By the end of 2016, the first winchester-type tunnel in the capital will appear at the intersection of Narodnogo Opolcheniya and Berzarina streets (North-Western administrative district of Moscow). Its peculiarity is that the traffic lanes are not located next to each other, but one above the other. They move in opposite directions.

Winchester tunnel. Photo: TVC channel frame

What are the advantages of the design of the hard drive tunnel?

Winchester tunnel allows you to move the track as far as possible from residential areas and increase the speed of vehicles. So, due to the construction of a winchester tunnel in the North-West Administrative District, Narodnogo Opolcheniya Street will run at a distance of 14-15 meters from residential buildings, in the narrowest sections - 11 meters. In the case of the construction of a conventional tunnel, the distance would be reduced to 6 m.

How will traffic be organized in the area?

The tunnel will have three lanes in each direction. Cars will move towards the Oktyabrskoye Pole metro station in the lower tunnel, 786 meters long, which will pass at a depth of 12.5 meters, and in the upper 542-meter tunnel, which will be located 10 meters from the surface of the earth, vehicles will move in the direction of the Khoroshevo district -Mnevniki.

It turns out that just yesterday I drove through the longest car tunnel in Russia. It leads to Krasnaya Polyana in Sochi and has a length of 4472 m. I learned about it only today, "wandering" on the Internet. I also found out that there is a very interesting version of the car tunnel.

Let's first remember, and then I will tell you what a winchester-type tunnel is, and in what cases it is included in European urban road construction projects.

So, the principle of a hard drive tunnel is that oncoming traffic flows along it not parallel to each other, but one above the other. To some extent, this is reminiscent of the famous Winchester rifle, which had a tubular underbarrel magazine under the main barrel.

Such structures have long been built in European cities in dense building conditions, but there have not yet been analogues in Moscow.

And somewhere in September, the first such facility in Moscow should be opened. The tunnel, unique for the city, is located in the north-west of the capital, at the intersection of Narodnogo Opolcheniya Street with Berzarina Street. And moreover, it is part of one of the largest, most important and most complex objects of the street and road network of Moscow - the North-Western Chord. The complexity of this section was in dense urban development, they wanted to move the roadway, if possible, away from residential buildings, and as a result of searching and agreeing on the most profitable and convenient option for Muscovites, just the "winchester-type tunnel" was chosen.

In such cases, it is not possible to save the budget (the costs amounted to approximately 6 billion rubles), but this made it possible to save space and move the construction site another 8 meters compared to the standard option.

At the same time, the advantage of the project was the fact that the street was expanded to 4 lanes in each direction, of which three are main and one is dedicated. In addition, the construction of a tunnel and pedestrian crossings made it possible to remove all traffic lights on the street, except for one. Due to the construction of a winchester tunnel in the SZAO, Narodnogo Opolcheniya Street will run at a distance of 14-15 meters from residential buildings, in the narrowest sections - 11 meters. "In the case of the construction of a conventional tunnel, the distance would be reduced to 6 m," says the head of the construction complex Marat Khusnullin

As you know, soon there will be an opening in Moscow of a section of the North-Western Expressway from the Leningrad Highway with access to the street. Mnevniki across the street. People's militia. The event will be attended by Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin.

Since 2011, Moscow has been purposefully implementing a set of measures to improve the transport situation. We see such urban planning solutions as the development of the road network, its qualitative improvement, the solution of bottleneck problems and the polycentric development of the metropolis. The last is the creation of centers of business activity and the placement of jobs on the periphery of the urban area. As a result, it is possible to unload the center from traffic flows.

Here you need to understand that from the point of view of technology, the laying of chord highways is one of the most difficult transport projects in Moscow.

But it is necessary to build new highways for the city to live and work normally. After all, the traffic load on the street and road network of Moscow is constantly growing, the city center is full of cars, and their number is only growing from year to year.

In 2016, the first winchester-type transport tunnel in Russia was opened in Moscow. Due to the two-story structure, the structure has a greater capacity and at the same time takes up less space than standard interchanges. The correspondent of RIA Real Estate found out how the GBU "Gormost" serves the tunnel, what is in its technical premises and how the building in the form of a glass ball on the "Sokol" is connected with the object.

Double-barreled principle

Despite its uniqueness, the transport facility in the north-west of Moscow has a rather dry official name - a tunnel at the intersection of Narodnogo Opolcheniya Street with Berzarina Street. But among the people it is primarily known as a hard drive. Andrey Abramov, deputy head of the Gormost-North section, explains that the tunnel is directly connected to the American gun.

"In 2013, the facility began to be built on the principle of an American Winchester rifle. It has two barrels, one is located above the other. Our tunnel is arranged in the same way: its parts overlap each other for half the length from the side of the passage towards the Alabyano-Baltic Tunnel, and in the direction of Marshal Zhukov Avenue, this is the most common tunnel," says Abramov.

The unusual design of the building is not at all a whim of the designer, but a necessity dictated by the complete residential development of the area and the inability to strengthen and expand the adjacent buildings. If the tunnel were built in the classical form, then with the expansion of Narodnogo Opolcheniya Street, the road would run almost close to apartment buildings. The distance between the entrances and the roadway would be no more than six meters, while according to the standards, the length of the necessary "buffer" should be twice as wide.

As part of the construction of the tunnel on the streets of Berzarin and the People's Militia, the number of traffic lanes was increased, and the traffic light was removed, which regularly formed traffic jams. Less than a kilometer long, the tunnel, however, has a large throughput. The lower tunnel, 780 meters long, leads along the even side of Narodnogo Opolcheniya Street, the upper one, a little over 540 meters long, runs along the odd side.

"Since part of the tunnel was left open, there were no particular difficulties during construction. To create it, special sections were cast, a kind of vertebrae of the structure. The only difficulty that the builders had to face was watering the facility. There are many underground rivers, for example, Tarakanovka, which was closed into a collector. In order to prevent water from its tributaries from entering the tunnel, they made high-quality waterproofing," says Abramov.

More than it seems

The technical rooms of the winchester tunnel occupy three floors, you can go down to them through a separate entrance right at the intersection of the upper and lower tracks. Access is open strictly to Gormost employees who daily monitor the condition and cleanliness of their facility.

"According to the regulations, we regularly wash and clean the tunnel, if an emergency occurs, we promptly eliminate the consequences. The State Budgetary Institution "Automobile Roads" is responsible for the quality of the roadway, we also interact with JSC "Mosvodokanal", during incidents, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the TsODD are involved in the work, - lists Abramov.

At the top level of the technical premises of the tunnel, ventilation rooms are equipped, and spare generators are stored in case of power failures. The level below is the pumping room, and below it is the sump, a sump for collecting wastewater that enters the tunnel during precipitation.

The dungeon with concrete walls and gray water makes a truly gloomy impression, although it also ensures the safety of the structure and passing motorists. According to Abramov, all the water from the tunnel flows into this chamber, which is then cleaned of debris and released into underground sewers in Moscow.

"The Winchester tunnel is also equipped with a sophisticated security system. Here, for example, jet fans are installed that operate in smoke removal mode. If the tunnel is at a sufficient depth, it is equipped with a gas analysis system. For example, if there are a lot of fuming cars in a traffic jam, a signal is given and the jets they start blowing through the tunnel," Abramov explains.

Jet fans also work during a fire, dispersing smoke from the hearth zone. This makes it easier for rescue crews to organize the evacuation of victims. There is no separate fire extinguishing system, as in the Alabyano-Baltic tunnel, in the winchester tunnel, since its length is rather small, and the design provides for an open part.

"But there is a fire extinguishing system with water in the Alabyano-Baltic Tunnel, since it is deeper and longer. It should be remembered that not every fire can really be extinguished with water, especially if it is chemical. Therefore, at our facilities, extinguishing with water in emergency situations is used in primarily to lower the temperature at the facility," says Abramov.

Mystery Ball

The control room, from which Gormost employees monitor the situation at subordinate facilities in real time, is located not far from the Sokol metro station, in the same building with a glass dome familiar to all Muscovites.

“In the circles of Gormost, we call him Sharik,” Abramov says with a smile. Initially, the building was built as a transborder for trams, as planned, they were supposed to drive inside and turn around. But with the development of transport infrastructure, the trains became longer, and the idea was abandoned, so the control room of the enterprise appeared in such a shocking place.

Most of the building is occupied by a control room with dozens of monitors. They broadcast a picture from the tunnels, pedestrian crossings and sections of the chords in the zone of responsibility of "Gormost". According to Abramov, the monitoring covers almost the entire north of Moscow: the Alabyano-Baltiysky tunnel, the existing tunnels as part of the North-Western Chord, the Mikhalkovsky and Winchester tunnels, video surveillance of the constructed section of the North-East Chord is also organized here.

“There are a lot of accidents in Moscow tunnels, motorists need to be very careful when driving in such sections. Just recently, our official car was parked in the Alabyano-Baltiysky tunnel with special signals on, cleaning the canvas on the right lane, and a reckless driver raced through the tunnel. As a result the car has become half the size of the accident,” says Abramov.

The first two-story car tunnel in Moscow opened in the north-west of the metropolis. This is the most important part of the new chordal route, which will connect eight highways. There will be no traffic lights on the road between opposite ends of the capital.

A tunnel of this type, as at the intersection of Berzarin and People's Militia streets, is also called a winchester tunnel by builders, because one thread in a small area passes under the other. Immediately this original solution will not be noticed by either the driver or the pedestrian-observer. "Try to look deep into the structure," Valery Oshchepkov, head of the Moscow division of Mostotrest, reveals the secret of the structure to RG. Indeed, it becomes noticeable that the levels of the track are different - on the right, the exit underground is more gentle. The builders implemented such a project, of course, not out of love for engineering sophistication. Buildings in this area are very dense. Local residents say that many even wanted to sell housing after learning about the construction of the tunnel. And if the road builders erected it as usual, then it would really be a guard. “If we built a classic tunnel here, literally five meters would be left to the nearest house,” Oshchepkov sums up. “And so high-class specialists work for us. They understand that such reinforced concrete structures are still built according to the same principles - both ordinary and hard-driven. But it was much more interesting to work at this facility."

Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, opening the traffic, thanked the bridge workers for both the quality and the speed of work. And also estimated the effect for Muscovites-motorists. “The tunnel will significantly relieve the north-western roads of Moscow,” he said. “We remember that Alabyan Street was recently expanded. The completion of this reconstruction, along with the launch of the tunnel, will greatly simplify traffic on the section of the North-Western Expressway from Leningradskoye Highway to Marshal Zhukov Avenue.” The whole chord, Sobyanin is sure, will be completed within two years. And its already open sections have reduced the tension on the roads of the Northern and North-Western districts in some places by 30%. Environmentalists also note a significant reduction in exhaust emissions - after all, cars no longer stand in traffic jams for many hours.

By the way, the head of the city also announced the completion of the construction of a flyover at the intersection of Volgogradsky Prospekt and Volzhsky Boulevard. It was one of the busiest destinations in the southeast of Moscow. With its launch, the transport problems of more than 400,000 residents of Tekstilshchikov, Zhulebin and other districts of the city will be solved, the mayor noted.

Another tunnel will be added to the diamond long-term construction - the Alabyano-Baltic tunnel.

Residents of SZAO expect another transport collapse and environmental disaster.

A new enchanting project from Marat Khusnullin, the Moscow City Hall and the infamous NPO Kosmos company, the North-Western Chord, will be decorated with a tunnel along the street. Civil uprising.

In addition to the most expensive long-term construction - the Alabyano-Baltic tunnel, on which about 70 billion rubles have already been slammed (no one knows the exact figure), it was decided to build another tunnel, on the street. Civil uprising. The Winchester Tunnel at the intersection of Berzarin and People's Militia Streets is designed to improve intra-district communications. Apparently, having removed the "extra" U-turns, and depriving the area of ​​the necessary U-turns and exits, the designers are waiting for miracles.

If they tried to explain the appearance of the Alabyano-Baltic monster somehow: “we will connect two streets”, then the meaning of the emergence of another tunnel is explained vaguely and in general terms: “ The new overpass, 786 meters long, will make it possible to eliminate congestion at intersections and organize intra-block traffic more efficiently.

Traffic on it will be organized in three lanes in each direction. Two U-turns will be built - one at the intersection with Berzarina Street, and the second under the Sandy Overpass. Some traffic lights will be removed.»

What does "more efficient" mean? "Your eyelashes will become 11% longer and thicker" ? I must say that even without loud statements and reconstructions, U-turns exist and provide nothing less than the connectivity of the areas near the Molodezhnaya and Krylatskoye metro stations with Oktyabrsky Pole, Shchukino and Sokol.

But let's take a closer look at the babble about transitions: some transitions are just a traffic light and a pedestrian crossing between Berzarina Street and Oktyabrsky Pole. Opposite the Zebra store is one of the most needed intersections in the microdistrict.

As it became known from sources close to NPO Cosmos, the underground passage (which was promised to residents at hearings and meetings with the population) cannot be built. Here is such a fart monocle! Too many communications interfere, as well as a strategically important high-voltage cable, which was either touched or almost touched by the builders. If the underpass is built as planned, please kindly let us know so that we don't worry.

Without a crossing at the Zebra, the Shchukino and Khoroshevo-Mnevniki districts will turn into a monstrous no-crossing zone. Muscovites will have to walk hundreds of meters just to cross the road either on Berzarina Street or near the Oktyabrskoye Pole metro station. It is also not clear how the usual U-turns at the intersection near the metro will be carried out?

It will be impossible to turn onto Berzarina Street to the odd side of the street, to houses No. 3/1, 3/2, 5, 7/1, 7/2, 9, 11 by car. We'll have to wave a couple of kilometers back and forth just to turn around.

To make a through passage along the courtyard near the houses means to turn the courtyard along the street. Berzarin to another transit route. All those who are hungry and thirsty to go around will rush from the 3rd Khoroshevsky passage through the courtyard and it will be impossible to live in the microdistrict.

Also, in most apartments along Narodnoye Militia Street, the old windows were not replaced with new ones - soundproof, although builders are required to do this by law. When asked by citizens, they answer: there is no money. Although they had to change the windows en masse. Where did the money go? Where are the windows? After all, construction had already begun on April 20, 2013?

Practically trifles of life it seems that the pedestrian zones along Narodnoye militia street are disfigured and broken.

In some places the roads are dug up, in some places the asphalt is broken, in rainy weather it is generally impossible to get through due to continuous puddles to public transport stops.

It is surprising that the dug-up streets, pits and potholes are covered up by anything found by the builders in the nearest garbage heaps. Here and there they threw pieces of iron, and an old, broken door.

Most likely, a lot of money has been allocated for the improvement of pedestrian zones during construction!

I would like to mention in a separate line the impudence of the workers and their foremen - they hammer and hammer at any time of the day or night. Mosgosstroynadzor reported that the builders did not have permission for night work. However, nothing is heard about the fines of NPO Cosmos. In response from the supervisory authority, it is reported that if the facts are repeated, they will be fined.

Every day, residents turn to the police about the violation of the law on silence by the builders. And yesterday they scored at one in the morning, and today after 22.00. Space wanted to spit on both the residents and the arrivals of the police, because what can she do, the police, then?

More than once I met workers in a drunken state, who were at the construction site. In change houses at the construction site, in violation of all the rules, there are tiles and kettles on which food is prepared. Builders, up to their ears in sand and fuel oil, right in overalls, go to the nearest Pyaterochka and Zebra stores to buy goods, dirty those who did not move away from them in time.

Without hesitation, construction equipment is parked in parking lots near residential buildings.

No matter what the astronauts do, they get away with everything: a truck crane that fell into the Alabyano-Baltic tunnel, and a lamppost with live wires littered directly on the cars. The maximum is a fine. Absurd, but the checking gentlemen answer me that “fallen truck cranes at a construction site are a common thing,” and letters come from the police that “some inconvenience” due to driving piles at night is normal. That is, violation of the law on silence is not punished in any way, Cosmos is the sacred cow of the Moscow construction complex.

Workers periodically block the pedestrian zones along the People's Militia, then the only passage on the street. Berzarin. Once, an ambulance could not get to the patient, and the car with doctors was waiting for the unloading of building blocks.

When the pipes were brought in, water flowed from the hoses for several days, washing away the soil and creating mud on the road where people walk.

Curse those who designed the chord, and old grandmothers. They will have to put up with a change in several of the usual routes of buses and trolleybuses. Attention grandma!!! The route of bus No. 26, the one that goes directly to the city polyclinic No. 173, will change. How? Try to find out about this in the Prefecture of the SZAO.

They try to talk about changes in public transport routes less often, a very slippery topic, because the affairs of the Moscow authorities do not fit in with talk about working for the benefit of residents.

In the place of sleepy office clerks, satisfied with their salary, a car on credit for trips to the dacha and bowling on Saturdays, I would worry right now how we will all get by public transport to Oktyabrsky Pole and Shchukinskaya, if suddenly there is a traffic jam on vaunted chorda?

Now public transport easily gets from Molodyozhnaya and Krylatskoye to Sokol. You can perfectly drive from one area to another, and turn towards the "Shchukinskaya". After the launch of the Alabyano-Baltic Tunnel, the scheme of urban transport traffic on the bridge on the street. Alabyan is vague and uncertain. Will trolleybuses go to the circle on the Sokol, and if so, how?

If the traffic in its former form no longer remains, how will residents get from one area to another and to the Sokol metro station? Where is the promised improvement in the "connectivity of the districts"?

All the planned changes only contribute to the difficulty of movement between districts and the deterioration of the situation with transport accessibility. Where is that most comfortable city, about which the capital's TV channels broadcast so much?

In the future, the five-minute distance from the house to the Oktyabrskoye Pole metro station will need to be covered, overcoming various obstacles on the way. Where is the city convenient for residents, if the entire city residential street was allowed to be destroyed, and thick smog is already hanging in the air, visible to the naked eye?

On Tukhachevsky Street, instead of normal crossings, they are going to build an ugly above-ground monster for all eternity. After this, the words from the lips of Moscow officials about a comfortable city sound like a mockery!

And one more important point - until now, the construction of the North-Western Expressway is going nowhere. That is, the inhabitants did not see any permits for the construction of a road through the Mnevnikovskaya floodplain. And I would very much like to know where the 8-lane highway will go next, resting on the 6-lane bridge? For a long time nothing has been heard about the plans to build a science city in Skolkovo, but we have heard about plans to tie the chord to the planned Moscow-St. Petersburg highway.

Dedicated lanes for public transport along the SZKh are not designed. At least I have not heard about them, and even asked questions on this topic to the prefect of the SZAO Vladimir Goverdovsky and deputy prefect Prishchepov. In response, I heard an indistinct babble that our movement against the People's Militia would be simply wonderful.

Total: at the moment, it is planned to worsen the situation with the movement of residents within the district and a lot of obstacles and overruns for public transport. But the first and most important condition for a comfortable city is the convenience of pedestrians.

"FROM Now a temporary bypass road is operating in the area of ​​​​Narodnogo Opolcheniya Street." Perhaps these crooked narrow passages are just her? A new temporary, bypass road?

And how temporary is such a bypass road? The Alabyano-Baltic tunnel has been under construction for 8 years and the end of the region is not visible. The whole secret is that NPO Cosmos will build indefinitely, because the longer the construction drags on, the more budget money will be pumped. This is a very profitable business, to build forever.

NPO Kosmos was even sued by the Arbitration Court this year, demanding that the company be declared bankrupt. The application was withdrawn, but the sediment remained: how can a probable bankrupt build the most expensive objects in Moscow, and even win tenders for the construction of new ones?

And of course, on the street of the People's Militia there will be not three lanes in each direction, but four. Good uncles from Deptrans are always bashfully silent about one more lane on each side for turns. Given the lack of traffic on the future route, the authorities are preparing the residents of Moscow for another predicted transport collapse this year.

Metro station "October field". Ruin. They promised to complete the construction of the section of the North-Western Expressway by December 2013. Everyone laughed, no one believed. And they laughed right. A month later, the poster was replaced by the next one, that the opening was postponed to 2014. Now Khusnullin announced the construction of the tunnel before 2016. It's only the beginning.

It is surprising that the creators of the Northwest Expressway speak of temporary inconveniences. In fact, residents will forever receive a “nightmare on Elm Street”, the roar of a transit route under the windows 8 meters from their beds, and a traffic flow from which it is impossible to even approximately predict environmental damage.