* Calculations use average data for Russia

25 000 - 90 200 ₽

Starting investments

66 000 ₽

From 1 month

Payback period

The number of psychologists is increasing every year almost exponentially. The profession of a psychologist opens up great opportunities for people who want not only to do what they love, but also earn money at the same time. In order to work in your specialty, you do not need to rent a large office or purchase expensive equipment. Investments will be required only in education and experience. Of course, in this case, it is also not complete without minuses.

Profitability of opening a psychological office

If we consider a private psychologist's office as a business, then the bulk of clients will come to you, first of all, on the recommendation of friends and acquaintances, that is, through the so-called "word of mouth". It takes a lot of time and effort to develop a clientele, therefore, at first, a novice psychologist in private practice can hardly count on big profits. Moreover, it is best to combine work in your own office with work in an organization as an employee. So you will not only not lose money, but you will also gain experience and practice so valuable for a novice specialist.

Another disadvantage of such a business is associated with a high level of competition in this area. There are a lot of psychologists in the labor market lately. The demand for their services, however, is also quite high. But supply has long outstripped demand. Several factors play a role here. Firstly, our compatriots are not yet accustomed to solving their problems with the help of qualified specialists. The services of psychologists are not yet so in demand, and their cost is equal to, or even exceeds, the cost of consulting a doctor.

Moreover, if the effectiveness of treatment in most cases can be assessed even by a person far from medicine (the onset of relief, the disappearance of disturbing symptoms, improvement in well-being, etc.), then with psychological help everything is far from being so simple. If the doctor in many cases can give the patient a favorable prognosis for the result of treatment, then the psychologist undertakes only to do everything necessary to help his client, but does not give any guarantees for a good result.

Another negative factor that adversely affects the reputation of psychologists and psychological assistance in general is the lack of a unified legislative framework. Today, in fact, even those people who do not have any special education or any work experience can engage in psychological counseling. At present, there is only a draft law "On the provision of psychological assistance to the population", which has not yet been adopted. This bill also has quite a lot of shortcomings and controversial issues, so its adoption is unlikely to change the situation for the better.

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And yet, despite all the disadvantages, a psychological office is a good business idea that can turn into a profitable and profitable business with the right positioning and promotion.

Legal registration of the activities of a psychologist in private practice

In order to open an office of a practical psychologist, you will need to register as an individual entrepreneur. This can be done in four different ways. In the first case, you can register an IP yourself. This is the cheapest option: all costs will amount to 800 rubles for the state duty. In principle, registering an IP is a fairly simple matter and does not take much time. But you can seek help in obtaining an IP from an intermediary - a law firm that specializes in such services. Registration with the help of an intermediary will cost more than paperwork on your own, but you will save a lot of time filling out all the necessary paperwork, and also get a guarantee that all documents will be executed without a single mistake. Finally, IP can be issued by proxy.

We will consider the option of self-registration as an individual entrepreneur. For registration, you need to prepare documents for registering an individual entrepreneur (application for registration, application for simplified taxation, receipt for payment of state duty); register your individual entrepreneur with the IFTS (registration with the tax office, sending a notification to the supervisory authorities: Rospotrebnadzor and Gosavtodornadzor), as well as with the PFR and the FSS (registration with the PFR, FSS, Rosstat, MHIF); order a seal for an individual entrepreneur; open a bank account.

Documents required for registration of a psychological office

Let us consider in more detail the documents that you will need to register as an individual private entrepreneur (IP): an application for state registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur in the form P21001, a receipt for paying the state duty for registering an IP, an application for switching to a simplified taxation system in the form No. 26.2-1 (optional), a copy of the passport. The simplified taxation system (aka USN, USNO, simplified tax system) allows you to pay less taxes and significantly simplify your reporting than OSNO (the main taxation system). The simplified tax system is very common among small and medium-sized businesses. There are two options for USNO interest rates - 6% (on income) and 15% (“income minus expenses”).

You can choose the interest rate yourself. If you chose the first option, you will pay 6% of any income, in which case your expenses will not be of interest to the tax authorities (this option is preferable in our case when it comes to providing any services and when expenses are much less than income) . If you prefer the first option, then the amount of expenses will be deducted from the amount of income, and the individual entrepreneur pays 15% of taxes on the difference received (this option is convenient in case of trading). At the same time, all IP expenses must be documented (that is, you need to keep checks, invoices, acts, etc.).

If you plan to apply simplified taxation, then you need to submit a notice of this in two copies along with the rest of the documents during registration. Please note: you can switch to simplified taxation only once a year, starting from the beginning of the calendar year, so if you do not have time to apply right away, you will have to pay much more taxes and keep much more complex accounting and reporting until the end of the current year.

By law, you can apply within thirty days from the date of registration, but it is better not to delay and apply immediately. You can fill out an application for the transition to simplified taxation (USN) automatically and free of charge using a special service or manually. In the latter case, you will need to download an application for the transition to a simplified taxation system in the form No. 26.2-1 (KND 1150001) (check that the form you downloaded is up to date). The application is submitted in two copies, one copy remains with you (with a mark of acceptance). Your copy must be kept. In addition to the application, you will also need to provide a photocopy of two passport spreads (main and with a residence permit) on one A4 page (also, when submitting documents, you may be asked for copies of all pages containing any information).

When registering an individual entrepreneur, you will also need to select OKVED codes. For psychologists who wish to establish a private practice or firm, code 96.09 "Provision of other personal services not included in other groups" is most suitable.

The need for special education in a practicing psychologist

The question of whether a practicing psychologist has a document on higher special education deserves special attention. On the one hand, the law on psychological assistance to the population has not yet been adopted; accordingly, now a large number of so-called "psychologists" operate without a professional training diploma. However, on January 1, 2015, the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation” came into force, where psychological assistance refers to social services.

Thus, the activity of a psychologist involves the provision of psychodiagnostic, psychotherapeutic assistance, psychological counseling and psychological correction. Psychological counseling is a type of activity for which a state diploma is issued, therefore, a person who claims to conduct such an activity, but does not have a special education, can conduct it until the first check, after which he can be accused of conducting illegal business activities. The check will be carried out after the first complaint of a dissatisfied client to the prosecutor's office.

In this case, it is important to understand the difference between a psychologist and a psychotherapist. A psychologist is a person with a higher psychological education. Such specialists produce many universities in various cities of our country. Among psychologists there are social, general, medical, educational psychologists. Psychologists have the right to engage in science and teaching, conduct trainings, help with choosing a profession, work on a helpline, test the level of intelligence, identify abilities, advise, and issue recommendations. Most often, all this is done by social psychologists.

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General psychologists are mainly engaged in science, teaching and developing the theory of psychology. Clinical psychologists have an idea not only about the mental norm, but also about pathology. They have the right to work in medical institutions and advise healthy people. They test sick people so that doctors can more accurately diagnose. But officially, a psychologist does not have the right to engage in psychotherapy without special retraining.

A psychotherapist is a doctor who received the specialty "psychiatrist" and then received additional training and became a psychotherapist. Only in this case, a specialist can officially be called a psychotherapist and engage in psychotherapy. He has a broad understanding of the human psyche and can treat patients with both drug and non-drug means, has the right to conduct long-term or short-term, individual or group psychotherapy. There are many directions and methods of modern psychotherapy (art therapy, Gestalt therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnotherapy, etc.), and different psychotherapists specialize in different areas. The psychotherapist has the widest powers, since he can advise on all cases, treat his patients and prescribe medications if necessary.

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If you do not claim the proud title of a psychotherapist, then, according to the Federal Law of August 08, 2001 No. 128-FZ “On Licensing Certain Types of Activities”, a license to provide psychological assistance is not required. However, you are obliged to observe ethics and remember that human destiny can often depend on your professionalism, correctness and decency.

We open a psychological office

So, to open your own psychological assistance office, you will need an area for receiving clients, as well as a minimum set of furniture - comfortable chairs, a table and, possibly, a couch (although the latter is an indispensable attribute of a psychoanalyst's office and is hardly necessary for an ordinary psychologist), which can be completely replaced by comfortable sofa. Aspiring psychologists often do not want to spend money on office rent, preferring to host their clients at their place or at their home.

In fact, both options have a number of disadvantages. If you are going to convert a room in your apartment or house into your office, then keep in mind that your working day will be irregular. You and your household will have to forget about peace and personal life, and you - about rest and distraction from work. In addition, you violate your own personal boundaries in this way by inviting clients to your home. As a temporary option, a home office has a right to exist, but you should not turn it into a permanent one.

If you plan to go to your clients' homes, then consider the cost of both money and time for the trip. In addition, as in the first option, the home environment is not the best space for psychological counseling or therapy. And no one has canceled the issue of your personal safety either (it's no secret that most psychologists are women). This format of work, as a rule, is resorted to in extreme cases (for example, when a bed patient acts as a client).

It is best to rent a room where you will receive your clients. According to the decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation, the minimum area for a psychologist's office should be 10 square meters. meters. The best option is hourly rent, where you pay for a specific time of your stay at the workplace, and not a fixed monthly rent. You can find quite affordable options (300-500 rubles per hour). In this case, you will not need to additionally purchase furniture or equipment, since such premises, as a rule, are already equipped with everything necessary.

Average rent for renting office space in Russia*

Hourly rent of offices, rub.	Monthly rent of offices (10 sq. m), rub.
250	7 400

*according to Avito data as of 08/29/2018

The main thing is that your office is cozy, and the atmosphere in it is conducive to rest and relaxation. Of course, this should not be a walk-through room: the issue of confidentiality is of great importance for your customers, and no one should disturb you during communication. Specialized offices (for example, a child psychologist's office) are often opened on the basis of an educational institution. True, this option can hardly be called a business. It's better not to depend on third parties.

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To open your own psychological office, taking into account its full equipment and rent for 3 months, you will need about 90 thousand rubles. Accordingly, if you rent an office with everything you need and use a personal computer or laptop, then you can meet the 25 thousand rubles needed only to pay the rent for the first time. Of course, in this calculation, we assume by default that you already have the necessary education and skills.

Investments in the opening of a psychological office

Sales and marketing in the opening of a psychological office

Beginning psychologists often wonder where they should look for clients. The best advertising in this business is word of mouth. The second place is taken by the Internet: specialized sites, regional forums, social networks. Recently, psychologists have been trying to pay more attention to social networks, creating engaging content on psychological topics in Vkontakte groups, Instagram accounts, and so on.

It is also worth thinking about creating your own website, but it does not make sense to invest a lot of money in it. To receive applications from the site, it is necessary that it be displayed in the first lines of the search, contextual advertising is needed, which in most cases psychologists are not able to afford. Therefore, for starters, you can get by with social networks, a business card site developed on a free designer or filled out profiles on psychologists' sites like b17.ru

Be sure to include information about your education and work experience on the website. It’s good if, in addition to a diploma, you will have various courses, trainings, seminars, supervisions, etc. behind you. However, chasing quantity, neglecting quality, is also not worth it. Do not embellish your experience, try to write the truth. With a complete lack of experience, you can always find additional work (for example, on a helpline or in a municipal center for psychological assistance to the population). It may not be highly paid, but it will give you such a valuable first experience. It is not necessary to be a generalist. On the contrary, it is better to choose one or two areas and work actively in this area, improve your skills and gain experience.

The issue of pricing for the services of a novice specialist deserves special attention. You should not immediately set high prices for your services, but dumping is not the best option. Your work as a professional should be adequately paid. If you yourself rate your services too low, what will your potential customers think? The work of a psychologist in a large city can be estimated at 2500-3000 rubles per hour. But often the amount declared in the ads is noticeably reduced, and in small towns it is 1000-1500 rubles per hour. Typically, a course of short-term therapy consists of 10 meetings, each of which lasts for 45 minutes.

How much do psychologists earn and spend?

Practical experience shows that it is realistic to receive three clients in one day. More is more difficult. Both physically and mentally. Suppose that our psychologist is a highly sought-after specialist who sees three clients a day and works 5 days a week, and the cost of a session is 3,000 rubles. In this case, his revenue is 198 thousand rubles. Given the small investment, you can recoup the cost of the office from the first month.

But, as you understand, all this is pure theory. In practice, this amount is at best divisible by three. And 60-70 thousand rubles a month is still a very good result, which not all psychologists can boast of. Why is that? There are many reasons. And the demand is not the same, and customers in most cases are not ready to lay out, in their opinion, "huge" amounts. Often, when they come to a psychologist for the first introductory meeting, they believe that the psychologist will solve all their problems in an hour. As a result, the first meeting is the last. And, as mentioned above, it is not customary in Russia to visit a psychologist: with intimate questions, a person is more likely to go to a friend or relative, but not to a specialist. So don't build too high expectations about the profitability of this business.

Keep in mind that the profession of a psychologist obliges you to constantly improve your professional level, which means that you will bear the costs of training, supervision, and advanced training. And this is at least 30-50 thousand rubles a year, which will have to be spent for these purposes.

Options for increasing the profitability of the psychological office

A kind of safe haven for psychologists is working with the so-called VIP-clients and corporate customers. Since a psychologist can earn many times more with them than with ordinary clients, his task is not so acute in the influx of new clients. Moreover, premium clients often bring people from their own circle, which allows the psychologist to gain credibility with the "higher caste". Another thing is that it is very difficult to break through to the VIPs. Therefore, many psychologists, in order to provide themselves with at least some flow of clients, rent offices at universities, at various medical centers and try to make money on the traffic that these institutions have.

Another option that many psychologists go for is to conduct their own psychological trainings. Training is a mass event. Work takes place in groups, with live and cross-talk between participants. As a rule, each training is devoted to one topic and can be included in the whole training program. For the same time and practically with the same efforts, the leader receives a much greater financial return. At the same time, the price for each individual person is several times lower than an individual consultation.

The greatest profitability for psychologists is brought by training programs developed according to their own methods. Such programs sell well, give the psychologist a name in the professional environment, and attract financial clients. In addition, today there are options for acquiring ready-made and proven franchise methods, when a psychologist is not only taught a new method, but also given step-by-step instructions on how to conduct trainings and how to promote them. In this case, the real profit from individual consultations can increase to 100-125 thousand rubles, and when working in the format of a training center - up to 200-250 thousand rubles.

If all the options for increasing the profitability of the psychological office do not meet your needs, look for unusual ideas in this area. Perhaps a traditional psychological office is simply not your format, and the search for an effective business idea should be sought abroad or in a related industry. In this compilation, we have collected 20 unusual business ideas for psychologists that can help you.

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Regardless of whether you are engaged in individual or family psychological counseling, whether it is a private practice, work in a psychological center or in a state institution, it is very important how the office in which you provide psychological services is equipped.

Talking about the most exciting and important, meeting with their feelings, clients feel very vulnerable. Therefore, the psychologist strives to create the safest and most comfortable conditions for the client. This goal is served not only by the creation of a special trusting relationship between the client and the consultant, the guarantee of confidentiality, empathy of the specialist and other things directly related to the counseling process, but also the organization of a special microclimate in the office where the psychological consultation takes place.

What should be in a psychologist's office? What should a novice specialist pay special attention to when organizing his workplace?

1. Place of the psychological office.

It is best if your office is located in a special psychological center, with a comfortable place to wait (in case the client arrives before the scheduled consultation time). The office can be rented, which is very convenient, since most often such offices are already equipped for the work of a psychologist and do not need significant refurbishment.

Many psychologists accept clients at home, but I do not recommend doing this. The home environment (and the psychologist's personal belongings) can interfere with the counseling process, and you should not mix work and home, personal spaces. The exceptions are cases when you have the opportunity to allocate a separate room for an office (where only psychological consultations will take place), and isolate your home, personal space from the client's visibility zone.

2. Color design.

The prevailing colors for the design of the office, of course, are warm, pastel. Any combination of pale beige, soothing shades of yellow, green and blue is perfect for a psychologist's office. There should be no bright, flashy colors, conspicuous color spots - anything that can distract the client.

3. Light.

The possibility of natural daylight is welcome, as well as the possibility of artificial regulation of the brightness of lighting (for example, “spot” lighting, the presence of additional floor lamps near the client’s and psychologist’s chairs, etc.).

4. Furniture.

The main piece of furniture in the psychologist's office, of course, is psychological chairs for the consultant and the client. They should be comfortable, moderately soft (but not like “frameless chairs” or “bean bags”), not too formal (not like leather executive chairs). A small table is necessary if the client performs various practices, where something needs to be written, drawn, etc. The rest depends on the direction in which the psychologist works. For example, a sand therapist needs a special “sandbox” and small figures for work, a Gestalt therapist needs additional chairs (to perform the “empty chair” technique), an art therapist needs paints, colored pencils and drawing paper, etc. .d. To store materials of diagnostic work, professional literature, stationery, sheets of paper, etc., you need a cabinet, rack or desk.

5. Interior items.

All interior items in the psychologist's office should carry a semantic load, there should not be anything superfluous or distracting. On the walls there can be diplomas and certificates of a psychologist (after all, clients want to be sure of the qualifications of a specialist), on the windowsills - flowers to create coziness. The specialist also needs to stock up on disposable paper handkerchiefs - after all, many clients cry at the psychologist's appointment.

Many people make a "tea zone" in their office in order to offer the client water or tea and coffee in the process of work. However, this is superfluous, and I recommend moving this zone outside the psychological office. Despite the fact that the atmosphere in the psychologist's office is very cozy and relaxing, it is still working and serves only the purpose of counseling. Therefore, nothing should interfere with the maximum concentration of the client on himself and his feelings.

6. The location of the seats.

There should be no barriers in the form of a desk or coffee table between the chair of the psychologist and the client. They should be at a slight angle opposite each other. This position helps to establish a trusting contact with the client, in contrast to the position where the specialist sits clearly opposite the client.

7. Noise isolation.

For a psychological office, of course, good sound insulation is necessary so that, firstly, the client is not distracted by extraneous sounds coming from the street, from the corridor or waiting area, and secondly, so that the client is sure that no one can hear his speech outside the office.

8. Methodical equipment.

Everything that a psychologist may need for his work - any methodological materials, tests, forms, writing materials, etc., should find their place in your office.

Of course, a psychologist "works with his personality", and his professional qualities and personal capabilities are the main prerequisites for effective work. However, for the successful implementation of all the skills and abilities of a psychologist, it is necessary to create a special microclimate, a special space. Therefore, it is very important what exactly your future psychological office will be like.

Your psychologist, Julia Zagorodneva.

I.V. Bagramyan, Moscow

The path of growing up a person is quite thorny. For a child, the first school of life is his family, which represents the whole world. In the family, the child learns to love, endure, rejoice, sympathize and many other important feelings. In the conditions of the family, an emotional and moral experience inherent only to it develops: beliefs and ideals, assessments and value orientations, attitudes towards people around them and activities. The priority in raising a child belongs to the family (M.I. Rosenova, 2011, 2015) .

decluttering

Much has been written about how important it is to be able to let go, to complete the old, obsolete. Otherwise, they say, the new will not come (the place is occupied), and there will be no energy. Why do we nod when we read such cleaning-motivating articles, but everything still remains in place? We find thousands of reasons to postpone what is deferred for throwing away. Or not to start sorting out rubble and storerooms at all. And we already habitually scold ourselves: “I’m completely cluttered up, we need to pull ourselves together.”
To be able to easily and confidently throw away unnecessary things becomes a mandatory program of a “good housewife”. And often - a source of another neurosis for those who for some reason cannot do this. After all, the less we do “the right way” - and the better we can hear ourselves, the happier we live. And the more right it is for us. So, let's see if it's really necessary for you personally to declutter.

The art of communicating with parents

Parents often like to teach their children, even when they are old enough. They interfere in their personal lives, advise, condemn ... It comes to the point that children do not want to see their parents, because they are tired of their moralizing.

What to do?

Acceptance of shortcomings. Children must understand that it will not be possible to re-educate their parents, they will not change, no matter how much you would like it. When you come to terms with their shortcomings, it will be easier for you to communicate with them. You just stop expecting a different relationship than before.

How to prevent change

When people create a family, no one, with rare exceptions, even thinks about starting relationships on the side. And yet, according to statistics, families most often break up precisely because of infidelity. Approximately half of men and women cheat on their partners in a legal relationship. In a word, the number of faithful and unfaithful people is distributed 50 to 50.

Before talking about how to save a marriage from cheating, it is important to understand

The psychologist's office is a specific room that functionally serves certain purposes, and also, it is a part of the developing subject environment, an element of microspace, subject to important laws of ergonomics of developing children's activities.
As for a mass educational institution, where children spend most of their time and one psychologist serves a large contingent of children, it is necessary to consider the workplace of a psychologist as part of the living environment. And this environment must meet the general principles of "enrichment, science intensity and contain natural and socio-cultural means that ensure the diversity of the child's activities." This environment must also meet the criteria for functional comfort.

First condition. The psychologist's office is more conveniently located on the first floor, as psychologists receive not only children visiting the institution, but also their parents.

Second condition: there should be maximum isolation, both territorial and sound. This means two particularly important points: the office should not be a walk-through or adjacent to such premises as sports and music halls.
Third condition: office - this is a symbol of the place of work of a psychologist. It would be more correct to imagine it as a room divided into three areas of activity, each of which is very specific both in terms of equipment and functional purpose: diagnostic, corrective, relaxing.

A specially equipped office of a practical psychologist (PPC) can function on the basis of a regular office of an educational, educational institution. Its task is to provide timely qualified consultative, methodological, psychological and psycho-correctional assistance to various categories of the population, including students of different levels of development and age, their parents, as well as solving problems of socio-psychological rehabilitation and adaptation.

A room or a separate class with an area of ​​at least 25-30 m2 should be allocated for the office of a practical psychologist, so that 10-12 people can be in it at the same time, work with which should take place in comfortable conditions.

Temperature regime. The room should be warm and at the same time well ventilated. In winter, due to the increased dryness of the air, you can use the Comfort device to humidify and ionize it; it is desirable to have an air conditioning unit. The optimum temperature is between 20 and 22°C.

Soundproofing. To isolate the noise from the corridor, the room can be equipped with a double door. The maximum volume of recordings is 30 dB (muffled speech). Silence warnings must be posted on the front door during class.

Material and technical equipment and organization of office space
The implementation of a complex of psycho-correctional and rehabilitation measures involves conducting classes in a specially equipped room, which must meet the relevant conditions and requirements for the technical support and equipment of the psychological office:

Technical means: VCR, TV, music center with a set of video and audio cassettes, computer, printer, copier, video camera.

Teaching materials: practical materials for psychological work at school; a set of toys, board games appropriate for the age of children; a set of various materials (building material, plasticine, paints, colored pencils, felt-tip pens, paper, etc.); library of practical psychologist; handouts for students, parents and teachers, participants in social-psychological training groups or for other group activities.

Documentation: There should be folders with the necessary documentation in the psychologist's office.

List of documentation

1. Annual work plan approved by the head of the educational institution.
2. Work log
3. Schedule
4. Programs and methods of psychoprophylactic, diagnostic, developing, corrective, consulting and other types of work.
5. Analytical report on the work done for the year, approved by the head of the educational institution.

Furniture:
psychologist desktop,
benefit cabinet,
tech cabinet,
children's jobs,
Coffee table,
2-3 soft chairs or a sofa
chairs.
Additional tools for interior design: room partitions, flowers, aquarium. Partitions can serve as a rack or a composition of flowers and plants.

METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE WORK OF THE PSYCHOLOGIST TEACHER

All areas of work of the office of a practical psychologist require methodological, organizational and technical support, which, of course, contributes to the effective operation of the CPT.

Selection of methodological tools

The choice of examination method is one of the most difficult stages in the diagnostic and corrective work of a practical psychologist. Of the variety of currently existing diagnostic methods, it is necessary to be able to choose those that correspond to the goals and objectives of the study, as well as a number of important principles. These principles are directly related to the organization of the methodological equipment of a practical psychologist, determining the necessary minimum of diagnostic tools in the work of a novice specialist. Let's list these principles.

1. The available arsenal of techniques in the office of a practical psychologist should be multidirectional, covering all aspects of a person’s mental life, including mental processes, properties, states, personality orientation, its attitudes, value orientations, intellectual level, features of interpersonal interaction, resistance to stress and behavioral responses in stressful situations, etc.

2. In the office of a practical psychologist, there should be methods for different age groups. Methods developed in scientific psychology and tested in practice, when used at an early age, require a special modification that provides for a deep psychological analysis and a competent interpretation of a complex of different indicators in their dynamics. In child psychology, it is necessary not only to fix attention on what the child can do at the present time, but also to predict what he is able to achieve in the near future, what is his “zone of proximal development”. This is especially important in diagnosing developmental deviations; in this regard, it is necessary to develop separate diagnostic methods in the form of a teaching, formative experiment.

3. Methods for both individual and group research should be presented.

4. Since a psychologist often needs operational information, methods that are not associated with a cumbersome processing procedure and allow express diagnostics are of great importance. As express methods in the conditions of a psychological office, it is advisable to use the so-called functional tests.

5. Modern technologies make it possible to equip the offices of practical psychologists with computer diagnostic methods, which significantly saves time, reduces the cost of preparing test material and forms, and simplifies the procedure for processing results. However, with the undoubted advantages of computer psychodiagnostics, one should not get too carried away with it, since a dialogue with a computer will not replace the direct emotional communication of a client with a psychologist, when empathic interaction, acceptance, trusting contact and a sense of understanding are included, which is the purpose of contacting a psychologist.

Requirements for methods

The methods that form the methodological base of the practical psychologist's office must meet certain requirements:
- the goals, subject and scope of the methodology should be unambiguously formulated;
- the area of ​​application should be clearly identified, which means a special social environment or sphere of social practice, a contingent of subjects (sex, age, education, professional experience, position);
- the content of the methodology should include a clear statement of the processing procedure, statistically valid methods for calculating and standardizing test scores;
- methods should be tested for representativeness, validity and reliability in a given field of application;
- blank methods should be presented on separate sheets, carefully verified spelling and grammatically;
- methods containing drawings and textual material should be distinguished by a clear typographical print.
Methods that do not meet the above requirements cannot be recognized as a professional psychodiagnostic tool. A practical psychologist has the right to use only certified psychodiagnostic methods.

Equally important is selection of psychological means for corrective work, including a variety of handouts:
- balls, toys, children's crafts,
- soft balls-armchairs, building transformers and other materials that can be used in game therapy or fairy tale therapy.

The effectiveness of the use of various psychological means of influence increases significantly with their complex application as interacting and complementary. This approach is important both in the process of psychological diagnosis and subsequent correction, and in sessions of psychological support, relieving psycho-emotional overstrain, and teaching self-regulation skills. Such means include, in particular, audiovisual means, game materials used in game therapy, music therapy and movement therapy.
The psychologist of the school psychological office is fully responsible for the implementation of correction and development programs, the effectiveness of recommendations and the final result.
To evaluate their work, a psychologist can use specially designed questionnaires. According to the results of a survey conducted regularly at the end of a certain cycle of classes, it is possible to analyze the adequacy of the selection of methodological tools and developmental programs for individual work with students of different ages, to assess the dynamics of the child's achievements (for example, changes in the level of his personal anxiety or stress tolerance, etc.).
When conducting projective techniques with children of different ages, one should take into account the special situationally determined impressionability of the child's psyche. Even the most inexperienced parent in the study of children's creativity noticed that after watching the film, the children draw and sculpt something in accordance with the theme of the film. In this way, they experience the impressions they have just received, work on assimilating new experience. Therefore, the drawing of a family should not be interpreted in any special sense if, after watching a cartoon about Crocodile Gena and Cheburashka, a child draws a father in the form of a crocodile [Shmelev, 1999]. When working with schoolchildren, it should be taken into account that children have not yet fully mastered social norms and for them the “lie scales” work poorly or do not work at all. The younger the student, the less suitable questionnaires are for him.
In children's psychodiagnostics, the results of diagnostic procedures turn out to be unreliable also for the reason that children do not always absolutely correctly understand the meaning of what is required of them in the methodology. The speech development of children under 12-13 years old does not allow them to unambiguously understand the meaning of many instructions and questions. Therefore, school psychologists should not be overly fond of verbal methods that use verbal stimulus material.

MUSICAL MEANS

One of the psychological means of influence during individual and group sessions in the office of a practical psychologist is specially selected musical programs, the influence of which is characterized by multifaceted changes in the functional state of the human body. So, by varying the musical background, you can influence the mood, cause a state of rest or excitement, control a person’s performance or enhance relaxation.

Generalized characteristics of musical works,
reflecting a similar emotional state

Main options	Main Mood	Literary definitions	Titles Artworks
slow	calmness	lyrical, soft, contemplative, elegiac, melodious, thoughtful, tender	A. Borodin.: Nocturne from the String quartet; F. Chopin: Nocturnes in F major and D - major (extreme parts); F. Schubert. "Ave Maria"; K. Sen - Sans. "Swan"; S. Rachmaninov. Concerto No. 2 (beginning of movement II)
slow minor	sadness	gloomy, sad, tragic sad, despondent, mournful	P. Tchaikovsky. Fifth symphony (beginning), Sixth Symphony (final) E. Grieg. Death of Oze, Complaint Ingrid from the suite "Peer Gynt"; F. Chopin. Prelude in C Minor March from the Sonata in B-flat minor, Etude in C-sharp minor; K. Gluck. "Melody"
Fast minor	Anger	dramatic, excited anxious, restless, angry, evil, desperate	F. Chopin. Etudes No. 12, 23, 24; Scherzo No. 1, Prelude No. 16, 24; A. Scriabin. Etude No. 6 Op. 8; P. Tchaikovsky. Overture "The Tempest"; R. Schuman. "Gust"; L. Beethoven. Sonatas No. 14, 23 (finals)
Fast Major	Joy	Festive, jubilant, cheerful, cheerful, joyful	D. Shostakovich. Festive overture; F. List. Hungarian rhapsodies No. 6, 10, 11, 12 (finals); W. Mozart. Little night Serenade (parts I and IV); L. Beethoven. Symphonies No. 5, 6, 9 (finals)

Music therapy can be an effective method of treating school neuroses, which today are increasingly affecting not only students but also teachers. The development of a rich emotional sphere is achieved by involving people in a wide range of musical artistic experiences, the formation of an emotionally positive perception of the world, an optimistic worldview.
If we consider a session of musical psychotherapy from the point of view of the possibility of influencing the physical, emotional and intellectual spheres of the body, then since music is the language of non-verbal communication, we can expect the greatest effect in influencing the feelings and moods of a person, weakening negative experiences in the process of their cathartic discharge under the influence of music.

ORGANIZATION OF THE OFFICE SPACE

Taking into account the specifics of the tasks, the office of a practical psychologist should territorially include several zones, each of which has a specific purpose and appropriate equipment. It is necessary to separate the waiting area and the advisory area.

Reception Waiting Area is a part of the room, separated by a partition from outsiders and those visitors who are already at the checkpoint. It is recommended to use flowers widely. There should be no posters on the walls, especially medical content, so as not to cause unwanted associations in children and their parents.

Area of ​​initial reception and conversation with the client equipped with a desktop, a card file with data on children, teachers, parents as clients of the office, a closed card file containing data and survey results that should be inaccessible to outsiders. The cabinet contains psychological tables, posters, methodological material and other tools for the psychological examination of clients.

Advisory work zone arranged in the most comfortable way. A coffee table and comfortable armchairs, dim lighting of the side sconces create an atmosphere of comfort, security, relax, calm, promote open, confidential communication in individual, group or family counseling.

Play Therapy Zone is of particular importance and therefore must be suitably equipped with: soft flooring; mobile furniture that contributes to a quick change in the situation in the game plot; toys, craft materials, pencils, albums. Children's crafts, drawings, bright interior design are appropriate here. Color design and phytodesign complement each other in creating a "children's space". All this makes it easy for children to adapt to the working conditions in the office and helps to relieve tension.

Zone of relaxation and removal of psycho-emotional stress involves the free placement of comfortable soft chairs for relaxation.
The effect of relaxation and removal of muscle tension can be achieved under the influence of certain elements of the environment (aquarium, light music, slide images), as well as functional music. Therefore, a tape recorder with a set of cassettes is needed.
In this area of ​​the psychological office, you can conduct classes and sessions of autogenic training with viewing slide programs and video programs with musical accompaniment. These activities are of particular importance in our time, as the number of children and adults who have experienced traumatic stress is increasing.
All these zones, in fact, correspond to the goals and objectives of the functioning of the office of a school psychologist, the main contingent of which are students of various ages, their parents and teachers.

ORGANIZATION OF PHYTODESIGN

In the office of a school psychologist, there must be plants that contribute to the creation of optimal sanitary, hygienic and aesthetic conditions for classes and recreation. They can also perform the functions of a professionally organized space, when flowers, flower racks and walls act as functional partitions separating different areas of the office (reception area, for example, from a play area or an advisory area).
When composing the interiors of a psychological office, you can place fresh flowers, green grassy lawns, phytocompositions, sometimes chirping birds in them in order to more fully imitate the ecological space, which is designed to have a favorable psychological effect on clients, especially during those hours when they are most susceptible to this (fatigue at the end of the working day, emotional arousal due to intense social contacts).
An organic complement to the comfortable conditions of phytodesign is the use of recordings of the sounds of nature during classes: the noise of the forest, the surf, bird singing, which has a very positive effect on children of different ages.

LIGHT-COLOR DESIGN OF THE OFFICE

When organizing an office of a practical psychologist, it is necessary to pay serious attention to its light and color design.
Lighting . The intensity of lighting should be regulated in a wide range (from bright illumination to complete darkness).
Combined lighting is recommended, both fluorescent and incandescent lamps. Before and after restorative relaxation or developmental activities, conventional overhead lighting is used; during special classes, the side wall sconces are switched on with a weak green light. All fixtures are best directed towards the ceiling to provide soft, diffused light.
Color climate. Color affects the mental state of a person and can change his mood. The environment in which the client enters should be set up for dialogue and confidential communication. Therefore, when designing an office, it is important to take into account the requirements of color psychology.
The effect of color on a person all colors can be divided into two groups: warm (shades of red and yellow) and cold (bluish-violet tones).
Green and blue colors have the most beneficial effect on vision and the central nervous system (CNS). All light colors have a good effect on the psychophysiological state of a person, cause a good mood. Dark tones, saturated shades of color depress, cause a depressed state. Red and yellow colors excite and activate the central nervous system.

Human sensations change depending on the color environment:
yellow and light yellow-green colors evoke a feeling of something light, and vice versa, dark tones violet blue colors - something heavy.
Blue furniture creates a feeling of cold. Subconsciously, there is a feeling that sitting on “blue” is not as “warm” as on red or brown. In an orange-colored room, the temperature seems to be higher than in a blue-green room, although the temperature in these rooms is actually the same. Indoors, especially with poor lighting, white-painted ceilings and walls appear gray. This cold coloring does not create the impression of a bright room. From a psychological point of view, painting a room white is tiring and has an unfavorable effect. White color works well when used as a background for other colors.
When organizing the office of a practical psychologist, it is important to take into account the psychological impact of the color of the door in the office. The door is an important part of the room and almost always evokes certain psychological associations. Depending on the color in which the doors are painted, they kind of invite you to enter the room or, conversely, do not have it. Negative emotions and unwillingness to open them cause doors painted in gray gloomy color; painted in cheerful colors - improve mood.

Color is also associated with hearing. With noise, the function of visual receptors is enhanced and therefore the perception of green becomes more intense, and the increased perception of green to a certain extent “covers” the noise.
Thus, sharp acoustic stimuli can be muffled by corresponding light stimuli.
Harsh noise will be perceived more calmly in a room painted in olive green, marsh green or dark brown.

Research by the Institute of Color Psychology in Zurich (Switzerland) has shown that children prefer one or another color depending on age.

Relationship between light and psychological characteristics of a person

Age (years)	Preferred Color	The color that calls negative attitude	predominant psychological condition
4 – 10	Red, purple, pink, turquoise	Black, dark brown, grey	Stay in the world of fairy tales
11 – 12	Green, yellow, red	Olive, pastel green, purple	predominance sensual perception of the world
13 – 16	Ultramarine, blue, orange, (green)	Violet, purple	Rational approach to perception of the world development self-awareness
17 – 19	red-orange	Purple, pink	Instinctively purposeful perception of the world

The same method of designing various elements of a room has a different effect on a person. The floor, painted like a chessboard, is calmly tolerated by a person. The sight of such a floor does not haunt him. But walls painted in the same way make an unpleasant impression. So, when examining a room, often more attention is paid to the walls and precisely their lower part. The color division of the walls can optically lengthen them. When painting the walls, use more intense colors compared to the muted color of the floor.
Depending on the location of the color in the room, it can affect a person in different ways.

The characteristic effect of color on a person.

Color	The effect of color on a person when this color is located
	Up	On the side surfaces	Down below
Orange	Protects concentrates Attention	warms, envelops	burns
Brown	Covers heavy	Produces impression earthiness, materiality	Inspires confidence
Blue	Creates impression ease, friendliness, sky	cools, alienates	Creates comfort for walking
Yellow	Facilitates amuses	Excites	Raises

Classification of colors according to their psychological impact on a person.
1. Stimulating (warm) colors
red - strong-willed, life-affirming able to induce to action
orange - warm, cozy, conducive to heart-to-heart conversation
yellow - contributes to better contact
2. Disintegrating (cold) colors
purple - stimulates immersion in oneself
blue - removes, creates distance
3. Soothing and balancing colors
green - refreshing
olive - soothes, softens
yellow-green - liberates
4. Muting and suppressing irritation
ocher - softens the growth of irritation
brown, earthy - stabilizes
dark brown - softens excitability
white, gray - extinguish irritation
dark gray, black-blue, green-blue - isolate and suppress irritation
5. Pastel colors
pink - evokes a feeling of tenderness
purple - enhances isolation and isolation
pastel green - softens
grayish-bluish - causes restraint
These effects of the influence of color on the state of the psyche should be used when planning the functional areas of the office, depending on the tasks of the work.
Waiting area and advisory zone it is desirable to design it in such a way that the color scheme of the space provides relative peace, a mood for dialogue, free communication. Therefore, saturated shades of red-orange should not be used; it is also not recommended to create sharp color contrasts in perception. The color scheme of the zones should be kept in basic tones.
The zone of play psychotherapy is being designed with the use of bright saturated tones, sometimes in sharp contrast.
Zone of relaxation and removal of psycho-emotional stress do not oversaturate with small details, they will irritate and have a stimulating effect, not a relaxing one. For the same reason, it is not recommended to use bright shiny surfaces. Relaxation sessions are best done in a semi-dark room, which helps to relax and relieve tension. Curtains on windows should be of light-proof fabric.
The effect of relaxation and removal of psycho-emotional stress can be achieved under the influence of certain elements of the environment and the light and color design of the office. The color of the walls, floor, furniture, curtains is selected in calm and neutral tones that do not cause additional excitement or irritation; in the color and light interior, blue and green colors are preferred (the ceiling is blue to simulate the sky, the floor covering is in green tones.
It is known that the life of an adult is built on the basis of his childhood development. What can influence a child's behavior? What will be his character? Why does he behave this way and not otherwise? These are the questions that are relevant for parents and educators of preschool children. These and many other questions can be answered by a psychologist.

In the work of a psychologist, it is very important to position the client as much as possible and establish a trusting relationship with him. The result of the session depends not only on the professional skills of the specialist. You need to understand that the external environment also has an impact on the psycho-emotional sphere of a person, so it is necessary to pay special attention to the environment and color design of the office.

Why office design is so important

A psychologist's office is a place where a person can relax, relieve stress and simply disconnect from a noisy, bustling city. Therefore, the correct design of the psychologist's office is already part of the work.

The main criterion used in the design is the atmosphere of calm. After all, the external environment, even at an unconscious level, greatly affects the general condition. From the feeling of comfort depends on how easy and free a person will feel. Some psychologists admit that many clients come to them not only to solve pressing problems, but simply to hide from everyday life in a quiet, carefree corner.

How does the environment affect a person?

The selection of interior colors is a very important element in the design of a psychologist's office. Each color affects a person in a special way. Light and pastel colors have a calming effect, relax, incline to trust, help to concentrate. For a psychologist's office, this is always a universal option. In such an environment, a person quickly enters a balanced state, imbued with confidence in a specialist, and is ready for revelations. A warm home environment also involves light, natural colors, so the reception of a "home" design helps the psychologist quickly establish contact with the client.

However, some bright colors subconsciously create a positive mood. Therefore, when decorating a psychologist's office, you can partially use objects of bright and rich colors.

Yellow or golden - sunny color creates an atmosphere of comfort and warmth. The same can be said about lemon, light yellow, pistachio. The main thing is that the interior details are made with style, and such objects do not crash into the eyes of a person in a distracting way. In addition, yellow color has a healing effect and has a good effect on the nervous system.

Orange reduces irritability, reduces the likelihood of mental breakdowns and neutralizes depression. So, in a psychological office it is very useful to use it, the main thing is not to overdo it.

Gamma in light green will be just a salvation from negative emotions. Green reduces nervous tension, disposes, tones. It is believed that greenish shades relieve headaches and bring out of a state of fatigue.

Blue tones seem to whisper that it's time to change something. In an environment of this color, you want to dream, think about the future, soar in the clouds. A pleasant soft blue color can affect the change of mood and relax as much as possible.

As for the interior items themselves, it is better to use soft materials when decorating a psychologist's office. For example, cover the floor with a carpet, lay out soft decorative pillows on a sofa or armchairs.

The presence of plants will also favorably affect the perception of the situation, as well as rounded furniture. The sharp corners of the furniture in the room give firmness and resistance to communication. In order for a person to be in a soft and trusting mood, you can furnish the office with rounded decorative elements or armchairs with smooth lines, a round table.

Basic design principles

1. Entering the psychologist's office, a person should feel a sense of order. Therefore, do not lay out a lot of small items in plain sight. Various auxiliary tools that may come in handy during the session are best stored in a locker.

2. The space should not be filled with too catchy and bright colors. The best option is pastel, natural shades.

3. The office should be spacious and free space between the client and the consultant should be from 60 to 110 cm.

4. Furniture should be as comfortable and convenient as possible. A client sitting in a chair or on a couch should not relax into a sleepy state, but should not feel tense either.

5. The chairs of the psychologist and the client should not be directly opposite each other. Therefore, it is better to arrange them at an angle. At the moment of a sensual conversation, the client may be uncomfortable and may turn away.

6. In offices, couches are often used instead of a chair for a client; it is believed that in a lying position, a person relaxes more easily. But this is optional.

Psychologist's office in kindergarten

The psychological office in kindergarten is designed in bright colors so that the child does not feel the difference between the usual play area and the place where correctional work takes place. The office should be tailored to the full range of work, which usually includes:

• the waiting area;
• conversation area;
• play therapy area;
• rest zone;
• zone of personal space of a specialist.

In kindergarten, psychologist's offices usually accommodate several children at once, up to 12 people for group trainings.

For obvious reasons, the design of the psychologist's office in the garden becomes divided. The first, consultative zone assumes a cozy seasoned atmosphere. More suitable colors are beige, light brown. Between the seats you can put a small coffee table.

The correctional and developmental zone should be equipped for games, classes and trainings. That is, it is necessary to have desks, a board, a creative corner, a place to store toys and tools. This area can be particularly colorful and bright. Bright objects will arouse the interest of children and positively influence their activity.

The relaxation zone can be equipped in pastel, soothing colors so that children can relax after intensive play work.

The personal space of a child psychologist can be designed to his taste or in the form of a standard work environment that allows you to focus on professional duties.

Thus, the correct design of the office of a child psychologist looks like.

Psychologist's office at school

The design of a psychologist's office in an educational institution should create the effect of lightness as much as possible. The influence of the general environment is very important in pedagogical and psychological work with a schoolchild, because, as a rule, it is not very easy to locate children in adolescence.

It is advisable to get rid of dark objects, dilute the interior with more cheerful shades: orange, yellow-green, lemon, olive, blue-green. It is not recommended to leave white walls, this color is subconsciously tiring, depressing, unless it acts as a background for the rest of the iridescent details.

Before the age of 10, children perceive pinks, purples and reds more favorably. Dark, gray shades are highly undesirable. For 11-12 years of age, green, blue are preferred. This helps to establish closer contact with children. For older children, blue, green are suitable. You can make yellow or orange predominant in the color scheme.

It is also desirable to isolate the office from extraneous noise, so as not to knock down the conversational mood, and the child is not distracted.

Photos of the design of the psychologist's office in the original style are presented in the article.

You can create an interesting, but at the same time cozy atmosphere with the help of flowers, colorful partitions between work areas. A relaxing effect can create an aquarium. This is an auxiliary attribute that will help establish a trusting contact between the consultant and the client.

Also, popular design solutions are often based on the design of the cabinet in two main color groups. For emotional unloading, only two primary colors are used. For example, brown and pistachio, light green and olive, beige and brown. The main thing is that the two colors are perfectly combined with each other. Furniture should not greatly narrow the room, a large space feels like freedom. Combined lighting will also help to relax the client. Somewhere you need to dim the light, somewhere, on the contrary, lighten it, depending on the emotional state of the client.