Considered one of the most prestigious. She embodied such moral ideals as devotion to the Motherland, courage, courage, honor and responsibility. The military events of recent years testify to the high professionalism of regular officers. They contributed to the fact that among young people, including those who graduated from civilian universities, there was an increased interest in this craft. Young people are increasingly asking themselves how to become an officer in the Russian army.

LIFE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS. The first acquaintance with the profession

The formation of interest in the craft of the military begins at school during the study of the subject "Life Safety". The school curriculum provides hours for educating the younger generation in the spirit of high patriotism.

At the lessons, children get acquainted with the profession of the defender of the Fatherland, with examples from life. Teachers draw the attention of schoolchildren to the significance and importance of the military for the country.

What is an officer corps?

In the army of any state, the presence of persons of an administrative-legal category is provided. These people are organizers, as well as direct executors of tasks for the defense and security of the country. Before you become an army officer and begin to perform your duties, you must obtain the appropriate education and rank. Officers have always been the backbone of the army.

The perseverance, professionalism, dedication and devotion to the Fatherland of regular officers kept the armed forces in constant combat readiness.

The formation of correct moral foundations among officers is carried out in special military educational institutions.

How is the training of officers going on today?

The Russian Federation has a sufficient number of military universities that train future officers. Each institution has the right to present its own requirements to candidates. All the necessary information on how to become a military officer can be obtained from the commissariats. Having chosen the future profession of a military man, a young man can go in two ways to the intended goal.

Way one

This option is considered the most time-consuming, as it can take a long period of time. The learning process is not easy. It takes place in higher specialized military institutions. Before becoming an officer and receiving a rank, a young man must study for several years and successfully graduate from a military university.

This option is chosen by all future career officers. For those who are interested in how to become an officer in the Russian army and wish to undergo special training on the territory of the Russian Federation, there are 55 military universities: institutes, universities and academies that provide their graduates with more than 250 specialties.

Way two

Many future applicants are interested in how to become an officer after a civilian university. Is it possible?

An officer's rank can also be obtained in civilian life. For this you need:

• choose a university with a military department;
• successfully complete it;
• pass the field training (they last 80 days).

Citizens who have graduated from a civilian university with a military department before they reach the age of 24, after passing the preliminary selection and special training, receive an officer rank. Work with graduates is carried out by the military registration and enlistment office at the place of residence.

Which way is better?

Everyone who wants to become an officer is given the opportunity to choose one path or another. Military educational institutions are designed to help everyone who wants to learn how to become an officer of the Russian Federation, and in the future fully connect their lives with the army. In this case, the age of applicants is limited: from 16 to 27 years. Upon admission, there is an informal requirement: it is desirable that the candidate has completed military service. For persons under 18 years of age, the legislation provides for deferrals and academic leave for the period of their service.

When choosing a civilian educational institution, the presence of a military department in it is of particular importance. Successful completion of such a civilian university gives the graduate the opportunity to both become a military officer (get the rank of lieutenant), and go into the reserve and not connect his future with the army. If desired, persons who graduated from civilian universities can be reinstated to serve as officers. To do this, you need to contact the local military registration and enlistment office with a statement about the desire to serve under the contract and undergo a medical examination. For applicants who graduated from civilian universities without a military department, special command courses are provided that allow you to quickly become an officer.

After graduating from a civilian university with a military department

After a civilian university graduate receives Often there is a recruitment of people from the civilian and with a higher education in the state guard. The title can also be awarded to persons with a good track record or proven successful workers. These steps are sometimes taken by management to reward the most conscientious subordinates.

Most graduates of civilian educational institutions, having a lieutenant rank, go into the reserve and are not called up for service. Those who got on the urgent, in the army often receive sergeant positions. This is due to the lack of officer vacancies. Those who have learned how to become an officer, have finally decided on their choice and decided to make a military career, are recommended to start with specialized military educational institutions.

What about people who graduated from civilian universities without a military department?

Often the question of how to become a Russian officer is of interest to young people who have graduated from a civilian university that does not have a military department. In this case, you should apply to a military university. For admission, the applicant must have good physical fitness, knowledge of specific subjects and the necessary socio-psychological qualities. These three points are taken into account by the selection committee. For psychological examination, testing and interviews are provided, the results of which make it possible to draw conclusions about the psychological stability, reliability of applicants, as well as their ability to endure all the hardships of service. To check the general education of applicants, the USE is used.

Nuances

Often young people who want to learn how to become an officer after a civilian university consult lawyers on this issue. Social networks in which they share their problem reveal it in all its variety of aspects:

• Is there a chance to get an officer's rank after serving an urgent military service, graduating from a civilian university and becoming a contract soldier? (Answer: upon completion of studies at a civilian university and subsequent military training, by order of the Minister of Defense, a person is awarded an officer rank. If the educational institution had a military department, then the assignment does not depend on whether the applicant is an active military man or he is in the reserve. The rank of foreman and sergeant is assigned by order of the regiment commander.)

• Is it possible, having a diploma of higher education, to get the rank of an officer in the army? (Answer: until the applicant is appointed to an officer position, even with several higher educations, he will not be able to receive an officer rank. When appointed to such a position, the assignment of a rank is possible even if there is only a general secondary education. But in this case - if there is no higher education - this will be a junior lieutenant. If there is a diploma of higher education, the first rank will be lieutenant. A conscript can only receive a sergeant's rank - subject to his appointment to a sergeant's position).

• What title is awarded after a civilian university? (Answer: after graduating from a university or institute with a military department, a newly minted young specialist becomes a reserve lieutenant. The same rank is awarded upon graduation from a military school.

• Is it possible to get the rank of lieutenant after graduating from a civilian university without a military department? (Answer: in the absence of training at the military department, the rank of lieutenant is not awarded. You must complete military service or enter a military university (up to 24 years old).

• Is it possible for a graduate of a civil university ("reserve") to receive the rank of junior lieutenant after passing? (Answer: a citizen in the reserve can receive the first and next military rank no higher than captain of the 1st rank or colonel. In this case, he must be assigned to a military unit. In case of mobilization, he is called up in a position providing for an equal or higher military rank.This person must pass and pass the necessary tests).

• What specialty of a civilian university should a contract soldier enter in order to get more chances to continue a military career as an officer? (Answer: before reaching the age of 24, you can enter a military university. At an older age, you can enter any civilian university, but only after completing 3 years of service. After graduation, in order to be awarded the rank of officer, it is necessary that the employee was appointed to an officer position.)

• Where is it better to serve a graduate of a civilian university in order to continue a military career after the army? (Answer: for the continuation of military service, the branch of service in which the former student of the "citizen" will do military service does not play a special role).

• Is it possible to study as an officer in absentia after signing the contract? (Answer: there is no correspondence military training in the Russian Federation. If you wish to become an officer, you can enter a military university. There, after the first year of study, a contract is signed for the entire period of study, as well as for 5 years of service upon completion).

• Is it possible to serve under a contract in the army and study in absentia at a civilian university? (Answer: it is possible. The law provides that contract servicemen, except for officers who serve continuously for at least three years, can study at higher and secondary institutions with state accreditation, as well as at preparatory courses at federal universities at the expense of budgetary funds according to the forms of education : full-time, part-time or evening. They have the right to enter these institutions out of competition).

• Is it right for the military registration and enlistment office to refuse a graduate of a civilian university (received the specialty "manager, personnel manager"), who has not served "urgent", in his desire to sign a contract as an officer, citing the fact that there is no military position for his civilian specialty? (Answer: right. They won’t take a young man as an officer. Indeed, there are no managers in the army. He can be called up as a private or a sailor, and after completing military service (or during the period of passage) you can sign a contract. Since he has a higher education, he will need to pass VVK, tests and pass physical standards).

• At this time, the man serves as a foreman (contract worker). In the summer he finishes his studies at the university (special "finance and credit"). Can he qualify for a higher rank? (Answer: a military man will be able to get the rank of an officer (in this case, a lieutenant) only if he is appointed to an officer position. This is possible even without a higher education. In the absence of such a position, he will not be able to get the rank).

How to become a police officer?

Police officers can be persons from 18 to 35 years old. The gender of the candidate does not matter. The selection committee evaluates individual qualities and data obtained as a result of a serious medical, psychological and professional examination. The officers of the police of the Russian Federation receive special education at universities and academies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Persons who graduated from a civil university subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and have a legal education have more chances to become a police officer. This also applies to those who graduated (it accepts applicants from the ninth grade), the cadet corps or college with a law degree.

Applicants of other universities with diplomas of other specialties can also receive the rank of officer. To do this, the candidate must submit an application to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Then he will be sent to the passage of accelerated courses, after which he is entitled to apply for employment in the police.

What documents need to be provided?

• Personal passport (Russian and foreign).
• Diploma of education.
• Labor book.
• Application for a job.
• Completed application form.
• Written autobiography.

How to get the rank of FSB officer?

The activity of the FSB, which is engaged in the protection of the national interests of the Russian Federation, differs from other law enforcement agencies in its particular complexity and responsibility. In this case, very high requirements are imposed on applicants.

In the service of the state, intellectuals have found their way, for whom the army and the police are not considered the limit. Such people replenish the officers of the FSB. You can become one of its members by completing a training course at the FSB Academy.

Graduation from this higher educational institution gives the graduate the opportunity to both become a state security officer and successfully make a career in any other law enforcement agency of the Russian Federation.

All the requirements for candidates who decide to connect their lives with the army, police and other security agencies are quite high. The very work of an officer implies a lack of free time and often puts the health and sometimes the life of an employee at risk. If you want to be not just an officer, but to advance and occupy high ranks, daily duty, urgent calls and other difficulties of service will not be a burden. A good result and success can come with love for your work.

Military universities traditionally stand apart in a number of higher educational institutions: special conditions for admission, strict discipline and subordination, a specific regime ...

The vast majority of civilian universities in Russia are subordinate to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, while the military ones are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense, which establishes and regulates rules and procedures for them. In addition, all military universities are divided according to the types of troops: universities of missile forces, ground forces, air forces, etc.

If you decide to enter a military university, be prepared for the fact that at all stages of the journey, from submitting documents to receiving the coveted "crust", you have to communicate with people in uniform. Therefore, when collecting information about a military university, one should not be guided by general civil rules and guidelines. For example, the rules for admission to military universities practically do not take into account the innovations of recent years: while most applicants "in civilian life" take entrance exams in the form of tests, applicants for military universities write dictations and tests in the old fashioned way. The same can be said about the Unified State Examination: being outside the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, military leaders have the right to consider the Regulations on the conduct of a unified state exam as information for reflection, but not as a direct guide to action.

Universities with a broad profile

The set of specialties in which modern military universities are trained is quite extensive. The specialization of the university mainly depends on the profile, or rather, on the type of troops to which the educational institution belongs. At the same time, many military universities duplicate civilian areas of training, and more and more often they include the usual economic and legal specialties. Thus, the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation trains sociologists, lawyers, managers of social and cultural activities, translators and social work specialists.

Some of the specialties offered by the universities of the Ministry of Defense are multifunctional - graduates are equally in demand both in "military field conditions" and "in civilian life." First of all, this concerns the engineering and technical direction. For example, from the walls of the Military Technical University of the Federal Service for Special Construction of the Russian Federation, engineers of lifting and transport, road, construction machines and equipment, specialists in industrial and civil construction, in the design of roads, airfields, transport tunnels, etc.

Finally, a certain part of the military professions lies in a highly specific field of application, which has no analogues in civilian life. For example, after graduating from the Academy of Civil Protection of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, one can become a specialist in mathematical support for research on weapons, equipment and the use of civil protection forces.

Autograph for the military commissar

To apply to a military university, the applicant will have to go to the military registration and enlistment office (at the place of residence).

You must have with you:

• passport;
• a copy of the document on secondary education (secondary students provide a certificate of current performance);
• three photographs (without headgear, size 4.5x6 cm);
• characteristics from the place of study or work;
• autobiography.

In the military registration and enlistment office, the applicant writes an application with a request for admission to the selected university. All this must be done before April 20 of this year.

After the primary documents have been submitted, it remains to pass a medical examination, and yesterday's student becomes a candidate for study at a military university. Applications are considered by the admissions committee of the university, and the final decision on admission to exams (or refusal to do so) is communicated to candidates through the military registration and enlistment office by June 20.

The procedure for submitting documents is somewhat different for those who are currently serving in the Armed Forces: in this case, the applicant submits a report addressed to his immediate commander by April 1 of the current year, and he, having provided the petition with all the necessary papers, passes it on to the authority .

Another feature of entering military universities is that there are quite strict age restrictions. Young people who have not served in the army can become cadets from 16 to 22 years old, having "experience" of army service - up to 24 (age is determined at the time of application).

Fell - wrung out

Entrance tests to military universities are held from July 1 to July 20, and they also differ somewhat from "civilian" ones. To pass the competitive selection, knowledge of the Pythagorean theorem and the gimlet rule will not be enough.

The first stage is a psychological and psychophysical examination of candidates. Then - a test of physical fitness: pull-ups on the crossbar (11 times - "excellent", 9 - "good", 7 - "satisfactory"), hundred meters, 3 km run. And, finally, the actual exams in general education disciplines. They, as a rule, consist of mathematics (major subject) and dictation in the Russian language. The third exam (physics, chemistry, history) depends on the profile of the chosen educational institution.

The average competition for military universities is 2.5-3 people per place. However, these figures (not too high for Moscow) speak, rather, not about the ease of admission, but about its specifics. On the one hand, there are really few people who want to get a military education, on the other hand, not every civilian with average training is able to go through all the "military tricks" associated with admission (questionnaire - checking the psycho-emotional state - physical fitness - general education base).

The system of benefits provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation for applicants to higher educational institutions also applies to military universities: orphans, medalists, winners of olympiads, etc. have various privileges. Disabled people are an exception from this list for obvious reasons.

I would go to field marshals ...
Graduates leave the walls of the alma mater with the rank of lieutenant. All newly-made commanders are waiting for distribution: at least five years after graduation from a military university, yesterday's cadet must devote to the Fatherland. The further fate of the graduate will depend both on the type of troops and the place of service, as well as on personal qualities and ambitions. It is enough to look at the political and administrative elite of our country to understand that graduates of military universities can make a brilliant career and achieve impressive success. For officers who want to achieve a high position, there are universities that provide a second military education, postgraduate courses, specialized advanced training institutes, etc.

Cadet or student?

When all the tests are passed, the candidate turns into a cadet. This status corresponds to the status of a student of a civil university, however, there are more differences between a cadet and a student than common features. If with the beginning of the student life, young people have the most fun and carefree time, then with the beginning of their studies at a military university, this very time ends. Routine, schedule and subordination become a fundamental element in the life of all future officers.

Cadets are removed from military registration (they are not subject to general conscription) and put on a special account - they are enrolled in active military service. For the first two years they (regardless of the need for government housing) live in the barracks and, in addition to training, perform duties that are traditionally included in the concept of military service. From the third year, you can move to a hostel or live at home.

All types of allowances are issued for the cadet, he is given uniforms. Holidays last two weeks in winter and a month in summer. In fact, studying at a military university is equivalent to military service.

Sergei Litvinov, a graduate of a military university:

The lack of hazing is more than compensated for by tough discipline, exhausting physical exertion, and in the first and second years - also by a variety of chores. Get ready to learn how to hold a jackhammer in your hands, lay asphalt, do all kinds of repairs of premises and furniture, in the fall - harvesting in the fields near Moscow, in winter - endless clearing of roads from snow and many other useful things.

You will be taught how to shoot, control military equipment, perform drills and carefully take care of military uniforms. In parallel, it will be necessary to learn military regulations and, of course, all disciplines of the specialty. You will have to study at full strength, often at night, as very serious disciplinary sanctions are imposed for poor progress.

Until recently, such a tight schedule was indispensable for anyone who dreamed of studying at a military university. Today, along with the harsh tradition, there is also a softer regime - for those who enter on a paid basis. (The first experiment on the recruitment of "payers" was held at the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in 2003). Such cadets are relieved of the need to bear the hardships and hardships of military service: their life differs little from the life of ordinary civilian students.

In order to enter a military educational institution, you must be liable for military service. Service in the army will have a very good effect on admission. You can enroll in a military educational institution while directly in the service. Military higher education in absentia is prestigious and affordable. subdivided into:

1. Universities EMERCOM of Russia.

2. Universities of the FSB of Russia.

3. Universities of the border troops of Russia.

4. Universities of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.

5. Universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.

6. Universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

7. Universities of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

8 Suvorov, Nakhimov, Cadet schools and corps.

Military higher education has always been highly valued.. Entering a military higher education institution is not easy. In addition to knowledge and intelligence, it is necessary to have truly good health. But you can get a higher military education in absentia. When entering the correspondence department of a higher military educational institution, it is a little easier, and the quality of education remains consistently high.

Ranking of military universities in Russia 2014

The first place in the list of higher military educational institutions where you can get correspondence education is the Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. This university has 2 training profiles at the faculties of distance learning: engineering and command. The Academy is rich in its historical heritage. It trains the best officer cadres of our country. Among the students who graduated from it are many famous and prominent personalities.

In third place is the military academy of aerospace defense, located in the city of Tver. The name of the university speaks for itself. There are 2 faculties of correspondence education: command and engineering.

Next in the ranking is the military academy of logistics. The board of honor of this educational institution is constantly updated with new excellent students, who subsequently become the pride of the Russian armed forces.

The Air Force Academy also trains commanders at the correspondence department.

The Naval Academy in St. Petersburg is also among the top ten higher military institutions. There are 2 profiles at the correspondence faculty: command and engineering.

All these higher military institutions have an excellent material base. The teaching staff consists of well-trained generals and officers. Advanced technologies are involved in the learning process, as well as the possibility of learning via the Internet.

Hello Alexey!

Yes, you can enter a military university with a civilian higher education, there are no restrictions in this regard in the law “On military duty and military service”.

Article 35 Conclusion of contracts for military service with citizens studying in military professional educational organizations and military educational organizations of higher education
[Law on Conscription and Military Service] [Article 35]

1. Military professional educational organizations and military educational organizations of higher education have the right to enter:
citizens who have not completed military service - aged 16 to 22;

citizens who have completed military service and conscripted military personnel - until they reach the age of 24;
servicemen undergoing military service under a contract - in the manner determined by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation or the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided for by this Federal Law.

Citizens entering military professional educational organizations and military educational organizations of higher education must comply with the requirements established for citizens entering military service under a contract.
Citizens enrolled in military professional educational organizations and military educational organizations of higher education are appointed to the military positions of cadets, trainees or other military positions in the manner determined by this Federal Law, the Regulations on the procedure for military service and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
2. Citizens who have not completed military service, when enrolled in military professional educational organizations and military educational organizations of higher education, acquire the status of military personnel undergoing military service by conscription, and conclude a contract for military service upon reaching the age of 18 years, but not earlier than by them of the first year of study in the specified educational organizations.
Military servicemen undergoing military service under a contract, when enrolling in military professional educational organizations and military educational organizations of higher education, conclude a new contract for military service.
Citizens who have completed military service under a contract, as well as those who are undergoing or have completed military service by conscription, when enrolled in these educational organizations, enter into a contract for military service before the start of training.
Servicemen who refuse to conclude a contract for military service in the manner prescribed by this Federal Law are subject to expulsion from military professional educational organizations and military educational organizations of higher education.
3. Conscripted military personnel who are not enrolled in military professional educational organizations and military educational organizations of higher education are sent for further military service in the manner determined by the Regulations on the procedure for military service.

The right to education is one of the fundamental rights of Russian citizens (Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). Features of the implementation of this constitutional right by such a specific category of citizens as military personnel are defined in Art. 19 of the Federal Law "On the status of military personnel" dated May 27, 1998 N 76-FZ, which provides for the following ways for them to receive education:
a) training in military professional educational organizations, military educational organizations of higher education, other organizations under the jurisdiction of federal executive bodies in which military service is provided for by federal law;
b) preparation and defense of dissertations in accordance with the established procedure for the competition of a scientific degree (this right is available only to military personnel undergoing military service under a contract);
c) training in civilian vocational educational organizations or civilian educational organizations of higher education and at the preparatory departments of such educational organizations of higher education with the development of educational programs for part-time or part-time education (this right is only for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract);

d) undergoing professional retraining in one of the civilian specialties without charging them tuition fees (this right is given to military personnel who are doing military service under a contract, the total duration of military service of which is five years or more (not counting the time of training in military vocational educational institutions); organizations and military educational organizations of higher education) in the year of dismissal from military service upon reaching the age limit for military service, expiration of the term of military service, health status or in connection with organizational and staff measures).
As follows from the content of paragraph 2 of Art. 19 of the Federal Law "On the Status of Military Personnel", according to the content and scope of rights in the field of education in civilian educational organizations, military personnel undergoing military service under the contract are divided into two large groups: 1) officers; 2) all other military personnel undergoing military service under the contract (soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen, warrant officers, midshipmen).
According to paragraph 2 of Art. 19 of the Federal Law "On the Status of Military Personnel", the legislator delegated to the Government of the Russian Federation the authority to establish the procedure for training military personnel serving under contract in civilian educational organizations. In order to exercise these powers, the Government of the Russian Federation issued two important regulatory legal acts that came into force on November 15, 2014:
- Rules for the implementation of the right of those undergoing military service under a contract to study in civilian professional educational organizations or civilian educational organizations of higher education and in the preparatory departments of such educational organizations of higher education with the development of educational programs for part-time or part-time education, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 3, 2014 N 1156;
- Rules for the implementation of the right of military personnel undergoing military service under a contract (with the exception of), the continuous duration of military service under a contract of at least 3 years, to study in state-accredited educational programs of secondary vocational education and higher education, as well as in preparatory departments of federal state educational organizations of higher education at the expense of the federal budget with the development of educational programs for part-time or part-time education, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 3, 2014 N 1155.
This publication is devoted to the consideration of these acts of the Government of the Russian Federation.

According to the Rules approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 3, 2014 N 1156, a document confirming the right to study holidays and other social guarantees for passing entrance examinations for admission to study and during the period of study in educational organizations is a call certificate giving the right to provide guarantees and compensations to employees who combine work with education. The form of such a certificate was approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated December 19, 2013 N 1368.
The most significant type of guarantees for the exercise by military personnel of the right to receive education in civilian educational organizations are study holidays, the duration of which is differentiated depending on the type of educational organization and the course in which the military personnel is studying (see the appendix to this article).
In addition to vacations, servicemen who combine military service with training in civilian educational organizations are provided with the following guarantees:
a) for monetary allowance * (1):
- when on study leave granted for passing entrance examinations or for passing the final certification at the end of the preparatory departments of educational organizations, the monetary allowance is not paid to the serviceman;
- when on study leave granted during the period of study at a civilian educational organization for passing intermediate and final certification, the serviceman is paid an average monthly allowance;
b) to preserve the right to study in case of impossibility to arrive at an educational organization due to employment:
- if it is impossible for a serviceman to arrive on time to undergo an intermediate or final certification in connection with his participation in exercises, ship cruises and other events, the list of which is determined by the heads of federal executive bodies in which military service is provided for by federal law, the educational organization is obliged to provide this serviceman with the opportunity passing certification at another time;
- in the case of sending a serviceman studying in an educational organization on a business trip lasting more than three months, including for participation in peacekeeping and counter-terrorism operations, he is granted academic leave in accordance with the established procedure on the basis of a personal application and a certificate issued by the commander of the military unit, in in which the soldier is serving in the military.
A very important norm is contained in paragraph 3 of the Rules approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 3, 2014 N 1156: study holidays and other social guarantees are provided to officers when they receive education at the appropriate level for the first time, as well as to officers sent for training by the federal executive body in which military service is provided for by federal law.
In order to correctly apply the act of the Government of the Russian Federation under consideration, it should be clear what the concept of "level of education" is, and also how to determine the level of education available to an officer who wants to receive another education in a civilian educational organization.
According to Art. 2 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ, the level of education is understood as a completed cycle of education, characterized by a certain single set of requirements. In accordance with paragraph 5 of Art. 10 of the said legislative act in the Russian Federation establishes the following levels of vocational education:
1) secondary vocational education;
2) higher education - bachelor's degree;
3) higher education - specialty, magistracy;
4) higher education - training of highly qualified personnel in postgraduate and postgraduate studies.
Due to the fact that the vast majority of those currently serving in the military already have higher education, received in most cases in military educational organizations before the establishment of the current structure of vocational education * (2), while exercising their right to receive education in civilian educational institutions organizations can face serious problems in practice. Situations are not uncommon when commanders (chiefs) refuse to provide guarantees (in particular, study holidays) related to training in civilian educational organizations to their subordinate officers, referring to the fact that they receive higher education not for the first time.
In order to prevent such conflict situations, one should be guided by the provisions of Art. 108 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation", which determines how the educational levels (educational qualifications) that were in force in the Russian Federation before the day this Federal Law came into force are equated to the levels of education that are currently in force (see Table 1 ).

Table 1

Correspondence table of educational levels (educational qualifications) that were in effect before September 1, 2013, with the levels of education that were in effect from September 1, 2013

It should also be borne in mind that the above rules for the implementation of the right to study in civil educational organizations should be applied in a systemic unity with the norm provided for in par. 5 p. 5 art. 19 of the Federal Law "On the status of military personnel", which is formulated as follows: "Training of citizens who have graduated from military professional educational organizations and military educational organizations of higher education and do not have civilian secondary vocational education or higher education, in civilian professional educational organizations or educational organizations of higher education is not considered as a second or further secondary vocational education or higher education.
Based on the foregoing, the right to study in civil educational organizations and to receive appropriate guarantees associated with such education, for the sake of clarity, can be represented as follows (see table 2):

Duration of study holidays provided to military personnel studying in civilian educational organizations*

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*(1) According to 157 of the Procedure for Providing Monetary Allowance to the Military Personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2011 N 2700, when providing military personnel with training holidays, monetary allowance for periods of these holidays of a specified duration, increased by the time of travel to the location of the specified organizations and vice versa, is paid in the manner prescribed by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation for employees who combine work with education (this procedure is established by Articles 173, 174 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

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