Building Information Modeling (BIM) – translated into Russian: building information modeling. The abbreviation denotes a set of activities and works to manage the life cycle of a building, from design to dismantling. BIM technologies cover the design, construction, operation, and repair of a building or other structure.

What is BIM design

By filling out the form you agree to our privacy policy and consent to the newsletter

How BIM works

In practice, work on BIM goes through several stages:

1. Creation of an architectural 3D model of a building with all plans, views, sections necessary for the architectural solutions section. All components of the section are loaded automatically.
2. The designer enters the created model into a program that calculates the required parameters of the building’s constituent elements. At the same time, the program issues working drawings, bills of quantities, specifications, and calculates the estimated cost.
3. Based on the data obtained, utility networks and their parameters (heat losses of structures, natural light, etc.) are calculated and entered into the 3D model.
4. Upon receipt of the estimated volumes of work, specialists develop a construction organization project (COP) and a work execution project (WPP), and the program automatically draws up a work schedule.
5. Logistics data is added to the model about what materials and in what time frame must be delivered to the construction site.
6. Upon completion of construction, the information model can operate during operation of the facility using sensors. All modes of engineering communications and possible emergency situations are under control.

Benefits of implementing BIM

The use of BIM technology in construction implies an integrated approach at all levels of the construction process and has its own advantages at each level.

• 3D – visualization. Clearly informs investors, contractors, future residents, and inspection authorities about the condition of the property. Visualization is possible in various virtual systems (personal systems, VR glasses, CAVE - systems used for collective use).
• A 3D model is a centralized repository of all necessary data about a building. Allows you to quickly and efficiently make changes to design decisions, tracking the result in all interconnected projections.
• The use of BIM approaches in design significantly reduces the time required to prepare project documentation.
• The use of BIM technology reduces the likelihood of errors by identifying inconsistencies in engineering systems and communications within the design framework, and not during the construction or commissioning process.
• Visual calculations of building structures, development of engineering complexes using existing databases of standard structures and components.
• Management of work modes in real time, control over key indicators and compliance with work deadlines on any scale.
• Possibility of automatic uploading of survey and test results, design documentation and reports in electronic form at the request of the controlling organization.
• The ability to automate construction equipment management processes using design parameters entered into the machine.
• Possibility of data management. By changing the financial parameters of the project or labor costs in the specification catalogs, you can adjust the cost indicators of construction.
• Creation of a database of contractors, centralized management of accounting calculations, contracts, control over construction development programs.
• The introduction of BIM technology in design reduces cash costs and reduces the time it takes to put a building into operation.
• A building designed and constructed using BIM technology can easily be rented out or sold on more favorable terms than a building built using traditional methods and technologies. This is explained by the fact that it is easier and more efficient to operate a building with a ready-made operational model. If the GREEN BIM product was used when creating the model, then the cost of heating the facility will be lower.

One of the main advantages Вim design– obtaining comprehensive compliance of the parameters and operational characteristics of the constructed building with the Customer’s requirements.

Software for implementing BIM models

There are many software solutions that implement BIM modeling in construction. They can be paid or free, many allow cloud storage of BIM models and remote access. The most popular among them:

• AUTODESK REVIT. Provides simple and effective design of architectural solutions, utility networks and building structures. In demand in planning, design, construction, operation of facilities and their infrastructure. The program supports cross-industry design for teamwork. Imports, exports and links data in multiple formats (including IFC, DWG and DGN).
• For joint modeling, Revit Server is used, which organizes a common information space for cooperation with investors, contractors, and customers.
• ARCHICAD. Uses Virtual Building™ technology to simulate a building. It has a set of universal tools for modeling, creating working documentation, supports import, export, and visualization functions. Makes it possible to perform tasks individually or in a team, exchanging data with subcontractors.
• Tekla Structures. The product is used for working with metal structures in large-scale projects. Provides teamwork, information exchange and interaction between dozens of companies. Allows control over work processes and supports design automation.
• Tekla BIMsigh. Free professional software for organizing collective modeling of a construction project. Improving the quality of design work is achieved by: combining information models of an object created by specialists of different specialties, tracking inconsistencies between project elements, and ensuring effective interaction between participants.
• MagiCAD. The tool is based on the AutoCAD and Revit platforms and uses a modular design approach. It is distinguished by the creation of a high level of automation in the design of internal engineering systems. It is used in constructing spatial models, creating specifications, carrying out engineering calculations, and drawing up reporting documents. It has an excellent database for building utility networks with technical characteristics and a set of parameters.
• AutoCAD Civil 3D. The product is used in the design and production of documentation for infrastructure facilities. Supports visualization and analysis functions. The ability to collaborate coordinates the interaction of participants and resolves issues related to operational issues when designing infrastructure.
• Allplan. In demand for solving problems in the design of reinforced concrete structures. Is a BIM platform. Calculates site plans taking into account time costs, prices and quality.
• GRAPHISOFT, BIM – server. Required to support Teamwork, which gives simultaneous access to a project to a group of clients. Uses a network connection for several ARCHICADs that are clients for this system. Allows you to collaborate on large files. The main advantage of this server application is the ability to query, merge, filter BIM data.
• Renga Architecture. Domestic software product. It is easy to use and contains the function of using tools in three dimensions. It is a single platform for designers and architects. It has extensive capabilities for exporting and importing data into various formats. The program saves the received data in .ifc, .dxf formats, making it possible to use two-dimensional and three-dimensional results at all stages of collaboration on a project.

Tools for assembling a unified information model

The question remains: how can we ensure that architectural and engineering programs work together? In this case, the ability to interconnect different models and support the data exchange format is required. The issue is resolved by using the OpenBIM product.

OpenBIM represents the concept of a universal approach to project creation, construction and operation of objects, based on open standards and processes. This uses an open data model buildingSMART.

OpenBIM doesn't just create interoperability between program files, it supports interoperability at the workflow level. The best option for implementing the OpenBIM concept is considered to be the use of IFC - a file format that works to exchange data between various software products.

Conclusion: There are many ways to assemble a single BIM models. Virtual modeling requires a predictive approach, a look at several moves ahead. It is necessary to initially imagine how parts of the model, made using various programs, can then be assembled into a single working complex. For the case of assembling a model consisting of elements developed in various programs that have their own file formats, there is a federated model. In this case, the assembly of a single model from programs is performed in a special assembly program: Autodesk NavisWorks, Tekla BIMsight, etc.

Join over 3 thousand of our subscribers. Once a month we will send to your email a digest of the best materials published on our website, LinkedIn and Facebook pages.

Information modeling technologies in Moscow

2019

Moscow will switch to BIM in the design of government procurement facilities

The city authorities will switch to using BIM in the design of government-ordered objects in three stages by the end of 2019. The head of the department for implementing information modeling technologies of the Moscow Construction Department, Mikhail Kosarev, spoke about this in December.

According to Kosarev, Moscow is already demanding the use of BIM technologies when designing multi-apartment residential buildings, social infrastructure (kindergartens, schools, clinics) and administrative and business complexes. However, there are still a number of restrictions. In particular, the OKS created in BIM should not include more than two buildings with a total area of ​​no more than 50 thousand sq. m. m. There are also restrictions on the area of ​​built-in parking (if available) - no more than 15 thousand square meters. m.

The second stage of the transition to BIM is scheduled for July 1, 2020. From this date, the city will begin to require the use of information modeling in the design of fire stations and police departments. Also, the number of BIM objects will include area OKS of engineering infrastructure. These are pumping and compressor stations, local treatment facilities, gas control points, heating points, transformer and distribution points.

The third stage is scheduled for September 1, 2020. The city authorities will also include BIM design of road network facilities and all utility networks in their requirements. Finally, from January 1, 2021, linear metro facilities and transport hubs will also be added to this list.

2018

BIM technologies will begin to be taught in colleges in Moscow

For future modern designers and architects, the usual drawing board and paper drawings are no longer enough. In the last decade, all designers have switched to using computer programs. They make it possible to bring any customer’s wishes into reality, to apply new trends in building design, interior decoration, and landscape design.

The innovative approach will ensure the development of design thinking for engineering and technical students, noted Alexander Arionchik, director of the Moscow College of Architecture and Urban Planning. “The presence of a 3D modeling and prototyping laboratory in a modern Moscow college allows us to achieve results at every stage of training. The involvement of students in the process allows them to effectively master new technologies and software products (specialized CAD programs) for modeling, design and engineering, carry out individual and group projects, conduct effective preparation for technical olympiads and competitions, and easily integrate into innovative approaches to teaching,” said director of the college.

2017

Moscow will transfer construction expertise to BIM from 2019

In mid-October, it was reported that the capital’s authorities approved a “road map” for the implementation of BIM technologies in the construction complex. The document outlined in detail the stages of “full-scale preparation for the use of BIM” until the beginning of 2019. Moskomekspertiza has been appointed as the coordinator for the implementation of the plan.

“The plan creates a detailed algorithm for work in this area. We tried to provide for all the necessary measures: from the creation of a design office in the structure of the construction complex to the development of information modeling classifiers and requirements at the design and examination stages,” commented the head of the department, Valery Leonov, on the document.

A plan for introducing BIM technology in Moscow has been approved

“If we talk about the short term, a number of regulations and requirements will be developed that take into account the specifics of the capital, which will allow us to take the first steps towards introducing new technology. The launch of “pilot” projects - capital construction projects - is planned for 2017-2019 in order to test the use of technology for capital construction projects,” the official noted.

Now the department’s efforts are concentrated on developing a standard for the use of BIM technologies on Moscow construction sites. In the near future, according to Leonov, a number of regulations and requirements will be developed that take into account the specifics of the capital's construction complex. After the newly created standard is tested on real objects, it can be recommended for use in the regions, which, in turn, will make it possible to create a unified state standard for BIM in Russia, concluded the head of Moskomekspertiza.

In his opinion, only by completely transferring government orders to BIM will it be possible to create conditions for the full and effective use of this technology by all industry participants. “The practice of working together with designers and developers shows that the most advanced of them have already invested in the implementation of this technology, with the prospect of increasing their competitiveness in the market. But they cannot fully use the technology (with all the advantages), since the state customer works slightly differently,” Leonov explained.

BIM in Russia

2019

Construction will switch to BIM in 2020

The construction complex of St. Petersburg is switching to the use of BIM technologies

The Ministry of Construction will invite regions to create competency centers in BIM

On October 29, 2019, it became known that the Ministry of Construction intends to involve regional authorities in the development of information modeling technologies in Russia. The ministry recommends that the constituent entities of the Russian Federation create competence centers in BIM, said its deputy head Dmitry Volkov. According to the Ministry of Construction, the first such centers should appear in 2020.

According to him, BIM centers should combine the relevant competencies in the field of examination, construction supervision, as well as in the activities of regional customers of construction work. Such structures need to actively interact with educational institutions and business, says the deputy head of the Ministry of Construction.

A number of Russian regions have already made active progress in the implementation of information modeling, Volkov added. Among them, he named Yekaterinburg.

Earlier, Russian Railways announced the creation of a Competence Center for the implementation of information modeling technologies in construction. A representative of the state monopoly announced this on October 9, 2019. The purpose of creating the structure is called “increasing the efficiency of infrastructure construction.”

The Ministry of Construction unites the forces of the professional community to introduce BIM technologies in construction

The technical committee for standardization TC 465 “Construction” and the project technical committee for standardization PTK 705 “Information modeling technologies at all stages of the life cycle of capital construction and real estate projects” are joining forces to introduce BIM technologies in the construction industry.

Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart) dated July 12, 2019 No. 1660 “On amendments to the order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated June 20, 2017 No. 1382 “On organizing the activities of the technical committee for standardization “Construction” » the merger of technical committees was implemented by integrating PTK 705 into the structure of TC 465. The corresponding order was published on the Rosstandart website.

The consolidation of the forces of the professional community at the TK 465 site will create a single center of competence necessary for effective work on the implementation of BIM technologies in construction, emphasized Dmitry Volkov, Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation.

“The changes made to the composition and structure of TC 465 are aimed at improving and developing standardization work in the field of construction, in particular in the field of BIM technologies. It is expected that full members of the disbanded PTC will be part of the specialized subcommittee of TK 465 - PC 5 “Life cycle management of capital construction projects”. Consolidating the forces of the professional community on one site will definitely increase the efficiency of work on implementing BIM technologies in the construction industry,” said Dmitry Volkov

.

According to the Deputy Minister, uniting the forces of the industry’s professional community is an important step in the implementation of comprehensive work to introduce information modeling in construction.

The concept of information modeling is enshrined in the Gradcode

The Urban Planning Code officially enshrines the concept of information modeling. The corresponding law was signed in June 2019 by President Vladimir Putin.

According to the document, the information model of a capital construction project is “a set of interrelated information, documents and materials about a capital construction project, generated electronically at the stages of engineering surveys, architectural and construction design, construction, reconstruction, major repairs, operation and (or ) demolition of a capital construction project.”

According to information on the department’s website, work is now underway to create a unified state digital platform, which will be integrated with state information systems for supporting urban planning activities of the country’s subjects and state information systems. A unified information space will ensure “seamlessness” not only of the technological process of creating a building, but also of industry regulation.

Russia does not need a 100% transition to BIM - President of RAASN

A complete transition to information modeling technologies in design and construction in Russia is not necessary. This assessment was expressed by the President of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences and the former chief architect of Moscow, Alexander Kuzmin. His words were quoted in May 2019 by Rossiyskaya Gazeta.

According to him, many beautiful buildings have been created in the capital using traditional design technologies. Preparing architectural projects “in 2D” and using the usual drawings is not so bad, the president of the RAASN concluded.

Schneider Electric will take part in the development of national standards for BIM technologies in Russia

On April 18, 2019 it became known that Schneider Electric, an international leader in the field of energy management and automation, signed a memorandum of cooperation with the Project Technical Committee on BIM Technologies (PTK705).

“The bill provides the legal basis for the implementation of a unified information management system for capital construction projects through the use of information modeling throughout the entire life cycle, taking into account all business processes, public administration functions and public services in the construction sector.

The amendments introduce the concept of “Classifier of construction information” into the City Code. According to the document, this classifier will be intended “to provide information support for tasks related to the classification and coding of construction information in order to automate the processes of engineering surveys, justification of investments, design, construction, reconstruction, major repairs, operation and demolition of capital construction projects.” It is assumed that the rules for the formation and procedure for maintaining this classifier will be established by the Ministry of Construction. And the operator of the system will be the ministry itself or its subordinate institution.

As stated in the explanatory note to the bill, the introduction of a construction information classifier will make it possible to extract a whole range of analytical data. Including:

2018

Digital transformation in construction by 2024

On September 18, 2018, it became known that the digital transformation of the construction industry, which involves the adoption and updating of regulatory and technical documents on BIM, the necessary changes in legislation and the creation of an industry digital platform, should take place within 5 years. The director of the Federal Center for Standardization, Standardization and Technical Assessment of Conformity in Construction, subordinate to the Russian Ministry of Construction, Dmitry Mikheev, spoke about the mechanisms for solving this problem.

The set of measures provided for by the Federal Project "Digital Construction", the development of which was announced by the head of the Russian Ministry of Construction Vladimir Yakushev, should ensure the digital transformation of the industry by 2024. When switching to digital construction, it is expected that the costs and time for construction of objects built at the expense of the budgets of the Russian Federation at all levels will be reduced by about 20% in just 5 years. And the reduction in time from making a decision on construction to commissioning is up to 30%.

Digitalization of construction involves the automation of all stages and procedures throughout the entire life cycle of a facility.

By 2020, it is planned to complete work on an all-Russian classifier of construction information and develop a standard for digital normative and technical documents in construction; in 2021, the translation of normative and technical documentation in construction into a digital (machine readable) format will begin, which will allow the formation and maintenance of a fund of digital normative and technical documents documents in construction.

Putin instructed the Cabinet of Ministers to ensure the transition to BIM from July 2019

Also, methods will be developed and approved for calculating, using digital technologies, the marginal costs of performing work and providing services necessary for the design, construction of facilities and operation of buildings and structures, checking the reliability of these costs as part of the audit of investment justification.

In particular, standards for the construction of modern and efficient housing and modern real estate will be developed. In the second quarter of 2020, information about digital models of buildings and structures created as a result of the use of information modeling technologies will be classified as technological data. At the same time, the requirement to store such information on the territory of Russia will be legally established.

BIM technologies will become mandatory for government agencies

Requirements for calculation methods used in the interests of government agencies and state corporations will also be developed and approved, taking into account the requirements for import substitution and the availability of information for inspection bodies.

In the second quarter of 2021, a legislative obligation will be introduced for government agencies and state corporations to independently carry out the design of buildings and structures, as well as to purchase relevant work and services for the creation of construction projects only on the basis of BIM technologies. In particular, the procurement documentation will need to include the need for appropriate digital models.

By the end of 2022, all government agencies will carry out the construction of buildings and structures using digital modeling technologies. Based on the experience of implementing construction projects with the participation of state and municipal budgets at all levels, measures will be developed and implemented to encourage developers to design, construct and operate buildings and structures, as well as purchase relevant work and services for the creation of construction projects based on the use of BIM technologies .

Thanks to the proposed measures, by the end of 2024, the share of designed real estate objects undergoing checks for compliance with requirements and standards without human intervention will be 9% of the total number of designed objects. And the share of real estate objects being built using information modeling technologies will be 80% of the total number of real estate objects under construction.

Remote inspection of construction personnel

Another direction of the document is to increase the efficiency of construction and operation of buildings and structures. To this end, at the beginning of 2019, an analysis will be carried out of the possibilities of introducing systems for remote pre-shift inspection and remote monitoring of the health status of personnel during the construction of buildings and structures, as well as during the operation of elements of intra-house infrastructure.

An analysis of the possibilities and effects of introducing digital systems for monitoring, analyzing and predicting breakdowns of intra-house infrastructure will also be carried out. By the end of 2019, a requirement will be established for the mandatory implementation of systems for remote pre-shift inspection and remote monitoring of the health status of personnel during the construction of building structures, as well as during the operation of hazardous elements of intra-building infrastructure.

Mandatory integration of facilities under construction with Sistema-112 and KSEON

At the beginning of 2020, all developers will be required, when designing planned capital construction projects, to provide for the integration of existing regional and/or municipal solutions of the 112 System and the Integrated Emergency Notification System for the population about the threat or occurrence of emergency situations (KSEON).

By the end of 2020, systems for economic monitoring, analysis and forecasting of breakdowns of intra-building infrastructure (elevators, pipelines, etc.) for buildings built using information modeling technologies will be introduced in 10 cities. At the same time, integration of these systems with digital platforms for urban resource management will be ensured.

By the end of 2021, all constructed real estate objects that are accepted by the state commission and transferred to the state balance sheet will be integrated with regional or municipal solutions of System-112 and KSEON.

Thanks to the proposed measures, by the end of 2024, injuries on construction sites will be reduced by 15% compared to 2018. All housing construction projects built using information modeling technologies will be equipped with systems for monitoring, analyzing and predicting breakdowns of intra-building infrastructure. And the share of operated real estate and housing and communal services facilities that have a digital twin model will be 60% of the total number of operated objects.

Registration of real estate transactions in electronic form

The third direction of the document is to increase transparency in the construction, rental and sale of real estate. To this end, at the beginning of 2019, an analysis of the “best global practices” will be carried out in terms of obtaining construction permits and conducting real estate transactions using digital technologies. A regulatory possibility will also be established to verify the integrity of participants in a real estate transaction in electronic form using information from government information systems.

Based on the results of the above analysis, “pilot” projects will be launched in five cities to obtain building permits using digital technologies. In the second quarter, completely remote registration of temporary registration at the place of stay in electronic form will be provided.

A simplified tax regime will also be introduced for citizens renting out one piece of real estate (apartment) using electronic forms of interaction.

It is expected that by the end of 2020, through the use of digital technologies, the duration of permitting procedures will be reduced to the level of “best global practices” and the possibility of obtaining and using all necessary documents and information for a real estate transaction in electronic form will be ensured. And by the end of 2024, the number of rental and purchase and sale transactions of real estate concluded electronically will be half of the total number of transactions.

New joint ventures on BIM have come into force

The name of the first: “Rules of exchange between information models of objects and models used in software systems.” The document describes the basic requirements for the creation and operation of information systems that interact with each other throughout the entire life cycle of a building or structure.

The second joint venture was called “Rules for the formation of an information model of objects at various stages of the life cycle.” Basically, these rules are aimed at improving the validity and quality of design decisions, as well as the level of safety during the construction and operation of buildings and structures.

Another set of rules will come into force on June 16, NOPRIZ recalled. This is SP 328.1325800.2017 “Information modeling in construction. Rules for describing the components of the information model." The document contains requirements for components of information models of buildings and structures, but does not concern digital libraries of these components.

Previously, the Ministry of Construction reported that the system of regulatory and technical documents on BIM will include a total of 15 national standards (GOST R) and 10 sets of rules. Of these, 13 GOST R and 4 SP will relate to fundamental (basic) areas, the rest - to individual stages of the life cycle. Currently, 7 GOSTs and 6 joint ventures are already in effect in the field of information modeling.

2017: The government approved the “road map” for BIM technologies

According to the press service of the construction department, the approved document provides for the development of national BIM standards at the stages of design, construction, operation and demolition of buildings, as well as bringing regulatory and technical documents and estimate standards used in construction in accordance with the classifier of construction resources. The plan also involves expanding the functional purpose of the federal state information system for pricing in construction in the direction of operation and demolition of capital construction projects.

“The use of BIM technologies is a new era in the construction and operation of buildings. And this is not only 3D modeling, it is also a calculation of the complete life cycle of a structure, including its disposal. In the BIM model of a future building, you can “sew up” not only the characteristics of materials and processes, but also information on purchases, deliveries and the timing of future repairs,” commented Mikhail Men, adding that only at the stages of design and construction the use of BIM technologies makes it possible to reduce costs by 20%.

Initially, the roadmap for BIM technologies was planned to be approved by September 1, 2016. At the same time, its latest edition, discussed in February 2017 at a meeting of the Government Expert Council, became the subject of sharp criticism from the expert community. “The peculiarity of this version of the roadmap is that a significant place in it is devoted to the issues of pricing in operation (9 points out of 14) without reference to the topic of information modeling,” noted the general director of the Competitor company following the discussion

I like

7

When we first encounter a new concept BIM, then the following BIM definition is always given (Building Information Modeling or Building Information Model)- building information modeling or building information model. This concept does not reveal any specifics, so I will try to explain this term in simple words.

BIM– a method of managing the entire life cycle of a structure based on the provision of its digital physical and functional characteristics. The concept of the method implies an ideal, clear linkage of all ongoing processes between all participants.

Key aspects of BIM:

1. The base is a 3-dimensional digital model of the structure, in which all participants interact throughout the entire life cycle, from the conceptual stage to demolition. A change in the model by one of the participants will be immediately visible to everyone else, i.e., there is a decrease in the likelihood of data loss, the occurrence of collisions, and an increase in the speed of decision making.

2. Transparency of procurement, estimates, work deadlines, as well as prompt receipt of information on the progress of construction.

3. Information for cost calculation must be available. To do this, it is necessary to have a specification with current article numbers for all designs, materials, and equipment used.

4. Information for calculations for the structure should be easily extracted from the 3D model. All structures, materials, and equipment used in the model must have physical properties and technical characteristics.

This method is revolutionary in the construction industry and provides us with the opportunity to optimize all stages of the life cycle. Examples can be given for each stage. One of them is design. Previously, in CAD technology, we created drawings that conventionally symbolized an object, since a 2D format was used. Now we are talking about a digital prototype, rich in information about the future object. You can make decisions much more objectively when everything is together, in one model, and not in different sections, as was previously the case.

The concept of BIM appeared in the 1980s in the USA. And it did not become widespread until the 2000s. The main catalysts for the growth in popularity were software developers: Autodesk (Revit) and Graphisoft (Archicad). The increased popularity of these software gave new impetus to the development of BIM in the United States and then throughout the world.

In Russia, work is also underway to introduce this method. Key dates:

• December 29, 2014. Adoption of a plan for the phased implementation of information modeling technologies in the field of industrial and civil construction
• April 12, 2017. A roadmap for the implementation of information modeling (BIM) technologies at all stages of the “life cycle” of a capital construction project has been approved. This document was signed by Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government Dmitry Kozak. It outlines the action plan from 2017 to 2020 (adopting new laws, orders, sets of rules, etc.)

The question arises whether the domestic construction industry will be able to switch to using information modeling methodology by 2020.

So far, many experts are expressing doubts. The argument was the experience of introducing the methodology in other countries (USA, England, France, Germany, etc.), where there is still no widespread implementation there. The most successful experience is in England, where the transition occurs in a “centralized” manner, the fundamental document being the BIM mandate. In the Russian Federation there are still no new laws, codes of practice, standards regulating work with BIM, as well as a unified library of materials. All this is a huge amount of work that remains to be done in the course of implementing the road map.

BIM implementation programs in Moscow and St. Petersburg

Situation at the end of 2017. In Moscow, all new objects under the Renovation program were required to be carried out using the BIM methodology, and active work in this direction is already underway.

Representatives of the state expertise of Moscow and St. Petersburg are also working on the transition to BIM, training employees, and creating new standards, which will most likely reach the federal level in the future. But for now everyone is waiting for changes at the legislative level. That is, designers, when submitting documents for examination, use BIM models only as additional information and are forced to waste time providing documentation according to the old model.

It is reported that the new standards will be ready in the spring of 2018 and will initially be applied to “pilot” projects (“Renovation”), and with successful experience - to the creation of facilities using budget funds.

BIM software and format

The vast majority of BIM practitioners are committed to Revit software. And also to the data transmission format - IFC, which does not depend on the software used. There are a huge number of programs and applications specializing in BIM, but their use is local. Each company selects software to suit its individual needs and tasks.

Mar 9 2016 13:11

BIM technology, which until recently seemed like something out of science fiction, is gradually but steadily entering our lives. Like everything new, BIM very quickly (even faster than the implementation itself) becomes overgrown with legends, rumors and speculation, sometimes having nothing to do with reality. The purpose of this article is to help the reader understand all this and clearly understand the main thing that makes up the essence of BIM technology.

In modern conditions of design, construction or infrastructure activities, it has become almost impossible to effectively process by previous means the huge (and steadily increasing) flow of “information for thought” that precedes and accompanies work with “man-made” objects. And the result of this work is also rich in information that must be stored in a form convenient for use.

Such an information “challenge” from the modern world around us required a serious response from the intellectual and technical community. And it followed in the form of the concept building information modeling.

Having initially emerged in the design environment and having received widespread and very successful practical application in the creation of new objects, this concept, however, quite quickly stepped beyond the framework established for it, and now building information modeling means much more than just a new method in design.

Now this is also a fundamentally different approach to the construction, equipping, maintenance and repair of a building, to managing the life cycle of an object, including its economic component, to managing the man-made habitat that surrounds us.

This is a changed attitude towards buildings and structures in general.

Finally, this is our new look at the world around us and a rethinking of the ways in which humans influence this world.

What is meant byBIM

Building Information Modeling(from English Building Informational Modeling), abbreviated BIM is process, as a result of which is formed building information model(from the English Building Informational Model), also given the abbreviation BIM.

Thus, at each stage of the information modeling process we have a certain resulting information model that reflects the amount of information about the building processed at that moment.

From this definition it follows that a comprehensive information model of a building does not exist in principle, since we can always supplement the model existing at some point in time with new information.

The process of information modeling, like any action carried out by a person, at each stage solves some tasks assigned to its performers. And the building information model is each time the result of solving these problems.

If we now move on to the internal content of the term, today there are several of its definitions, which in their main semantic part coincide, while differing in nuances. It seems that this situation is caused primarily by the fact that different specialists who contributed to the development of BIM came to the concept of building information modeling in different ways, and over a long period of time.

And building information modeling itself today is a relatively young phenomenon, new and constantly evolving. In many ways, its content is determined not by the theoretical conclusions of selected “gurus”, but by everyday global practice. So the process of developing the BIM concept is still very far from its logical conclusion.

Until now, some people understand the BIM model as result of activity , for others BIM is modeling process , some define and consider BIM from the point of view of practical implementation factors, and some generally describe this concept through its negation, explaining in detail what “not BIM” is.

Without going into a detailed analysis, it can be noted that almost all of the listed approaches to defining BIM can be considered equivalent, since they consider the same phenomenon (technology) in design and construction activities.

In particular, any model assumes the presence process its creation, and in turn any creative process presupposes result .

Moreover, the existing “theoretical” differences in the nuances of definitions do not prevent any of the participants in the discussions around the concept of BIM from working fruitfully once it comes to its practical application.

For those interested, we can inform you that a fairly detailed analysis of various approaches to defining information modeling is given in the book of one of the founders of BIM, Charles Eastman and colleagues, “BIM Handbook”.

Now let’s formulate definitions that, from the author’s point of view, most accurately reveal the very essence of the concept of BIM. We will repeat ourselves in some ways, but I think this will only benefit the reader.

So, building information modeling(BIM) is process, as a result of which at each stage it is created, developed and improved building information model(also BIM).

Historically, the abbreviation BIM has been used in two cases: for the process and for the model. Typically, there is no confusion because there is always context. But if the situation nevertheless becomes controversial, we must remember that the process is primary, and the model is secondary, that is, BIM is, first of all, a process.

Building Information Model(BIM) is structured information about a designed, existing or even lost construction project, designed to solve specific problems and suitable for computer processing, while:

1. properly coordinated, harmonized and interconnected,
2. having a geometric reference,
3. suitable for calculations and quantitative analysis,
4. allowing for necessary updates.

If we talk about working with a building during its life cycle, then the building information model is a certain database about this building, controlled using an appropriate computer program (or a set of such programs). This information is primarily intended and may be used for:

1. making specific design decisions,
2. calculation of components and components of the building,
3. predicting the operational qualities of an object,
4. creation of design and other documentation,
5. drawing up estimates and construction plans,
6. ordering and manufacturing of materials and equipment,
7. building construction management,
8. operation management throughout the entire life cycle of the facility,
9. management of a building as an object of commercial activity,
10. design and management of reconstruction or renovation of a building,
11. demolition and disposal of the building,
12. other purposes related to the building.

This definition is most consistent with the current approach to the BIM concept of many developers of computer design tools based on building information modeling.

The relationship between old and new approaches to design.

The approach to the design of buildings through their information modeling involves, first of all, collection, storage and complex processing in the process of designing all architectural, design, technological, economic and other information about a building with all its interrelations and dependencies, when the building and everything related to it are considered as a single complex.

Correct definition of these relationships, as well as accurate classification, well-thought-out and organized structuring, relevance and reliability of the data used, convenient and effective tools for accessing and working with available information (data management interface), the ability to transfer this information or the results of its analysis for further use in external systems are the main components that characterize building information modeling and determine its further success.

And plans, facades and sections, which previously dominated the design process, as well as all other working documentation, visual images and other types of project presentation, are now assigned only the role of private results this information modeling.

True, the results are still familiar to us, and therefore allow experienced designers to quickly assess the quality of the work done and, if necessary, make the required adjustments to the project.

One of the main advantages of information modeling is the ability to work with the entire model, using any of its types. In particular, the plans, facades and sections familiar to designers are again excellent for these purposes, although the new generation of users already prefers to work immediately in 3D.

Someone in such a situation may see an obvious contradiction - by moving away in design from flat projections to an information model, we retain the right of flat projections to form this model.

I think there is no contradiction here. You just need to take into account the following circumstances:

1. Building Information Modeling Is Coming not instead classical design methods, but is development the latter, therefore logically absorbs them, especially in the “transition” period.
2. Unlike the classical approach, working through flat projections is an accessible and familiar method, and therefore convenient for many. But this - not the only one method of working with the model.
3. With the new design method, working with flat projections ceases to be “purely drawing” or “geometric”; it becomes more informational, since flat projections actually play the role of a kind of “window” through which we look at the model.
4. The result of design using the new methodology is model(we can say that now this is a project), and a bunch of drawings and documentation (that is, what was previously considered a project) is now just one of the forms of presenting this model. By the way, some examination bodies, for example Mosgosexpertiza, have already begun to use the information model, although in addition to the classic set of paper documentation, BIM has not yet received legislative recognition in our country.

If you look closely, it is not difficult to see that with the concept of building information modeling, fundamental design decisions, as before, remain in the hands of humans, and the “computer” again performs only the technical function assigned to it for search and storage, special processing, analysis, output or transfer of information, but at a higher level.

But there is one more, no less important difference between the new approach and previous design methods, and it lies in the fact that the increasing volume of technical work performed by a computer is already of a fundamentally different nature - to a person himself with such a volume in the conditions of an ever-decreasing time allocated for design, can no longer cope.

At the heart of the conceptBIM- unified information model.

A unified model of the object under construction is the basis of BIM, which is an essential condition for any implementation of this technology. In this case, a single model is understood as complete and agreed information necessary to solve a specific information modeling problem.

In 2008, the 308-meter skyscraper One Island East, designed in one year and built in two years, was commissioned in Hong Kong, becoming a global example of the use of BIM technology (more details about it are described in the book “BIM Fundamentals”).

In particular, his unified information model was used to find all the inconsistencies and collisions that appeared during the design of this complex building by a large team of various specialists. According to the general contractor, Swire Properties Ltd, during the work on the project, about 2,000 such errors were promptly discovered and corrected. In the Digital Project program used at that time, as in the vast majority of modern BIM systems, the search for collisions is a consequence of the consistency of information and occurs automatically, but their elimination, naturally, is the work of a person.

Rice. 1. Designed in a year and built in two years, the One Island East skyscraper perfectly demonstrated another strong point of BIM - cost savings. Instead of the planned 300, it cost $260 million.

It should be noted that at the design and construction stage, a unified building information model, including architecture, structures and equipment with all the attributes, is not something particularly outstanding, but a completely normal and easily implemented phenomenon, accessible even at the educational level. Only using a single model of a building can one carry out full calculations of its characteristics, as well as generate specifications and other necessary working documentation, plan the flow of funds and the supply of components to the construction site, manage the construction of the facility and do much more.

However, BIM technology, like everything new in general, is quite naturally surrounded by various rumors and misconceptions, the most typical of which are discussed in the book. But here, too, life does not stand still, and a certain part of specialists began to have some misunderstandings about the principle of a single model, which can significantly interfere with the implementation of BIM. Sometimes, as a result, there are even profound statements like: “A single model is good, but its time has not come yet!”

Of course, new rumors and misconceptions are an indicator of the increasingly active arrival of information modeling in our practice. But, please note, these misconceptions, distorting the essence of the new technology, can interfere with its implementation. In those organizations where BIM is skillfully used, such “controversial” issues no longer worry anyone, everything is clear there and everything works.

Rice. 2. The intersection of load-bearing structures and air ducts is a vivid example of working without using the principle of a single model.

Today, there are three main misunderstandings or misconceptions associated with a single model, and all of them quite naturally reflect the “fears” of those who have not yet “got into BIM”.

Misconception number one: some people mistakenly think that a single model is one (common for all) file.

This misunderstanding is often coupled with the even stronger misconception that BIM is some kind of computer program that “does everything by itself.”

In fact, a single model file or a connected set of such files is already a way of organizing work with a model in a specific BIM program or a complex of such programs, which is also determined by the resources of computer equipment and the peculiarities of the relationship between project performers, and simple ability to work in the field of information modeling plays a role there is a very important role here.

Typically, parts of the model that belong to different subject areas can be stand-alone files. For example, it makes no sense for an electrician to see all the loads and connections of building structures in his file; it is enough for him to imagine the structures themselves (their dimensions). In addition, large projects generate huge information models, working with which as a single file already presents considerable technical difficulties. In such cases, the creators of the model forcibly divide it into parts, immediately organizing them correct docking. This is a common practice for current IT technologies, due to the level of development of modern computer equipment and programs.

On the other hand, with a small volume of a single file and taking into account the specifics of the tasks being solved, there is often no need to artificially divide this file into parts. For example, in the example below, the common file comprehensively represented a single architectural and design model of the temple, after some preventative cleaning it had a volume of 50 MB and was well processed on a regular computer.

Rice. 3. Evgenia Chuprina. Project of an Orthodox church in Novosibirsk. The work was done in Revit Architecture, 2011.

In other situations, directly related to the volume of information, the internal logic and complexity of the object force designers to have many files in a single model. For example, the following project for underground development (7 floors deep) and general reconstruction of Sverdlov Square in Novosibirsk contained 48 files directly forming a single model, and about 800 family files inserted into this model. Dividing this model into consistent logical parts also made it possible to work quite efficiently with the project on a regular personal computer.

Rice. 4. Sofya Kulikova, Sergey Ulrich. Reconstruction project of Sverdlov Square in Novosibirsk. The work was done in Revit Architecture, 2011.

As already noted, the specific technology for working with a unified information model is determined both by the content and scope of the project itself, and by the software used, as well as by the user’s experience, and usually allows for many options.

If with small projects everything is simple - you can work with one file (with software suitable for its versatility, of course), then large works, even if they are performed on the basis of one modeling program, are “doomed” first to be divided, and then to be “stitched” » parts into a single whole. Moreover, this “stitching” must be correct in order to obtain consistent information, and not a set of disparate “drawings in electronic form.”

Some BIM programs, for example Bentley AECOsim Building Designer, immediately record a single model in several thematically separated associated files to solve this problem. Other programs leave this up to users to implement.

Sometimes you can hear the opinion that when doing information modeling, you need to take the program that does this section best to complete each section of the project, and then somehow put it all together. Of course, it’s good if, as a result of the merger, you have an information model against which you can at least check for collisions. But more often than not, this unsuccessful “putting together” nullifies the entire effectiveness of information modeling - parts of the project, completed in different programs, may simply not be combined into one consistent model.

To avoid getting into this situation, we must remember that computer modeling, especially BIM, is like a game of chess, where you have to think several steps ahead. In particular, when working with parts of the model, you must immediately clearly imagine how it will later come together into a single whole. If you don’t imagine this, don’t think about BIM and work in AutoCAD; in classic “computer-aided drawing” this program has never let anyone down!

Those who think a few steps ahead have long ago practically discovered that a single model can be assembled in many ways, and that in particularly complex cases this even creates some specialization among employees. Moreover, the theory of BIM also does not stand still - special terminology has already appeared to explain the “origin” of a single model in cases where (for various reasons) information modeling is not single-platform.

For example, federated model(federated model). This model is created through the work of various specialists, most often in different programs with their own file formats, and the assembly of the general model is carried out in special “assembly” programs (such as Autodesk NavisWorks, Bentley Navigator or Tekla BIMsight).

In this case, the parts from which the model is assembled do not lose their independence, and changes made to them can only be carried out through the program that generated them and do not automatically lead to changes in other components of the model. The federated model can be used for general actions (visualization, specification, collision detection, etc.).

Today, the federated model is one of the fairly common options for constructing a unified information model for complex objects. This approach characterizes the “early” period of BIM development (according to the British classification - BIM Level 2) with work in “motley” software. I think “this will go away over the years.”

Rice. 5. Ekaterina Pichueva. Checking collisions in Autodesk NavisWorks when joining several parts of a model. 2013.

Another variant - integrated model(integrated model). Such a model is assembled from parts made (more precisely, saved) in open formats such as IFC. This approach is consistent with the OpenBIM concept, but it also does not provide a high degree of association between the different parts of the model.

Separately worth mentioning hybrid model(hybrid model), which combines both three-dimensional elements and associated 2D drawings or text documents (the latter are increasingly being replaced by web links to primary sources). The hybrid model is a very common phenomenon and is gaining momentum, since it makes the modeling process, regardless of which path it takes, quite rational.

For example, if an organization has a long-developed album of standard nodes that are used in the project, then there is no need to convert all these nodes into a three-dimensional form (model) and “overload” the common file with them; it is enough to simply put a link (hyperlink) to the necessary landscape sheets (the sheets themselves can be used in vector or even raster format).

Another example is documentation for engineering equipment. It is almost always a multi-page text document that cannot be “modeled”, so it is simply attached with links to the corresponding elements of the main model.

Among the typical representatives of the hybrid family one can also name models of historical and architectural monuments. Thus, recently at the Department of Historical Informatics of Moscow State University a unique work was carried out to virtually recreate the appearance of the Passion Monastery in Moscow (http://www.hist.msu.ru/Strastnoy/). Information modeling in this case was carried out “with a historical bias” - the reconstructed external appearance of buildings was required, first of all, to be historically accurate, which was confirmed by attached links to documents. At the same time, the internal filling of the buildings was not the subject of the study, but if desired, it can be added at the next stages of modeling.

Rice. 6. The information model of the Passionate Monastery created at Moscow State University is a unique opportunity to compare history with our time. Let us remember that the monastery itself was almost completely destroyed in 1937.

1. If the model can not be divided into parts, then it is better not to do this, but to immediately work with the common file.
2. If dividing the model cannot be avoided, then it is better to use the option of a central file and local copies for each user, thus organizing the joint work of many users on one project.
3. If this does not work (for example, architects and electricians require different file templates), then you must also use external links.
4. If external links online are also problematic (for example, the performers of parts of the project are located in different cities or work at different times), then get ready to “stitch together” parts of the model using specialized programs.
5. If you cannot work at all in one software (or in a single file format), then you will also have to “stitch together” parts of the model in specialized programs, and be prepared for the loss of some part of the information when merging and its subsequent “manual” restoration.
6. If you have reached this point, having skipped the five previous ones as not suitable, then forget about BIM and draw in AutoCAD, or invite several students trained in information modeling - they will do everything for you quickly and correctly.

And one more thing - we must remember that the methods for obtaining a unified model are very dependent on the software that is used in the organization. And here we should give preference not to those programs in which employees are accustomed to working, but to those that simplify the creation of a unified model.

BIM technology for information modeling of objects (Building Information Modeling) is a development of the computer-aided design (CAD) system generally accepted today. The main difference from the latter, in addition to three-dimensional drawing, is that the model has a database containing detailed information about the technological, technical, architectural, construction, estimate, and economic characteristics of the object. Depending on specific requirements, the database can be supplemented with legal, operational, environmental and other information.

PrinciplesBIM design

The postulates of information modeling or BIM design, which formed the basis of the modern approach to the development of design documentation, were identified and applied during the reconstruction of Heathrow Airport Terminal 3 in the late 80s by the developer of software systems for Autodesk and Bentley Systems, Robert Eisch. He named the basic principles of BIM:

• designing an object in three-dimensional space;
• the ability to automatically issue drawings and specifications;
• presence in the model of all design data of the object;
• intelligent parameterization;
• the ability to simulate the construction process with reference to time and budgeting.

By combining all sections and decisions of the project in a single multidimensional space, the manager can see the results of construction before it begins. When talking about BIM design, along with the generally accepted term “3D visualization”, “4D” and “5D” are often used. This literally means expanding the number of spatial dimensions that are provided by linking the model to the construction schedule and the estimated cost of the facility.

World development experience

As noted above, the development of information modeling systems abroad has been going on since the 80s of the last century. One of the leaders and founders of the movement was Autodesk, whose achievements served as an impetus for the creation of an alliance for the interaction of various graphics platforms.

The Alliance of Interoperability includes 12 major software developers, including Autodesk (Revit, Autocad), Tekla, Graphisoft (Archicad), Trimble (Sketchup) and others. For correspondence between different platforms, the open specification IFC data format is used.

Today, almost all famous architects and design studios work with BIM design technologies. In accordance with analytical studies, the use of modern approaches in design and construction makes it possible to achieve tangible savings in terms of construction and installation work, the cost of construction and operation of facilities.

For example, during the construction of the Museum of Art in Denver according to the project of D. Libeskind in 2006, thanks to the created model of interaction between contractors linked to the network schedule, the overall implementation time was reduced by 14 months. Significant results were achieved through the implementation of BIM during the construction of a higher music school in Miami designed by Frank Gehry in 2008.

According to research by McGraw-Hill Construction, the level of involvement of US and Canadian design bureaus in BIM technologies in 2007 was 28%, in 2009 – 49%, in 2012 – 71%. In the United States, the American National Bureau of BIM Standards, created under the National Institute of Building, is engaged in a systematic transition to information modeling.

In many European countries, the introduction of advanced BIM technologies is carried out by targeted actions of the authorities. In particular, in the UK, back in 2010, an action plan was approved, according to which, starting from 2016, all government-funded construction projects must be developed in accordance with BIM standards. In addition, recession trends in the EU economy have created conditions for design and construction organizations to search for new, more efficient approaches to performing work. With a forced reduction in the number of project participants, BIM technologies turned out to be an effective way to survive.

BIM: advantages and opportunities

So, the term BIM design today means an information model of an existing or planned facility, the distinctive features of which are:

• interconnectedness and consistency of all elements;
• the ability to add, change, analyze and predict development;
• binding to real time and place;
• access for simultaneous work by specialists in various fields and the ability to combine their technical solutions in a single space.

The main advantages of using BIM follow from this definition. The advantages of modeling include:

• the ability to automatically create high-quality design and estimate documentation;
• no errors in drawings, dimensions, specifications, estimates;
• up-to-date information on the performance and cost indicators of materials;
• visual clarity facilitating the adoption of optimal technical solutions;
• ease of management of construction and operation of the facility;
• availability of up-to-date data for the possibility of reconstruction, technical modernization and demolition of buildings and structures at the end of their life cycle.

An important component of the innovative BIM approach is the possibility of visual modeling of the construction process itself, during which each of the specialists participating in the project can track the implementation of the technical solutions laid down by them and their interaction with related partners. When modeling the operation of an object, it is possible to observe the operation of the equipment provided for by the project and draw conclusions about the satisfactoriness of its parameters.

ImplementationBIMin the domestic construction industry

Speaking about the implementation and prospects for the development of information modeling in Russia, it is necessary to highlight several main factors that influence this process. On the one hand, there are a number of companies interested in development, which, by promoting BIM technologies at their sites, strive to be at the forefront of construction technologies.

On the other hand, there are centralized government programs aimed at a gradual transition to more progressive design and construction systems. At the same time, there are certain forces and circumstances that hinder these positive processes. Let's look at each of these points in more detail.

Who promotes technologyBIM designin Russia

One way or another, most designers and builders have heard at least something about information modeling. For many, BIM design is associated primarily with three-dimensional design. At the same time, things often don’t go beyond the realization that new technology is the future. However, today the domestic market already has a core of interested companies that are actively promoting the introduction of innovations.

One of the pioneers in the use of BIM in Russia is the Design Bureau of High-Rise and Underground Structures (St. Petersburg). Using modeling methods, the bureau has developed over 70 objects of varying degrees of complexity. Among them are complex projects for the Mariinsky Theater stage, a 120-story skyscraper in Azerbaijan, a shopping center in Minsk and others.

One of the largest domestic developers, Morton Group of Companies (Moscow), uses BIM technologies not only to optimize construction and installation work, but also to plan the entire life cycle of constructed objects. One of the company's pilot projects was the construction of a kindergarten.

The Etalon group of companies (St. Petersburg) has currently implemented an information modeling system at all of its construction sites. Active supporters of the implementation of BIM technologies are foreign companies that have their representative offices in Russia. Among them are NCC (Sweden), YIT (Finland) and a number of others.

State regulation and examination

The program for introducing construction information modeling was approved by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation in December 2014. In accordance with this document, technology development consists of the following stages:

• development of 23 pilot BIM projects. The models are currently undergoing examination;
• examination of pilot projects and analysis of results. Completion date - until the end of 2015 (work in progress);
• development of a BIM classifier containing about 70 thousand names of building materials;
• creation of a list of regulatory frameworks that need adjustment when introducing information modeling by the end of 2015;
• adjustment of building codes and regulations - during 2016;
• starting from 2017 - a mandatory requirement for the use of BIM when implementing part of government design orders;
• starting from 2018 – the Ministry of Construction will provide recommendations on the use of BIM technologies by construction contractors;
• further increase in the percentage of modeling in the design and construction of facilities.

Currently, within the framework of pilot BIM projects, interaction between their developers and experts is being established. Since April 2015, the state examination, along with classical technical documentation in paper form, has also accepted models of objects for consideration. For these purposes, the state structure has trained specialists on staff, as well as equipped workplaces. The main tool for designers and experts is currently the Revit Autodesk complex.

Features of implementationBIM design technologiesin Russia

When studying the issue of implementing BIM technologies, most often one comes across positive reviews and a detailed description of the advantages of a more advanced system. However, among domestic specialists (designers and builders) there are also a sufficient number of skeptics. And there really are reasons for a negative perception of the process.

Despite the unified approach to the basics of BIM proclaimed by software developers and the free exchange of information between the platforms of Autodesk, Bentley, Tekla, Graphisoft and others, it is not possible today to actually fulfill this condition without losing a significant part of the data. In essence, a design organization that has adopted a particular software package becomes a hostage to its manufacturer.

At this stage of development, in many cases there is no established connection between calculation systems and visual construction of the model. It is very problematic to fit information about defects in building structures of existing buildings and structures that require repair and strengthening into a single BIM system. Therefore, today there is no need to talk about a comprehensive process of object modeling.

A certain skepticism is also caused by the statement that sets of working documentation are “cut” automatically from the finished model without the participation of the “human factor”, and the possibility of errors in this process is minimal. The practice of using the same Revit Autodesk indicates the need for significant “manual” modification of drawings in terms of bringing them to SPDS standards. Users claim that the out-of-the-box version of the software requires significant time spent customizing it to suit their needs, creating their own databases, stamps and forms.

Despite the assurances of the developers, the use of BIM technology is not justified in all cases. Building an information model is a rather labor-intensive and time-consuming process that can be justified in large-scale projects. Developing the design of small objects using BIM will simply increase the time and cost of completing the work. Apparently, in order to justify cases of ineffective use of technology, developers are actively promoting the idea of ​​​​using the model at all stages of the life cycle of an object, right up to its demolition.

In addition to these pitfalls, the process of implementing BIM in domestic design and construction organizations faces the following problems:

• high cost of switching from CAD systems to information modeling. Often, enterprise management does not realize the need to use licensed products and specialized personnel training;
• negative reaction of company employees when additional responsibilities are imposed. In most cases, the process of training specialists in modeling occurs during non-working hours and without additional payment;
• reduction in labor productivity and loss of time when developing pilot projects in the BIM environment.

Working under sanctions and import substitution

It just so happens that in addition to the internal problems of introducing advanced technologies, designers today are also influenced by foreign political factors. By and large, having invested a considerable amount of money and labor in its development based on imported technology, the organization may be left with nothing.

In this regard, the Ministry of Construction is considering proposals from three domestic software developers as part of the import substitution project. Requirements for potential applicants are to ensure full compatibility with global BIM technologies and support the implementation of the software product among design and expert organizations.

conclusions

To summarize the above, it can be noted that:

• the development of BIM technologies is a logical and irreversible process of evolution of design and construction technology;
• Along with the undoubted advantages, the process of introducing information modeling in Russia has a number of pitfalls, the presence of which cannot be ignored;
• the implementation of BIM systems must be approached selectively, taking into account the characteristics of a particular project. The all or nothing approach is not correct. In some cases, CAD systems are more effective, and the use of BIM can be carried out in a limited form (for example, three-dimensional modeling).