonable awareness of one's wrong and "repentance", but not only in words. By action you need to make amends for your guilt, your incontinence and anger.

A useful action should be combined with an apology to the creature offended by you. Be it a man, a horse, a cat or even a cockroach. Paustovsky, by the way, is one of the most "natural" domestic authors, immensely loving all living things, from bears to birds, grass and ants.

Do not be shy, in repentance the greatness of the soul is manifested (this is a loud word, solemn, but very suitable in meaning), objectivity of self-esteem and self-sufficiency of the individual. If you apologize, you will not humiliate yourself by this, but on the contrary, you will regain your lost dignity and spiritual harmony for a while. Sincerely and wholeheartedly, you need to ask for forgiveness. And it is not guaranteed that you will be forgiven immediately, instantly. Even the horse from the fairy tale did not believe Filka at first, did not take bread from his hands. Only the wise old miller could convince him that the boy is sincere and "not an evil person."

As a conclusion, I will say: a little fairy tale can become a gem in the chest of our own, read and comprehended literary heritage.

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