Foreword

The reference book includes the material of the school course "Social Studies", which is checked at the unified state exam. The structure of the book corresponds to the Standard of secondary (complete) education in the subject, on the basis of which the examination tasks are compiled - control and measuring materials (KIM) of the USE.

The guide contains the following sections of the course: "Society", "Spiritual life of society", "Man", "Knowledge", "Politics", "Economics", "Social relations", "Law", which form the core of the content of public education, tested within the USE. This enhances the practical focus of the book.

The compact and visual form of presentation, a large number of diagrams and tables contribute to a better understanding and memorization of theoretical material.

In the process of preparing for the exam in social studies, it is very important not only to master the content of the course, but also to navigate the types of tasks on the basis of which the written work is built, which is a form of conducting the exam. Therefore, after each topic, options for tasks with answers and comments are presented. These tasks are designed to form ideas about the form of control and measuring materials in social science, the level of their complexity, the features of their implementation, and are aimed at developing the skills tested within the framework of the USE:

- to recognize the signs of concepts, the characteristic features of a social object, the elements of its description;

- compare social objects, identifying their common features and differences;

- correlate social science knowledge with social realities that reflect them;

- evaluate various judgments about social objects from the point of view of social sciences;

- analyze and classify social information presented in various sign systems (diagram, table, diagram);

- recognize concepts and their components: correlate species concepts with generic ones and exclude unnecessary ones;

- to establish correspondences between the essential features and signs of social phenomena and social science terms, concepts;

- apply knowledge about the characteristic features, signs of concepts and phenomena, social objects of a certain class, choosing the necessary positions from the proposed list;

– distinguish between facts and opinions, arguments and conclusions in social information;

- name terms and concepts, social phenomena that correspond to the proposed context, and apply social science terms and concepts in the proposed context;

- list the signs of a phenomenon, objects of the same class, etc.;

- to reveal by examples the most important theoretical provisions and concepts of the social sciences and humanities; give examples of certain social phenomena, actions, situations;

- apply social and humanitarian knowledge in the process of solving cognitive and practical problems that reflect the actual problems of human life and society;

- to carry out a comprehensive search, systematization and interpretation of social information on a specific topic from original non-adapted texts (philosophical, scientific, legal, political, journalistic);

– to formulate own judgments and arguments on certain issues on the basis of the acquired social and humanitarian knowledge.

This will allow to overcome a certain psychological barrier before the exam, associated with the ignorance of the majority of examinees how they should arrange the result of the completed task.

Section 1 Society

Topic 1. Society as a special part of the world. The systemic structure of society

The complexity of defining the concept of "society" is primarily due to its extreme generalization, and, in addition, to its enormous significance. This led to the existence of many definitions of this concept.

concept "society" in a broad sense of the word, it can be defined as a part of the material world that is isolated from nature, but closely connected with it, which includes: ways of human interaction; forms of association of people.

Society in the narrow sense of the word is:

– a circle of people united by a common goal, interests, origin(for example, a society of numismatists, a noble assembly);

– individual specific society, country, state, region(for example, modern Russian society, French society);

– historical stage in the development of mankind(eg feudal society, capitalist society);

– humanity as a whole.

Society is the product of the combined activities of many people. Human activity is a way of existence or existence of society. Society grows out of the life process itself, out of the ordinary and everyday activities of people. It is no coincidence that the Latin word socio means to unite, unite, start joint work. Society does not exist outside the direct and indirect interaction of people.

As a way of people's existence, society must fulfill a set of certain functions :

– production of material goods and services;

– distribution of products of labor (activity);

– regulation and management of activities and behavior;

- reproduction and socialization of a person;

- spiritual production and regulation of people's activity.

The essence of society lies not in the people themselves, but in the relationships they enter into with each other in the course of their life. Consequently, society is a set of social relations.

Society is characterized as dynamic self-developing system , i.e. such a system that is capable of seriously changing, at the same time retaining its essence and qualitative certainty.

Wherein system defined as complex of interacting elements. In its turn, element called some further indecomposable component of the system that is directly involved in its creation.

Basic principles of the system : the whole is not reducible to the sum of the parts; the whole gives rise to traits, properties that go beyond the boundaries of individual elements; the structure of the system is formed by the interconnection of its individual elements, subsystems; elements, in turn, can have a complex structure and act as systems; there is a relationship between the system and the environment.

Accordingly, society is complex self-developing open system , which includes individual individuals and social communities united by cooperative, coordinated ties and processes of self-regulation, self-structuring and self-reproduction.

For the analysis of complex systems, similar to society, the concept of "subsystem" has been developed. Subsystems called intermediate complexes, more complex than the elements, but less complex than the system itself.

Certain groups of social relations form subsystems. The main subsystems of society are considered to be the main spheres of public life. spheres of public life .

The basis for delimiting the spheres of public life are basic human needs.

The division into four spheres of public life is conditional. You can name other areas: science, artistic and creative activity, racial, ethnic, national relations. However, these four areas are traditionally singled out as the most common and significant.

Society as a complex, self-developing system is characterized by the following specific features :

1. It is big variety of different social structures and subsystems. This is not a mechanical sum of individuals, but an integral system that has a super-complex and hierarchical character: various kinds of subsystems are connected by subordinate relationships.

2. Society is not reducible to the people who make it up, it is a system of extra- and supra-individual forms, connections and relationships which a person creates by his active activity together with other people. These "invisible" social connections and relations are given to people in their language, various actions, programs of activity, communication, etc., without which people cannot exist together. Society is integrated in its essence and should be considered as a whole, in the aggregate of its individual components.

3. Society is inherent self-sufficiency, that is, the ability to create and reproduce the necessary conditions for one's own existence through active joint activity. Society is characterized in this case as an integral single organism in which various social groups are closely intertwined, a wide variety of activities that provide the vital conditions for existence.

4. Society is exceptional dynamism, incompleteness and alternative development. The main actor in the choice of development options is a person.

5. Society highlights special status of subjects that determine its development. Man is a universal component of social systems included in each of them. Behind the confrontation of ideas in society, there is always a clash of corresponding needs, interests, goals, the impact of such social factors as public opinion, official ideology, political attitudes and traditions. Inevitable for social development is a sharp competition of interests and aspirations, in connection with which, a clash of alternative ideas often occurs in society, a sharp debate and struggle is carried out.

6. Society is inherent unpredictability, non-linearity of development. The presence in society of a large number of subsystems, the constant clash of interests and goals of various people creates the prerequisites for the implementation of various options and models for the future development of society. However, this does not mean that the development of society is absolutely arbitrary and uncontrollable. On the contrary, scientists create models of social forecasting: options for the development of a social system in its most diverse areas, computer models of the world, etc.

Job Sample

A1. Choose the correct answer. Which of the signs characterizes society as a system?

1. continuous development

2. part of the material world

3. isolation from nature

4. ways people interact

Answer: 4.

Topic 2. Society and nature

Nature (from gr. physis and lat. natura - to arise, to be born) - one of the most general categories of science and philosophy, originating in the ancient worldview.

The concept of "nature" is used to denote not only the natural, but also the material conditions of its existence created by man - the "second nature", to some extent transformed and formed by man.

Society as a part of nature isolated in the process of human life is inextricably linked with it.

The separation of man from the natural world marked the birth of a qualitatively new material unity, since man has not only natural properties, but also social ones.

Society has come into conflict with nature in two respects: 1) as a social reality, it is nothing but nature itself; 2) it purposefully influences nature with the help of tools, changing it.

At first, the contradiction between society and nature acted as their difference, since man still had primitive tools of labor, with the help of which he obtained his livelihood. However, in those distant times, there was no longer a complete dependence of man on nature. As the tools of labor improved, society exerted an increasing influence on nature. A person cannot do without nature also because the technical means that make life easier for him are created by analogy with natural processes.

As soon as it was born, society began to have a very significant impact on nature, improving it somewhere, and worsening it somewhere. But nature, in turn, began to “worsen” the characteristics of society, for example, by reducing the quality of health of large masses of people, etc. Society, as a separate part of nature, and nature itself exert a significant influence on each other. At the same time, they retain specific features that allow them to coexist as a dual phenomenon of earthly reality. This close relationship between nature and society is the basis of the unity of the world.

Job Sample

C6. Explain the relationship between nature and society using two examples.

Answer: As examples that reveal the relationship between nature and society, the following can be given: Man is not only a social, but also a biological being, and therefore, is a part of living nature. Society draws the necessary material and energy resources for its development from the natural environment. Degradation of the natural environment (air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, etc.) leads to a deterioration in people's health, to a decrease in their quality of life, etc.

Topic 3. Society and culture

The entire life of society is based on the expedient and diverse activities of people, the product of which is material wealth and cultural values, that is, culture. Therefore, certain types of societies are often called cultures. However, the concepts of "society" and "culture" are not synonymous.

The system of relationships is largely formed objectively, under the influence of the laws of social development. Therefore, they are not a direct product of culture, despite the fact that the conscious activity of people affects the nature and form of these relations in the most significant way.

Job Sample

B5. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.

(1) In the history of social thought, there have been various, often opposing views on culture. (2) Some philosophers called culture a means of enslaving people. (3) A different point of view was held by those scientists who considered culture a means of ennobling a person, turning him into a civilized member of society. (4) This indicates the breadth, multidimensionality of the content of the concept of "culture".

Determine what provisions of the text are:

A) actual character

B) the nature of value judgments

Write under the position number the letter that indicates its nature. Transfer the resulting sequence of letters to the answer sheet.

Answer: ABBA.

Topic 4. The relationship of economic, social, political and spiritual spheres of society

A certain independence is inherent in each sphere of the life of society, they function and develop according to the laws of the whole, i.e. society. At the same time, all four main spheres not only interact, but also mutually determine each other. For example, the influence of the political sphere on culture is manifested in the fact that, firstly, each state pursues a certain policy in the field of culture, and secondly, cultural figures reflect certain political views and positions in their work.

The boundaries between all four spheres of society are easy to move, transparent. Each sphere is present one way or another in all the others, but at the same time it does not dissolve, does not lose its leading function. The question of the relationship between the main spheres of public life and the allocation of one priority is debatable. There are supporters of the defining role of the economic sphere. They proceed from the fact that material production, which is the core of economic relations, satisfies the most urgent, primary human needs, without which any other activity is impossible. There is a selection as a priority spiritual sphere of society. Proponents of this approach give the following argument: a person's thoughts, ideas, ideas are ahead of his practical actions. Major social changes are always preceded by changes in people's minds, a transition to other spiritual values. The most compromise of the above approaches is the approach, the adherents of which argue that each of the four spheres of social life can become decisive in different periods of historical development.

Job Sample

B3. Establish a correspondence between the main areas of society and their institutions (organizations): for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table, and then transfer the resulting sequence of numbers to the answer sheet (without spaces or any symbols).

Answer: 21221.

Topic 5. Social institutions

social institution is a historically established, stable form of organizing the joint activities of people who perform certain functions in society, the main of which is the satisfaction of social needs.

Every social institution is characterized by the presence activity goals and specific functions that ensure its achievement.

In modern society, there are dozens of social institutions, among which the key ones can be distinguished: inheritance, power, property, family.

Within the fundamental social institutions there are very distinct divisions into small institutions. For example, economic institutions, along with the basic institution of property, include many stable systems of relations - financial, production, marketing, organizational and managerial institutions. In the system of political institutions of modern society, along with the key institution of power, there are institutions of political representation, presidency, separation of powers, local self-government, parliamentarism, etc.

Social institutions:

They organize human activity into a certain system of roles and statuses, setting patterns of people's behavior in various spheres of public life. For example, such a social institution as a school includes the roles of a teacher and a student, and a family includes the roles of parents and children. There are certain role relations between them, which are regulated by specific norms and regulations. Some of the most important norms are enshrined in law, others are supported by traditions, customs, public opinion;

They include a system of sanctions - from legal to moral and ethical;

streamline, coordinate many individual actions of people, give them an organized and predictable character;

Provide standard behavior of people in socially typical situations.

Functions of social institutions: explicit (officially declared, recognized and controlled by society); hidden (performed covertly or unintentionally).

When the discrepancy between these functions is large, a double standard of social relations arises, which threatens the stability of society. Even more dangerous is the situation when, along with official institutions, so-called shadow institutions which assume the function of regulating the most important social relations (for example, criminal structures).

Social institutions define society as a whole. Any social transformations are carried out through changes in social institutions.

Each social institution is characterized by the presence of an activity goal and specific functions that ensure its achievement.

Job Sample

C5. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "institutions of society"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the institutions of society.

Answer: The institution of society is a historically established, stable form of organizing the joint activities of people who perform certain functions in society, the main of which is the satisfaction of social needs. Sample sentences: Allocate economic, political, social institutions, institutions operating in the spiritual field. Each institution of society is characterized by the presence of a goal of activity and specific functions. The institutions of society are a complex and branched formation: within the fundamental institutions there are very distinct divisions into smaller ones. From the point of view of the organization of society, the key institutions are: inheritance, power, property, family, etc.

Topic 6. Multivariance of social development. Typology of societies

Social development can be reformist or revolutionary in nature.

Reforms can take place in all spheres of public life:

- economic reforms - transformations of the economic mechanism: forms, methods, levers and organization of the country's economic management (privatization, bankruptcy law, antimonopoly laws, etc.);

- social reforms - transformations, changes, reorganization of any aspects of public life that do not destroy the foundations of the social system (these reforms are directly related to people);

- political reforms - changes in the political sphere of public life (changes in the constitution, electoral system, expansion of civil rights, etc.).

The degree of reformist transformations can be very significant, up to changes in the social system or the type of economic system: the reforms of Peter I, the reforms in Russia in the early 90s. 20th century

In modern conditions, two ways of social development - reform and revolution - are opposed to the practice of permanent reform in a self-regulating society. It should be recognized that both reform and revolution “cure” an already neglected disease, while constant and possibly early prevention is necessary. Therefore, in modern social science, the emphasis is shifted from the dilemma "reform - revolution" to "reform - innovation". Under innovation (from English innovation - innovation, innovation, innovation) is understood an ordinary, one-time improvement associated with an increase in the adaptive capabilities of a social organism in given conditions.

In modern sociology, social development is associated with the process of modernization.

Modernization (from French moderniser - modern) - it is a process of transition from a traditional, agrarian society to a modern, industrial society. Classical theories of modernization described the so-called "primary" modernization, which historically coincided with the development of Western capitalism. Later theories of modernization characterize it through the concepts of "secondary" or "catch-up" modernization. It is carried out in the conditions of the existence of a “model”, for example, in the form of a Western European liberal model, often such modernization is understood as westernization, that is, the process of direct borrowing or planting. In essence, this modernization is a worldwide process of displacement of local, local types of cultures and social organization by "universal" (Western) forms of modernity.

It is possible to identify several classifications (typologies) societies:

1) pre-written and written;

2) simple And complex(the criterion in this typology is the number of levels of management of a society, as well as the degree of its differentiation: in simple societies there are no leaders and subordinates, rich and poor, in complex societies there are several levels of management and several social strata of the population, arranged from top to bottom in descending order income);

3) primitive society, slave-owning society, feudal society, capitalist society, communist society (a formational sign acts as a criterion in this typology);

4) developed, developing, backward (the criterion in this typology is the level of development);

Formational and civilizational approaches to the study of society

The most common approaches to the analysis of social development in Russian historical and philosophical science are formational and civilizational.

The first of them belongs to the Marxist school of social science, the founders of which were the German economists, sociologists and philosophers K. Marx (1818–1883) and F. Engels (1820–1895).

The key concept of this school of social science is the category of "socio-economic formation".

Despite the relative independence, the type of superstructure is determined by the nature of the basis. It also represents the basis of the formation, determining the belonging of a particular society.

The productive forces are a dynamic, constantly developing element of the mode of production, while the relations of production are static and inert, not changing for centuries. At a certain stage, a conflict arises between the productive forces and production relations, which is resolved in the course of the social revolution, the destruction of the old basis and the transition to a new stage of social development, to a new socio-economic formation. The old relations of production are being replaced by new ones, which open up scope for the development of the productive forces. Thus, Marxism understands social development as a natural, objectively determined, natural-historical change of socio-historical formations:

The key concept of the civilizational approach to the analysis of social development is the concept of "civilization", which has many interpretations.

The term "civilization" (from Latin civis - citizen) in the world historical and philosophical literature is used:

- as a certain stage in the development of local cultures (for example, O. Spengler);

- as a stage of historical development (for example, L. Morgan, F. Engels, O. Toffler);

- as a synonym for culture (for example, A. Toynbee);

- as a level (stage) of development of a particular region or a separate ethnic group.

Any civilization is characterized not so much by a production basis as by a specific one for it. way of life, value system, vision and ways of interconnection with the outside world.

There are two approaches in the modern theory of civilization.

Various researchers distinguish many local civilizations (for example, the English historian, sociologist, diplomat, public figure A. Toynbee (1889–1975) counted 21 civilizations in the history of mankind), which can coincide with the borders of states (Chinese civilization) or cover several countries (ancient , western). Usually, the whole variety of local civilizations is divided into two large groups - western and eastern.

Thus, the formation focuses on the universal, general, repetitive, and civilization - on the local-regional, unique, original.

Comparative analysis allows us to conclude that the approaches existing in science should not be considered as mutually exclusive. They must be treated from the point of view of the principle of complementarity, taking into account the noted advantages of each of the approaches.

Job Sample

B1. Write down the missing word in the diagram.

Answer: Revolution.

4th ed., revised. and additional - M.: 2018. - 544 p.

The reference book, addressed to high school graduates and applicants, contains in full the material of the "Social Science" course, which will be tested at the unified state exam. The structure of the book corresponds to the modern codifier of the content elements in the subject, on the basis of which the examination tasks are compiled - the control and measuring materials of the Unified State Examination (KIM). The handbook contains blocks-modules "Man and Society", "Economics", "Social Relations", "Politics", "Law", which form the basis of the school course "Social Science". Brief and illustrative - in the form of diagrams and tables - the form of presentation provides maximum efficiency in preparing for the exam. Sample tasks and answers to them, completing each topic, will help to objectively assess the level of knowledge, skills and abilities.

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CONTENT
Preface 6
BLOCK MODULE 1. INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY
Topic 1.1. Natural and social in man. (Man as a result of biological and socio-cultural evolution) 12
Topic 1.2. Worldview, its types and forms 17
Topic 1.3. Types of knowledge 20
Topic 1.4. The concept of truth, its criteria 26
Topic 1.5. Thinking and activity 30
Topic 1.6. Needs and Interests 41
Topic 1.7. Freedom and necessity in human activity. Freedom and responsibility 45
Topic 1.8. System structure of society: elements and subsystems 50
Topic 1.9. The main institutions of society 55
Topic 1.10. The concept of culture. Forms and varieties of culture 58
Topic 1.11. The science. The main features of scientific thinking. Natural and social sciences 65
Topic 1.12. Education, its importance for the individual and society 78
Topic 1.13. Religion 81
Topic 1.14. Art 89
Topic 1.15. Moral 95
Topic 1.16. The concept of social progress 101
Topic 1.17. Multivariance of social development (types of societies) 106
Topic 1.18. Threats of the 21st century (global problems) 109
BLOCK MODULE 2. ECONOMY
Topic 2.1. Economics and economic science 116
Topic 2.2. Factors of production and factor income 122
Topic 2.3. Economic systems 126
Topic 2.4. Market and market mechanism. Supply and demand 134
Topic 2.5. Fixed and variable costs 145
Topic 2.6. financial institutions. Banking system 147
Topic 2.7. Main sources of business financing 154
Topic 2.8. Securities 160
Topic 2.9. Labor market. Unemployment 163
Topic 2.10. Types, causes and consequences of inflation 173
Topic 2.11. Economic growth and development. Concept of GDP 177
Topic 2.12. The role of the state in the economy 184
Topic 2.13. Taxes 191
Topic 2.14. State budget 195
Topic 2.15. World economy 202
Topic 2.16. Rational economic behavior of the owner, employee, consumer, family man, citizen 210
BLOCK MODULE 3. SOCIAL RELATIONS
Topic 3.1. Social stratification and mobility 216
Topic 3.2. Social groups 227
Topic 3.3. Youth as a social group 232
Topic 3.4. Ethnic communities 235
Topic 3.5. Interethnic relations, ethno-social conflicts, ways to resolve them 240
Topic 3.6. Constitutional principles (foundations) of national policy in the Russian Federation 249
Topic 3.7. Social conflict 252
Topic 3.8. Types of social norms 260
Topic 3.9. Social control 264
Topic 3.10. Family and marriage 267
Topic 3.11. Deviant behavior and its types 272
Topic 3.12. Social role 276
Topic 3.13. Socialization of the individual 280
BLOCK MODULE 4. POLICY
Topic 4.1. The concept of power 283
Topic 4.2. State, its functions 291
Topic 4.3. Political system 304
Topic 4.4. Typology of political regimes 307
Topic 4.5. Democracy, its core values ​​and features 310
Topic 4.6. Civil society and the state 314
Topic 4.7. Political elite 323
Topic 4.8. Political parties and movements 327
Topic 4.9. Mass media in the political system 336
Topic 4.10. Election campaign in Russia 342
Topic 4.11. Political process 351
Topic 4.12. Political participation 355
Topic 4.13. Political Leadership 360
Topic 4.14. State authorities of the Russian Federation 364
Topic 4.15. Federal structure of Russia 374
BLOCK MODULE 5. RIGHT
Topic 5.1. Law in the system of social norms 381
Topic 5.2. The system of Russian law. Legislative process in the Russian Federation 395
Topic 5.3. The concept and types of legal liability 401
Topic 5.4. Constitution of the Russian Federation. Fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation 409
Topic 5.5. Legislation of the Russian Federation on elections 417
Topic 5.6. Subjects of civil law 421
Topic 5.7. Organizational and legal forms and legal regime of entrepreneurial activity 428
Topic 5.8. Property and non-property rights 433
Topic 5.9. The procedure for hiring. The procedure for concluding and terminating an employment contract 440
Topic 5.10. Legal regulation of relations between spouses. The procedure and conditions for the conclusion and dissolution of marriage 448
Topic 5.11. Features of administrative jurisdiction 453
Topic 5.12. The right to a favorable environment and ways to protect it 460
Topic 5.13. International law (international protection of human rights in times of peace and war) 468
Topic 5.14. Disputes, the procedure for their consideration 473
Topic 5.15. Basic rules and principles of civil procedure 476
Topic 5.16. Features of the criminal process 484
Topic 5.17. Citizenship of the Russian Federation 495
Topic 5.18. Conscription, alternative civilian service 501
Topic 5.19. Rights and obligations of the taxpayer 509
Topic 5.20. Law enforcement agencies. Judiciary 513
Training version of the examination paper in social science 523
Assessment system for examination work in social studies 536
Literature 540

The reference book includes the material of the school course "Social Studies", which is checked at the unified state exam (USE). The structure of the book corresponds to the Federal State Standard of Secondary (Complete) Education in the subject, on the basis of which the examination tasks were developed - control measuring materials (CMM) that make up the examination work in social science.
The guide contains the following content blocks-modules: "Man and Society", "Economy", "Social Relations", "Politics", "Law", which form the core of the content of school social science education and correspond to the codifier of content elements in social science, tested within the framework of USE.

Images of textbook covers are shown on the pages of this site solely as illustrative material (Article 1274, paragraph 1 of the fourth part of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation)

• Social science grade 5. Thematic control Lobanov national education
• Social science grade 6. Thematic control Lobanov national education
• Control and measuring materials (KIM) in social science Grade 5. GEF Volkova Wako
• Control and measuring materials (KIM) in social science Grade 6. GEF Pozdeev Wako
• Control and measuring materials (KIM) in social science Grade 7. GEF Volkova Wako
• Control and measuring materials (KIM) in social science Grade 8. GEF Pozdeev Wako
• Control and measuring materials (KIM) in social science Grade 9. GEF Pozdeev Wako

Workbooks

• Soboleva, Trukhina Ventana-Count
• Workbook on social studies Grade 5 Bolotina, Mishina Bustard
• Workbook on social studies Grade 5. GEF Ivanova, Khoteenkova Education
• Workbook on social studies Grade 5. GEF Russian word
• Soboleva Ventana-Count
• Workbook on social studies Grade 6. GEF Fedorova, Nikitina Bustard
• Workbook on social studies Grade 6. GEF Ivanova, Khoteenkova Education
• Workbook on social studies Grade 6. GEF Khromov. To the textbook Kravchenko, Pevtsova Russian word
• Solovieva, Turchina Balass
• Workbook on social science Grade 7. GEF Soboleva Ventana-Count
• Workbook on social studies Grade 7 Fedorova, Nikitin Bustard
• Workbook on social science Grade 7. GEF
• Workbook on social science Grade 7. GEF Khromova, Kravchenko, Pevtsova Russian word
• Workbook on social science Grade 7. GEF Mitkin Exam
• Soboleva, Vorontsov Ventana-Count
• Workbook on social studies Grade 8 Fedorova, Nikitin Bustard
• Kotova, Liskova Enlightenment
• Workbook on social studies Grade 8. GEF Khromov. To the textbook Kravchenko Russian word

• Popular with graduates and not only social studies

  • Social science is the discipline that is massively chosen at final final tests. The point here is not only the increased interest that many schoolchildren show in its sections and topics. But also in the high demand for science as a basis for a future profession, type of activity. Traditionally, social science is studied and taken at entrance exams to legal, historical, pedagogical, military and other educational institutions.
  • Competently prepare and pass exams well, get deep and complete knowledge of social science for schoolchildren will help high-quality teaching materials and solution books for them. To achieve all the tasks and goals set, not only basic theoretical collections are needed, but also workshops that allow you to work out all the topics and sections of the course from the fifth to the eleventh grade with high quality and in great detail.
  • Starting work on GDZ, it is important to focus on the principles:
    - its consistency, that is, the use of a pre-compiled effective plan as the basis for the preparatory work, taking into account the basic level of knowledge of the student, his goals and responsibilities. Among the basic goals, in addition to preparing for the OGE / USE, is participation in subject Olympiads and competitions held at school and extracurricular sites;
    - regularly conducted control, which allows to quickly adjust plans, identify and eliminate shortcomings, evaluate the dynamics of the process and results;
    - self-training, self-selection, search for information, its evaluation and application, extensions and additions, changes in their own set of educational literature as necessary.
  • Among the most useful and interesting workshops in social science are the following collections:
    - workbooks on discipline;
    - KIMs on the subject;
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    The most popular are the practical aids of the authors - Ivanova, Khoteenkova, Khromova, Fedorova and Nikitina, Mitkin, Sobolev and Vorontsov, as well as a number of others.
    Some workshops are universal and freely combined with various theoretical and practical collections of any authors. Others are bundled with a particular textbook of one or another author (group of authors) in social science.