The book of the American writer and psychologist of Russian origin Maria Konnikova “Psychology of mistrust. How not to fall for scammers” tells the stories of several scammers, and along the way explains why and how these dodgy people managed to swindle the last money from strangers, pretend to be a doctor for decades, without having a medical education, and successfully trade fake works of art. Vigilance is not the best weapon against scammers, because they know how to disguise themselves well. Try to understand them and get into their shoes, then the manipulations will become more noticeable. The Secret publishes excerpts from this book.

Why do people become scammers

Scam is the oldest game in existence. And at the same time, it is perfectly adapted to our time. You could even say that the rapid development of technology marked a new golden age of fraud. Scams flourish in times of instability and rapid change, when something new emerges and the old way of looking at the world becomes insufficient. That is why scammers bred wildly in the era of the gold rush and during the years of development of the far west. That is why fraud takes on a special scope in times of wars, revolutions and political unrest. The era of change is a great ally of fraud, for change breeds uncertainty. The swindler loves to exploit the anxiety and anxiety of people, in front of whom the familiar world is collapsing or changing beyond recognition. We prudently hold on to the past, but at the same time we are ready to face new unexpected trends. Who knows, maybe this new way of doing business is the future?

In the 19th century, in the wake of the industrial revolution, many scams were born that continue to exist today. Today, we are experiencing a technological revolution that provides many more opportunities for fraud. With the advent of the Internet, everything has changed rapidly in our lives, down to the simplest actions - meeting new people and maintaining important contacts.

The same schemes that played out in the Wild West are now being played through your email. The same demands that you received by telegraph wires are now pouring into your mobile phone. SMS from a family member. Desperate call from the hospital. A Facebook post from a relative stranded in a foreign country. When Frank Abagnale, the hero of Catch Me If You Can, who as a teenager managed to wrap around the finger of many large and respectable organizations, from airlines to hospitals, was asked if such adventures were possible in today's world of infinitely more complex technology, he laughed in response. Today, things have become much easier, he said. “What I did fifty years ago, as a boy, is now four thousand times easier to do thanks to technology. Technology breeds crime. So it was, and so it always will be."

What are you sure of? The fraudster will find what you unshakably believe in, and on this basis will build his deception, imperceptibly changing the world around you. But you will be so sure of the truth of the original point that you will not even notice what has happened.

Since 2008, consumer fraud has increased by 60% in the United States. In 2012 alone, the Internet Fraud Complaint Center recorded about 300,000 complaints. The total amount of money lost is $525 million. Most of the scams that have targeted more than 5 million adults followed the same pattern and involved counterfeit weight loss products.

More scams simply go unreported - by some estimates, less than half of them go public. According to a recent study by the American Association of Retirees, only 37% of victims over the age of 55 admit to being the victim of a scam. Among those who are not yet 55 years old, this figure is half that. No one wants to admit out loud that they were fooled. Most swindlers are not even brought to trial - they are simply not reported to the authorities.

No matter what means the frauds are committed, they are based on the same basic principles - principles based on the manipulation of faith. Frauds go unreported - essentially unnoticed - because none of us are willing to admit that our basic beliefs can be wrong. It does not matter what we are dealing with - a financial pyramid or falsification of data, information stuffing or deliberately false information, artistic forgery or a dubious diagnosis, an unreliable presentation of the past or generous promises for the future. At a fundamental psychological level, it all boils down to trust - or rather, abuse of it.

Fred Demara case

Dr. Joseph Cyr, lieutenant of the medical service, went on deck of the Canadian destroyer Cayuga. It was September 1951, the second year of the Korean War. The ship was heading north of the thirty-eighth parallel off the coast of North Korea. The morning passed quite calmly: no sick, no wounded. But in the afternoon, the lookouts noticed an unusual object on the boundless surface of the water: a small Korean junk: someone was waving a flag on it. The miserable ship was desperately striving for the destroyer.

An hour later, the junk approached the Cayuga. Nineteen half-dead soldiers lay in the terrible mud in the boat. Chopped bodies, broken heads, unnaturally twisted or motionless limbs. Most of the wounded were just boys. As the Korean communications officer told the Cayuga team, they were ambushed; the survivors suffered numerous bullet and shrapnel wounds. Dr. Cyr was called on deck - he was the only medical professional on board. He had to start operating immediately. If he doesn't intervene, all nineteen people will most likely die. Dr. Cyr began to prepare the instruments.

However, there was one problem: Dr. Cyr did not have a medical degree or the professional training necessary to perform complex surgical operations on board a ship on the high seas. In fact, he didn't even finish high school. And his real name was not Sir. His name was Ferdinand Waldo Demara, and later nicknamed the Great Pretender, he was one of the most successful swindlers in history. His story was immortalized in The Great Impostor (1959) by Robert Crichton. Demara's career lasted for decades, from the professional images that he managed to change during this time, one could make up a whole gallery, but he felt most confident in the guise of a doctor - the ruler of human lives.

Over the next forty-eight hours, Desmarais somehow managed to operate on all the wounded - with the help of a field medical guide, which at his request was written by his friend - a doctor from Ontario ("for the army", in case there was no medic nearby), huge doses of antibiotics for patients and alcohol for himself, as well as a fair amount of absolute self-confidence. After all, he had once been a doctor. And also a psychologist. And also a professor. And a monk (even several different monks, to be exact). And the founder of a religious college. Why couldn't he be a surgeon?

While Demara performed miracles of healing on the high seas on a makeshift operating table, tied by the legs to the floor to prevent patients from being rocked, a young, enthusiastic press officer roamed the decks of the ship in search of interesting material. He was bullied by his superiors. They needed a good story. He needed a good story himself. Weeks went by with nothing noteworthy happening on the ship, and, as he joked with his colleagues, he was literally hungry for news. When word of the rescued Koreans spread among the team, he barely managed to hide his excitement. Dr. Cyr's story was fantastic. Just perfect. The sire was not obliged to assist the enemy, but his noble nature did not allow him to do otherwise. And with what result! Nineteen operations. Nineteen people arrived at the Cayuga half dead and left in much better condition. Won't the good doctor agree to a short biographical sketch - in memory of the significant events of this week?

How could Demara refuse? He was so sure of his own invulnerability, so at ease in the borrowed guise of Joseph Cyr, a certified physician, that the attention of the press did not seem superfluous to him. And let me tell you, he did some really skillful surgery. News of Dr. Cyr's great exploits soon reached the far reaches of Canada.

The patience of Dr. Joseph Cyr (original) was coming to an end. On October 23, he sat quietly in his house in Edmundston and tried to calmly read a book. But they didn't want to leave him alone. The phone was torn: as soon as he hung up, a new call was heard. “Are you the same doctor from Korea? - Asked callers with the best of intentions. - Maybe it's your son? Or another relative? No, no, he told everyone who agreed to listen. Not a relative. There are many people in the world with the name of Sir, and among them there are probably several Josephs. And it's not him.

A few hours later, another call rang out in Cyr's house, this time from a close friend: he read aloud to him the data of the “miracle doctor”. Maybe there are many Joseph Sires in the world, but this particular one could boast exactly the same biography as his. It was no longer a mere coincidence. Sir asked a friend for a photo.

It must be some kind of mistake. He knew the man in the photograph very well. “Wait, this is my friend, Brother John Payne of the Christian Illumination Fellowship!” he exclaimed, with obvious astonishment in his voice. When they met, Brother Payne was a neophyte. He adopted this name, abandoning his former secular life, in which, as Dr. Cyr recalled, he was also a doctor. It seems the man's real name was Dr. Cecil B. Hamann. But if he decided to return to medical practice, why would he take the name Sir? After all, he probably has his own medical diploma and work experience. Demara's deception began to crumble before our eyes.

So, the scammer was brought to clean water. But even the ensuing dismissal from the fleet was not the end of his career. Deeply embarrassed, the naval authorities - on their shoulders lay the responsibility for the defense of the country, and it turns out that they could not even ensure the safety of their own personnel - did not bring any charges. Demara was quietly fired and asked to leave the country. He willingly obeyed this demand, but, despite his newly acquired dubious fame, he continued to successfully try on a variety of professional masks, from a prison guard to an educator in a school for mentally retarded children, from a modest English teacher to a civil engineer of public works, who almost won a contract to build a major bridge in Mexico. He passed away more than three decades later, by which time Dr. Cyr's name had been lost among the dozens of other aliases that had lavishly littered Demara's story. Among them was even the name of his own biographer, Robert Crichton, a pseudonym he adopted shortly after the publication of the book, long before the end of his career as an impostor.

Time and time again Demara - or Fred to those who knew him unmasked - found himself in a place where a lot depended on him. In the classroom, in prison or on the deck of the Cayuga, he held the thoughts, health and lives of people in his hands. Again and again he was exposed, but he invariably returned and continued to fool those around him with the same success.

Why was he so lucky? Maybe he chose his victims among the most gentle and trusting people? I doubt that this is how you can characterize the representatives of the Texas penitentiary system, one of the most severe in all the United States. Maybe he had an attractive, disposable appearance? Also unlikely - a height of 1 m 80 cm and 113 kg of weight, a square jaw of an American football player and a cunningly mocking expression of small eyes; Crichton's four-year-old daughter Sarah, seeing him for the first time, backed away and wept with fright. Or should the cause be sought in something else, deeper and more fundamental - in ourselves and in the way we see the world?

Dark triad

In the essay "Swindle as an Exact Science", Edgar Allan Poe lists the following distinguishing features of a crook - accuracy, interest, perseverance, ingenuity, audacity, indifference, originality, shamelessness, and a smirk. Modern psychology actively agrees with him on one point: indifference. People for the most part are accustomed to living in a pack. We can trust and rely on each other, walk the streets with a purse full of money without thinking that every passerby can rob us, and calmly go to bed without fear of being killed in our sleep. Over time, our emotions have evolved in accordance with this status quo. We feel warm and comfortable when we help others. We feel shame and guilt when we lie, cheat, or otherwise harm others. Of course, we all deviate from the rules from time to time, but for the most part we are taught to behave quite respectfully, and integrity is the exact opposite of indifference. We usually think about the convenience of others and know that they care about us to a certain extent. Without this, society would collapse rather quickly.

However, there is one exception. Some people, on the other hand, shamelessly capitalize on the integrity of others, and indifference helps them in this. That is what makes a scammer a scammer. Such people do not care about anyone, they remain completely indifferent to the pain they cause when they manage to achieve their goal. This is quite logical. If the people around you for the most part adhere to the rules of decency, you can lie, cheat and steal everything you like as much as you like, and you will even succeed quite a lot in this. But this tactic only works when few people use it. Calculated indifference can be considered an adaptive strategy only when it is resorted to by an absolute minority. Or, as Adrian Rein, a psychologist at the University of Pennsylvania and a researcher on antisocial behavior, put it: “Persistently immoral behavior can be seen as an alternative evolutionary strategy that, with a small percentage in society, can be quite successful. Without the emotional experience that deters immoral behavior, and resorting to deceit and manipulation, a person can quite successfully move through life.

There is another definition of calculated, even inborn, indifference - psychopathy, or a basic lack of ability to empathize with the feelings of other human beings. This is indifference elevated to a biological absolute.

Robert Hare's Augmented Psychopathy Inventory - a widely used tool for assessing antisocial psychopathic behavior - draws attention to such qualities as responsibility, remorse, pathological deceit, manipulative tendencies, resourcefulness, sexual promiscuity and general impulsiveness, superficial charm, pretentiousness, etc. similar. Score enough points - and you will be called a psychopath, or "suffering soul", because you yourself leave a lot of the same "suffering" on your way.

One of the most characteristic hallmarks of a psychopath is the inability to experience emotions like other people. To a true psychopath, your suffering means nothing. He does not know sympathy. Doesn't repent. Feels no guilt. In conditions that most people find shocking - such as when viewing disturbing and unpleasant images - their pulse remains even, sweating does not increase, and the heart beats calmly. In one study of clinical psychopathy, it was found that psychopaths are unable to activate those parts of the brain that are responsible for emotions in healthy people. The participants were asked to make morally difficult choices - for example, to strangle a loudly crying baby in order to save the entire village, while the crying of a child can doom all the inhabitants, including himself, to death. For the vast majority of people, such a choice would be morally devastating. In search of an answer, the emotional centers of the brain come into conflict with the pragmatic ones. Psychopaths do not have such a struggle: they demonstrate indifference in the most extreme degree.

Psychopaths, according to Hare, make up about 1% of the male population; among women, they are almost never found (almost, but not quite). This means that out of every hundred men you meet, one can be diagnosed with clinical psychopathy. But will he be a born swindler at the same time?

On the one hand, the data seem to point to a direct resemblance between the con man and the psychopath, who go hand in hand in their development. Seductive evidence: the behavior of people who have already experienced a psychopathic disorder of brain activity in adulthood becomes, of course, psychopathic - and at the same time surprisingly similar to the behavior of fraudsters. In the course of the study of brain pathologies, it was found that people who experienced damage at an early age to the ventromedial region of the prefrontal cortex of the brain - an area organically associated with psychopathy - develop behavior and personality traits that clearly resemble both psychopathy and fraud. Two patients with this diagnosis, for example, had a tendency to lie, manipulate and break the rules. Others spoke of them like this: "There is no empathy, guilt, remorse, fear ... They are not embarrassed at all by their own unseemly behavior." From this we can conclude that psychopathy is a kind of biological predisposition that entails the special behavior that we expect from a fraudster.

However, this is not all. Psychopathy belongs to the so-called dark triad of personality traits, along with narcissism and Machiavellianism, which also in many ways resemble the qualities we associate with con artists.

Narcissism refers to a sense of greatness and exclusivity, narcissism, an over-inflated idea of ​​\u200b\u200bimportance and a tendency to manipulation.

Even more eloquently, Machiavellianism speaks for itself - a characteristic that is almost directly due to the ability to deceive as ruthlessly and effectively as the ideal sovereign from the work of Machiavelli or the most famous swindlers of the world.

In psychological literature, Machiavellian refers to a specific set of traits that allow a person to manipulate others in order to achieve their own goals. In fact, this is a clear, as in a textbook, definition of a fraudster. In 1969, Richard Calhoun, a professor of marketing at the University of North Carolina, described a Machiavellian as someone who "uses aggression, manipulation, breach of trust, and guile for personal and organizational interests." Indeed, the so-called hi-macs - people who scored high on the Machiavellian scale (it was developed in 1970 by psychologists Richard Christie and Florence Geis, who wanted to capture the manipulative tendencies of the behavior of public leaders) - as a rule, are among the most successful manipulators in society. Their antipodes are low-macs. In a series of studies in which a hi-mac and a low-mac were placed in the same situation, the hi-mac generally came out ahead in every scenario. Low-Mack could not always cope with his emotions. Hi-Mac, however, didn't let himself be confused so easily.

Thus, it can be assumed that the Machiavellian warehouse, along with psychopathy, determines a person's predisposition to fraudulent behavior and enables him to successfully use the fruits of his deception. Delroy Paulus, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia who specializes in the dark triad of personality, goes even further and argues that "Machiavellian" is a more accurate definition of a con man than "psychopath". “It is clear that unscrupulous stockbrokers are not psychopaths,” he writes. "They are corporate Machiavellians, taking deliberate strategic steps to exploit others."

How to prevent fraud in the company

For most people, to go from law-abiding to cheating, three conditions must match: motivation (i.e., your intrinsic predisposition based on elements of psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism), opportunity, and plausible justification. So, when it comes to corporate scams, only a few decide to scam in the absence of suitable conditions. According to one study, about a third of offenders are not only willing to step outside the law (predisposition), they actively seek to be in a hostile business environment (opportunity) and feel they have to prove themselves in some way (rationale). In this situation, the established norms of corporate culture are faced with a personal willingness to act around the rules and the ability to justify such behavior with an urgent need.

A cheater appears when predisposition is combined with opportunity. According to some sources, this is one of the reasons why insider trading - cases of businessmen turning into fraudsters - flourished at Stephen Cohen's infamous hedge fund SAC Capital Advisors almost from the day it was founded. “You convince yourself that you are not doing anything wrong, because everyone around you is trying to get an advantage,” a source close to the foundation told me one day over lunch. “And it’s unlikely that you will be caught doing this, otherwise someone would have been caught long ago.” At SAC, he continued, there was never a time when the people at the head of the company said in simple words that even a third grader could understand: “Don't break the law. Don't cheat or steal - we don't do that here." Take the charge against the hedge fund itself. “There were rumors that one alleged employee was selling inside information at a previous job. He was fired from there after a complaint from an internal control specialist. Amazingly, he went back to his old ways just a couple of weeks after he was in a new place.

Research data could have predicted a similar outcome. In one experiment, it was found that the ethical structure of an organization largely determines whether people with skills close to fraudulent (in particular, the Machiavellian temperament) will listen to their inclinations. Those who worked in organizations with a clear corporate ethics and a fairly rigid structure that did not give the opportunity to be guided in decision-making by their own whims were much less likely to resort to essentially fraudulent methods than those who worked in organizations with a flexible structure and a less pronounced ethical vector.

Behavioral norms of the company, culture or environment - ideas about acceptable or unacceptable behavior - must be communicated clearly and unambiguously. When that doesn't happen, it becomes too easy for people on the brink of fraud to take the next step. “It sounds trite and corny,” says Preet Bharara, a state attorney for the Southern District of New York who has built a reputation as a hardline fraud fighter, “but it's true. The tone at the top is really important." There are extreme cases where people create opportunities for themselves—they will cheat their way through life no matter what conditions you put them in—but for a large percentage of the fraud-prone population, the environment is very important. The same trader who committed some kind of scam in a fund where it is customary to turn a blind eye to it may prove to be a deeply decent person elsewhere. We care about what people think of us, and if we believe that the majority will disapprove of our actions, we will be less tempted to deviate from the norm.

USIS, a private company, handled background checks and resumes of potential employees - mostly for the secret services - and completed almost two-thirds of the total number of orders in this area. Its decline began with the fact that the facts of low-quality checks were revealed. It soon became clear that in fact there were many more of them, but at first it still seemed that more than one and a half thousand falsified reports were the work of one professionally unscrupulous worker. Well, a rotten apple can also appear on a healthy tree. However, in January 2014, it became clear that it was not just a rotten apple. A Justice Department litigation revealed that the scandal that emerged was just the tip of the iceberg, with the company falsifying more than half a million background checks between 2008 and 2014. The problem was in the tree itself, on which rotten apples grew.

The justification of his act for the swindler is a kind of culmination of predisposition and opportunity. If you are inherently prone to cheating by nature and feel an opportunity, you will find a way for yourself to justify your act. About half of the people who have embarked on the path of fraud, whether in the market or within the same organization, cite unbearable conditions of competition. They want to level the playing field and convince themselves that this little deception is one of the few opportunities available to them.

About everyday lies

In 2009, a group of scientists from the University of Turin, led by Professor Francesca Barbero, discovered a species of caterpillars that, having settled in an anthill, consistently received more food and care than the ants themselves. To do this, the caterpillar pretended to be an ant queen: she learned the difference between the sounds made by the uterus and simple working ants, and learned to make similar ones. Even when the ant colony did not have enough food, the deceiver still remained in a privileged position: after all, she was considered the future queen. After that, scientists found that at least 12 other species of butterflies use the same tricks. Pretend to be a queen - and let them bring you into the anthill and you will no longer have to move either a leg or a wing.

According to psychologist Robert Feldman, we lie on average three times in a single ten-minute routine conversation with a stranger or a hated acquaintance. Few succeed in completely and completely avoiding lies, and some people manage to lie up to twelve times in a specified period of time. For example, I may start a conversation by remarking that I am glad to see the interlocutor, although in fact I am not at all glad to see him. Further, I can say that I grew up in Boston - strictly speaking, this is a lie, because in fact I grew up in a small town forty miles from Boston. I can say that the interviewer's work seems very interesting, although I don't really think so, or compliment his (boring) tie or (nightmarish) shirt. And if a person says that he likes some restaurant in the city center, about which I have a far from the best impression? Most likely I will smile back, nod and say - yes, a great place. Believe me, we often lie without even thinking about it.

We begin to lie from an early age. In a series of studies on child psychology and development, psychologists left three-year-olds alone in a room with a new toy, but asked them not to turn around and peek at what kind of toy it was. Few of the children managed to overcome the temptation and not turn around (four out of thirty-three, to be exact), and more than half then lied about not doing anything. A repeat study involving slightly older children (five-year-olds) went even worse: they turned around, and then they all lied without exception.

When we become adults, old habits do not disappear anywhere. According to the Insurance Research Council, a quarter of citizens feel it is acceptable to overstate the amount of damage when applying for an insurance payment if they feel that they are compensating for the paid premiums. This may seem normal, but it is actually a scam, even though it is considered an "innocent scam".

Every November in Santon Bridge, a small rural town in Cumbria, England, there is a competition for the world's smartest liar. People who have arrived from all over the UK gather in a tavern in the city center and try to outdo each other by writing the most plausible stories, which they are given exactly five minutes to tell. The most convincing liar is crowned for a year. But there is one strict exception to this completely democratic event: lawyers, politicians, sales agents, real estate agents and journalists are not allowed to participate in the competition. They are too adept at embellishing the truth to play on an equal footing with ordinary people.

Test

Would you be a fraud - even "innocent" - if you had the chance? This is easy to check. Raise your hand and use your index finger to draw a Q on your forehead.

Ready? In which direction is your Q facing - the ponytail to the right or to the left? This test, detailed by Richard Wiseman, a psychologist and famous skeptic, measures your degree of self-control. If the letter you have drawn has a tail pointing to the left so that others can read the letter, then you have highly developed self-control. You are very concerned about your appearance and how others perceive you. In order to achieve the desired effect or make a favorable impression, you will most likely be willing to manipulate reality - at least a little.

deception, deceit, pl. no, husband. 1. Action according to Ch. deceive. “... Bourgeois parties dominate to a huge extent thanks to their deception of the masses of the population, thanks to the oppression of capital ...” Lenin (1919). “Now deception of oneself, then cowardice.” L. Tolstoy. Accomplish… … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

The world wants to be deceived, let it be deceived. Carlo Caraffa You can fool some people all the time, you can fool everyone some of the time, but you can't fool everyone all the time. Abraham Lincoln You can fool too many for too long. Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms

Wiktionary has an entry for "deception" Verb: to deceive (to give false information). That which consciously introduces smb. mislead, deceive; False. The state of the deceived; delusion. Erroneous, imaginary representation; ... ... Wikipedia

DECEPTION, husband. 1. see deceive. 2. The same as a lie. You won't get far on deception (last). Go to about. (decide to lie). 3. False idea about something, delusion. Enter in about. O. vision (visual error). O. feelings (error in its attitude ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Deception- Deception ♦ Mensonge A lie uttered with the intent to mislead (but not as an allegory or irony) and with the full knowledge that what is being said is false. Every deception presupposes the knowledge of truth, or at least contains the idea of ​​truth. Thereby… … Philosophical Dictionary of Sponville

In psychology, the deception of feelings. Philosophical encyclopedic dictionary. 2010 ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

deception- DECEPTION - a false, incorrect message that can mislead; disinformation that achieved its goal. O. is the opposite of truth, which means not only true, but also correct, genuine, fair, appropriate ... ... Encyclopedia of Epistemology and Philosophy of Science

deception- shameless (Tang); tempting (Ratgauz); caressing (Pozharova); crafty (Tarutin); radiant (Balmont); beautiful (Fet); ghostly (Nadson); sweet (Yur.P.); bewitching (Yur.P.) Epithets of literary Russian speech. M: Supplier of His Majesty's court... Dictionary of epithets

deception- DECEPTION, colloquial. swindle reduced inflated and loosened reduced puffed up, unfolded reduced blew and loosened reduced blew to DECEIVE / DECEIVE, colloquial. inflate/ inflate circle / circle bypass / bypass, unfold ... ... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech

Deception- (Latin fraus, fraudis; English deception / fraud) in civil law, deliberate misleading by one party to a transaction of its other party in order to complete a transaction. O. can refer both to the elements of the transaction itself, and to the circumstances ... Encyclopedia of Law

Books

• Deception, Philip Roth. "Deception" is the most provocative (after Tailor's Disease) work by Philip Roth, the most famous American writer today. In the novel, a married American, a middle-aged Jew named...

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deception

Fiction with the aim of impressing another with an exaggerated idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthemselves, to splurge, to intimidate

Wishful thinking

Fiction with the aim of disorienting others

Fiction, deceit, calculated to intimidate

False move that intimidates the opponent, creating the impression that there is an advantage when in fact there is none.

Italian film starring Adriano Celentano

One-man card theater

Deception calculated to create a false impression, misleading action

Reception when playing cards

A way to mislead partners in a card game

A bet in poker on the cards of a hand that the player considers weak (card term)

Comedy with Celentano

A good mine in a bad scenario

Acting at the card table

This word from the lexicon of English poker players meant a way to intimidate the opponent "a good mine in a bad game"

Theatrical behavior at the card table

English "deception"

Intimidating Behavior of a Card Player

Misleading action

Reception when playing poker

Like a gamble deception

Katala work

card pretense

Gambler's Deception

TV Liars Club

Deception according to the British

Cinema with the participation of Celentano

Film with Celentano

Psychological technique when playing poker

Cheating with a serious face

poker cheat

Film deception of Celentano

Play of the gambler

Skillful deception in poker

Instilling an exaggerated self-image

card trick

Confident looking with bad cards

Reception in the game of poker

The trick of the poker player

. player bragging

Psychology in poker

Cheating when playing cards

Tricky trick of the gambler

Noodles from the gambler

Taking on a scare in poker

Deception calculated to create a false impression, misleading actions

A way to mislead partners in a card game

Misleading action