Igor Alexandrovich Berezhnoy(April 21, Balashov - February 4, Moscow) - designer of aerospace technology, chief designer of the design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences.

Biography

Born on April 21, 1934 in the city of Balashov, Nizhne-Volzhsky Krai.

Awards

• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (03/10/1981, posthumously)
• Order of the Badge of Honor (04/26/1971)

Major Publications

• On the torsion of prismatic rods from an ideally plastic material, taking into account microstresses // Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics. - 1963. - No. 5. - S. 154-157. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
• On the influence of viscosity on the mechanical behavior of elastic-plastic media // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1965. - T. 163. - No. 3. - S. 595-598. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
• On dissipative functions in the theory of viscoplastic media // Problems of continuum mechanics (to the 60th anniversary of Academician VV Novozhilov). - 1970. - S. 67-70. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
• On deformation models of the theory of plasticity and continuous media // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1970. - T. 40. - Issue. 3. - S. 553-557. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
• On the acquired anisotropy of plastic bodies // Continuum Mechanics and Related Problems of Analysis. Sat. articles dedicated to 80th anniversary of Academician N. I. Muskhelishvili. M., 1972. S. 601-605. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. V. Dudukalenko)
• On the construction of a model of granular media based on the definition of the dissipative function // Fundamentals of plasticity: Sat. proceedings of the symposium. Warsaw, 1973, pp. 601-605. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
• On the construction of a model of granular media based on dissipative functions // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1973. - T. 123. - No. 6. (with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
• On some models based on the mechanisms of elasticity, viscosity and plasticity with variable defining parameters // Izvestiya AN SSSR. Mechanics of a rigid body. - 1974. - No. 1. (with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov)
• On the loading function for ideally plastic models // Selected Problems of Applied Mechanics: Sat. articles dedicated to 60th anniversary of Academician V.N. Chelomey. M., 1974. S. 113-117. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
• On the construction of surfaces of complex rigid-plastic models // Mechanics of deformable bodies and structures: Sat. articles. M.: Mashinostroenie, 1975. S. 62-70. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
• On the flow of a fluid with controlled viscosity // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 3. - S. 582-584. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov, V. I. Zeiler)
• On some experiments with converging ring waves on the surface of a heavy liquid // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 4. - S. 810-811. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, R. K. Logvinova)
• On defining inequalities in the theory of plasticity // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1976. - T. 227. - No. 4. - S. 824-826. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
• Dissipative function in the theory of plasticity // Mechanics of a deformable body: Mezhvuz. Sat. Kuibyshev, 1977. Issue. 3. S. 5-22.
• Laser Leads to Landing // Civil Aviation. - 1978. - No. 9. - S. 26-27. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
• On integral inequalities in the theory of an elastic-plastic body // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1980. - T. 44. - No. 3. - S. 540-549. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
• Defining inequalities in the theory of an elastic-plastic body: Abstracts of reports. V All-Union Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Alma-Ata, 1981. (with D. D. Ivlev)

Write a review on the article "Berezhnoy, Igor Aleksandrovich"

Notes

Links

An excerpt characterizing Berezhnoy, Igor Aleksandrovich

- The persuader is a brother to the cause. As he said by Friday, he did so, ”Plato said, smiling and unfolding the shirt he had sewn.
The Frenchman looked around uneasily and, as if overcoming doubt, quickly threw off his uniform and put on a shirt. Under his uniform, the Frenchman had no shirt, and over his naked, yellow, thin body was put on a long, greasy, silk vest with flowers. The Frenchman, apparently afraid that the prisoners who were looking at him, would not laugh, and hastily put his head into his shirt. None of the prisoners said a word.
“Look, just right,” Plato kept saying, tugging at his shirt. The Frenchman, sticking his head and arms out, without raising his eyes, looked at his shirt and examined the seam.
- Well, falcon, it's not a fluff, and there is no real tool; but it is said: you can’t kill even a louse without tackle, ”said Plato, smiling round and, apparently, rejoicing at his work himself.
- C "est bien, c" est bien, merci, mais vous devez avoir de la toile de reste? [Okay, okay, thanks, but where is the canvas, what is left?] – said the Frenchman.
“It will be even nicer when you put it on your body,” Karataev said, continuing to rejoice at his work. - That will be good and pleasant.
- Merci, merci, mon vieux, le reste? ]
Pierre saw that Plato did not want to understand what the Frenchman was saying, and, without interfering, looked at them. Karataev thanked for the money and continued to admire his work. The Frenchman insisted on the leftovers and asked Pierre to translate what he was saying.
What does he need leftovers for? - said Karataev. - We would get important underbelly. Well, God be with him. - And Karataev, with a suddenly changed, sad face, took out a bundle of scraps from his bosom and, without looking at him, handed it to the Frenchman. - Ehma! - said Karataev and went back. The Frenchman looked at the canvas, thought, looked inquiringly at Pierre, and as if Pierre's look told him something.
“Platoche, dites donc, Platoche,” the Frenchman, suddenly blushing, shouted in a squeaky voice. - Gardez pour vous, [Platosh, but Platosh. Take it for yourself.] - he said, giving the scraps, turned and left.
“Here you go,” said Karataev, shaking his head. - They say, non-Christs, but they also have a soul. Then the old people used to say: the sweaty hand is torovat, the dry is unyielding. Himself naked, but he gave it away. - Karataev, smiling thoughtfully and looking at the scraps, was silent for a while. “And the little undercarriages, my friend, the important ones will be blown out,” he said and returned to the booth.

Four weeks have passed since Pierre was in captivity. Despite the fact that the French offered to transfer him from a soldier's booth to an officer's booth, he remained in the booth in which he entered from the first day.
In devastated and burned Moscow, Pierre experienced almost the extreme limits of deprivation that a person can endure; but, thanks to his strong build and health, which he had not realized until now, and especially due to the fact that these hardships approached so imperceptibly that it was impossible to say when they began, he endured not only easily, but also joyfully his position. . And it was at this very time that he received that calmness and self-satisfaction, for which he had vainly sought before. For a long time in his life he searched from various sides for this peace, harmony with himself, that which so struck him in the soldiers in the Battle of Borodino - he searched for this in philanthropy, in Freemasonry, in the dispersion of secular life, in wine, in heroic deeds. self-sacrifice, in romantic love for Natasha; he sought it by way of thought, and all these searches and attempts all deceived him. And he, without thinking about it, received this peace and this agreement with himself only through the horror of death, through deprivation and through what he understood in Karataev. Those terrible moments that he experienced during the execution seemed to have washed away forever from his imagination and memories the disturbing thoughts and feelings that had previously seemed important to him. He did not even think about Russia, or about the war, or about politics, or about Napoleon. It was obvious to him that all this did not concern him, that he had not been called and therefore could not judge all this. “Yes, let Russia fly - there is no union,” he repeated the words of Karataev, and these words strangely reassured him. It seemed to him now incomprehensible and even ridiculous his intention to kill Napoleon and his calculations about the cabalistic number and the beast of the Apocalypse. His bitterness against his wife and his anxiety that his name should not be put to shame now seemed to him not only insignificant, but amusing. What did he care about the fact that this woman led somewhere the life that she liked? To whom, especially to him, what did it matter whether or not they found out that the name of their captive was Count Bezukhov?
Now he often recalled his conversation with Prince Andrei and fully agreed with him, only understanding Prince Andrei's thought somewhat differently. Prince Andrei thought and said that happiness can only be negative, but he said this with a touch of bitterness and irony. As if, saying this, he was expressing a different idea - that all the strivings for positive happiness invested in us are invested only in order to torment us, not satisfying. But Pierre, without any ulterior motive, recognized the justice of this. The absence of suffering, the satisfaction of needs and, as a result, the freedom to choose occupations, that is, a way of life, now seemed to Pierre the undoubted and highest happiness of a person. Here, now only, for the first time, Pierre fully appreciated the pleasure of eating when he was hungry, drinking when he was thirsty, sleeping when he was sleepy, warmth when it was cold, talking with a person, when he wanted to speak and listen to a human voice. Satisfaction of needs - good food, cleanliness, freedom - now, when he was deprived of all this, seemed to Pierre perfect happiness, and the choice of occupation, that is, life, now that this choice was so limited, seemed to him such an easy thing that he forgot the fact that an excess of the comforts of life destroys all the happiness of satisfying needs, and a great freedom in choosing occupations, the freedom that education, wealth, position in the world gave him in his life, that this freedom makes the choice of occupations inextricably difficult and destroys the very need and opportunity to practice.

Date of death: The country: Place of work:

• OKB "Chassis of helicopters and aircraft"

Academic degree: Academic title: Alma mater: Supervisor:

D. D. Ivlev

Known as:

founder of Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KBAS)

Igor Alexandrovich Berezhnoy(April 21, Kuibyshev, - February, Moscow) - an outstanding designer of aerospace technology, chief designer of the design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences.

Biography

Major Publications

• On the torsion of prismatic rods from an ideally plastic material, taking into account microstresses // Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics. - 1963. - No. 5. - S. 154-157. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
• On the influence of viscosity on the mechanical behavior of elastic-plastic media // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1965. - T. 163. - No. 3. - S. 595-598. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
• On dissipative functions in the theory of viscoplastic media // Problems of continuum mechanics (to the 60th anniversary of Academician VV Novozhilov). - 1970. - S. 67-70. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
• On deformation models of the theory of plasticity and continuous media // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1970. - T. 40. - Issue. 3. - S. 553-557. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
• On the acquired anisotropy of plastic bodies // Continuum Mechanics and Related Problems of Analysis. Sat. articles dedicated to 80th anniversary of Academician N. I. Muskhelishvili. M., 1972. S. 601-605. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. V. Dudukalenko)
• On the construction of a model of granular media based on the definition of the dissipative function // Fundamentals of plasticity: Sat. proceedings of the symposium. Warsaw, 1973, pp. 601-605. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
• On the construction of a model of granular media based on dissipative functions // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1973. - T. 123. - No. 6. (with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
• On some models based on the mechanisms of elasticity, viscosity and plasticity with variable defining parameters // Izvestiya AN SSSR. Mechanics of a rigid body. - 1974. - No. 1. (with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov)
• On the loading function for ideally plastic models // Selected Problems of Applied Mechanics: Sat. articles dedicated to 60th anniversary of Academician V.N. Chelomey. M., 1974. S. 113-117. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
• On the construction of surfaces of complex rigid-plastic models // Mechanics of deformable bodies and structures: Sat. articles. M.: Mashinostroenie, 1975. S. 62-70. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
• On the flow of a fluid with controlled viscosity // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 3. - S. 582-584. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov, V. I. Zeiler)
• On some experiments with converging ring waves on the surface of a heavy liquid // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 4. - S. 810-811. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, R. K. Logvinova)
• On defining inequalities in the theory of plasticity // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1976. - T. 227. - No. 4. - S. 824-826. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
• Dissipative function in the theory of plasticity // Mechanics of a deformable body: Mezhvuz. Sat. Kuibyshev, 1977. Issue. 3. S. 5-22.
• Laser Leads to Landing // Civil Aviation. - 1978. - No. 9. - S. 26-27. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
• On integral inequalities in the theory of an elastic-plastic body // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1980. - T. 44. - No. 3. - S. 540-549. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
• Defining inequalities in the theory of an elastic-plastic body: Abstracts of reports. V All-Union Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Alma-Ata, 1981. (with D. D. Ivlev)

Notes

see also

Links

• Samara military-historical club "Novik" - Igor Alexandrovich Berezhnoy
• Yu. L. Tarasov, V. V. Ignatiev. On the occasion of the seventieth birthday of Igor Alexandrovich Berezhny // Vestnik SSAU. - 2004. - No. 1. - S. 7-12.

Categories:

• Personalities in alphabetical order
• Scientists alphabetically
• April 21st
• Born in 1934
• Born in Samara
• Deceased in 1981
• Deceased in Moscow
• Doctors of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
• USSR Masters of Sports
• SSAU teachers
• USSR designers
• Physicists of the USSR
• USSR engineers
• Members of the CPSU
• Graduates of SSAU
• Unsolved murders in Russia

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Numerous articles have been written about this mysterious murder in print and electronic media, and at the end of 2017, the Rossiya TV channel showed an investigative documentary film, Bomb for the Chief Designer. However, none of the authors of these materials managed to answer the main questions: who nevertheless ordered and killed in February 1981 the chief designer of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems of the USSR Minaviaprom (KKBAS) Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhny.

How the designer was killed

As the Samara Review wrote, Berezhnoy died on February 4, 1981 in Moscow, where he was on a business trip. From the capital of the designer, someone asked to bring medicine. And when Berezhnoy got into the car and opened the box, the explosion blew the car apart. The body of the murdered designer was so disfigured that the deceased was buried in a closed coffin. The driver of the scientist was shell-shocked, no one else was injured as a result of the explosive device.

Who he was Professor, Doctor of Science I. A. Berezhnoy since 1972 headed the KKBAS, which was previously called the Aircraft and Helicopter Chassis Design Bureau. As a specialist, he was appreciated by such aircraft designers as A. Tupolev, O. Antonov and V. Myasishchev. He was the author of over 200 scientific developments in the field of aircraft engineering. The designer was best known for the Glissada laser landing system. However, as the Volzhskaya Kommuna newspaper writes, immediately after the murder of Berezhny (the investigation was conducted by the KGB), numerous frauds were revealed in his design bureau, in which Igor Alexandrovich's subordinates appeared. Investigators argued that Berezhnoy could not have been unaware of these crimes. The employees of the secret design bureau, judging by the results of the investigation, on a large scale appropriated the inventory items allocated for the bureau, mainly the Soviet deficit of that time: from furniture and televisions to imported film and photographic film. According to these facts, a criminal case was initiated. The total amount of damage caused to the state amounted to more than 20 thousand rubles.

The main versions of the assassination

This murder is called the first custom-made in the history of the late USSR. Berezhnoy held a high position in Kuibyshev, he was predicted to be the secretary of the city party committee. Four subordinates of the chief designer of the design bureau were arrested on charges of fraud. During the arrest, one of them managed to poison himself, the other stuck a knife in himself, but he was pumped out. Kuibyshev judge A. A. Shchupakov, who was involved in the trial of this case, assured in his interview with Volga Commune that Berezhnoy clearly helped to write off valuables. According to one of the versions, voiced in the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" on behalf of the former designers who worked in KKBAS, the contract killing was connected precisely with the illegal activities of the Design Bureau. In particular, the planes of the secret enterprise were often used for other purposes by the party elite of Kuibyshev, allegedly the mafia was interested in this aircraft, which was going to transport certain goods on it.

Samara Review also cites the exotic hypothesis of the murder of Berezhnoy, which is associated with the beloved flight attendant L. I. Brezhnev. The only person involved in the criminal case that has survived to this day, initiated on the fact of abuses in the KKBAS, V. Nekhoroshev, who received a suspended sentence, believes that Berezhny was simply removed indicatively so that other prominent Soviet designers "did not stick out." Allegedly, the "Glissade" system, developed under the leadership of Igor Alexandrovich, was very interested in the Americans, and they wanted to lure the scientist to the USA. Opponents of this version argue that there was nothing special in Glissade, moreover, its parameters were published by Pravda at one time.

In the end, no one was charged with the murder of I. A. Berezhny (they were removed from one of the subordinates of the chief designer, who was subsequently convicted of financial fraud in the design bureau). The authors of the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" requested information about the criminal case initiated on the fact of the murder in the archives of the FSB and the Prosecutor General's Office. But these services reported that they did not have any materials. Thus, the questions of who and for what killed the chief designer in 1981 remain unanswered today.

February 4 1774 d. all Pugachev rebels were sent to Kazan, and the rest were sworn in and signed that they would be loyal to the Empress. The capture of Samara and the severe punishment of the rebels completely subordinated this city to the government. * February 4 1925 Samara mechanic I.S. Ryzhov invented a new type of internal combustion engine. He has a patent for it, however, he does not have the means to manufacture the model. Ryzhov works at the second factory for the production of sports and gymnastic supplies. * February 4 1981 in Moscow, the head of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Igor Alexandrovich Berezhnoy, was killed by an explosion in a company car. During the investigation, it was established that an explosive device disguised as a box of medicines was handed over to him that day.

Grave of I.A. Berezhny

This day in the history of the region.

How the Pugachevites were punished

February 4 1774 General Mansurov reports from Samara to Kazan to General-in-Chief Bibikov, who led military operations against the army of E. Pugachev, about the punishment of the Pugachevites with batogs. The cruel punishment of "Samara residents of various ranks" followed the hot meeting of Pugachev's associate Arapov and their other crimes.

As you know, the Pugachev chieftain Ilya Arapov took Samara without a fight. Before his arrival, the commandant Balakhontsev, knowing about the atrocities of the Pugachevites, succumbing to rumors about a large number of people and guns in the Arapov detachment, on December 25, 1773, with officers and 36 soldiers, fled from the city in a panic, leaving artillery and most of the garrison personnel there. At 80 versts from the city, he waited for the approach of government troops and, together with them, turned towards Samara. He did not take part in the battle for her, he covered the convoy with his people.

The remaining 340 soldiers of the garrison, the clergy and residents of the city met Arapov's detachment with bread and salt and bell ringing. But the Pugachevites failed to keep Samara. On December 28, the rebels, poorly trained in military affairs, fled, having lost several hundred killed and wounded. The massacre of the inhabitants who sided with the rebels began. All those who were involved in the rebellion were ordered "for fear, to be cruelly punished with whips at a meeting of the people, saying that they should remain firm against the villains and their stomach as faithful subjects should not spare."

The former commandant Balakhontsev was removed from his post, put on trial, found guilty of surrendering the fortress to the enemy and leaving his post. Sentenced to death by hanging. However, the commander-in-chief P.I. Panin replaced the death sentence with the demotion of the former captain to a soldier with the right to long service.

General-in-chief A.I. Bibikov, who led the suppression of the Pugachev rebellion, sent a letter to the Archbishop of Kazan with an order to change and punish the clergy of Samara who had gone over to the side of the rebels (Pugachevites). There were 9 of them, all of them, after the arrival of the replacement, were sent to Kazan. Lieutenant Colonel Grinev, who arrived from Simbirsk, tried to figure out which of the inhabitants of the city was most guilty of supporting the rebels. All rebels were also sent to Kazan, while others were sworn in and signed that they would be loyal to the Empress and would not have secret ties with traitors and robbers. The capture of Samara and the severe punishment of the rebels completely subordinated this city to the government.

Other events of this day in different years of the history of Samara:

February 4 1774 General Mansurov reports to Bibikov in Kazan about the cruel punishment of the Pugachevites by batogs. The brutal punishment of "Samar residents of various ranks" by batogs followed the hot meeting of Pugachev's associate Arapov and other crimes. Bibikov Alexander Ilyich - general-in-chief, senator. He led military operations against the army of E. Pugachev, including the operation to "cleanse the Samara district from the rebels."

Arapov Ilya Fedorovich - an associate of Emelyan Pugachev and a "marching ataman" of the rebel army. A serf who fled from his master.

February 4 1913 d. A meeting of the commission was held to determine the amount of sick leave and other arrears. According to the decision of the Duma, in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, it was decided to lay down arrears "completely hopeless to recover due to the extreme poverty of the arrears."

February 4 1920 d. Unrest arose among the workers of the Pipe Factory. According to the Chairman of the Board of the Pipe Plant N.M. Yanson, on the basis of the introduction of a new wage system and under the influence of agitation by the Mensheviks "and other hostile elements" unrest arose among the workers of the plant. In addition, the workers demand an increase in food rations.

February 4 1925 Samara mechanic I.S. Ryzhov invented a new type of internal combustion engine. The Kommuna newspaper reported sensational news: Samara mechanic I.S. Ryzhov invented a new type of internal combustion engine. And he already has a patent for it “from the Center”. However, he does not have the funds to make the model. According to the expert commission of the Samara branch of the All-Russian Association of Inventors, the new type of engine will be widely used in the Samara Territory, and then in other areas. Ryzhov is 44 years old. Works in Samara at the second factory for the production of sports and gymnastic accessories. Lives in the monastery village.

Additional information about the events of this day from other sources:

February 4 1936 - For the construction and repair of pavements and sidewalks of the city in 1936, 8 million rubles are allocated, more than 60 thousand square meters of pavements will be covered with asphalt concrete.

1981 - In Moscow, the head of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS) Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhnoy, born in 1934, was killed by an explosion in a company car. During the investigation, it was established that an explosive device disguised as a box of medicines was handed over to him that day.

(Articles about Berezhnoy:

*

This murder is called the first custom-made in the history of the late USSR. Berezhnoy occupied a high position in Kuibyshev, he was predicted to be the secretary of the city party committee. Four subordinates of the chief designer of the design bureau were arrested on charges of fraud. During the arrest, one of them managed to poison himself, the other stuck a knife in himself, but he was pumped out. Kuibyshevsky Judge A.A. Shchupakov, who was involved in the proceedings of this case, assured in his interview with Volga Commune that Berezhnoy clearly helped to write off valuables. According to one of the versions, voiced in the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" on behalf of the former designers who worked in KKBAS, the contract killing was connected precisely with the illegal activities of the Design Bureau. In particular, the planes of the secret enterprise were often used for other purposes by the party elite of Kuibyshev, allegedly the mafia was interested in this aircraft, which was going to transport certain goods on it.

The Samara Review also cites the exotic hypothesis of the murder of Berezhnoy, which is associated with the beloved flight attendant L.I. Brezhnev. The only person involved in the criminal case that has survived to this day, initiated on the fact of abuses in the KKBAS, V. Nekhoroshev, who received a suspended sentence, believes that Berezhny was simply removed indicatively so that other prominent Soviet designers "did not stick out." Allegedly, the "Glissade" system, developed under the leadership of Igor Aleksandrovich, was very interested in the Americans, and they wanted to lure the scientist to the United States. Opponents of this version argue that there was nothing special in Glissade, moreover, its parameters were published by Pravda at one time.

Ultimately, no one was charged with the murder of I.A. Berezhny (they were removed from one of the chief designer's subordinates, who was subsequently convicted of financial fraud in the design bureau). The authors of the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" requested information about the criminal case initiated on the fact of the murder in the archives of the FSB and the Prosecutor General's Office. But these services reported that they did not have any materials. Thus, the questions of who and for what killed the chief designer in 1981 remain unanswered today.