When a magician takes out a live rabbit from a completely empty hat, then flowers, and at the end begins to pull out an endless shiny ribbon, smart children, of course, enthusiastically applaud, but they know that all this is pure deceit. They understand perfectly well that you can’t get something out of nothing. All these rabbits, flowers and ribbons were already hidden somewhere in advance, and all the "miracle" is in the deft hands of the magician.

Well, now let's see the real idea that a true magician and sorcerer gives - nature. First, let's prepare the scene. We will remove all these houses, forests and mountains. Let's remove the Sun, the Earth and all sorts of nebulae. Then we will deal with the remaining molecules, atoms and elementary particles. At the same time, we will throw out the fields: electromagnetic, gravitational, and indeed everything that we come across. Now the scene is set. What is left - well, a completely empty hat - an absolute physical vacuum. Now the exit of nature. In her hands she has two completely neutral flat metal plates, which suddenly, for no reason at all, begin to attract each other. Note - this is a real trick! After all, we destroyed all fields in advance, including electromagnetic and gravitational ones. How then do these records manage to feel each other at a distance? Of course, the attraction between the records is very, very weak, but there is! We emphasize: this is not fiction, this is an experimentally established fact. This effect is called the Casimir effect. In order to understand what the point of this trick is, let's look behind the scenes and try to "expose" nature. To do this, you need to take just a few steps.

Step one. Here is a simple problem: given a ball with mass m on a weightless spring stiffness k. The question is, at what values ​​of the ball's momentum and its coordinates does the energy of the system take on the smallest value, and what is this value equal to? From the point of view of classical Newtonian mechanics, the answer is obvious. If a V- speed, and x is the coordinate of the ball, then the total mechanical energy of the system has the form

By setting arbitrary initial values ​​for V and x, we get movement with some specific energy. Insofar as V and x can be chosen independently and arbitrarily, and the expression for the energy depends on the squares of these quantities, the smallest value of the energy is zero. It is clear that at zero energy, the velocity and coordinate, as they were equal to zero at the initial moment of time, will remain equal to zero at all subsequent moments of time according to the law of conservation of energy. So, we got the answer: the state of the classical oscillator, corresponding to the state with the lowest possible energy, is the state of absolute rest. Alas, we only dream of peace. Nature has its own view on the solution of this school problem. She, nature, especially when it comes to her adored positron electrons, various atoms and molecules there, announced to us that they do not live according to Newtonian laws, but according to their own - quantum ones. Quantum mechanics claims that no system can fundamentally be in a state of absolute rest, and this conclusion of quantum mechanics has been confirmed experimentally!

Our simple task suddenly became more complicated. Now, even in the ground state - the state with minimal energy - the system is simply obliged to be in continuous motion. Our ball actually trembles (or, as they say "scientifically", fluctuates) around the equilibrium position. Of course, the amplitude of these oscillations is very, very small. Only nature can "see" something so small. The human eye does not distinguish between phenomena occurring on such a small scale. That is why we live calmly and happily in the correct Newtonian world, and our house does not experience any "quantum" fluctuations. It costs itself as if rooted to the spot, and it costs.

But back to our task. Let's take the second step. True, how can we do it, what should we do in order to find the minimum value of energy, acting according to the rules of quantum mechanics? The first rule of quantum mechanics says: we have no right to choose the values ​​of the momentum and coordinates of the ball as we please. Suppose we know from somewhere what law the ball moves in the state with minimum energy. (Such a state in quantum mechanics is called the ground state.) Then we can calculate the root-mean-square deviation from the equilibrium r.v. D x 2 and the root-mean-square value of the impulse sr.zn. D p 2. The dash means that we average these values ​​over the oscillation period. According to quantum mechanical concepts, these quantities are related by the relation

where (h) is the famous Planck constant.

Remember this ratio! It plays the main role in the observable intricacies slipped to us by nature instead of simple and unambiguous classical constructions. The inequality () is called the uncertainty relation.

So, rule number two: to calculate the ground state energy, we must use the uncertainty relation. Let's do the corresponding calculations. Since we are studying small fluctuations near the equilibrium position, we set the avg. D x 2 ~ x 2 , avg. D p 2 ~ p 2. Oddly enough, nature decided to leave the expression for the total mechanical energy unchanged. The only condition is that in this expression the momentum and position must always be related by an uncertainty relation. If we assume that p 2 · x 2 ~ (h) 2 /4, then the total energy is a function of only one variable. Indeed, taking into account the equality (), we obtain

The energy of the ground state is equal to the smallest value of the function E = E(x). To find this value, we apply the inequality between the arithmetic mean and the geometric mean of two positive numbers. We have

and equality is achieved when

where w = ( k/m) 1/2 .

Of course, the exact solution of the problem of the energy of the ground state of an oscillator is much more complicated and goes beyond the scope of school mathematics. Another thing is interesting: the result obtained by us coincides with the exact one! By the way, this is not such a rare case in physics when simple estimates lead to the correct answer.

Despite the simplicity of this result and the extraordinary ease with which we obtained it, in a good way it should be framed and hung on the wall next to the Einstein equation E = m from 2 . After all, it radically changes our ideas about what it is when there is nothing.

By the way, what are we talking about? Why did we suddenly start solving the problem of the oscillator, if at the beginning we talked so long and beautifully about the absolute vacuum. No, it was not in vain that we carried out these calculations. Remember: a vacuum is the complete absence of something. It was with this in mind that we prepared the stage for demonstrating the Casimir effect. We carefully removed particles and fields, i.e. reduced the energy of the universe. Indeed, there was a particle, there was Einstein energy mc 2 , there is no particle - the total energy of the system has decreased by this value. There was an electromagnetic field (that is, there was an inseparable couple: electric E plus magnetic B components) - was energy

(here e 0 and m 0 are electric and magnetic constants, E- electric tension, and B- induction of magnetic fields). There was no electromagnetic field, which means that the total energy of our scene - the Universe - has again decreased. Our platform prepared for the performance, vacuum, is, in essence and by definition, a state with the lowest possible energy. In our oscillatory problem, the ground state is this "oscillatory" vacuum. True, we got a strange answer. They wanted to get emptiness, the absence of something, but they got some kind of indestructible trembling. Motivating by the fact that she lives according to her quantum laws and Newton is not her decree, nature has hidden energy (h)w /2 in her sleeve, and, therefore, her "oscillator" hat is by no means empty. Something there all the time fluctuates, changes, lives, although we, the audience, do not see it. The point is that, according to the same quantum-mechanical rules of the game, we can "see", i.e. observe only the mean value of any quantity. The jitter we have detected, or, as it is called in another way, zero oscillation, the average values ​​of both the momentum and the coordinate are equal to zero. A step to the right, a step to the left, and as a result remained in the middle. In general, nothing is visible, but something is moving there.

Once nature stumbled and cheated once, you can’t believe it. So we allowed her to play with the electromagnetic field, and then we tried to take away this toy from her, i.e. wanted to get the state with the minimum energy. Well, she must have hidden something here, too! The only question is how much? It turns out that the answer is contained in the problem we have already solved about a ball on a spring.

We know from school that if the system performs harmonic oscillations, then its energy has exactly the form that we wrote out above for the energy of the ball. It is only necessary to remember that the "coordinate" is now a variable that describes the deviation from the equilibrium position. For example, for a mathematical pendulum, instead of x we need to put in our expression the angle of deviation from the vertical q, and instead of speed - D q / D t. For an oscillatory circuit, instead of x need to charge Q, and instead of speed - current j. Of course, depending on the situation, the meaning of the constants will also change. k, m.

In the case of an electromagnetic field, one can argue in a different way: the analogue of the ball energy is the energy of an electromagnetic wave

In the ball problem, if the momentum is greater, then the coordinate is smaller, so they oscillate with a shift. The same thing happens in an electromagnetic wave: more magnetic component - less electric, and flow into each other. This is very similar to a ball on a spring, and one could immediately instead of x and p write E and B. The frequency w of such oscillations is related to the electromagnetic wavelength l by the well-known relationship

Such elementary oscillators are apparently invisible in nature, since the wavelengths allowed to exist are not limited in any way. They can be kilometer-long (radio waves), or they can be much longer. There are also very short ones in the set, of the order of the interstitial distance in the crystal lattice (X-rays), and there are also much, much shorter ones. From each electromagnetic wave, i.e. from each oscillator with its own oscillation frequency w , nature, as we have already seen, hid the energy (h)w /2. In doing so, she accumulated a lot. The total energy left after the "cleansing", when the observed and tangible fields seem to be gone, is expressed by the sum

where the summation must be performed over all wavelengths. It can be seen that this sum is equal to infinity!

This is an energy reserve, so a reserve! What compared to this is some kind of trifle there, equal to the energy stored in oil in the Caspian Sea or the United Arab Emirates. Yes, and nuclear and thermonuclear energy cannot compete with this reserve. Infinity is what infinity is. If you think that this is all, then you are deeply mistaken. From a quantum point of view, any particle is simultaneously a wave. If so, then each particle has its own field, its own oscillations, and from each one can still hide energy equal to (h)w /2. This is no longer a hat, but some kind of giant cauldron in which every single elementary particle boils, trembles, arises and disappears again (even those about which we still don’t know anything), and we discussed only photons here. In principle, these particles can even be pulled out of this cauldron into the light of day and made "real", i.e. observable.

It is possible to break their vacuum non-existence using Balda's progressive method of teaching the devils in the lake to reason. You just need to give a good crack on this hat (in a scientific way it sounds - to give the system a sufficient amount of energy) and particles will fall down, as if from a cornucopia. To explain the Casimir effect, we need to take one last, very small step. You just need to remember what a resonator is. In general, the same device that does not respond to all waves, but only to those with a wavelength of a suitable, desired size. By introducing metal plates into the vacuum, nature created a resonator. Now the vacuum is stirred up (again, the Balda effect!). Those zero oscillations of electromagnetic waves, in which an integer number of half-waves does not fit into the gap between the plates, felt very uncomfortable. The reason is that, as you know from the school physics course, the electromagnetic field does not penetrate the metal. Consequently, waves whose node does not hit the plate are expelled from there. Now the vacuum energy has changed. Only those halves are summed for which l = a/n, where n- an arbitrary integer, a is the distance between the plates.

So, the total vacuum energy with plates is now equal to

Of course, from the ordinary point of view, subtracting infinity from infinity is a completely absurd task. However, what physicists have become adept at is the ability to perform arithmetic operations with infinities. For a theoretical physicist, even a beginner, to subtract infinity from infinity and at the same time get a finite number (moreover, an observable, experimentally verified one) is a piece of cake. The answer to our problem is

The method of obtaining this result, although similar to a trick, is surprisingly simple. In order to give meaning to the formal manipulation of infinities, one must first make the sums finite. Let us assume that there are no very short waves, i.e. in the sum over l we restrict ourselves to only l > l 0 . Accordingly, in total n will have to limit n < a/l 0 . Now let's calculate the difference. It will become the trim function l 0 . If we take smaller and smaller values ​​of l 0 and build a graph of this function, then it turns out that it tends to a finite limit as l 0 ® 0. Such a procedure, called renormalization or regularization, leads to the result mentioned above.

The result obtained is the result of "one-dimensional" electrodynamics. Our waves could only propagate in one direction - perpendicular to the plates. In fact, although the records are flat, the problem is three-dimensional. Electromagnetic waves (even in the form of zero oscillations) can propagate in three directions. This does not change the essence of the matter, only a slight modification of our calculations is needed.

The final answer for the 3D problem looks like this:

where S is the area of ​​the plate.

Now what to do with this expression? Well, firstly, it is obvious that when the plates approach each other (decrease a), D E decreases (minus sign!). Therefore, the closer the plates, the more energetically favorable. Remember ninth grade: potential energy U stone in the field of gravity at a height x is equal to mgx. Lower the stone and its energy will decrease. But you know that the Earth attracts a stone! Consequently, a decrease in potential energy when the bodies approach each other indicates their mutual attraction. And how to extract this force from energy? Yes, very simple. For our "stone" problem, we make the difference

The minus sign appeared due to the fact that the force is a vector quantity, and according to this rule, we find the projection of the force on the x-axis. In the "stone" problem, according to this formula, we would get - mg, i.e. as it should be - the force is directed down to the Earth.

Using this procedure, it is easy to find the force with which the plates are attracted:

Such an attraction, indeed, was discovered experimentally. That's really who knows how to put tricks, so it's experimenters! They managed to clear their scene of all interactions and feel the effects associated with absolute vacuum, which in itself is a miracle. For S\u003d 1 cm 2, a= 0.5 μm, the attractive force was 2·10 - 6 H, which is in good agreement with the above theoretical formula.

Please note: the expression for the force does not include the electromagnetic interaction constant at all (there is no e- electron charge), and this despite the fact that we talked about the metal and the electromagnetic field interacting with it. It is this fact that allows us to look at the Casimir effect as an effect of vacuum polarization due to boundary conditions (plates). There is a complete analogy with the polarization of a dielectric in an external electric field. One can even describe this phenomenon by introducing the vacuum permittivity e. Just do not confuse it with e 0 , which is inserted into all electrical laws in the SI system, and which arose only because of our confusion in determining the unit of charge. Our vacuum e is a real physical characteristic that describes the response of vacuum to external influences.

Now we have come to the end. As one would expect, nature is the same conjurer-deceiver. Once again, we were convinced of the correctness of worldly wisdom, that if there is nothing, then there is nothing. Our task, however, was not to catch nature by the hand, but to figure out how it all works. As always, when studying natural phenomena, the question arises: is it possible to benefit from this knowledge? Can't this be used somehow? After all, energy, wherever it is stored, is energy and is simply obliged to do work. If we have learned how to extract energy stored not only in oil, but also in the atomic nucleus, then why not try to draw it from bottomless vacuum wells. Indeed, such experiments are being carried out. Of course, you understand that in this case we are not talking about creating practical devices such as a stove or a reactor, but about studying the fundamental possibility of using this energy.

Anyone who believes that the properties of vacuum are exhausted by effects similar to the one described is deeply mistaken. The infinite and omnipresent vacuum constantly interferes with the phenomena both in the microcosm and in the affairs of the Universe. In the microcosm, the observed particles are simply forced to live in this seething cauldron of zero-point oscillations. We have already discussed the fact that, in principle, in this vacuum nothingness one can find all elementary particles and, at the same time, in unlimited quantities. If a given particle has an antiparticle (the electron has a positron), then their vacuum life proceeds together. Zero oscillations for them consist in the fact that a particle-antiparticle pair arises, and then the particle and antiparticle mutually annihilate - annihilate. So it turns out that they seem to be, but it seems they are not. Particles in this state are called virtual.

Now imagine: our observed real particle flies to itself (let it be an electron), and next to it - gurgle-bulk - virtual pairs either arise or collapse. It often happens that nature confuses virtual particles with real ones - after all, particles are all identical and you cannot distinguish one electron from another. So, a virtual pair arose near your electron, but only the antiparticle confused its virtual partner and annihilated with a real particle. You understand that the virtual electron has no choice but to take on the role of a real particle. As a result, something unimaginable is happening before our eyes: there was a real particle in one place and suddenly found itself in another. Some sort of teleportation. Such a "trembling" of the orbit of an electron in an atom was theoretically predicted and experimentally verified (Lamb shift). Why are we talking about various atomic trifles when the infinite energy stored in vacuum allows it to compete with cosmological numbers. It is quite probable, and such hypotheses were expressed, that it was the vacuum that determined and determines the evolution of the Universe. Only the use of vacuum with its unusual properties is apparently able to curb black holes and prevent them from shrinking to a non-physical mathematical point. So the vacuum has plenty of things to do and, therefore, (quoting Ya. B. Zel'dovich) it can be argued that "for theorists dealing with astronomical problems, there is no threat of unemployment."

Casimir Hendrik- Dutch physicist, member of the Netherlands Academy of Sciences (1964), president of the Academy of Sciences (1973).

He worked for Bohr in Copenhagen and in Zurich for Pauli. Works in the field of quantum mechanics, nuclear physics, low temperature physics, superconductivity, thermodynamics, magnetism, applied mathematics.

In 1934, together with K. Gorter, he developed a phenomenological theory of superconductivity (the Casimir-Gorter model). In 1936 he built a quantum theory of the interaction of the nucleus with electric and magnetic fields in atoms and molecules. In 1942 he developed a detailed theory of magnetic octupole interactions. In 1938, together with Du Pre, he introduced the concept of spin temperature, separating spin degrees of freedom into a separate thermodynamic subsystem.

1. V.V. Mostepanenko, N.N. Trunov. Casimir effect and its applications. Moscow, Energoizdat, 1990.

3. S. Hawking. From the Big Bang to Black Holes: A Brief History of Time. M., Mir, 1990.

Casimir effect.

In 1999, some of my acquaintances were engaged in the production of nanometer-sized metal powders. Why this is necessary from a commercial point of view - it does not matter here. Various technologies were used, one of them is the condensation of metal vapors under various conditions. Then this powder was transported to another reactor for use. As you know, the material is very unusual in terms of properties. The guys were mostly materials scientists and chemists by education. And so they stumbled upon the fact that the flow of this powder did not happen the way it should have happened from the point of view of classical physics. The type of flow strongly depended on the conductivity of the powder, although these were all conductors, easily exchanging charges upon contact. They began to "pick", from their point of view, the effect was incomprehensible. They began to “whistle” all the friends, and it was my turn. I, too, could not figure out what kind of effect it was interfering with, but along the “chain” I passed them on to physicists.

The casket opened simply - the Casimir effect. I will not rewrite the explanation of this effect given in Wikipedia. I'll just bring him.

Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_Effect

“The Casimir effect is an effect that consists in the mutual attraction of conducting uncharged bodies under the action of quantum fluctuations in a vacuum. Most often, we are talking about two parallel uncharged mirror surfaces placed at a close distance, but the Casimir effect also exists with more complex geometries. The cause of the Casimir effect is the energy fluctuations of the physical vacuum due to the constant birth and disappearance of virtual particles in it. The effect was predicted by the Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir (1909-2000) in 1948 and later confirmed experimentally.

The essence of the effect

According to quantum field theory, the physical vacuum is not an absolute void. Pairs of virtual particles and antiparticles are constantly born and disappear in it - there are constant oscillations (fluctuations) of the fields associated with these particles. In particular, oscillations of the electromagnetic field associated with photons occur. In vacuum, virtual photons are born and disappear, corresponding to all wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, in the space between closely spaced mirror surfaces, the situation changes. At certain resonant lengths (an integer or half-integer number of times between surfaces), electromagnetic waves are amplified. At all other lengths, which are larger, on the contrary, they are suppressed (that is, the production of the corresponding virtual photons is suppressed). As a result, the pressure of virtual photons from the inside on the two surfaces is less than the pressure on them from the outside, where the production of photons is not limited in any way. The closer the surfaces are to each other, the fewer wavelengths between them are in resonance and the more are suppressed. As a result, the force of attraction between the surfaces increases.

The phenomenon can be figuratively described as "negative pressure", when the vacuum is devoid of not only ordinary, but also some virtual particles, i.e. "pumped out everything and a little more."

In the case of more complex geometry (for example, the interaction of a sphere and a plane or the interaction of more complex objects), the numerical value and sign of the coefficient changes, so the Casimir force can be both an attractive force and a repulsive force.

End of quote.

This case is remarkable in that the behavior of a seemingly purely mechanical system - a metal powder, turned out to be tied to quantum effects and their one of the least understood consequences for many, as it seems to me, consequences - Virtual particles.

The Casimir effect can reach significant values, but only at distances less than a hundred nanometers. Therefore, despite the fact that theoretically this effect was predicted by Hendrik Casimir back in 1948, its experimental confirmation appeared only in 1997 (after 49 years). Confirmation of the repulsion effect discovered by Evgeny Lifshitz in 1956 did have to wait 53 years - it was confirmed only in 2009.

The “empty” vacuum that existed in classical mechanics turned out to be not so empty: when studying the effects of quantum mechanics, it turned out that it is filled with pairs of virtual particles that are continuously formed and annihilate with each other. Moreover, if two parallel plates of conductors of electric current are placed at a very close distance, then the particles formed in this case will be extinguished due to the effect of wave interference. The closer the plates are located, the less virtual particles will remain between them, while in the external environment their number will remain the same (as well as the pressure they produce), which will create an increasing force aimed at attracting the plates.

An analogue of this phenomenon, based on the interference of waves in the aquatic environment

attraction effect

At a distance of 10 nanometers between the plates, this force can create a pressure close to atmospheric, but since its strength drops to 4 degrees from the distance, its value at a distance of 100 nanometers becomes difficult to register. This effect has been proposed for use in various nanomechanical systems and even as a substitute for exotic matter for and stabilization of wormholes.

repulsion effect

In 1956, Evgeny Lifshitz showed that if the gap between two surfaces is filled with a dielectric material, then this phenomenon can change its sign. The first experiment confirming this effect consisted in pressing a gold-plated ball with a diameter of only 40 microns to a gold film and a silicon plate (to measure the effect of attraction and repulsion, respectively) placed in a liquid medium - bromobenzene. The authors of this paper, published in Nature in 2009, point out that mixing two or more fluids can achieve repulsion at short distances and attraction at long distances, which in turn can create mechanisms with a very low coefficient of friction.

Experimental results: the blue line shows the results for the repulsive force, the yellow line shows the results for the attractive force. Already at a distance of 80 nm, the measured forces become comparable with the measurement errors.

dynamic effect

This phenomenon lies in the fact that if the mirror moves at a relativistic speed, then some of the virtual pairs of particles do not have time to annihilate and are separated, thereby turning into real photons. The existence of such an effect was predicted in the mid-70s by Julian Schwinger and confirmed by scientists in 2011. To conduct the experiment, they used a superconducting quantum interferometer that could simulate an electromagnetic mirror moving at 5% of the speed of light. This phenomenon does not violate the law of conservation of energy (as it might seem), since energy is consumed to set the mirror in motion. At the moment, it is considered only as a hypothetical propulsion system similar to the ongoing test in several places at once.

About 50 years ago, Heinrich Casimir discovered that there is a certain force in a vacuum between two surfaces. This force can create a real revolution in science.

If you take two mirrors and place them in an empty space, attraction begins between them, since there is a vacuum between them. This phenomenon was discovered by Casimir in 1948 when he was studying at the scientific center in Eindhoven. This phenomenon was called the Casimir effect, and the force that occurs between the two mirrors is called the Casimir force.

For a long time it was believed that the Casimir effect is nothing more than an amusing theory. However, in recent years there has been an increased interest in this phenomenon. It was found that the Casimir force directly affects microscopic mechanisms, and thanks to advances in technical equipment, this force can be measured with increased accuracy.

This effect may be of some interest for fundamental physics. There are many theories according to which there are extended extra dimensions in ten-dimensional and eleven-dimensional theories. According to these theories, there is a certain deviation from the standard Newtonian gravity at distances of the smallest fractions of a millimeter. Therefore, by measuring the effect of the Casimir effect, it is possible to test these hypotheses.

Casimir's study of colloidal solutions

While working at the research center in Eindhoven, Casimir investigated the properties characteristic of these substances with a high viscosity index, in which there are micron-sized particles. Their properties are determined by Van der Waals forces - these are long-range attractive forces that arise between molecules and atoms that are neutral.

Theo Overbeck, Casimir's colleague, noted that Fritz London's theory for describing the van der Waals forces cannot give a correct assessment of the experimental data. He asked Casimir to work on this problem. Casimir found that it is impossible to correctly describe the interaction observed between 2 neutral molecules, based on the fact that is constant.

After that, the scientist noted that this result can be described if the fluctuations of the atom are taken into account. Fluctuation is a term that characterizes all kinds of fluctuations and periodic changes. Then the scientist thought that instead of two molecules, two mirrors could be installed, which would be turned to each other by reflecting sides. So he predicted the force of attraction that exists between the reflective plates.

Dynamic Casimir effect

According to quantum theory, a vacuum is not an ordinary void. Energy fluctuations are regularly observed in it - virtual particles and antiparticles are born and die. They can apply pressure. This phenomenon is called the "static Casimir effect". It has been proven by experiments. However, theoretically, there is also a dynamic Casimir effect - the transformation of vacuum fluctuations into real particles (for example, photons). This effect was observed by scientists.

With the dynamic Casimir effect, the mirrors should oscillate, while their speed should be comparable to the speed of light. To do this, physicists had to install metal surfaces in a strong magnetic field. The speed of oscillation of this field was eleven billion times per second. The surfaces began to deform at a speed that was 5% of the speed of light, and the appearance of photons was recorded at the output. Judging by the properties of the photons, it could be argued that they appeared in pairs.

Scientists in the last few years have been trying to prove that a person does not need dependence on fossil fuels at all.

They argue that we continue to fight for energy sources, destroy the environment and harm Mother Earth. We continue to use the same old methods that generate trillions of dollars for those at the top of the energy industry. The corporate media continues to promote the idea that we are in an energy crisis, that we are approaching a major problem due to a lack of resources.

Zero point energy concept

Some scholars argue that the same group of shareholders who own the energy industry also own the corporate media. This seems to be another fear tactic and another excuse for not using free energy. For example, it is used in practice.

How can there be a shortage of resources when we have systems that can provide resources without external borrowing? This means that these systems can run indefinitely and provide resources for the entire planet without burning fossil fuels. This will eliminate much of the "bill" people pay for living and reduce the harmful impact we have on the earth and its environment.

Even if you don't believe in the concept of free energy (also known as zero point energy), we have some clean sources that make all energy obsolete.

This article will focus mainly on the concept of free energy, which has been proven by researchers around the world who have experimented and published their work.

However, if new energy technologies were free all over the world, the changes would be profound. It would affect everyone, it would apply everywhere. These technologies are absolutely the most important thing that has happened in the history of the world.

Casimir Energy Power

The Casimir effect is proof of an example of free energy that cannot be refuted.

Energy was predicted by the German theoretical physicist Heinrich Casimir in 1948, but was not obtained experimentally due to the lack of technology at that time.

The Casimir effect illustrates the energy of the zero point or vacuum state, which predicts that two metal plates close to each other attract each other due to an imbalance in quantum fluctuations.

The implications of this are far-reaching and have been written at length in theoretical physics by researchers all over the world. Today we are beginning to see that these concepts are not only theoretical but also practical.

Vacuums are generally considered to be voids, but Hendrik Casimir believed that they did not contain electromagnetic wave oscillations. He suggested that two metal plates held in a vacuum could absorb the waves, creating vacuum energy that could attract or repel the plates.

If you place two plates in a vacuum, they attract each other and this force was called the Casimir effect as the energy of vacuum (zero oscillations). Recent studies done at Harvard University and the University of Amsterdam and elsewhere have confirmed the correct Casimir effect.

However, the Casimir force is very weak and is detected if the bodies are separated by a few microns and increases sharply if the bodies approach at a distance of less than a micron.

At a distance of 10 nm (hundreds of the size of a typical atom), the Casimir force is comparable to atmospheric pressure.