Which of the human ancient civilizations appeared earlier than others? Scientists for many years, literally bit by bit, collect information about our ancestors, learning more and more new facts. Our planet at different times was inhabited by various civilizations that ceased to exist many thousands of years ago. Did you know that the most ancient civilization on the planet surpassed the modern one in terms of the amount of knowledge and scientific achievements? Find out about this and much more from the ranking of the oldest civilizations in the world.

The most ancient civilizations

Kingdom of the Sun

After the Lemurian civilization was submerged under water in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, many islands were formed, on which the Aroe peoples began to live. Thanks to their knowledge, the Aroe peoples excelled in the construction of roads, pyramids, unique stone statues and even streets. The civilization of the Aroe peoples or the "Kingdom of the Sun" existed about 13 thousand years ago, which makes it one of the oldest among the developed civilizations in the world.

Ancient Israel and Ethiopia

The peoples living in Ancient Israel and Ethiopia were famous for their super-technological achievements, which were ahead of all other civilizations of that time. Direct evidence of the high development of the ancient Israelites was the construction of the temple in Jerusalem, which was located on hewn stones, similar to the buildings in Baalbak, as well as the Temple of Solomon, built on the principle of megalithic buildings. Also in the Temple of Solomon, according to the Bible, the Ark of the Covenant was built.

Rama Empire (India)

The remains of this ancient civilization are now located deep at the bottom of the ocean or overgrown with impenetrable jungle. Some scholars argue that Indian civilization began its existence a little earlier than 500 AD. But literally at the end of the last century, in the territory of Pakistan, in the Indus Valley, the more ancient Indian cities of Harappa and Mozhenjo-Daro were found. Thus, archaeologists have moved the date of the emergence of Indian civilization by several millennia back. Cities were an example of excellent urban planning, where there were central districts of government and residential areas. The sewerage system was much more elaborate than in many Asian countries today.

Ancient Atlantis

After the complete sinking of the Mu continent to the bottom of the ocean, as a result of the catastrophe, the boundaries of the modern Pacific Ocean were formed, and therefore the water level in other parts of the planet dropped significantly. On the territory of the lands of the Poseidonis Archipelago, a whole continent was formed. Modern historians are accustomed to calling this continent Atlantis, but Poseidonis remains its original name.

Scientists have long agreed that Atlantis was superior to modern civilization in almost all areas of development. Many ancient scriptures and books written by early scientists mention the presence of such inventions as water generators, fluorescent lamps, monorail vehicles, electricity-firing rifles, aircraft, and even the semblance of modern air conditioners to purify the air in stuffy and dusty rooms. Scientists believe that Atlantis ceased to exist due to the misuse of power.

Lemuria or Mu

The most ancient civilization on earth existed almost 80 thousand years ago, on a huge continent called Lemuria or Mu. According to ancient sources, civilization existed for about 52 thousand years. Unfortunately, Lemuria was destroyed at the very peak of development by a strong earthquake that occurred about 26 thousand years ago.

Lemuria never set itself the goal of overtaking other civilizations in development, and, in many respects, was inferior to them. But the main achievement of civilization was the construction of surprisingly strong stone buildings that could withstand the strongest earthquakes.

Scientists also believe that the civilization of Mu gave the whole world a unique language of communication, a control scheme. The key to the rapid development of civilization was education, thanks to which every citizen was well versed in the laws of the Universe and the Earth. Already by the age of 21, the citizens of Lemuria were well-versed in basic sciences, and at the age of 28, every inhabitant of Lemuria became a full member of the Empire and could count on receiving a place among high-ranking officials.

The mysteries of many other peoples and civilizations that existed on earth, scientists have yet to learn in the future. Will we be able to understand our ancestors and accept the fact that perhaps they were much better developed than us and possessed such unique technologies that we do not even know about. One conclusion we can draw for sure is that our ancestors were imperious, disciplined and educated peoples who so riskily plunged into dangerous experiments for the sake of the prosperity of mankind.

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The question of the most ancient civilization on planet Earth is still open.

Atlantis

There are many hypotheses about Atlantis - the sunken mainland, which was first mentioned in the dialogues ("Timaeus", "Critias" - 359-347 BC). , allegedly existed nine thousand years ago in the Strait of Gibraltar and sank as a result of a devastating earthquake. Describing the way of life of the Atlanteans, Plato showed a high level of civilization on this continent. In 2004, Dr. Rainer Kuen (Germany), in satellite photographs of southwestern Spain, noticed fragments of buildings described in Plato's dialogues, and suggested that Atlantis should be sought there. But despite the lively discussions caused by numerous versions of the existence of Atlantis as the most ancient civilization, research by scientists has not yet confirmed any of them. Lemuria In the middle of the nineteenth century, another assumption appeared about the oldest civilization on earth. This continent is called Lemuria or Mu and, allegedly, it was located in the South Pacific Ocean, and then some natural cataclysm destroyed the ancient continent. Only small rocky islands of the Pacific Ocean remind of it: Tahiti, Samoa, Hawaii, Easter Island, etc. Hypotheses about the existence of Lemuria - Mu also do not yet have scientific evidence.

sunken city

Another mysterious hypothesis about an ancient civilization arose in 2001, when the ruins of a huge city were found at the bottom of the Gulf of Cambay in western India. Studies have shown that the city is four thousand years older than the most ancient Indian civilization. The study of this find has not yet been completed.

Sumerian civilization

The existence of the Sumerian civilization in the distant past, which is considered to be the most ancient on Earth, is officially confirmed, it has about six thousand years. Sumer was located on the swampy banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia, in the south of modern Iraq. Scientists began to talk about the high level of the Sumerian civilization after they deciphered the cuneiform texts of a unique people. These texts refer to the period from the 29th-28th centuries to the 3rd-1st BC. The Sumerian language is unlike any other language in human history. But scientists still managed to read the Sumerian writings. The information encrypted in these texts shocked the researchers. It turned out that the Sumerians possessed such knowledge that it is impossible to assume among the most ancient peoples. They knew mathematics, chemistry, physics, astronomy, medicine and were the first on earth to master writing. They considered themselves descendants of the inhabitants of the planet Nibiru, which was located between Mars and Jupiter, which passes through the solar system every 3600 years. The Sumerians, who lived in the south, were strong, short people with round, shaved heads. This is how they portrayed themselves in the statues discovered during the excavations of the Sumerian settlements. In the northern Mesopotamia settled the Akkidians - steppe nomads. They, unlike the Sumerians, were tall, slender people with long black hair and beards, and oblong faces. They were called "blackheads". The most famous Sumerian cities are Lagosh and Ummu. It was there that archaeologists found the most valuable writings telling about the life of the Sumerians, their idea of ​​​​the structure of the world, their art, religion and the level of development of sciences. It is also known that the city-states had their own rulers - patesi (now this word is read "ensi"). First, the patesi of Lagashi was a ruler named Eannatum (mid-3rd millennium BC), who conquered Umma and expanded his possessions, and then (twenty-fifth century BC) - Lugaland, then - Urukagina, and even later (22nd century BC) Gudea. Gudea is known from an inscription on an ensi statue found by archaeologists, which tells how Gudea built a temple dedicated to the god Ningirsu. Archaeologists have found the ruins of this temple - the palace. The interior decoration, doors, columns are made of precious wood with copper and bronze decorations. In the courtyard of the temple there was a pool and a platform of stone slabs lined with palm trees.

Australian aborigines

Some researchers have reason to believe that one of the most ancient civilizations was the natives of Australia, whose descendants still live on this continent. People lived in tribes where there were not even leaders, everyone was equal. The men hunted kangaroos, while the women gathered fruits and edible plants. This civilization had no writing, temples, palaces.

9 800

The whole history of the world is represented by great achievements and great dates, but it all started far from that. So, the closest ancestors of man - Australopithecus - survived more than one million years of evolution, mastering agriculture, hunting, gathering and simultaneously inventing new tools. And only when all the stages of development were passed, the turn of civilization frowned. This stage was characterized by local wars and civil strife, the development of religion, architecture and social classes. One civilization came to replace another.

In general, the term "civilization" comes from the Latin language and means "civil" or "state". The era in which ancient civilizations existed is more than one thousand years old, and many medieval scholars even use this term to separate civilized society from primitive. If we talk about the signs characteristic of civilization, then there are quite a lot of them due to the fact that every historian sees them from a subjective point of view.

Over the past few billion years, the world map has undergone significant changes. According to geologists, initially there was only one continent on the planet, which was called Pangea and was located in the middle of a huge ocean. Later, this continent broke up into several separate formations: Laurasia, which included modern North America, Central and North Asia, Europe, and Gondwana, which included Africa, South America, India, Antarctica, Australia. Between these continents lay the Mediterranean Sea, which at that time was called Tetris. For many centuries, these two continents were overgrown with forests, which were later destroyed due to drastic climatic changes. Later, under the influence of glaciers and underground pressure caused by changes in the planet's magnetic field, huge slabs of crust began to crack and separate from each other until they reached their modern form.

Ancient people were sure that the very first earthly civilization appeared in the Far North, and this happened many years before it was covered with eternal ice. Here was the so-called Kingdom of the Gods. According to the Chinese, the emperor of this kingdom received power from the god Dragon, who was located at the Heavenly North Pole and was the personification of the King of the Cosmos. The ancient Egyptians worshiped some radiant beings who stood behind Osiris and oriented the Great Pyramid to the brightest star in the constellation Draco Thuban, which in those years was the North Star. There is a legend that the Mahabharata and the Vedas contain astronomical data that can only be understood if one is at the North Pole.

In the memory of the Eskimos, the Shining Spirits of the North have been preserved. The Sioux Indians have stories about the northern island, the cradle of their ancestors, which was swallowed up by the waters. And even in the modern world, Santa Claus, according to legend, lives at the North Pole.

In addition, researchers of anomalous phenomena, in particular, UFOs, note that these objects, as a rule, appear in the north. Perhaps they pass through some passages in the planetary radiation belts, or head to the underground civilization of Agartha, which exists many kilometers deep.

Scientists are sure that in ancient times the lands of the North Pole, which were then the tropics, extremely attracted the inhabitants of space, since it was the real cradle of mankind, idyllic Eden.

The second great ancient civilization is the fabulous Hyperborea. It was a subpolar continent over which the sun did not set. It was in Hyperborea that Apollo periodically visited in his winged chariot. According to ancient evidence, the Hyperboreans were very tall, had light skin and hair, and blue eyes. Thus, it can be assumed that they were a kind of ideal Nordic type. According to legend, the Hyperboreans were space aliens who colonized this part of the planet. The polar region, which, as mentioned above, was tropical. And the aliens chose her only because she was very reminiscent of their own planet. It was the Hyperboreans who later became the progenitors of the human race.

In the legends of many nations, information about that terrible cataclysm that led to the devastation of the beautiful northern lands has been preserved. Legends say that the sun changed its course, and the Moon or a comet that fell to Earth shifted the axis of the planet. Thus, one of the ages of the Earth was completed. And the legends of the Hindus and Mayans contain information that a nuclear war took place between the magicians of Lemuria and the gods of Hyperborea, which shook the entire planet, causing climate change and the onset of the ice age.

The sons of the Hyperboreans, the Scythians, erected mysterious menhirs to their ancestors. And the Divine Kings taught people the arts and sciences, because people could not live on the earth, which turned into a piece of ice.

A new civilization has emerged on the continent known as Lemuria. It was up to the Himalayas to the north and to Antarctica and Australia to the south. The first population of Lemuria consisted of hermaphrodites of gigantic stature. Over several million years of development, they turned into women and men and decreased in height from 365 to 215 centimeters. The Lemurians were very similar in appearance to the red-skinned Indians, even though their skin was a bluish tint. Their forehead protruded forward, and in the middle of it there was a large bump resembling a walnut (the so-called third eye, which testified to a developed mental strength).

According to ancient legends, teachers who came from Venus passed on cosmic secrets to the initiated inhabitants of Lemuria, which subsequently formed the secret knowledge of the East. After many centuries, men became like gods, acquired the color of the rising sun, and women became graceful and bright, developed a feminine intuition, which many times exceeded scientific logic. Marriage was seen as a sacred bond, sex as a spiritual communion, and there were no divorces at all.

Death was considered a transition to a higher world, so the Lemurians could die whenever they wanted. Legends say that they did this often, because the world in which they lived was imperfect, devastated by natural disasters. Ultimately, after another volcanic eruption, their continent split in half and disappeared into the ocean depths. It is likely that part of the Lemurians returned to other planets with the acquired knowledge, which became inaccessible to earthlings.

The Lemurians built huge cities, from underground lava and marble they made divine statues in their own image and likeness and worshiped them. The houses of the inhabitants of Lemuria were tall, had a rectangular shape and a wide projecting roof, which gave a lot of shade. Temples and palaces were huge, they were built of durable white stone. By the way, they have not completely collapsed over time and to this day they can still be seen in Asia and America.

This people had a lot of silver and gold, but precious metals were not used for minting coins, but exclusively for decorative purposes. Diamonds were very widely distributed, and therefore they were valued no higher than ordinary glass. Most of all, brightly colored rare feathers were valued among the Lemurians.

Lemurian scientists were engaged in the study of radionics, based on cosmic and solar energy, and brought heat and light into homes.

But soon civilization began to destroy itself. Strength and great knowledge gave rise to excessive pride. Black and white magicians fought each other until they destroyed civilization.

In some legends of the peoples of Asia, data have been preserved that spaceships flew from Venus and Mars to save the elect. Meanwhile, the continent was split and went deep into the sea waters. After him, only the peaks of the mountains remained, which now represent a series of Pacific islands (Malekula, Caroline Islands, Easter Island).

The remnants of civilization took refuge under the leadership of Manu in the western tip of Lemuria. From there, they could presumably reach Atlantis, which had just emerged from the depths of the ocean. Some Lemurians moved to America, China and India, where they revived the culture of their dead country.

Note that the considered civilizations are the most majestic and significant. They have had a great influence on the culture of mankind for many thousands of years. Later, civilizations better known to earthlings appeared. These are the Olmecs, who invented the calendar and hieroglyphs, created networks of trade and communications. This is the Maya civilization, which by modern standards was the most primitive civilization of the Stone Age, but which, nevertheless, built dozens of wonderful cities, the basis of which are pyramids, perfect in sophistication and beauty. In addition, the Maya invented hieroglyphic writing and the solar calendar, and were able to predict lunar and solar eclipses. These are the Aztecs, who in just two centuries have gone through a difficult path from a nomadic tribe to formidable rulers of a large territory. These are the civilizations of South America (Chavin, Paracas, Nazca, Mochica, Chimu, Incas, Machu Picchu). This is the well-known Atlantis, Celts, Scythians, Phoenicians, Hittites. Each of these civilizations had a great influence on the development of mankind. But that, as they say, is a completely different story ...

The oldest civilization known to us originated in the Middle East. The history of some cities, such as Damascus and Hierochon, has at least 5 thousand years.

What were the ancient cities like?

In terms of size, the first cities cannot be compared with today's cities. The city of Chatal Huyuk, which is located in present-day Turkey, was built about 9 thousand years ago, and only 5 thousand people lived in it.

The houses were built of mud bricks and were so close to each other that there were no streets. People entered and exited their houses, from holes in the roofs, with the help of ladders.

Video: Secrets of ancient empires - The first civilizations

Video description: The evolution of man, who has gone from a hunter-gatherer, a cave dweller, to a modern farmer or city dweller, contains many mysteries and secrets; which are incredibly difficult to unravel. Our concepts and ideas about the past are changing as historians, anthropologists, biologists and archaeologists shake off the dust of past centuries and reveal the secrets of bygone civilizations.

It is necessary to have the flexibility of thinking, the ability to change ideas and beliefs about our past in accordance with new findings, facts and artifacts. History is used to promote dictatorship. Also, there are purely political interests. The history of the past has enormous potential for political impact.

Many countries use archaeological discoveries to support the ruling elite in their claims to certain territories. Almost always, this is accompanied by violence and the death of innocent people. The History of Civilization is the story of all Humanity. It's an endless book that we, the authors, are constantly making changes to. The distant past influences our views, beliefs, art and science. It is possible that this is the reason for the constant desire of man to uncover the mysteries and secrets of ancient civilizations.

What did the Sumerians invent?

The Sumerians knew how to weave material, make property out of metal, and make pottery on the potter's wheel. But they made the greatest progress in writing, mathematics and astronomy. The disclosures in these areas allowed them to keep records of taxes and enter into contracts, write down laws and draw up a calendar.

Video: SUMER - LAND OF GUARDS

Where was Mesopotamia?

Mesopotamia means "between the rivers". Today, this territory is the modern state of Iraq.
The rivers are called Tigris and Euphrates, and the first inhabitants of these places were the Sumerians. Already at the beginning of the third millennium BC there were powerful cities such as Ur and Uruk; they traded and fought with each other.

Up to 50,000 inhabitants each could live in ancient cities, and they were often built around temples built of clay bricks, which were called ziggurats.

Video: City-States of Mesopotamia

What states of the Ancient East were the most powerful?

The first great conqueror we know of was Sargon of Akkad. Between the 18th and 12th centuries BC. the Hittite empire existed in Anatolia (modern Turkey). The Assyrians, who lived in the city-state of Ashur, were also a warlike people. In 800-650 years. BC. they created a huge empire stretching from the Persian Gulf to Egypt.

Video: Ancient City of Ashur (Kalat-Shergat) (UNESCO/NHK)

Video description: The ancient city of Ashur is located on the Tigris River in northern Mesopotamia in a transitional natural zone, on the border between wet and arid regions. The city traces its history back to the 3rd millennium BC. In the XIV-IX centuries. BC. it was the first capital of the Assyrian Empire, a city-state and a center of commerce of international importance. It also served as the religious capital of the Assyrians, being closely associated with the cult of the god Ashur. The city was destroyed...

Where did the first civilization originate in the Mediterranean?

Around 2200 B.C. The Minoans began to build palaces on the island of Crete. Up to 80 thousand people could fit in the Knossos Palace. Around 1400 BC The Minoans were conquered by the Mycenaeans who came from Greece.

More interesting facts: According to Babylonian law, a son who hit his father had his hand cut off.

Interesting video: The birth of civilization

Video Description: For a long time our planet was lifeless, and about 3.5 billion years ago a meteorite fell on its surface, bringing the first living organisms to Earth. However, scientists have recently made a sensational discovery that life on Earth did not originate by chance, it is a well-thought-out plan. Scientists have managed to scientifically prove the existence of a higher mind. In October 2011, French scientists made an incredible discovery, they found a place where life could have originated.