Erich Hartmann is a blond knight of the Reich. Erich Hartmann is a blond knight of the Reich. You can't destroy our plane with a couple of shots

This is what his mother, who herself was an experienced sports pilot, called the future German ace. It was she who gave Hartmann his first flying lessons. Erich trained at a flight school on the outskirts of Berlin. At the age of 20, he began his military career as part of a Luftwaffe formation in the North Caucasus. In one of his first air battles, due to his inexperience, he crashed the plane. In the spring of 1943, Erich Hartmann began counting down his victories in the sky, developing a special tactic for defeating the enemy in the air - he shot at the enemy plane only when the fighter was at the closest possible distance. The German pilot's colleagues who adopted this method often died, and Hartmann had a diabolical intuition that allowed him to emerge victorious in air battles. The pilot also preferred to attack from an ambush. As he himself stated, in the overwhelming majority of cases, the enemy he struck did not have time to realize what had happened. Hartmann was shot down 14 times and was once captured by the Soviets, but escaped. This happened in the summer of 1943, when his Messerschmitt was hit, and Hartmann had to make an emergency landing behind the front line. When the German pilot saw Russian soldiers approaching the plane, he pretended to be wounded. The German ace was loaded on a stretcher onto a truck and taken to headquarters. Taking advantage of the moment, Hartmann hit the guard and, jumping from the truck, disappeared into a field where sunflowers grew. They fired after him, but he was not hit. But the pilot was almost shot by his own when he crossed the front line - Hartmann was almost killed by a German sentry

Erich Hartmann, blond knight of the Reich.

Hartmann, Erich (Hartmann), Luftwaffe fighter pilot, major. According to official statistics, he shot down 352 enemy aircraft, topping the list of German aces in World War II. Born on April 19, 1922 in Weissach. He spent his childhood in China, where his father worked as a doctor. From 1936 he flew gliders in a flying club under the guidance of his mother, an athlete pilot. He piloted airplanes from the age of 16. From 1940 he trained at the 10th training regiment of the Luftwaffe near Königsberg, then at a flight school in Berlin. He began his combat flying career in August 1942 as part of the 52nd Fighter Aviation Regiment, which fought in the Caucasus. He took part in the Battle of Kursk, was shot down, captured, but managed to escape. In 1944 he was appointed commander of the 53rd air group. He was awarded many orders and medals, including becoming the sixth Luftwaffe pilot to receive the Knight's Cross with oak leaves, swords and diamonds.

During World War II, he flew 1,525 combat missions, scoring 352 aerial victories (345 of them over Soviet aircraft) in 825 air battles. Due to his small stature and youthful appearance, he received the nickname Bubi - baby.

A pre-war glider pilot, Hartmann joined the Luftwaffe in 1940 and completed pilot training in 1942. He was soon sent to the 52nd Fighter Squadron (German: Jagdgeschwader 52) on the eastern front, where he came under the tutelage of experienced Luftwaffe fighter pilots. Under their guidance, Hartmann developed his skills and tactics, which eventually earned him the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds on 25 August 1944 for his 301st confirmed aerial victory.

Erich Hartmann achieved his 352nd and last air victory on May 8, 1945. Hartmann and the remaining troops from JG 52 surrendered to American forces, but were handed over to the Red Army. Formally accused of war crimes, but in fact - for the destruction of enemy military equipment in wartime, sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment in maximum security camps, Hartman will spend 10 and a half years in them, until 1955. In 1956 he joined the rebuilt West German Luftwaffe, and became the first commander of the JG 71 Richthoffen squadron. In 1970, he left the army, largely due to his rejection of the American Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, which was then used to equip the German troops, and constant conflicts with his superiors.

Childhood and youth

Erich Hartmann was born in Weissach, Württemberg, the elder of two brothers. During World War II, his younger brother Alfred also joined the Luftwaffe (he was a gunner on a Ju 87 during the German campaign in North Africa and spent 4 years in English captivity). The boys spent some of their childhood in China, as their father wanted to escape the effects of 1920s German poverty and economic depression. With the help of his cousin, who worked as a consul at the German embassy in China, Erich's father managed to find work there. Upon arrival in the city of Changsha, to his great surprise, he realized that living conditions in China were much better and moved his family there. However, in 1928 they had to return to Germany due to the outbreak of the civil war in China. The local population stopped trusting foreigners, and attacks on diplomats began. Elisa Hartmann and her two children quickly left the country, their return journey took place along the Trans-Siberian Railway - this was Erich’s first meeting with the USSR.

After some time, the family was reunited in the city of Weil im Schönbuch in southwestern Germany. From that moment on, Hartmann began to become interested in aviation. He joins a glider training program run by the resurgent Luftwaffe. Hartman's mother, Eliza, was one of the first female pilots. The family even bought a small light aircraft, but in 1932 they were forced to sell it due to poverty resulting from the economic collapse of Germany. After the National Socialists came to power, flight schools began to receive support from the new government, and Elisa Hartmann created a new flight school in her city, in which fourteen-year-old Erich received a pilot's license, and at the age of fifteen he became an instructor in one of the glider groups Hitler Youth.

After studying at a secondary school (April 1928 - April 1932), a gymnasium (April 1932 - April 1936) and at the National Institute of Political Education in Rottweil (April 1936 - April 1937), he entered the gymnasium in Korntal, where in October 1939 he met the girl Ursula, who soon became his wife.

Luftwaffe

During his training, Erich showed himself to be an outstanding sniper and a diligent student (although he was of little interest in military drill), and by the end of his training he was in perfect command of his fighter. On 24 August 1942, still at the advanced aerial gunnery course in Gleiwitz, he flew to Zerbst and demonstrated some of the tricks of Lieutenant Hohagen, the former German aerobatic champion, over the airfield. After performing some elements of aerobatics over the airfield in Gleiwitz, the authorities placed the pilot under a week-long house arrest, which may have saved his life - the pilot who flew in his place the next day crashed.

In October 1942, having completed his training in the Vostok reserve fighter group, he was assigned to the North Caucasus in the 52nd Fighter Squadron on the Eastern Front. After arriving at the Luftwaffe supply base in Krakow, Erich Hartmann and three other pilots had to fly to their squadron in a completely unfamiliar Stuka. This ignorance turned into a local pogrom and two destroyed attack aircraft; the pilots were sent to JG 52 on a transport plane. The battles on the Eastern Front were fought at least 750 miles above Soviet territory, and Hartmann had to conduct air battles in these unknown places. The JG 52 squadron had already earned great fame in Germany; many of the best Luftwaffe aces flew in it, as Hartmann was able to verify immediately after arrival - Walter Krupinski barely escaped from a burning, grounded fighter. Walter Krupinski (197 aircraft shot down, 16th in the world) became his first commander and mentor. Among the others was Chief Sergeant Paul Rossmann, who preferred not to enter the “air carousel”, but to attack from an ambush, a carefully studied tactic that would bring Erich Hartmann first place in an informal competition of the world’s best aces and 352 aerial victories. When Krupinski became the new squadron commander, Erich became his wingman. Since Krupinski constantly called the 20-year-old recruit, who looked much younger than his age, “Bubi” (boy, baby), this nickname became firmly attached to him.

Hartmann shot down his first plane on November 5, 1942 (an Il-2 from the 7th GShAP), but over the next three months he managed to shoot down only one plane. Hartmann gradually improved his flying skills, focusing on the effectiveness of the first attack. Over time, the experience bore fruit: during the Battle of Kursk in July 1943, he shot down 7 aircraft in one day, in August 1943 he accounted for 49, and in September he added another 24 downed aircraft to his personal account.

Walter Krupinski and Erich Hartmann (right)

By the end of the summer of 1943, Erich Hartmann already had 90 victories, but on August 19, during an attack by another IL, his plane was damaged, and he made an emergency landing behind the front line. Squadron commander Dietrich Hrabak ordered Hartmann's unit to support Stuka dive bombers from the second squadron of Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 attack aircraft, led by the famous attack aircraft ace Hans-Ulrich Rudel, but the situation suddenly changed, and the German pilots had to face a mass of Yak-9 and La-5 fighters. Hartmann managed to shoot down 2 planes before shrapnel damaged his Bf-109. Having landed with difficulty (behind the front line), Hartmann, having fiddled with his plane for some time, saw approaching Russian soldiers. Realizing that resistance was futile and there was no way to escape, he pretended to be wounded. His acting skills convinced the soldiers, and he was placed on a stretcher and sent to headquarters in a truck. Waiting patiently, Hartmann seized the opportunity, using a Stuka attack to distract the soldiers, he hit the only guard hard, jumped out of the truck and ran towards a large field in which huge sunflowers grew, evading the bullets flying after him. Moreover, the entire story associated with the details of Hartmann’s rescue from Russian soldiers is known exclusively from his words and does not have any reliable confirmation. Waiting until nightfall, he followed the patrol going west and returned to his unit, crossing the front line. Already approaching his own, the nervous sentry tried to shoot Erich, who did not believe that he was really a downed pilot, but the bullet miraculously missed the target, tearing his trouser leg.

Four pilots of III./JG52 on the Eastern Front at the end of 1942

From left to right: Oberfeldwebel Hans Dammers, Oberfeldwebel Edmund Rossmann, Oberfeldwebel Alfred Grislawski and Lieutenant Erich Hartmann

On October 29, 1943, Lieutenant Hartmann was awarded the Knight's Cross, having 148 aircraft shot down, on December 13 he celebrated his 150th air victory, and by the end of 1943 their number had risen to 159. In the first two months of 1944, Hartmann earned another 50 victories, and the rate of their acquisition was constantly increasing. These results raised doubts in the Luftwaffe Supreme Headquarters; his victories were double-checked two or three times, and his flights were watched by an observer pilot attached to Hartmann’s unit. By March 2, 1944, the number of victories reached 202 aircraft. By this time, the call sign Karaya 1 had already become familiar to Soviet pilots, and the command of the Soviet Army set a price of 10,000 rubles for his head.

Erich Hartmann with his mechanic Heinz "Bimmel" Mertens

For some time, Hartmann flew aircraft with the “Black Tulip” paint element (a multi-pointed star painted on the propeller spinner and around the cowling).

From left to right: Walter Krupinski, Gerhard Barkhorn, Johannes Wiese and Erich Hartmann

Having achieved his first significant successes, Bubi applied a frightening livery to his Messer in a purely boyish way - he painted the nose of the fighter black. This is allegedly why, according to British historians, Soviet pilots nicknamed him the “Black Devil of the South.” To be honest, it is doubtful that the Russians called the adversary so metaphorically. Soviet sources retained prosaic nicknames - “Black” and “Devil”.

Oberleutnant Erich Hartmann in the cockpit of his Bf-109G-6. Russia, August 1944

They immediately started a hunt for “Cherny”, placing a premium of 10 thousand rubles on his head. I had to run away all the time. Having played “cool” enough, Erich returned the plane to its normal appearance. He left only the sign of the 9th squadron - a heart pierced by an arrow, where he wrote the name of the bride - Ursula

That same month, Hartmann, Gerhard Barkhorn, Walter Krupinski and Johannes Wiese were summoned to Hitler's headquarters to present awards. Barkhorn was nominated for the Swords and Knight's Cross, while Hartmann, Krupinski and Wiese were to be awarded the Leafs. During the train ride, the pilots drank heavily and arrived at the residence, struggling to stand and supporting each other. Hitler's Luftwaffe adjutant, Major Nikolaus von Below, was shocked. After Hartmann came to his senses, he tried on an officer’s cap from a hanger, but this greatly upset von Belov, who noticed to him that it was Hitler’s cap.

Possessing vast flying experience, Hartmann neglected the rules of classic air combat. He flew masterfully in his Messerschmitt, sometimes flaunting his courage. He described his tactics in the following words: “saw - decided - attacked - broke away.” Hartmann survived 14 emergency landings, was shot down twice and bailed out once. When the war ended, his immediate superior, Air Commodore Seidemann, ordered him to fly from Czechoslovakia to the British occupation zone. For the first time, Hartmann disobeyed the order and, joining a group of civilian refugees, surrendered to the advancing American troops, unaware that he would spend the next 10 years in the extremely difficult conditions of a Soviet prisoner of war camp.

In October 1955, Erich Hartmann finally returned to Germany and joined the rebuilding Luftwaffe. He mastered jet flying and was appointed the first commander of JG 71 Richthoffen. He objected to the Luftwaffe equipping the American F-104 Starfighter supersonic fighters, considering them too difficult to pilot and not effective enough in combat. This led him on September 30, 1970 to a premature farewell to military service, which he left with the rank of aviation colonel.

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ьTYIH iBTFNBOOKH EDCHB YURPMOYMPUSH 23 ZPDB, LPZDB ON RPRBM CH MBRSCH TKHUULYI. th BY PLBBBMUS ABOUT UBNPK CHETYYOE, OEUNPFTS ABOUT UCPA NPMPDPUFSH. ON UNPZ UBN CHSHCHDETTSBFSH CHUE YURSHCHFBOYS Y CH FEYOOYE 10 MEF ЪBLMAYUEOYS CH OECHSCHOPUYNSHI KHUMPCHYSI UMKHTSYM RTYNETPN UFPKLPUFY DMS UCHPYI UPPFEYUEFCHEOYLPCH. PYUEOSH TEDLP CH DTECHOEK YUFPTYY Y RTPUFP OILLPZDB CH UPCHTENOOOPK NPTsOP OBKFY UFPMSH DMYFEMSHOSH RPRSHCHFLY UMPNYFSH ZETPS. rPCHEDEOYE iBTFNBOOB CH OYUEMPCHYUEULYI HUMPCHYSI MHYUYE RPDFCHETTSDBEF EZP ZETPYN, YUEN CHUE EZP OZTBDSCH.

yUFPLY UYMSH YYIB iBTFNBOOB METSBMY CHOE DPUZBENPUFY olchd. eFYNY YUFPYUOILBNY UMKHTSYMY EZP UENSHS, CHPURYFBOIE CH DHIE UCHPVPDSH, EUFEUFCHOOPE NHTSEUFChP, KHYMEOOPE OEKHNYTBAEEK MAVPCHSHA RTELTBUOPK TsEOEYOSCH - EZP TSEOSCH. ch'TYIE UPYUEFBMYUSH MHYUYE YETFSH EZP TPDYFEMEC. EZP PFEG VSCHM URPLPKOSHCHK, VMBZPTPDODOSCHK NHTSYUYOB, DPUFPKOSHCHK RTYNET ECHTPREKULPZP DPLFPTB UFBTSCHI CHTENEO, LPFPTPZP PFMYUBMY YULTEOOSS ЪBVPFB P VMYTSOEN Y RTBLFYUE ULBS NHDTPUFSH, RPYUFY UPCHETYEOOP RTPRBCHYE X UPCHTENEOOOSCHI MADEK. EZP NBFSH, LPFPTBS VSHMB TSYCHB, LPZDB RYUBMBUSH LFB LOIZB, VSHMB CH AOPUFY YUKHFLYN LLUFTBCHETFPN, CHUEEMPK, OOETZYUOPK, RTEDRTYYNYUYCHPK YULBFEMSHOYGEK RTYLMAYUEOYK.

dPLFPT iBTFNBOO MAVYM RPZHYMPUPZHUFChPChBFSH ЪB VPLBMPN RYCHB, PFDSCHIBS PF DOECHOSHHI ЪBVPF UCHPEK NOPZPFTHDOPK RTPZHEUUYY. b EZP OERPUEDMYCHBS VMPODYOLB-TSEOB MEFBMB ABOUT UBNPMEFBI ЪBDPMZP DP FPZP LBL PVEEUFCHOOPE NOOOYE ZETNBOYY TEYMP, YuFP LFP ЪBOSFYE FPTSE VMBZPRTYUFPKOP DMS TsEOEYOSCH. zPFPCHOPUFSH TYULOKHFSH Y FCHETDPE PUPBOBOE RTEDEMPCH DPRKHUFYNPZP - CHPF LMAYUECHSCHE BMENEOFSH FPZP, YuFP RPJCHPMYMP UTYIH iBTFNBOOKH UFBM MHYUYN RYMPFPN CHUEI CHTENEO. th PO RTSNP KHOBUMEDPCHBM LFY YUETFSCH PF UCHPYI TDYFEMEC. fBLPE YUBUFMYCHPE OBUMEDUFCHP OBMPTSYM PUSH ABOUT EZP UPVUFCHEOOSCH CHSHCHDBAEYEUS LBUEUFCHB Y DBMP CH TEKHMSHFBFE YULMAYUYUFEMSHOSHCHK FBMBOF.

EZP CHPMS CH RTEPDPMEOY RTERSFUFCHYK VSHMB RPYUFY STPUFOPK. EZP RTSNPFB NSHUMEK Y UMCH PYBTBYCHBMB UPVEUEDOILB, RTECHTBEBMB TPVLYI Y LPMEVMAEYIUS CH OELPMEVYNSCHI. BY VSHHM OEUZYVBENSCHN YODYCHYDHBMYUFPN CH LRPIKH NBUUPCHPZP RPDYOOEOYS Y LPOZHPTNNYNB. BY VSHM RYMPFPN-YUFTEVYFEMEN DP NPJZB LPUFEK OE FPMSHLP CH FPN UNSHUME, YUFP UFBM MKHYUYN BUPN, OP Y RP PFOPEYOYA L TSYOOOSCHN YURSHCHFBOYSN.

ChYMSFSH CHPLTHZ YuEZP-FP VShchMP DMS OEZP OENSHUMYNP, DBCE EUMY PF LFPZP ЪBCHYUEMB EZP TSYOSH. BY VSHM BVUPMAFOP OERTYZPDEO L DYRMPNBFYUEULPK UMKHTSVE U EZP RTYCHSHCHYULPK THVYFSH OBPFNBYSH, ЪBFP BY VSHHM PFMYUOSCHN URPTFUNEOPN Y RTYCHETTSEOGEN YuEUFOPK YZTSHCH. YuEUFOSHCHK YUEMPCHEL Refinery UPCHETYEOOOP OE VPSFSHUS EZP. h LRPIKH, LPZDB YUEUFOBS YZTB UYUIFBEFUS YuEN-FP OERPOSPOSCHN Y DBTSE BOBIPOYUEULN, yTYI VSHM ZPFPCH RTPPFSOKHFSH THLH RPCHETTSEOOPNH RTPPFYCHOILH, LBL LFP DEMBMY TSCHGB TY RTETSOYI CHTENEO.

h ChP'DKHYOSCHI VPSI Ch LBYUEUFCHE UPMDBFB PO KHVYM NOPTSEUFChP CHTBTSEULYI RYMPFPCH, PDOBLP CH RPCHUEDOECHOPK TSYJOY ON VSHM RTPUFP OE URPUPVEO RTYYUYOYFSH LPNH-OYVKhDSH VPMSH. po OE VSHM TEMYZYPJEO CH ZHTNBMSHOPN UNSHUME UMPCHB, IPFS po ChPUIEBMUS Y KhChBTsBM OENGECH, LPFPTSHCHE RTEFETREMY FBLYE NHYUEOYS CH TPUUYY. EZP TEMYZYEK VSHMB UPCHEUFSH, SCHMSCHYBSUS RTDPDPMTSEOYEN EZP UETDGB VPKGB. lBL PDOBTSDSCH ЪBNEFYM dTsPTDC VETOBTD yPKH: "eUFSH PRTEDEMOOOSCHK FYR MADEK, LPFPTSCHE UYYFBAF, YuFP OELPFPTSCHE CHEY RTPUFP OEMSHЪS DEMBFSH, OEЪBCHYUYNP PF FPZP, YuEZP LFP V HDEF UFPYFSH. fBLYI MADEK NPTsOP OBCHBFSH TEMYZYPOSCHNY. YMY CHSH NPTSEFE OBCHBFSH YI DTSEOFMSHNEOBNY.” lPDELU RPCHEDEOYS ЪTYIB iBTFNBOOB - EZP TEMYZYS, NPTsOP ULBUBFSH, - ЪBLMAYUBMUS CH FPN, YuFP PO OE Refinery DEMBFSH FP, YuFP YULTEOOE UYFBM OERTBCHYMSHOSCHN. y ON OE TSEMBM DEMBFSH FP, YUFP UYFBM OERTBCHIMSHOSCHN.

ьФПФ PVTБ NSHCHYMEOYS VSHM UMEDUFCHYEN EZP YuETOP-VEMPZP CHPURTYSFYS NYTB, LPFPTPPE RPYUFY OE DPRKHULBMP RPMKHFPOPCH. BY CHETPCHBM CH NPTBMSHOSHE RTYOGYRSCH RTPYMPZP. chPNPTSOP, LFP RTYCHYM ENKH PFEG. BY PUPVEOOP PUFTP YUKHCHUFCHPCHBM YUFYOH, UFP RTYOEUMP ENKH CHPUIEEOOYE UCHTENEOOOSCHI NPMPDSCHI OENEGLYI RYMPFPCH. h TKHUULYI MBZETSI EZP DHIPCHOSHE UYMSCH UPUTEDPFPYUMYUSH ABOUT UPDBOY YDEBMSHOPZP PVTBB EZP CHPMAVMEOOOPK xY. EZP KHVETSDEOYE, YuFP DPNB CHUE VHDEF IPTPYP, NSCHUMEOOSCH LBTFYOSCH, LPFPTSHCHE YTYI CHIDEM, FPTSE UFBMY UCHPEZP TPDB TEMYZYEK. EZP CHETB CH HY OILPZDB OE RPLPMEVBMBUSH Y VSHMB FSHUSUELTBFOP CHPOBZTBTSDEOB.

vshchm MY RPFPNKH YTYI iBTFNBOO ЪBNLOHFSHCHN зПГЭОФТУФПН, UPUTEDPPFPYUEOOPN FPMSHLP ABOUT UBNPN UEVE Y UCHPEK xY? lPOYUOP OEF. h DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY X OEZP DBCE OE VSHMP OEPVIPDYNPUFY RPRBDBFSH CH TKHUULHA FATSHNH. RETED UBNSHCHN LPOGPN CHPKOSCH ZEOETBM yEKDENBOO RTYLBBM ENKH CHSHCHMEFEFSH YY UEIPUMPCCHBLY CH GEOFTBMSHOKHA ZETNBOYA. EHH VSHMY RTYLBUBBOP UDBFSHUS BOZMYUBOBN. ZEOETBM yEKDENBOO OBBM, YuFP TKHUULYE PFPNUFSF UCHPENKH UBNPNKH UFTBYOPNKH CHPDHYOPNKH RTPFPYCHOILKH. rTYLB MEFEFSH CH VE'PRBUOPE NEUFP VSHM RPUMEDOYN RTYLBBPN, RPMKHYUEOOOSCHN PE CHTENS CHPKOSH IBTFNBOOPN PF CHCHYEUFPSEEZP YFBVB.

NPMPDK UCHEFMPCHPMPUSHK NBKPT UPOBFEMSHOP PFLBBBMUS CHSHRPMOSFSH LFPF RTYLB. FSHCHUSYU OENEGLYI ZTBTSDBOULYI VETSEOGECH - TsEOEYO, DEFEC Y UFBTYLPCH - UPRTPCHPTsDBMY EZP ZTHRRH. vPMSHYBS YI YUBUFSH FBL YMY YOBYUE VSHMB UCHSBOB U EZP RPDYUYOOOSCHNY. DMS CHPEOOOPZP RTYLB - LFP CHUE, BY DPMTSEO VSHFSH CHSHPRMOEO. chNEUFP LFPZP ityi RPUFKHRIM FBL, LBL RP EZP NOEOYA DYLFPCHBM LPDELU YUEUFY PZHYGETB Y RPTSDPUOPZP YuEMPCHELB. BY PUFBMUS AT WEBBEIFOSCHNY VETSEOGBNY. bFP TEYEOYE UFPYMP ENKH DEUSFY MEF TSYYOY.

ULTPNOPUFSH VSHMB FBLPK CE OEPFYAENMENPK YuETFPK LFPPZP YUEMPCHELB, LBL EZP ZPMKHVSHCH ZMBBB Y TKHUSCHE CHPMPUSH. po OE UPPVEIM BCHFPTBN P RTYLBYE ZEOETBMB yEKDENBOOB EB CHUE 12 MEF OBLPNUFCHB, LPFPTSHCHE RTEDYUFChPCHBMY RPDZPFPCHLE LFK LOYZY. sing KHOBMY P RTYLBYE YY DTHZYI YUFPYUOILPC. lPZDB EZP RTSNP URTPUIMY PV LFPN, iBTFNBOO FPMSHLP KHUNEIOKHMUS.

VETSBMPUFOP TSEUFLYK L UBNPNKH UEVE, PO CHUEZDB Refinery OBKFY CH UCHPEN UETDGE PRTBCHDBOYE FPCHBTYEH, LPFPTSCHK OE CHSHCHDETTSBM DBCHMEOYS UPCHEFPCH. LBTSDSCHK YUEMPCHEL YNEEF UCHPK RTEDEM RTPYUOPUFY, LFP-FP MPNBEFUS TBOSHYE, LFP-FP RPTSE, FBL DKHNBM ityi iBTFNBOO. lPZDB RUYILB EZP FPCHBTYEEK UDBCHBMB, OE CHSHCHDETTSBCH FBLPZP YURSHCHFBOYS LBL TBJCHPD U TSEOBNY, PUFBCHYYNYUS CH ZETNBOY, BY UFBTBMUS CHETOHFSH YN DKHYECHOSHCHE UYMSCH. BY REFINERY NSZLP ZPCHPTYFSH U OYNY YMY TEILINE YMERLPN CHETOKHFSH L DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY. EZP LTEUFOSHCHK RKhFSh VShchM EZP UPVUFCHEOOSCHN. dTHZIE MADI NPZMY UMEDPCHBFSH ЪB OIN, FPMSHLP EUMY POY UBNY DPVTPCHPMSHOP DEMBMY FBLPK TSE CHSHVPT.

lPZDB CH 1955 LBOGMET bDEOBKHT DPVIYMUS EZP PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS YI TKHUULPZP RMEOB, CH TPUUYY EEE PUFBCHBMPUSH NOPTSEUFCHP OENEGLYI RMEOOSCHI. noPZYE RMEOOSCH VSHMY PUCHPVPTSDEOSCH TBOSHYE OEZP, Y LPZDB BY CHETOKHMUS CH ъBRBDOCHA

ZETNBOYA L UCHPYN TPDOSCHN, LFP UFBMP RTBDOYLPN DMS VSHCHYI RMEOOOSCHY YI UENEK. ABOUT CHPLЪBME CH IETMEIUZBKHYOEOE, HERE ON CHRETCHESCHE UFKHRIM ABOUT UCHPVPDOHA ЪENMA, EZP CHUFTEFYMY YKHN Y TBDPUFOPE CHPVHTSDEOYE. EHH UPPVEYMY, YuFP RMBOYTHEFUS EEE VPMEE RSCHYOBS CHUFTEYUB CH yFHFFZBTFE, CHPME EZP TPDOPZP ZPTPDLB CHEMSH-YN-yЈOVKHI. BUUPGYBGYS CHPEOOPRMEOOOSCHI PTZBOYPCHBMB FPTCEUFCHB, PTSYDBMPUSH RTYVSCHFYE CHBTSOSCHI RETUPO.

iHDPK Y YNPTSDEOOOSCHK iBTFNBOO VShchM SCHOP RPFTSUEO. ъBFEN ON PZPTTYYM CHUFTEYUBAYI OBUFPSFEMSHOPK RTPUSHVPK OE PTZBOYPCHCHCHBFSH FBLPZP RTYENB. PO OE refinery RTOYNBFSH KHYUBUFYE CH RPDPVOSHHI RTBDOEOUFCHBI. zBEFYUYYYURTPUYMY EZP, RPYUENKH ON PFLBSCHCHBEFUS RTYOINBFSH UBNSHCHE UETDEYUOSCH RTYCHEFUFCHYS PF TSYFEMEK yFHFFZBTFB.

“rPFPNH YFP TKHUULBS FPYULB ЪTEOYS ABOUT TSYOSH PFMYUBEFUS PF OBYEK. sing CHRPMOE NPZHF TEYYFSH, RPTUMSHCHYBCH P RPDPVOPN RTBDOEOUFCHE, VPMSHYE OE PUCHPVPTsDBFSH OENEGLYI RMEOOSCHI. with ЪOBA TKHUULYI DPUFBFPYUOP IPTPYP, YUFPVSH PRBUBFSHUS RPDPVOPZP TEYEOYS PFOPUYFEMSHOP NPYI UPPFEYUEUFCHEOYLPCH, PUFBCHYIUS CH RMEOKH CH TPUUYY.

lPZDB chue SING CHETOHFUS DPNPK, FPZDB NSCH Y DPMTSOSCH VKhDEN RTBDOPCHBFSH. b UEKYBU NSHCH OE YNEEN RTBCHB KHURPLBYCHBFSHUS, RPLB RPUMEDOYK OENEGLYK RMEOOSCHK OE VHDEF TERBFTYYTPCHBO YЪ tPUUYY.”

EZP 10-MEFOSS UICHBFLB U TKHUULPK UELTEFOPK RPMYGYEK PVPUFTYMB CHTPTSDEOOKHA RTSNPFKH ityib. po OE FETREM KHCHETFPL Y EUMY UFBMLYCHBMUS L PYYVLBNY, ЪBSCHMSM PV LFPN ZTPNLP Y RTSNP. dBCE TEKIUNBTYBM ZETYOZ CH FP CHTENS, LPZDB OBGYUFSH VSHCHMY KH CHMBUFY CH ZETNBOYY, OE UNPZ RETEKHVEDYFSH NPMPDPZP BUB TBYIB iBTFNBOOB, LPFPTSCHK RTPFEUFPCHBM, TEYCH, YUFP ZET JOZ DEKUFCHHEF OERTBCHYMSHOP.

h SOCHBTE 1944 ityi RPUEFYM UCHPA NBFSH, TSYCHYKHA OEDBMELP PF aFEVPTZB. h LFPF RETYPD rchp TEKIB UFTBDBM ULPTEE PF OEICHBFLY RYMPFPCH, YUEN OEICHBFLY UBNPMEFPCH. ON UEM ABOUT VBKH YUFTEVYFEMSHOPK BCHYBGYY CHP'ME AFEVPTZB, LPZDB RPZPDB KHIKHDIYMBUSH. ьTYIH VSHMP CHUEZP 22 ZPDB, OP EZP RPTBYMB NMPPDPUFSH RYMPFPCH, VBYTPCHBCHYIUS ABOUT LFPN BTPDTPNE. ENH OE OTBCHYMBUSH NMPPDPUFSH RYMPFPCH, RTYIPDYYI CH EZP ULBDTYMSHA ABOUT CHPUFPYUOPN ZHTPOFE, OP LFY RYMPFSCH CHPPVEE CHSHZMSDEMY UFBTYELMBUOYLBNY.

lPZDB BY CHETOHMUS RPUME CHYYFB L NBFETY, FP PVOBTHTSYM, YuFP EZP ULBDTYMSHS VSHMB PFRTBCHMEOB CH RPMEF CH ULCHETOKHA RPZPDH. CHEFET RPDOSMUS ЪB OUEULPMSHLP YUBUPCH DP FPZP, LBL ON UBN UEM ABOUT BTPDTPNE. ъBDBUEK MEFYUYLPCH VSHM RETEICHBF BNETYLBOULYI VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH. pZTBOYUEOOBS FTEOYTPCHLB Y EEE VPMEE ULTPNOSHCHK PRSHCHF RTYCHEMY L FPNH, YuFP 10 NPMPDSCHI RYMPFPCH TBVIMYUSH, DBTSE OE CHUFTEFYCH BNETYLBOULYE UBNPMEFSHCH. CHVEYEOOOSCHK VEMPLHTSCHK TSHGBTSH UEM Y OBRYUBM MYYUOPE RPUMBOIE TEKIUNBTYBMKH ZETIOZH.

ZETT TEKIUNBTYBM:
Vzpdos at the BFPZP BTPDTPNB RP Babyenkh Rtilbhh h pfchtbfimshokh RPZPDH VSHMY RPDOSPHSHSHSHSHSHSHEFSHIFEMI, YuFPVSH RPRSHSHFBFSHUS OBKFSH BNELBOULEYE VPNVBTDPCHELI. rPZPDB VShchMB OBUFPMSHLP RMPIPK, YuFP S UBN OE IPFEM VSC MEFEFSH. YUFTEVYFEMY, LPFPTSHCHSHCH PFRTBCHYMY CH CHPDKHI, OE OBYMY VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH, Y 10 NMPDSHI RYMPFPCH Y UBNPMEFPCH VSCHMY RPFETSOSH, OE UDEMBCH OH EDYOPZP CHSHCHUFTEMB RP CHTBZKH .
oELPFPTSCHE Y NPMPDSH RYMPFPCH, U LPFPTSCHNY S TBZPCHBTYCHBM CH LFPC ULBDTYMSHE, Y LPFPTSCHK UEKYBU RPZYVMY, YNEMY NEOEE 80 YUBUPCH OBMEFB. eUMY NSCHOE NPTSEN UVYCHBFSH VPNVBTDYTPCHAILY CH YUYUFPN OEVE, RPUSHMBFSH LFYI AOGPCH KHNYTBFSH CH RMPIHA RPZPDH ZTBOYUYF U RTEUFKHRMEOYEN.
nsch DPMTSOSCH DPTsDBFSHUS, RPLB OEVP PYUYUFYFUS, Y UOPChB RPSCHSFUS VPNVBTDYTPCHAILY. th FPZDB OHTSOP RPUMBFSH CHUEI, YuFPVSH PDOPCHTENEOOOP BFBLPCHBFSH CHTBZB U PRTEDEMEOOSCHNYYYBOUBNY ABOUT KHUREY. rTPUFP RPЪPT FBL FTBFYFSH TsYYOY NPMPDSCHI UPMDBF, LBL LFP VSHMP UDEMBOP UEZPDOS.
YULTEOOOE CHBY
lBRYFBO b. iBTFNBOO
52 YUFTEVYFEMSHOBS YULBDTB

ьTYI iBTFNBOO PFRTBCHYM LFP RYUSHNP RTSNP zeTYOZKH, YURPMSHЪPCHBCH PVSHYUOKHA RPYUFKH, Y KHLBBM UCHPK BDTEU. FPO Y UPDETSBOIE LFZP RPUMBOYS VSHMY DPUFBFPYuOSCH, YUFPVSH LPNBODPCHBOIE OBLBBBMP DBTSE CHSHCHDBAEEZPUS BUB. OP UMEDHAEEE RPUMBOYE, LPFPTPPE PO RPMKHYUM PF ZETYOZB, VSHMP RPJDTBCHMEOYEN UBNPNKH KHDBUMYCHPNKH RYMPFKH-YUFTEVYFEMA. chPNPTSOP, UBN TEKIUNBTYBM OE CHYDEM RYUSHNB and BTFNBOOB. pDOBLP POP VSHMP OBRYUBOP Y PFRTBCHMEOP YNEOOP DMS FPZP, YUFPVSH ZETIOZ EZP RTPYUYFBM.

h TsYЪOY YTYIB iBTFNBOOB VSHMP VPMEE YuEN DPUFBFPYUOP UFTBDBOYK, FBL CE, LBL Y UMBCSHCH. pDOBLP ON VSHHM VPKGPN CH DOY NYTB Y CH DOY CHPKOSHCH, Y CHFPTPUFEREOOSCH YUETFSH EZP IBTBLFETB OE VSHMY PFTBTSEOSCH CH PZTBOYUEOOOPN YUYUME RHVMYLBGYK P OEN. BY VSHM PYUEOSH TSYOETBDPUFOSHN, KHOBUMEDPCHBM PF NBFETY CHUEMPUFSH YUKHCHUFCHP ANPTB. ABOUT CHUFTEYUBI U DTHYSHSNY, UFBTSHNY FPCHBTYEBNY Y NMPPDSHNY RYMPFBNY OPCHSHCHI ZETNBOULYI chchu UFBTSHCHK CHP'DKHYOSCHK FYZT RTECHTBBEBMUS CH LPFEOLB. ChOKHFTY LBTSDPZP NHTSYUYOSCH OE UMYYLPN ZMHVPLP UYDYF NBMSHYUYILB. b bTYI VSHM NBMSHYYYLPK, LPFPTSCHK MAVYM RPYZTBFSH.

EZP NBMSHYUYEULPE RPCHEDEOYE RTYOEUMP ENKH LMYULH "vHVY", LPZDB ON CH 1942 RPRBM ABOUT CHPUFPYUOSCHK ZhTPOF. rP-OENEGLY LFP POBYUBEF NBMSHUYL YMY RBTEOSH. FPZDB ON VSHHM RPMPO TBDPUFY, Y EZP FPCHBTYEY RP PTHTSYS, B FBLCE UFBCHYYK MYYUOSCHN DTHZPN ABOUT DPMZYE ZPDSH chBMSHFET lTHRYOULY TBUULBSHCHBMY, YuFP vHVY PFLBMSHCHBM YF HYULY DBCE RPRBCH CH ЪBNPTPTSEOOSHCHK CHPDKHI UFBCHLY CH VETIFEUZBDEOE, LPZDB RPMKHYUBM OBZTBDH YЪ THL ZYFMETB.

YuEFSHTE MHYUYI BUB 52 YUFTEVYFEMSHOPK ULBDTSCH 3 NBTFB 1944 RTYVSHCHMY CH VETIFEUZBDEO, “pTMYOPE ZOEDP” ZYFMETB, YUFPVSH RPMKHYUYFSH OZTBDSCH. fYNYY BUBNY VSHMY ZETIBTD vBLZPTO, yPIBOOUYE CHYE - “lHVBOULYK SWORD”, chBMSHFET lTHRYOULY - “ZTBZ RHOULY”, Y vHVY iBTFNBOO. lBTSHETB FYI MADEK VSHMB UBNSHCHN FEUOSCHN PVTBBPN RETERMEFEOB U LBTSHETPK iBTFNBOOB. h FPF TBY vBLZPTO DPMTSEO VSHM RPMKHYUBFSH neyuy L UCHPENKH tshchGBTULPNH lTEUFKH, CHFPTHA RP OBYUINPUFY OBZTBDH CH ZETNBOYY. fTPE PUFBMSHOSHI DPMTSOSCH VSCHMY RPMKHYUYFSH DHVPCHSHE MYUFSHS, OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP RTEDYUFCHPBCHYE NEYUBN.

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Childhood and youth

Luftwaffe

Walter Krupinski and Erich Hartmann (right)

Four pilots of III./JG52 on the Eastern Front at the end of 1942

From left to right: Oberfeldwebel Hans Dammers, Oberfeldwebel Edmund Rossmann, Oberfeldwebel Alfred Grislawski and Lieutenant Erich Hartmann

Erich Hartmann with his mechanic Heinz "Bimmel" Mertens

For some time, Hartmann flew aircraft with the “Black Tulip” paint element (a multi-pointed star painted on the propeller spinner and around the cowling).

From left to right: Walter Krupinski, Gerhard Barkhorn, Johannes Wiese and Erich Hartmann

Oberleutnant Erich Hartmann in the cockpit of his Bf-109G-6. Russia, August 1944

Write the truth and only the truth. But not the whole truth.

Moltke the Elder

“In the beginning was the word,” says the Bible. In our case this is absolutely not true. At first there was deathly silence. Read the memoirs of our pilots, the works of “historiographers”. No personalities. Abstract Nazi occupiers and planes with black crosses on the wings. At best, some vague aces of diamonds flash by - and that’s all. Maybe someone was luckier than me. Personally, I found only one mention of the name of the German ace in our literature of the Soviet era. Kurzenkov's memoirs talk about sergeant major Muller (92 victories), shot down by the young lieutenant Bokiy. All. Next - silence. It seems that Hartmann, Rall, Graf, Mölders and others do not exist.

Then the revelation began. Not a single book has yet been published about the enemy’s aces, but the bourgeois falsifiers have caused feathers to fly. Like every honest Soviet person, I have not read this book, but I unanimously condemn it! “Ace or U-two-s?” “Marked Aces”... Well, and so on. The names alone are worth it. Only in the last couple of years have any scraps of information about enemy pilots appeared.

And here is the opposite example - a book written during the same Cold War. But pay attention with what respect, even admiration, the authors speak about Pokryshkin! They consider him an excellent pilot, a brilliant theorist, and an excellent commander. About which of the German aces did we say at least half of these kind words? By the way, I learned a number of details of Pokryshkin’s biography from a book about Hartmann, although his own memoirs “Sky of War” are now on my table. Moreover, details that one should be proud of! For example, his tenacity and perseverance, his colossal analytical work. In fact, the authors call Alexander Pokryshkin one of the creators of the theory of air warfare. Why do you have to learn all this from a book about a German ace? Isn't this a shame for our historians!

But this concerns the general approach to the problem. When it comes to some private issues, doubts remain. The personal accounts of German aces and pilots of any other countries look too different. 352 aircraft of Hartmann and 60 aircraft of Kozhedub, the best of the Allied fighter pilots, involuntarily give rise to different thoughts.

I’ll immediately make a reservation that what follows will be more like reasoning out loud. I do not claim to be the ultimate truth. Rather, I want to offer the reader “food for thought.”

First of all, I want to point out the typical mistakes of Soviet historiographers. But besides them, we often have to deal with examples of forgery and falsification, alas. Precisely because we are talking about typical examples that can be found more than once, not twice, or even ten, I will not specify where exactly this or that mistake can be found. Every reader has encountered them.

1. Erich Hartmann flew only 800 combat missions.

Hartmann flew about 1,400 combat missions during the war. The number 800 is the number of air battles. By the way, it turns out that Hartmann ALONE made 2.5 times more sorties than the ENTIRE Normandie-Niemen SQUADRILE combined. This characterizes the intensity of the actions of German pilots on the Eastern Front. The book emphasizes more than once: 3-4 flights per day were the norm. And if Hartmann spent 6 times more air battles than Kozhedub, then why can’t he, accordingly, shoot down 6 times more planes? By the way, another Diamond holder, Hans-Ulrich Rudel, flew more than 2,500 combat missions during the war years.

2. The Germans recorded victories using a machine gun.

Confirmation was required from witnesses - pilots participating in the battle, or ground observers. In this book you will see how pilots waited a week or more for confirmation of their victories. What then should be done with the unfortunate carrier-based pilots? What kind of ground observers are there? They didn’t shoot down a single plane during the entire war.

3. The Germans recorded “hits,” not “victories.”

Here we are faced with another variant of unfair multiple translation. German - English - Russian. Even a conscientious translator can get confused here, and there is generally room for forgery. The expression “claim hit” has nothing in common with the expression “claim victory”. The first was used in bomber aviation, where it was rarely possible to say more definitely. Fighter pilots didn't use it. They only talked about victories or downed planes.

4. Hartmann has only 150 confirmed victories, the rest are known only from his words.

This, unfortunately, is an example of direct forgery, because the person had this book in his possession, but chose to read it in his own way and throw out everything that he did not like. Hartmann's first flight book has been preserved, in which the FIRST 150 victories are recorded. The second disappeared during his arrest. You never know that it was seen, and it was filled by the squadron headquarters, and not Hartmann. Well, she’s gone - that’s all! Like the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. This means that since December 13, 1943, Erich Hartmann has not shot down a single plane. Interesting conclusion, isn't it?

5. German aces simply could not shoot down so many planes in one flight.

They very much could. Read more carefully the description of Hartmann's attacks. First, a strike is made on a group of covering fighters, then on a group of bombers, and if you're lucky, then on a mop-up group. That is, in one run, 6-10 aircraft came into his sights one by one. And he didn’t shoot down everyone.

6. You can’t destroy our plane with a couple of shots.

Who said it was a couple? Here is a description of the escape from Crimea. The Germans transport technicians and mechanics in the fuselages of their fighters, but do not remove the wing containers with 30-mm cannons. How long can a fighter survive under fire from 3 guns? At the same time, this shows to what extent they despised our aircraft. After all, it is clear that with 2 containers under the wings the Me-109 flew a little better than a piece of wood.

7. The Germans took turns firing at one plane and each chalked it up to their own account.

Just no comments.

8. The Germans sent elite fighter units to the Eastern Front to gain air superiority.

Yes, the Germans did not have elite fighter units, except for the Galland JV-44 jet squadron created at the very end of the war. All other squadrons and groups were the most ordinary front-line formations. No “Aces of Diamonds” or other nonsense there. It’s just that many of the German units, in addition to numbers, also had a proper name. So all these “Richthofens”, “Greifs”, “Condors”, “Immelmanns”, even “Grun Hertz” are ordinary squadrons. Notice how many brilliant aces served in the mediocre, nameless JG-52.

You can, of course, dig further, but it’s too disgusting. I should not be accused of apologizing for fascism and praising the enemies of the Soviet Union. Hartmann's account also raises doubts for me, however, it seems to me that one should not try to deny that he was the best ace of World War II.

So, who is Erich Hartmann?

After reading this book, it becomes clear that a pilot like Hartmann, and indeed none of the German aces, in principle, could appear in the Soviet Air Force. The tactical methods of combat were so different, the views on their duties were so different, that any comparison would be incorrect from the very beginning. This, in my opinion, is where such a sharp rejection of their results arises, as a consequence of the unwillingness to UNDERSTAND AND UNDERSTAND. Well, in addition, everyone knows for sure that the Soviet elephant is the strongest in the world. Our historians can be partly understood. It is always difficult to part with myths; you have to rip them out of your memory with meat and blood.