Predator birds
Scavengers, or
vultures
Birds,
feeding
live prey
Daytime
predator birds
Night
predator birds
bird size
(the largest are
black vulture - above
7kg, the smallest –
cob – 150 – 200g) Most diurnal birds of prey are classified as
to the order Falconiformes:
Falcons
Accipitridae
Skopinye
Secretaries
Falcon family
Birds of this family are recognized bytooth on the beak, which
corresponds to the notch on the mandible. This
an ancient and persistent trait that has
important functional significance: with
with the help of a tine the falcon quickly kills
victim by tearing off her head. The peregrine falcon is found in all parts of the globe, but is rare everywhere.
Always lives near large open spaces, as the method of hunting
requires space. This is one of the fastest and fastest flyers.
Hunts for birds, which it kills on the fly, and less often takes prey from the ground. Before
As soon as it attacks, the peregrine falcon soars upward, then, folding its wings, rushes
down, developing speeds of up to 75 km per hour.
Swooping down on prey - ducks, pigeons, partridges, waders, crows, blackbirds,
starlings - he hits them with the claws of his hind fingers, sharp and crooked, like a Turkish
scimitar. Sometimes the speed that a peregrine falcon develops in flight can reach 300
km per hour. The saker falcon nests in the island forests, occupying the nests of crows,
herons. Capable of hitting a bird in flight and grabbing prey (gophers, voles) with
land.
Repair nests with dry branches and shoots of bushes, tray
lined with animal hair, pieces of dry skin of tarbagan, gopher.
The male feeds the female during the incubation period. Chicks are fed
small birds, gophers, voles, pikas. In a month and a half
the chicks begin to fly. During the hunt, the kestrel hangs in the air, often fluttering its wings, and looks out for
prey. Having noticed a mouse or large insect, it quickly falls down. Per day
An adult kestrel eats about a dozen rodents.
The visual acuity of the common kestrel is 2.6 times higher than that of humans. A man with such
eyesight could read the entire vision test table from a distance of 90 meters.
Family Accipitridae
Goshawks strictly adhere to their territory, andnesting pair before and during nest construction and clearly
demonstrates aerial pirouettes. If anyone invades their territory,
the couple will desperately protect her. Individual territory for males, like
usually higher than in females.
Like other hawks, goshawks communicate with each other through
sound signals, producing a high-pitched scream. Especially their communication
noticeable during nesting, when both male and female make the same
vibrating sounds, only the female’s voice is lower and louder The sparrowhawk is found in the southern part of the forest
zones. Lives in various forest areas, but does not go deep into the forest
flies, often near open places. Hawk's nest
detect small birds from the remains of eaten prey.
Chicks are born in late June - early July. IN
In the first half of August, the chicks are already able to fly. Eagles - large and medium-sized
birds. They are characterized by feathered legs
right down to your fingers. Loonies are inhabitants of open spaces.
Looking for prey, harriers fly low above
the ground, slowly flapping its wings and making
circular flights. It nests and rests on the ground.
Lun
Lunbolotny
field The golden eagle is one of the most famous birds of prey of the hawk family.
the largest eagle. Distributed in the northern hemisphere, where it lives
mainly in the mountains, to a lesser extent on flat open and
semi-open landscapes. Avoids residential areas, sensitive to disturbance
from the human side.
Among the nomadic peoples of Central Asia, mainly the Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and
Mongols, the golden eagle is used as a bird of prey to hunt foxes, hares, and sometimes wolves, saigas and goitered gazelles. Sea eagles are large predators with high
powerful beak and tarsus, feathered only
at the top. Female white-tailed eagle weigh up to 5 kg. Inhabits the shores
seas, large lakes and rivers. Nests on rocks or
trees. There are 2 - 3 eggs in the clutch. Feeds predominantly
large fish, eats waste near fisheries, and
also carrion. The kite's food is varied: it catches in the steppe and fields
mouse-like rodents, gophers, various chicks
birds, lizards; in the floodplains of rivers - corncrakes, ducklings, chicks
tern; in populated areas - chickens. The black kite is found everywhere, with the exception of the tundra
and northern taiga. Nests in tall trees, building large
nests, the building material of which is constantly renewed.
A characteristic feature of a kite’s nest is the presence of rags and pieces of
newspapers, cigarette boxes. Skopin family The main food of the osprey is medium-sized fish. However, in the absence
or small numbers of fish, osprey feed on small mammals
(rodents - gophers, mice, etc.), frogs, and occasionally birds.
The osprey fishes in a very unique way. Osprey flies at an altitude of 20-25 m above
body of water Seeing prey, he folds his wings and, stretching out his paws, rushes into the water,
sometimes while completely immersing himself in it. Fish depending on size
grabs with either two paws or one. Although, the osprey also feeds on useful
fish and should not be considered harmful to fisheries, since this bird
rare and few in number. In many countries the osprey is protected as interesting
natural monument.
Daytime birds of prey
Voronezh region.
MCOU Filippenkovskaya secondary school
Biology teacher Chaly N.S.
Rough-footed Buzzard
It belongs to the hawks, but its legs are feathered right down to the toes, like those of eagles. The length of the predator is 50-60 centimeters. The wingspan reaches 1.5 meters, and the weight is 1700 grams.
Territories buzzards They are assigned to themselves both on the ground and in the air, considering themselves approximately 250 meters above the surface. If a stranger enters this airspace, he will be attacked.
Steppe harrier
It stands out for its long, pointed wings and the same tail. Among other harriers, he is the lightest, as if gray-haired. Hence the name of the bird. The color of its plumage resembles the surface of the moon.
In Tatarstan harrier found in steppe and forest-steppe areas. There the predator hunts rodents, lizards and small birds.
Griffon Vulture
Sometimes single individuals of this rare bird of the hawk family fly in. It can weigh up to 15 kilograms. Body length – 120 centimeters. The wingspan is 2 meters. Females are larger than males. The general appearance of the birds is close to the appearance of the royal vulture. Like the vulture, the vulture feeds on carrion.
Barn owls are gluttons. The birds fill their bellies so full that they cannot fly. Realizing this, the birds regurgitate some of the food, again trying to rise into the air. If it doesn’t work, they burp some more.
Steppe Harrier
It belongs to the accipitridae and is protected as an endangered species. Its representatives are colored light gray. The wings are darkened, almost brown. You can see the bird in open areas. Hence the name – steppe.
The length of the harrier extends to a maximum of 46 centimeters. The wingspan of the bird is about 1 meter. What kind of birds are there in the Moscow region? live, detected by CCTV cameras installed in the fields by ornithologists and zoologists.
Merlin
Representative of the falcon family. The bird's body length is 30 centimeters, and its wingspan is 70. The animal weighs no more than 300 grams. Females are smaller - up to 240 grams. Representatives of both sexes are colored gray. It is composed of whitish and brown-black feathers.
Males merlin– caring partners and fathers. Returning first from warm regions, the males set up a nest. Once the females lay their eggs, their partners help incubate them. Merlin chicks that have already hatched are fed equally with their mothers.
Greater Spotted Eagle
A large predator, weighs 2-4 kilograms, reaches 80 centimeters in length. The wingspan of the bird is almost 2 meters. The color is dark. There are single white streaks on the wings, neck, and chest.
spotted eagle considered one of the most intelligent birds of prey, it shines in films and circus arenas. Just by the look of the animal it is clear that you can find a “common language” with it. The spotted eagle looks insightfully, thoughtfully.
Sparrowhawk
This type of hawk hunts quail. Several dozen of them are mined per day. If the hawk is free, it prefers to catch tits, sparrows, and small rodents. A sparrowhawk needs about 100 grams of meat per day, respectively, 2-4 small birds.
The size of the sparrowhawk cannot be called large either. The animal weighs about 300 grams, reaches 40 centimeters in length, and spreads its wings by 70.
Goshawk
The largest of the hawks. The length of these birds of prey of the Moscow region reach 70 centimeters. The wingspan is 120. The bird weighs 1.5 kilograms. Females are larger than males.
The color of both sexes is the same. The front side of the feathers is brown, and the back side is white. Accordingly, in flight the hawk looks light from the ground.
Humans have domesticated goshawks for falconry. The bird reaches its prey either in the sky or in dense thickets on the ground.
Meadow and Marsh Harrier
Like bitterns, they are similar in appearance except for size. Bolotny harrier reaches a length of 54 centimeters and weighs more than 500 grams. The meadow species is the smallest in the genus, weighing no more than 300 grams. The length of the bird is up to 43 centimeters. Instead of a white uppertail, the meadow bird has a gray one, and there are black stripes on the wings.
Black kite
It also belongs to the accipitridae and, like the honey buzzard, reaches a kilogram body weight and 60 centimeters in length. The wingspan of the bird is 150 centimeters.
Kite does not live up to the name, since in reality it is more brown than black. However, when the birds are in a flock, the colors thicken. It is difficult to find black kites alone. Representatives of the species gather in large communities, building nests at a distance of 100 meters from each other.
Common Buzzard
A medium-sized representative of accipitridae, 50-60 centimeters in length. The weight of the bird ranges from 400-1000 grams. Wingspan honey beetle equal to 120-150 centimeters. However, it is rare to see a bird in all its glory. Most of the time, the hawk sits on trees and the ground, where it feeds on hymenoptera and their larvae.
Eating fruits does not fit with the image of a bird of prey. However, the honey buzzard does not disdain berries. Birds eat them in winter, when getting insects becomes a problem.
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Diurnal birds of prey 290 species of diurnal birds of prey. Families of diurnal birds of prey: Falconidae (62 species), Accipitridae (224 species), American vultures (7 species), Secretaries.
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Nocturnal birds of prey There are about 135 species of these birds. The order of owls includes owls, eagle owls, owls, and tawny owls.
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Diet of birds of prey Birds of prey feed on a wide variety of insects, invertebrates, amphibians, fish, rodents, mammals and other birds.
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Common features of birds of prey are a hooked beak, long sharp claws on strong legs, and keen eyesight.
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Owl The voice of an owl is one of the wonders of the night. In terms of strength, depth and the impression it makes in the night forest, there is no sound equal to it. Only fish owls can compete with the eagle owl in this regard. However, their songs and cries are more monotonous.
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Owls The first characteristics that you immediately notice about an owl are its large head and muzzle with large, round, forward-looking eyes, which is surrounded by a facial disc.
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Plumage and flight of an owl The plumage of these birds is usually thick and soft, the tail is rectangular, and the wings are relatively large, rounded, and in those species that hunt under the forest canopy they are short, and in those that prefer open areas or frequently fly - long. Compared to its body weight, the owl's wings are large, so it flies and glides without much effort and is completely silent.
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Vision and Hearing Owls have keen vision and hearing. Their large eyes are adapted for hunting in low light conditions. It is often said that owls see well in the dark, but poorly in daylight, but neither opinion is true. The owl, since its eyes look forward, like humans, has binocular vision, but its wider field is achieved thanks to the bird’s ability to turn its head almost 180 degrees.
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Owl hunting The vast majority of night hunters look out for their prey, silently circling over a certain sector into which they divide their lands, where they systematically hunt. Or, sitting motionless in a convenient place - on a branch or pole - they look out for prey on the ground: not the slightest movement of a shrew or vole escapes their keen vision and exquisite hearing. European species require 16-48% of their own body weight per day to eat.
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Vultures The black vulture is the largest bird of prey in our fauna. The head is large, covered with down; the beak is massive, high, laterally compressed, the beak has a long and sharp hook; the nostrils are wide and rounded. The legs are short and thick, the fingers are long with blunt and slightly curved claws. The wings are long and wide, the forearm is very long. The tail is wedge-shaped,
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Diet of vultures The food of vultures consists of carrion, mainly the corpses of large animals, which it searches for while soaring at high altitudes.
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Eagles Eagles in mythology. In Ancient Greece, it was a symbol of the Sun, meaning spiritual strength, victory and good luck. The Romans called it the bird of the storm, bearing the lightning of Jupiter. In Mithraism, the eagle and falcon are attributes of the solar god Mithras. Among the Egyptians, it is also a solar symbol, appearing in the image of Aha, the son of Horus. The eagle also represents the letter A in Egyptian hieroglyphics, meaning the beginning, the solar warmth of the day.
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Beautiful birds! The eagle bird is a very famous winged predator. The genus of eagles is distributed throughout the globe. They are birds of prey and have very good eyesight. When hunting, as a rule, they soar high above the surface of the earth, relying on vision to search for prey. The composition of the diet depends on the species and habitat conditions of the birds, but in all cases, eagles are at the highest levels of the trophic pyramids. The objects of their hunt can be rodents, snakes, lizards and small mammals.
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Bird protection! Daytime and nighttime predators are also constant regulators of game numbers, which has been proven by experiments conducted in Scandinavia, Great Britain and other places in Western Europe. Studies have shown that the extermination of feathered predators not only does not contribute to an increase in the number of game, but, on the contrary, is the cause of their mass death from disease: the lack of “culling” of the sick and weak leads to mass disease and mass death of game. It must be remembered that in nature there are not and cannot be absolutely useful or absolutely harmful birds. Birds of prey are useful for humans, as they destroy many agricultural pests.
Birds of prey squad
Purpose: To study the signs of birds of prey.
Fundamental question:
What unites birds of prey into one order?
Hypothesis: Birds of prey are united in one order by the fact that they feed on food of animal origin and are large in size.
1. bird sizes
2. beak structure,
3. features of the limbs
4. vision, hearing.
5. food of birds of prey
Dwarfs and giants Among the diurnal birds of prey, the smallest are pygmy falcons up to 15 cm long. The largest bird of prey in Russia is the golden eagle. The wingspan of the golden eagle is 2 meters, and the length of the body is about a meter. An even larger bird is the condor, which lives in the mountains of South America. Its wingspan reaches 2.8 m. Conclusion: Large size is not a common feature of birds of prey.
In pursuit of food: In the owl's hollow, 81 bank voles, 3 common voles and 2 shrews were found.
Osprey eats fish :
Snake eagle - eats snakes :
Shahins by rodents and small birds :
Skilled builders Primitive nests are made by birds of prey. Usually this is a pile of sticks and branches haphazardly piled up. For eagles that return to their old nest year after year, after annual repairs it reaches enormous sizes - two meters in diameter - and weighs more than a hundredweight.
Beaks of birds of prey Birds of prey have a short, strongly curved beak with a hook at the end. The upper part of their beak is wider than the lower part and has sharp cutting edges. The main purpose is to tear prey apart; Birds of prey use it to finish off wounded prey.
Conclusion: The birds included in the order of birds of prey are united by the fact that they: Eat food of animal origin Have acute vision and good hearing Have a curved beak, the edges of the beak are sharp, cutting.
Their claws are curved and sharp
The pectoral and leg muscles are very strong
The size of birds is not a characteristic feature of birds of prey.
Slide presentation
Slide text: Orders of birds: Diurnal raptors. Owls. Chicken. Presentation on biology for 7th grade students Author Nevmerzhitskaya E.N. Biology teacher MBOU DR "Malo-Luchenskaya secondary school No. 13"
Slide text: Lesson objectives: -show the diversity of birds of prey, features of their structure associated with their way of life; - reveal the importance of birds of prey in nature; -continue to develop skills to work with educational information; - fostering a sense of collectivism and respect for the environment; -development of creative abilities.
Slide text: DIURAL BIRDS OF PREDATOR There are 55 species in the fauna of Russia, 48 of which are nesting. The largest birds of prey in our country are the Steller's sea eagle and the black vulture (total length 115 cm, weight 8 - 10 kg, the smallest is the Amur falcon (length 27 cm, weight 150 g). All types of birds of prey are characterized by a strong, curved hooked beak. Distributed all over the world: they are not found only in Antarctica and on some oceanic islands. Birds of prey form family pairs. Nest once a year. Nests are usually in trees, sometimes in hollows, on rocks, on the ground. Carnivorous (feeds in Mostly vertebrates, but among them there are many species that hunt exclusively insects, there are gourmets that live on a diet of snails only. Vultures and condors feed on carrion. They search for food in flight.
Slide text: golden eagle vulture kite falcon eagle harrier hawk
Slide text: The black vulture and the American condor have a wingspan of up to 3 meters. Pygmy falcons have a wingspan of 25 cm and reach a size of 17-20 cm. American Condor Black Vulture
Slide text: OWL ORDER There are 134 species in the order. Owls are distributed all over the world, except Antarctica and some oceanic islands. They are found in a wide variety of conditions - in forests, deserts, tundras, on mountains (in Tibet up to an altitude of 5000 m). These are nocturnal birds of prey. All owls have well-developed vision and hearing (they see not only at night, but also during the day). A characteristic feature of owls is their ability to perceive low-intensity sounds, which is associated with a nocturnal lifestyle and feeding on rodents, which they locate with an accuracy of 1 degree. They reproduce once a year. Nests are placed in hollows, in rock crevices, and often on the ground.
Slide text: Owl Eagle Owl Tawny Owl Scops Owl
Slide text: By destroying large numbers of mouse-like rodents, owls bring great benefits to agriculture. A tawny owl, for example, catches about a thousand mice and voles during the year, which would eat up to 500 kg of grain during this time. Therefore, owls of all species are subject to strict protection.
Slide text: ORDER GALINIA There are 19 species in the fauna of Russia, including pheasant, quail, gray partridge, white partridge, capercaillie, black grouse, and hazel grouse. Birds vary in size, have a dense build, strong legs, and are adapted for raking earth and forest litter. Birds fly fast over short distances. The plumage is short and dense. They nest on the ground. The bird is herbivorous, feeding on insects in summer. Birds often form permanent pairs. The beak is short and dense.
Slide No. 10
Slide text: Grouse Pheasant Guinea fowl Ocellated turkey Crax Weed chickens
Slide No. 11
Slide text: Consolidation of what has been learned The largest birds of the order Diurnal birds of prey? Why do birds of the Owl order need to be protected? Do birds of the order Galliformes form permanent pairs? What birds of the studied orders live in our area?
Slide No. 12
Slide text: Quiz “Living Synonyms”. Often in Russian speech we use words that are synonyms, which can reflect a person’s character, appearance, features of movement, and features of conversation. For example, we say “stomp like a bear”, “this is a no brainer”, “hungry like a wolf”. And what kind of birds are people compared to when they say: Chirping like... Cooing like... Hissing like... Caw like... Pounding (saying the same thing) like... Puffed up like... Swim (go smoothly) like...
Slide No. 13
Slide text: THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
