The hypothesis that the Russians borrowed obscene vocabulary from the Tatars has long been refuted by researchers. As it turned out, the mat was used in ancient Slavic times and has Indo-European roots.

At first, obscene expressions were not considered swear words at all (by the way, according to one of the versions, swearing began to be called swearing, since they were used by soldiers on the battlefield). They were used in various occult rituals to address pagan deities. Our ancestors considered them as "words of power" that could not be remembered in vain. According to the philologist A. Plutser-Sarno, the mat was part of the Slavic conspiracies, which were pronounced, referring to the magical power allegedly contained in the genitals (the ancients endowed them with a sacred meaning).

B.A. Uspensky in his work “The Mythological Aspect of Russian Expressive Phraseology” reports that “swearing had a distinct cult function in Slavic paganism,<…>is widely represented in various kinds of rites of clearly pagan origin - wedding, agricultural, etc. - that is, in rites one way or another connected with fertility: swearing is a necessary component of rites of this kind and is undoubtedly ritual in nature.

But in everyday life, "black abuse", as it was later called in Russia, was taboo. In pagan times, it was impossible to swear in your own house and even in a barn (otherwise you could jinx the cattle).

In the era of Christianity, the Church declared obscene vocabulary to be demonic, as it saw in it a relic of paganism. All Russian rulers waged a merciless fight against swearing. Nevertheless, swearing was found both in everyday life and in the folklore of some regions of Russia - songs, proverbs, sayings, ditties and even fairy tales (as evidenced, for example, by A.N. Afanasyev's "Russian cherished tales").

Where is the most stressful life? Surely many will say: of course, in Moscow. Endless fuss, everyone is running somewhere ... But no! Sociologists from the research service HeadHunter dispelled this myth by ranking the regions where people are most nervous at work.

It turned out in a survey of 11,545 Russian workers that Moscow is only eighth in the top 10 regions suffering from daily stress. And in the first place - the Oryol region, one of the most picturesque regions with a population of about 750 thousand people. Actively spend nerve cells at work and residents of the Yaroslavl and Tambov regions, who took 2nd and 3rd places in the ranking. And even in St. Petersburg they experience more in the service than in Moscow. Professor of the Moscow Humanitarian University Alexei Skopin says that in the Oryol region there really is something to be nervous about. There are few jobs. Here the bosses load their subordinates beyond measure without any compensation. In Orel itself, there is an opinion that without connections it is impossible to get a decent job at all.

Well, if you're lucky, and you got to the position, you will have to put up with the fact that the attitude towards "their own" will still be more loyal than towards you.

Another observation is also interesting: among the leaders in terms of stress, there were regions where the agricultural sector is now actively developing. Elena Yakhontova, professor at the RANEPA Higher School of Corporate Management, explains this by the fact that businessmen in this industry, driven by their ambitions and desire to get more profit, do not spare their subordinates. “In developing economic areas, this is a common story - for the sake of making a quick decision and profit, managers squeeze all the juice out of employees,” she says. “Part of the population from these areas left to work or to Moscow and St. for a place to feed a family.

In Moscow, on the contrary, people are calmer than in the regions. They know that if they lose their job, they will always find another one, often even better and better paid. And in fact, according to the Moscow Department of Labor and Social Protection of the Population, since the beginning of August alone, almost 180,000 vacancies have been registered in the bank of vacancies in Moscow.

In Moscow, people are calmer than in the regions. They know that if they lose their job, they will always find another one, often even better and better paid.

Well, where is the safest place to work? It turns out that Siberians who work in the Tyumen and Kemerovo regions feel the most confident. Tyumen is famous for its oil fields, which employ stable groups of shift workers. It is difficult for them to find a replacement, and if they are fired there, then the whole shift at once, and not one by one. In the Kemerovo region, the main work is the mines, there are stable teams of miners everywhere. They stand firmly on their feet, because there is always a demand for coal. Residents of the Lipetsk region also feel comfortable, where, unlike the Oryol region, both the industrial and agricultural sectors are developed, which allows people to work calmly.

But it is not the place that makes the person beautiful. The same Muscovites also experience stress every now and then. The reason is the same as in other regions: too much work, which is not always able to cope - this is how 48% of respondents explain it. Every second person worries if they fail to deliver the project on time. Too fast pace of work and self-criticism make every third employee worry. Calmness is not added by quarrels with superiors and conflicts with colleagues (28 and 24%).

As a schoolgirl, I read the novel “Two Captains” and dreamed, like the heroes of the book, to explore the North and participate in expeditions. Romance! And although I did not happen to be a member of the research team, I am still interested in expeditions.

In what regions of the Earth do scientific expeditions work?

At all, An expedition is a journey with a specific purpose.. Scientific expeditions are different and are divided into:

• geographic;
• paleontological;
• geographic;
• academic;
• archaeological.

The one described in Two Captains referred to a geographical expedition. Many countries of the world conduct scientific research (about 200 countries) around the world. The most active research countries are America, Russia, Japan. Basically, the purpose of the expedition is determined by the economic or political interests of the country. Today scientific expeditions actively follow:

• the Arctic;
• World Ocean;
• Antarctica.

And in the future - the development of outer space.

Scientific expeditions of Russia

By the way, the very first scientific expedition in the history of Russia was founded by decree of the First. Its goal was to explore "all the kingdoms of Siberia." A huge role in the study of Russian lands and foreign territories has played and is currently playing Russian Geographical Society, founded in St. Petersburg in 1845. Today, many Russian universities include scientific expeditions in their curricula. Institute of Oriental Studies in 2016 conducted a scientific Underwater exploration of the water area of ​​the city of Sevastopol in order to study the historical and marine natural heritage. In the Sevastopol Bay, the skeleton of a ship that sank in the 19th century was discovered, which eventually turned into an artificial reef.

There is constant interest and Arctic. Our country is interested in modern marine expeditions in this region, as it is concerned about global climate change, which is most pronounced in the Arctic. Another reason is economic. This is offshore mining. Today Russia has more than 70 Arctic research stations.

Active learning Antarctica hosted by the Russian Geographical Society. In 2012, with his support, Floating University project. The goal is to study and monitor the islands and water areas of the Arctic seas. And in international scientific expedition 2016 to Antarctica (on our ship "Akademik Treshnikov") 30 countries participated. The goal is to go around Antarctica and conduct climatological, biological, glaciological (study of glaciers) research.

By the nature of my work, for many years now I have to constantly communicate with people from different regions of the Russian Federation. Sometimes directly, more often through operators, but, nevertheless, the array of information is very large, and allows us to draw certain and somewhat politically incorrect conclusions about the peculiarities of the mentality of people in various regions of Russia.
I'll start with the good regions. More precisely, where, in my opinion, good people live.

This is all that is east of Tyumen.
And the best of this - Transbaikalia, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Yakutia, Sakhalin.
People are polite, it is very easy to solve all questions about sending, the probability of a scandal or rudeness from scratch is close to the statistical error.
Vladivostok falls out of this list a few, it’s more difficult there, why, I can’t say.
Then come the northwestern Russian regions, such as Pskov or Vologda, and the national republics of the Volga region, primarily Mari El with Mordovia.
After that, you can list a huge number of neutral regions, where, with a fairly sane population as a whole, rudeness, and stubborn stupidity, and other similar things are not uncommon.
And now the bottom of the rating.
Out of competition - the rural population of the Krasnodar Territory. To the rural population, I would also include people living in regional centers. The percentage of, let's say, strange people, and just boors with rednecks, is the highest here.
In Krasnodar itself, by the way, the situation is a bit happier. And in Sochi, not a lot.
The Rostov region is not much better than the Kuban, and here the regional center is no different from the rest of the region.
This would also include the Voronezh region, Stavropol, again.
But in the south of the Russian Federation there is a very special region where people are not just politely polite, there politeness is beyond and absolute. I think everyone understands what the place is about. Yes, this is Chechnya.
As for other republics, Dagestan is an average situation.
Somehow I didn’t get a special impression about the rest of the republics, there weren’t so many shipments there.
I do not consciously evaluate Moscow and St. Petersburg. There is such a mixture of people here that it is not necessary to talk about any patterns of behavior.
Is that one nuance can be noted. Under the general normal situation, the strangest and most frostbitten people were from St. Petersburg. I'm not talking about ordinary rudeness, but about such shots, the sending of which is remembered after a few years.
In general, these are my conclusions.
I wonder if my opinion coincides with the opinions of other people?

By the nature of my work, for many years now I have to constantly communicate with people from different regions of the Russian Federation. Sometimes directly, more often through operators, but, nevertheless, the array of information is very large, and allows you to draw certain and in some ways politically incorrect conclusions about a person...