VALUE, magnitude, pl. magnitudes, magnitudes (·bookish), and (·explosion) magnitudes, magnitudes, ·women. 1. only units The size, volume, extent of a thing. The table is large enough. The room is of enormous size. 2. Everything that can be measured and calculated (math. physics). Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Value
Value noun, well., use comp. often
Morphology: (no) what? quantities, what? size, (see) what? value, how? size, about what? about the size;
pl.
what? values, (no) what? quantities, what? values, (see) what? values, how? values, about what? about quantities
1.
Value any monetary amount is called the number of monetary units that make it up. The subsistence minimum, social benefits. | Average teacher salary. | The amount of the authorized capital.
2. Value of any object is called its size in terms of volume, area occupied, length, etc.
Building size. | The amount of battery capacity.
3. Speaking about the subject of a certain quantities, you give a description of its size.
The sea is huge. | Giant bear. | Nail of medium size.
4. When you say something with or in some object, you want to say that the first object is the same size as another object that is more familiar to your interlocutor or more stable in size.
They found some round object the size of a tennis ball. | He could easily eat a sandwich the size of a brick.
5. When some monument, portrait, layout, etc. is made real size, which means that it corresponds to the dimensions of real objects.
The monument to Chizhik-Pyzhik in St. Petersburg is made in life-size bird size. | Can you sculpt a life size elephant?
6. If you talk about someone, that he first magnitude star, you want to say that he is at the highest level of professionalism, public recognition, interest.
Fourteen people gathered, all of them stars of the first magnitude.
7. In mathematics magnitude name any numerical indicator with which calculations can be made.
Constant, variable, static value.
8. unknown quantity a mathematical variable is called, the value of which is not known in advance and must be calculated. The same expression is used when talking about some obscure life situations or mysterious people.
9. When a person is called magnitude in any field of activity, they mean that he has achieved great success in it.
In the fashion world, this designer is a well-known figure.
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Dmitriev. D.V. Dmitriev. 2003 .
Synonyms:
See what "value" is in other dictionaries:
VALUE, quantities, pl. magnitudes, magnitudes (book), and (colloquial) magnitudes, magnitudes, wives. 1. only units The size, volume, extent of a thing. The table is large enough. The room is of enormous size. 2. Everything that can be measured and calculated (math. physics). ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
Size, format, caliber, dose, height, volume, extension. Wed… Synonym dictionary
s; pl. ranks; well. 1. only units The size (volume, area, length, etc.) of what l. an object, an object that has visible physical boundaries. B. building. V. stadium. The size of a pin. Palm size. Larger hole. AT… … encyclopedic Dictionary
magnitude- VALUE1, s, f Razg. About a person who stands out among others, outstanding in what l. areas of activity. N. Kolyada is a large figure in modern drama. VALUE2, s, pl values, g The size (volume, length, area) of an object that ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns
Modern Encyclopedia
VALUE, s, pl. other, in, female 1. Size, volume, length of the object. Large area. Measure the size of something. 2. What can be measured, calculated. Equal sizes. 3. About a person who was outstanding in what n. areas of activity. This… … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
magnitude- SIZE, size, dimensions... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms of Russian speech
Value- VALUE, generalization of specific concepts: length, area, weight, etc. The choice of one of the quantities of this kind (unit of measurement) allows you to compare (compare) quantities. The development of the concept of quantity has led to scalar quantities, characterized by ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
In mathematics 1) a generalization of specific concepts: length, area, weight, etc. By choosing one of the quantities of a given kind for a unit of measurement, one can express the ratio of any other quantity of the same kind to a unit of measurement by a number. 2) In a more general sense ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Value, s; pl. values, in ... Russian word stress
Physical quantity called the physical property of a material object, process, physical phenomenon, characterized quantitatively.
The value of a physical quantity expressed by one or more numbers characterizing this physical quantity, indicating the unit of measurement.
The size of a physical quantity are the values of the numbers appearing in the meaning of the physical quantity.
Units of measurement of physical quantities.
The unit of measurement of a physical quantity is a fixed size value that is assigned a numeric value equal to one. It is used for the quantitative expression of physical quantities homogeneous with it. A system of units of physical quantities is a set of basic and derived units based on a certain system of quantities.
Only a few systems of units have become widespread. In most cases, many countries use the metric system.
Basic units.
Measure physical quantity - means to compare it with another similar physical quantity, taken as a unit.
The length of an object is compared with a unit of length, body weight - with a unit of weight, etc. But if one researcher measures the length in sazhens, and another in feet, it will be difficult for them to compare these two values. Therefore, all physical quantities around the world are usually measured in the same units. In 1963, the International System of Units SI (System international - SI) was adopted.
For each physical quantity in the system of units, an appropriate unit of measurement must be provided. Standard units is its physical realization.
The length standard is meter- the distance between two strokes applied on a specially shaped rod made of an alloy of platinum and iridium.
Standard time is the duration of any correctly repeating process, which is chosen as the movement of the Earth around the Sun: the Earth makes one revolution per year. But the unit of time is not a year, but give me a sec.
For a unit speed take the speed of such uniform rectilinear motion, at which the body makes a movement of 1 m in 1 s.
A separate unit of measurement is used for area, volume, length, etc. Each unit is determined when choosing one or another standard. But the system of units is much more convenient if only a few units are chosen as the main ones, and the rest are determined through the main ones. For example, if the unit of length is a meter, then the unit of area is a square meter, volume is a cubic meter, speed is a meter per second, and so on.
Basic units The physical quantities in the International System of Units (SI) are: meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s), ampere (A), kelvin (K), candela (cd) and mole (mol).
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Basic SI units |
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Value |
Unit |
Designation |
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Name |
Russian |
international |
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The strength of the electric current |
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Thermodynamic temperature |
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The power of light |
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Amount of substance |
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There are also derived SI units, which have their own names:
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SI derived units with their own names |
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Unit |
Derived unit expression |
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Value |
Name |
Designation |
Via other SI units |
Through basic and additional SI units |
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Pressure |
m -1 ChkgChs -2 |
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Energy, work, amount of heat |
m 2 ChkgChs -2 |
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Power, energy flow |
m 2 ChkgChs -3 |
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Quantity of electricity, electric charge |
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Electrical voltage, electrical potential |
m 2 ChkgChs -3 CHA -1 |
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Electrical capacitance |
m -2 Chkg -1 Hs 4 CHA 2 |
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Electrical resistance |
m 2 ChkgChs -3 CHA -2 |
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electrical conductivity |
m -2 Chkg -1 Hs 3 CHA 2 |
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Flux of magnetic induction |
m 2 ChkgChs -2 CHA -1 |
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Magnetic induction |
kghs -2 CHA -1 |
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Inductance |
m 2 ChkgChs -2 CHA -2 |
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Light flow |
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illumination |
m 2 ChkdChsr |
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Radioactive source activity |
becquerel |
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Absorbed radiation dose |
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Andmeasurements. To obtain an accurate, objective and easily reproducible description of a physical quantity, measurements are used. Without measurements, a physical quantity cannot be quantified. Definitions such as "low" or "high" pressure, "low" or "high" temperature reflect only subjective opinions and do not contain comparison with reference values. When measuring a physical quantity, it is assigned a certain numerical value.
Measurements are made using measuring instruments. There is a fairly large number of measuring instruments and fixtures, from the simplest to the most complex. For example, length is measured with a ruler or tape measure, temperature with a thermometer, width with calipers.
Measuring instruments are classified: according to the method of presenting information (indicating or recording), according to the method of measurement (direct action and comparison), according to the form of presentation of indications (analog and digital), etc.
The measuring instruments are characterized by the following parameters:
Measuring range- the range of values of the measured quantity, on which the device is designed during its normal operation (with a given measurement accuracy).
Sensitivity threshold- the minimum (threshold) value of the measured value, distinguished by the device.
Sensitivity- relates the value of the measured parameter and the corresponding change in instrument readings.
Accuracy- the ability of the device to indicate the true value of the measured indicator.
Stability- the ability of the device to maintain a given measurement accuracy for a certain time after calibration.
Length, area, mass, time, volume - quantities. The initial acquaintance with them takes place in elementary school, where the value, along with the number, is the leading concept.
A quantity is a special property of real objects or phenomena, and the peculiarity lies in the fact that this property can be measured, that is, the quantity of a quantity can be called. Quantities that express the same property of objects are called quantities. of the same kind or homogeneous quantities. For example, the length of the table and the length of the rooms are homogeneous values. Quantities - length, area, mass and others have a number of properties.
1) Any two quantities of the same kind are comparable: they are either equal, or one is less (greater) than the other. That is, for quantities of the same kind, the relations “equal to”, “less than”, “greater than” take place, and for any quantities and only one of the relations is true: For example, we say that the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is greater than any leg of a given triangle; the mass of a lemon is less than the mass of a watermelon; the lengths of opposite sides of the rectangle are equal.
2) Values of the same kind can be added, as a result of addition, a value of the same kind will be obtained. Those. for any two quantities a and b, the value a + b is uniquely determined, it is called sum values a and b. For example, if a is the length of segment AB, b is the length of segment BC (Fig. 1), then the length of segment AC is the sum of the lengths of segments AB and BC;
3) Value multiply by real number, resulting in a value of the same kind. Then for any value a and any non-negative number x there is a unique value b = x a, the value b is called work the quantity a by the number x. For example, if a is the length of the segment AB multiplied by
x= 2, then we get the length of the new segment AC. (Fig. 2)
4) Values of the same kind are subtracted by determining the difference of values through the sum: the difference between the values of a and b is such a value c that a=b+c. For example, if a is the length of segment AC, b is the length of segment AB, then the length of segment BC is the difference between the lengths of segments AC and AB.
5) Values of the same kind are divided, defining the quotient through the product of the value by the number; private quantities a and b is a non-negative real number x such that a = x b. More often this number is called the ratio of the values \u200b\u200bof a and b and is written in this form: a / b = x. For example, the ratio of the length of segment AC to the length of segment AB is 2. (Fig. No. 2).
6) The relation "less than" for homogeneous quantities is transitive: if A<В и В<С, то А<С. Так, если площадь треугольника F1 меньше площади треугольника F2 площадь треугольника F2 меньше площади треугольника F3, то площадь треугольника F1 меньше площади треугольника F3.Величины, как свойства объектов, обладают ещё одной особенностью – их можно оценивать количественно. Для этого величину нужно измерить. Измерение – заключается в сравнении данной величины с некоторой величиной того же рода, принятой за единицу. В результате измерения получают число, которое называют численным значением при выбранной единице.
The comparison process depends on the kind of quantities under consideration: it is one for lengths, another for areas, a third for masses, and so on. But whatever this process may be, as a result of measurement, the quantity receives a certain numerical value with the chosen unit.
In general, if the value a is given and the unit of the value e is chosen, then as a result of measuring the value a, such a real number x is found that a = x e. This number x is called the numerical value of the quantity a at the unit e. This can be written as follows: x \u003d m (a) .
According to the definition, any quantity can be represented as a product of a certain number and a unit of this quantity. For example, 7 kg = 7∙1 kg, 12 cm =12∙1 cm, 15h =15∙1 h. Using this, as well as the definition of multiplying a quantity by a number, one can justify the process of transition from one unit of quantity to another. Let, for example, you want to express 5/12h in minutes. Since, 5/12h = 5/12 60min = (5/12 ∙ 60)min = 25min.
Quantities that are completely determined by one numerical value are called scalar quantities. Such, for example, are length, area, volume, mass and others. In addition to scalar quantities, mathematics also considers vector quantities. To determine a vector quantity, it is necessary to specify not only its numerical value, but also its direction. Vector quantities are force, acceleration, electric field strength and others.
In elementary school, only scalar quantities are considered, and those whose numerical values are positive, that is, positive scalar quantities.
Measuring quantities allows us to reduce their comparison to a comparison of numbers, operations on quantities to the corresponding operations on numbers.
1/. If the quantities a and b are measured using the unit e, then the relationship between the quantities a and b will be the same as the relationship between their numerical values, and vice versa.
A=bm(a)=m(b),
A>bm(a)>m(b),
A
For example, if the masses of two bodies are such that a=5 kg, b=3 kg, then it can be argued that the mass a is greater than the mass b because 5>3.
2/ If the quantities a and b are measured using the unit e, then to find the numerical value of the sum a + b, it is enough to add
numerical values of a and b. a + b \u003d c m (a + b) \u003d m (a) + m (b). For example, if a \u003d 15 kg, b \u003d 12 kg, then a + b \u003d 15 kg + 12 kg \u003d (15 + 12) kg \u003d 27 kg
3/ If the values a and b are such that b= x a, where x is a positive real number, and the value a is measured using the unit e, then to find the numerical value of the value b at unit e, it is enough to multiply the number x by the number m (a): b \u003d x a m (b) \u003d x m (a).
For example, if the mass a is 3 times the mass b, i.e. b = Za and a = 2 kg, then b = Za = 3 ∙ (2 kg) = (3 ∙ 2) kg = 6 kg.
The considered concepts - an object, an object, a phenomenon, a process, its magnitude, the numerical value of a magnitude, a unit of magnitude - must be able to isolate in texts and tasks.
For example, the mathematical content of the sentence “We bought 3 kilograms of apples” can be described as follows: the sentence considers such an object as apples, and its property is mass; to measure mass, the unit of mass was used - kilogram; as a result of the measurement, the number 3 was obtained - the numerical value of the mass of apples with a unit of mass - kilogram.
Consider the definitions of some quantities and their measurements.
