Hamlet, ENFJ (approximately 5% of the American population)
ENFJs are known for their love of people. First among their priorities are
relationships with people, caring for others. ENFJs love life and are aware of their
involvement in everything that surrounds them.
They are often idealistic and loyal to their values. ENFJs are usually
devoted to what deserves their respect. They are energetic, often exalted,
but at the same time, with a sense of responsibility, they consciously and persistently achieve their goal.
ENFJs are naturally self-critical. However, they respect feelings
people around them and rarely criticize in public. They are acutely aware of how
behave in a given situation and themselves are distinguished by impeccable behavior.
They have a certain charm, know how to present themselves and create a favorable impression.
impression; gets along with people easily. They have an even character, they are tolerant of others and
They don’t like to create tension around themselves. They know how to behave diplomatically. This
born leaders who are popular. They are contactable and know how to clearly
express their thoughts and usually use this gift.
ENFJs often make decisions based on their personal feelings about the situation.
situations, sometimes ignoring the actual state of affairs. They are interested not only
obvious phenomena, but also their possible consequences, as well as to what extent these
the consequences may affect other people.
Extremely organized by nature, ENFJs prefer to live in an orderly environment.
the world and expect the same from others. They feel good when all problems are solved, even if
they themselves do not take part in these decisions.
ENFJs are benevolent, empathetic, and a source of strength and support.
those around you. They understand people well, have a sense of responsibility and
caring about others. As a rule, they prefer to see in other people only
positive traits.
Possible weaknesses
ENFJs are so empathetic and caring about others that they take risks
take their problems and experiences too close to heart. Sometimes they're head over heels
They go into business that is not worth the time and energy spent. When something is not
it turns out that they are very shocked and disappointed. This may lead to
that they withdraw into themselves, believing that they are underestimated. They need to realize their
their own shortcomings as well as the shortcomings of the people they care about.
They need to learn to choose their battlefield and not expect fantastic results,
and limit your expectations to what is reasonable.
needs and problems. Because of their desire to avoid conflict, they sometimes support
relationships that cannot be called fair or equal. ENFJs are so anxious
so as not to upset others, not to accidentally hurt their feelings that are not noticed
obvious facts in situations that require a critical attitude. For ENFJs
it is very important to learn not to shy away from conflict situations, if possible
cope with them, because this is an inevitable side of any human relationship.
ENFJs often jump into new tasks with enthusiasm and sometimes
wrong assumptions or make bad decisions - after all, they should think
there is no time, and they simply do not have time to collect all the necessary information. Need to
slow down, slow down, pay more attention to the details of your plan. After waiting and
Having received all the necessary information, they will save themselves from possible mistakes.
Increased attention to emotions can lead to them escaping
logical consequences of your actions. If ENFJs try to pay attention
only to people, but also to facts that may influence their decision, it will benefit them
only for the benefit.
ENFJs take positive feedback well, but criticize it
they bear their address painfully and as a result may give the impression of being touchy,
easily vulnerable people. Even the most innocent criticism or kind criticism
They perceive motives as a personal insult, often become indignant and angry. Their
reactions are sometimes so unexpected that others may think
completely absurd. In such cases, the ENFJ should stop, take a step back,
try to look at the situation objectively, and then give free rein to your feelings.
If ENFJs try to hold back their emotions, important and useful messages will reach them.
information contained in any constructive criticism.
ENFJs, in their idealism, tend to see the world not as it is, but as it is.
I want to see him. They idealize relationships between people and thus put
putting yourself in a vulnerable position. They try to turn a blind eye to the facts that
contradict their beliefs.
ENFJs who don't learn to face unpleasant facts end up
because instead of solving their problems, they let everything take its course. To sum up
Having said that, it can be argued that ENFJs need to keep more than just their
hearts, but also eyes.
Dostoevsky, INFJ (Approximately 1% of the American population)
INFJs are residents of the land of ideas. They are independent, they think originally, strongly
feel, have strong principles and an integral nature.
INFJs believe in their own ideas and conclusions, despite being skeptical
others. They obey their gut instinct, which they value above opinion.
they see deep meaning in things and actions. They also highly value their insights,
even if others do not share their enthusiasm.
INFJs are idealistic and dedicated to an idea. With calm persistence they
ensure that their ideas are accepted and put into practice. IN
In people they respect the integrity of nature. Their determination sometimes reaches such a degree that
which turns into stubbornness. Through the strength of your convictions and the desire to act
for the benefit of others, INFJs can become outstanding leaders. Their activities are often
receives recognition from society and various honors.
INFJs strive for harmony and agreement and try to convince people that they are right. They
attract people to their side not with shouting and threats, but with approval and praise. INFJ
conflicts.
INFJs generally enjoy solving difficult problems. The more difficult the task, the
She captivates them more. They usually think carefully about their actions and so
go deep into some problem that for some time they can’t do anything else
study.
INFJs are able to empathize and sympathize with others and are driven by a strong desire
contribute to the common cause. They are sensitive to the interests of others and often
They get along very well even with difficult people. INFJs themselves can be
deep, complex personalities. They can be closed at the same time and always
ready to open their souls to those they trust; be very vulnerable and possess
strong character. As a rule, they give only to a small circle of old friends
warmth and love.
Possible weaknesses
Because INFJs tend to get caught up in their ideas, they can sometimes be impractical.
or neglect small details that are boring but require attention. Paying
more attention to real details, INFJs are more likely to be able to realize their creative
Devotion to their principles can develop tunnel vision in them. They can
stubbornly resist change and refuse to change a decision once made.
Sometimes they tend to ignore facts that do not support their position, or
resist ideas that conflict with their values. They may turn a deaf ear
objections of others only because they consider their position indisputable. INFJ would be
It is useful to look at yourself and your activities from the outside, as if with different eyes.
Sometimes INFJs can be too intransigent when defending their point of view. They all
They strive for perfection and are sometimes too sensitive to criticism.
Despite the fact that people of this type are strong-willed, they often do not know how to behave in
conflict situations and, if the conflict cannot be extinguished, there are strong
disappointed, even to the point of disappointment. The more objectively the INFJ approaches
themselves and their relationships with others, the more they protect themselves from
such troubles.
Huxley, ENFP (Approximately 5% of the American population)
ENFPs are full of enthusiasm and new ideas. Optimistic, spontaneous, confident
themselves, creative natures, they have an original mindset and a keen
sense of perspective. ENFPs view life as an exciting show.
ENFPs have a strong interest in a variety of events and phenomena and
They try not to close off any prospects for themselves. They are receptive and vigilant
observers, from whose attention nothing escapes that does not fit into the
the framework of the ordinary. ENFPs are inquisitive; they prefer to comprehend rather than judge.
Endowed with a rich imagination, able to adapt to circumstances,
lively, quick-witted ENFPs value inspiration above all else, and often
They make talented inventors. They are often nonconformists. Nobody
He doesn’t see them better, how something can be done in a new way. ENFPs open up new paths for
thoughts and actions... and they leave them open.
ENFPs rely on their impulsive nature to bring their innovative ideas to life.
energy. They are extremely proactive and enthusiastically take on new solutions.
tasks. They are charged with energy from communicating with people and successfully combine their
talents with the strengths of others. ENFPs are charming and full of vitality. TO
They treat others with sympathy, delicacy and warmth and are ready for everyone
to help. They often show miracles of insight and sensitivity and
help others achieve their goals. ENFPs try to avoid conflicts
prefer to make as many new acquaintances as possible and a lot of effort and time
spend on maintaining personal connections.
Possible weaknesses
ENFPs come up with new ideas easily, but often find it difficult
focus on one thing, and sometimes they feel confused before
the need to make a decision. They see so many different
options and opportunities that make it difficult to choose the best. Often they go far
not the best choice or trying to do several things at once. Having learned more
carefully choose the point of application of their energy, ENFPs will save themselves from wasted
waste of time, effort and talents.
When starting any business, ENFPs are primarily interested in solving the very first task.
or inventing something new. They love to use their creativity
ability to the most important and complex aspects of the problem, after which they often lose
she's interested. Lack of self-discipline prevents them from finishing what they started. People
ENFP types take on a lot, but do not complete everything. Written plan
work would help them not to be distracted from the main task.
Generally, ENFPs are not very well organized people. They would be very
useful to learn how to properly manage your time and organize your
activity. They usually do very well if they work in conjunction with
more practical partners. Moreover, this form of work is the most common
suits me because ENFPs don't like to work alone for long periods of time.
ENFPs are not very interested in small details. They themselves light up from the game
your imagination and perspective to create something original, and therefore not
burden themselves with collecting the necessary information to carry out this or that
project. Often, instead of making a plan or doing preparatory work, they simply
improvise, starting literally from scratch. Because of this, ENFPs are at risk of never moving forward.
from the stage of a “brilliant idea” or, having started the task, never finish it.
Restless and impatient, they are more likely to put aside some
uninteresting little things and will move on to something new or unusual. ENFPs act
It’s much more effective if you look closely at reality and
objective impressions are collected. Then their inventions and innovations become
great practical value.
Yesenin, INFP (Approximately 1% of the American population)
INFPs value inner harmony most of all. Sensitive, dreamy,
devotees, they are extremely jealous of their subjective values, and
often their actions are motivated by deep personal faith or devotion to the ideal
which they consider worthy.
INFPs are interested in developing what is already known. They concentrate energy on
your dreams, imagination; are open-minded, curious and
insightful and often able to look far ahead. In everyday life
they usually show flexibility, tolerance, adapt well to
circumstances, but are always extremely firm in their inner convictions and
They place very high - almost unrealistic - demands on themselves.
Serving ideals and principles fills almost the entire life of INFP people. If they
do something, they plunge headlong into this activity - and, despite the fact that
They take on a lot and somehow manage to accomplish it all.
They understand other people well, are responsive, have compassion and are very careful.
relate to other people's feelings. They avoid conflicts and never impose their own
opinion of others, unless we are talking about their values and ideals. INFP is easier
express your thoughts and feelings not orally, but in writing. They can convince
defend your values.
INFPs rarely reveal the full depth of their emotions and often come across as
reserved and calm people. However, in the company of friends they are capable of being
relaxed and very sensitive. INFPs value friendships, but don't make too many.
a lot of acquaintances. They value very highly those who understand their values and ideals.
Possible weaknesses
Since logic is not an INFP's priority, they sometimes misinterpret
interpret facts and are not aware that they are behaving inconsistently. When
dreams are too detached from reality, others may perceive them as
people with quirks. INFPs would do well to listen to more opinions.
practical people.
Due to their commitment to their own ideals, INFPs sometimes ignore other points
view and exhibit a certain conservatism. The reality around them
are not particularly interested, and often during their studies they do not notice that
happening around.
INFPs often think about their idea for much longer than necessary to
start any project. In their quest for perfection, they can polish and
it takes so long to polish off ideas that nothing is ever learned about them. This is dangerous
trend, as it is extremely important for INFPs to find a way to express their ideas.
To avoid the risk of disappointment, they need to work on themselves and more
focus on practical activities.
INFPs take their endeavors so personally that they become too vulnerable
for criticism. They place too high demands on themselves. It may
cause them to doubt their abilities when in fact they
able to achieve a lot. If they fail, they sometimes see the whole world in black
color. INFPs should try to develop a more objective view of themselves and
environment, so as not to be so defenseless both before criticism and
disappointment.
INFPs try to please many people at the same time, so they may encounter
difficulties by defending an unpopular position. They avoid criticizing others
it's hard to say no. If INFPs don't directly show their negativity
relationship, opponents may unwittingly get the impression that they agree with them,
and this will cause misunderstanding. INFPs need to develop more of themselves
determination, self-confidence. If they learn necessary and honest criticism, it will
will only benefit them.
Jack London, ENTJ (Approximately 5% of the American population)
ENTJs are outstanding leaders and have no equal when it comes to decision making. They are clear
see the consequences of events and options for their development and are ready to lead others.
These are talented thinkers and great planners of far-reaching plans.
Due to the fact that ENTJs are analytical people, they are especially good at
demonstrate their abilities in areas where a sharp mind and common sense are required.
Striving to be first in everything they do, ENTJs easily notice
vulnerabilities in any situation and find a way to eliminate them. They prefer
improve the system rather than leave everything as it is. ENTJ people enjoy
special pleasure in solving complex problems and striving for excellence in those
areas that interest them. ENTJs value truth above all else and only listen
to logical arguments.
ENTJs constantly strive to expand their knowledge and take a systematic approach to
exploring new areas. They enjoy solving complex theoretical problems.
They are much more interested in the consequences than the present state of affairs.
Natural leaders, friendly and straightforward, ENTJs are able to take charge
control any situation in which they may find themselves. They are good organizers, so
how they have the ability to see far ahead and clearly explain their
representation. They prefer to adhere to rather strict and rigid principles in life.
rules and demand the same from others. They give their all to the cause and expect
that others will also work under such stress.
Possible weaknesses
Driven by the desire to quickly move on to the next task or more important goal,
ENTJs sometimes jump to conclusions. They should slow down from time to time
pace to collect all the necessary data and think through the consequences of your actions
both at work and in personal life. Action orientation forces them
get down to business immediately instead of stopping, double-check everything
facts and circumstances relevant to a particular issue.
Due to the fact that ENTJ people are guided by logic in all matters of life, they
by nature they can be tough, direct, impatient and indifferent to needs
and the feelings of others, if they do not see any logic in other people’s emotions. ENTJs can be
Great arguers, they can be difficult to get along with. Often they don't recognize
sensible advice from outsiders. Instead of criticizing everything, they
You should listen to the opinions of others and express gratitude to them for their participation.
ENTJ people need to make it a rule - take their time, listen to the opinions of others,
before rushing forward with your ideas. They should curb their desire
dictate your will to everyone and suppress everyone with your authority.
Objectivity in the perception of life does not allow ENTJ people to delve into emotions,
makes it difficult to show tolerance or empathy towards others. Because ENTJs don't give enough attention
attention to their feelings or do not express them, their emotions may get out of hand
control. This is especially dangerous if it seems to them that someone, and God forbid, dear
person will begin to question their competence. The most insignificant
it would seem that incidents are capable of causing an outburst of emotions in them, and these outbursts can
hurt loved ones. ENTJs will mess up much less, and they will also hurt themselves
There is less harm if they try to sort out their feelings. Having learned to express and
control your emotions at the same time, they will remain masters as a result
positions, and this is exactly what corresponds to their nature and what they constantly strive for
strive. Oddly enough, ENTJ people may not actually be like that.
experienced and knowledgeable, as their self-confident appearance may seem. Having accustomed
themselves to use the advice and help of others, they will only strengthen their personal
influence and achieve great success.
Robespierre, INTJ (Approximately 1% of the American population)
INTJs are people who strive for perfection in everything. In achieving their goals they
driven by an unquenchable thirst for independence, knowledge, as well as a strong belief in one’s
original ideas.
Logical, critical, and inventive, INTJs are capable of
see the consequences of any changes and, as a rule, ensure that
theoretical constructs have found concrete embodiment. They are demanding of themselves and
others, they try to burden not only themselves, but also those around them with work. There aren't too many of them
hurts other people's indifference or critical attitude towards oneself. INTJs are the most
independent of all personality types and prefer to always do things their own way. They
usually do not stop in front of obstacles. Someone's authority is in itself for them
doesn't mean much, they can only accept other people's rules if they see
them for the benefit of their main goal.
INTJs have an original mindset, the ability to penetrate deeply into the essence of things
and rich imagination, so they often take part in brainstorming sessions. They
theorists by nature and are excellent at operating with complex, global concepts. They
good strategists and, as a rule, clearly see all the advantages and disadvantages of a phenomenon or
Problems. In areas that are of particular interest to them, they can
prove themselves to be good organizers, deep and insightful. In your own
They can put all their strength, energy and perseverance into an invention or project. Many
They achieve success thanks to their determination and perseverance in achieving
Possible weaknesses
Excessive demands on themselves sometimes cause INTJs to overestimate their own and
other people's opportunities. They don't care whether their standards match those of others;
Only one's own standard matters. They don't care how they behave
will affect others. When making comments, they can afford to be rude. They are not
welcome others' attempts to challenge their views or express personal feelings towards them
attitude. Because they don't care too much about how they are treated, they may
It is a mistake to assume that others are equally dispassionate. They need to learn
accept the emotions of others and recognize that these emotions have a right to
existence. This way they can avoid judgment from others and unnecessary insults.
Because INTJs place too much importance on their own
visions and promising ideas, they may miss important facts, not notice
weaknesses of their ideas and delay their practical implementation. The more
facts will be in their arsenal, the easier it will be for them to convince others of practical
the meaning of new ideas. INTJs need to simplify their complex theories and learn
present them more clearly.
INTJs often prefer to work alone and sometimes neglect participation and
the help of other people. Outside advice will help them quickly draw conclusions about
practical suitability of the projects being developed.
INTJs will achieve great success if they decide to entrust non-essential work to someone else.
others, and they themselves will do only the most important things. This will help them overcome
excessive stubbornness and desire to take control of everything. Showing greater flexibility,
they will be able not to get distracted by trifles, to focus on the main thing, and as a result
society will benefit more from their innovations.
Don Quixote, ENTP (Approximately 5% of the American population)
ENTPs are not afraid of challenges and do not like to be bored. They are energetic and inventive, intelligent and
lucky, love to talk. They constantly strive to improve their
professional level and personal influence.
ENTPs are adventurous by nature. They are passionate about new things and don’t like to miss out on anything.
possibilities; very proactive and act under the influence of strong creative
impulses. ENTPs value their own inspiration above all else and strive to embody
life your original ideas. They are inquisitive, versatile, flexible,
receptive people, very inventive in solving complex practical and
theoretical problems.
ENTPs have a lively mind and openly express their opinions, quickly finding
vulnerabilities in any project or situation and often enjoy
your ability to put forward convincing arguments for or against. They have
Excellent analytical skills and able to think strategically. They
They can almost always give a logical reason for anything.
Most ENTPs like to test their inhibitions and often
come to the conclusion that many rules and restrictions exist only to
so that they can be changed, if not broken altogether. Sometimes they deny
generally accepted order of things, encourage others to ignore what is already
accepted rules and often fail to meet expectations. They love to live freely, they are looking for
variety in everyday situations and enjoy it.
In relation to others, ENTPs behave as their imagination tells them.
As a rule, they have many friends and acquaintances. ENTPs have a sense of humor and
radiate optimism. They are charming, often the life of the party, their enthusiasm
is passed on to others, and they often invite them to cooperate. ENTP is wrong
strive to give people their assessment of how to understand and adapt to them.
Possible weaknesses
Because ENTPs value creativity above all else, they may sometimes neglect
using conventional methods only because they are not original. Rejection of everything
true and standard results in the fact that important
details. Often they do not do the necessary preparatory work, but immediately
get to the main point. And as soon as the most basic problems are solved, they move on to
the next exciting task, without looking back at what has been done. People like this
like we should strive not to chase two birds with one stone, but to bring
started to completion.
ENTP people have a habit of talking like a machine gun, without giving the other person
insert not a word. They are straightforward and fair, but can be rude or
tactlessness, mindlessly criticizing others. They need to understand that feelings
those around you must be protected and respected, although it is not at all necessary to separate them.
ENTPs can be charming, funny, fun-loving, but sometimes insincere. Them
you should suppress the desire to adapt to others and play to the public. Them
You should sometimes reveal your true feelings to others.
The fact that ENTPs are reluctant to limit themselves to one activity is explained by
fear of missing out on other, more profitable and interesting opportunities. Their desire
catching on to several things at once can lead to the fact that it will not be possible to do them
rely and other people's plans will be in jeopardy. If ENTPs think more about
consequences of their actions, this will help them become more responsible and reliable.
The ENTP's innate liveliness and ability to anticipate events often leads to
that they sometimes mistakenly assume what the other person is going to say, and
interrupt him. If ENTPs calmly and carefully look at what is happening
around, listen to the suggestions and statements of others, this will help them
relieve yourself of reproaches for lack of tact and attention.
Balzac, INTP (Approximately 1% of the American population)
INTPs are those who engage in solving conceptual problems. This is the type
intellectuals who are characterized by a logical mindset and bursts of creativity
genius.
Outwardly calm, withdrawn, detached, INTPs are absorbed in the analysis of some
Problems. They are characterized by a critical attitude to reality, skepticism,
precision of wording. They try to find common principles for many of their ideas and
use them to explain your theories. They like to be present in their discussions
logic, prefer to touch on one specific topic and can argue until they get hoarse
for the sake of the argument itself. INTPs can only be convinced of anything by
logical reasoning.
Typically, INTPs are creative and original thinkers. They value their intelligence
energetically improve their professional level and are interested in advancement
professional skills of other people. What INTPs put first is not
is already known or obvious, and the opportunities that open up based on
achieved. They enjoy devising ways to improve things or
solving difficult problems. Their thought processes are extremely complex, it is easier for them
manages to systematize concepts and ideas on how to engage in organizational work with
people. Sometimes their theories are so complex that it is difficult for those around them
explain.
Highly independent, INTPs enjoy the speculative and contemplative.
activities. They tend to be flexible, have a broad outlook, and are interested in
searches for original, but at the same time sensible ways to solve problems, but not
how to implement these decisions in practice.
Possible weaknesses
Because INTPs rely only on logical analysis in everything, their attention
what matters to others may slip away. If something appears to them
illogical, INTPs are willing to reject it, even to the detriment of their own interests. Them
you should try to find out for yourself what is really important, and then it will be easier not to
allow yourself to be at odds with your true feelings.
INTPs, like no one else, are able to find weak spots in someone else’s idea, but are very stingy with
praise. They can get caught up in some little thing and prevent the whole project from moving forward,
because they don’t want to see a single contradiction. Their critical directness for
those around him can turn into ruthlessness, although without malicious intent. Them
you need to learn to be interested in what worries others.
Since INTPs are only interested in complex tasks, the routine steps that are inevitable in life
every job, they become impatient. They may lose interest altogether and even
abandon a case that consists of many small details or requires too much
close examination. If INTPs direct their energy not only inward, but also
externally, this will enable them to acquire enough practical knowledge to
make your ideas acceptable.
INTPs sometimes experience something of an inferiority complex when they try to
life to follow your own high standards and achieve excellence.
If they learn to share their feelings with others, it will help them make more sense.
a real and objective view of ourselves.
Stirlitz, ESTJ (Approximately 13% of the American population)
Nobody gets things done better than ESTJs. It is thanks to them that everything
spins and happens. You can rely on them, they treat their work conscientiously,
always fulfill their obligations. They love order in everything and remember a lot
details and can delve into any detail. They act strictly according to plan, as a result
which is what they achieve success.
ESTJs are driven by a desire to make decisions. Often these decisions are based on
their past experience. ESTJs are distinguished by a logical mindset, an objective view of
peace and analytical abilities, they also have the gift of persuasion. They listen
only to logical arguments.
ESTJs look at things realistically, are practical, and are not carried away by fantasies. What occupies them is
what really exists, what you can touch with your hands, and not abstract ideas and
theories. In general, what has no practical significance does not interest them. They
are well aware of reality, they are mainly concerned with the fact that
happens “here and now”.
In everyday life, ESTJs adhere to a certain set of rules, they
required and reliable. They tend to support traditions and are interested in
preserving already established institutions. They are consistent in
relationships with other people, although their own and other people’s emotions do not seem to them
just as important as other aspects of life. They are not embarrassed to evaluate others,
express their opinions out loud and are often supporters of strict discipline.
ESTJs are easy-going, sociable, open, and responsive. They are understandable to
those around you, because “what is in front of you is what really is.”
Possible weaknesses
Because ESTJs place strict ethical demands on themselves and others and
trying to impose their standard of behavior, they can create an impression of themselves
dictators. By being more flexible and open-minded, ESTJs can avoid being blamed.
in excessive severity.
While ESTJs have a knack for logic and objective analysis, they don't consider what
others will be influenced by a decision that is quite natural for them. They can
relate to both your emotions and the thoughts and feelings of others.
Critics by nature, ESTJs tend not to verbally express their praise for someone's
achievements and merits. It is advisable that they pay more attention
the talents and successes of those around them and were not afraid to express their approval to them.
Sometimes ESTJs get so caught up in their own business that they don't have time to stop and
listen to someone else's opinion. It is not in their nature to ask the “what if” question, and therefore from
The hidden meaning, the second level of what is happening, often escapes them. The easy way
“take off the blinders” - breathe, pause and give others a chance to speak.
ESTJs often jump to conclusions instead of thinking carefully.
think through the situation. They should learn to deliberately postpone decisions until
how all the necessary information will be collected, especially alternative
options.
Those ESTJs who can curb their desire to control everything and everyone who learn
see life not only in black and white, but in all shades - they will achieve more
flexibility and achieve greater success.
Maxim, ISTJ (Approximately 6% of the American population)
ISTJs are serious, sensible people with a sense of responsibility. On such
society holds on. You can trust them, they honestly fulfill their obligations. Their
the word is the law.
Practical ISTJs are matter-of-fact and meticulous. They are diligent, careful and methodical. They
have an unrivaled ability to concentrate. Whatever they are
were engaged, they will definitely bring the matter to the end, everything will be done in an organized and
reliably.. They are distinguished by clear, well-thought-out presentations, they are very
it is difficult to distract or cast doubt on what they are convinced of.
Calm and hardworking, ISTJs have a practical mind and a good memory,
especially in small things. They can convincingly justify their views and rely on
your experience when you need to make a decision. They highly value logic and objectivity.
analysis and know how to use them. They try to complete their tasks exactly on time.
They adhere to a certain system and order and are tolerant of those who
does not share their views.
ISTJs are cautious and traditional. They are good listeners and like clear and
clear wording. Their slogan is: “Say what you mean and mean what you say.”
ISTJs have an innate tendency to be alone and even in difficult times will remain
outwardly calm. These are people of duty, distinguished by constancy, but under their
a calm appearance can hide strong, although rarely discovered
Possible weaknesses
A common problem for all ISTJs is the tendency to get bogged down in small details and
daily turnover. As soon as they get down to business, they immediately lose flexibility and do not
willing to perceive a different point of view. They are sometimes skeptical about new
ideas if they do not see their immediate benefits. They need to think carefully
your plans from start to finish, paying attention to alternatives that
they might not have been taken into account before. ISTJs can improve their effectiveness in many areas
activities, if they take the trouble to broaden their horizons and consciously calculate
consequences of your actions.
ISTJs do not always understand the needs of other people, especially people who are different from themselves. Because of,
that they do not like to show their feelings, they can give the impression of people
cold and indifferent. They need to express out loud praise to others more often, rather than
keep your positive assessments to yourself.
Having a logical mind, ISTJs tend to demand the same from others. They
tend to impose their opinions on others and reject the views of less
persistent interlocutors. Sometimes they consider their opinion to be the only correct one and
more creative or innovative methods are dismissed. If they refuse
habits of rejecting untested or unconfirmed unusual methods, they
will develop greater tolerance towards people, and they themselves will be able to take advantage of more
effective options.
Hugo, ESFJ (Approximately 13% of the American population)
The driving force behind ESFJs is the desire to help people by solving problems.
specific problems. ESFJs have a sense of responsibility, they are friendly,
endearing.
ESFJs place great importance on harmonious relationships with others;
They are, as a rule, sociable, talkative, helpful, and know how to behave. They often
idealize the object of their admiration. ESFJs really need to be
noticed and appreciated, so they are extremely sensitive to indifference
or critical remarks addressed to you. They often make strong judgments
They are determined and like to see things through to the end.
ESFJs are practical, have a sober outlook on life, and are organized. They
are attentive to important information and small details, remember them well and do not
They love it when someone gets confused about facts. They reinforce their opinion or plan of action
personal experience or the experience of those who are completely trusted. They are clearly aware that
happening around them, they strive for active and useful activities.
A characteristic feature of ESFJs is conscientiousness, which is why they tend to be
bound" by a sense of duty and various obligations. They are the main support of any
organizations. Social connections are of great value to them, and they
try to maintain them at the proper level. They often outdo themselves in
trying to do something pleasant or useful for others and receive special
pleasure when you manage to settle troubles or organize a big celebration.
Possible weaknesses
avoid conflicts rather than resolve disagreements once and for all. Sometimes they pay
too much attention to the feelings of loved ones. When they are overwhelmed by worries, they may not
notice the obvious. It is advisable that they learn to resolve conflicts and
misunderstandings directly and openly, relying on your innate sensitivity, tact and faithful
tone even in the most difficult situations.
Wanting to please someone or provide a service, ESFJs often completely forget about themselves. Them
It can be difficult to say “no” or ask for help yourself just out of reluctance
to offend or disappoint someone. They usually find it unpleasant to express or listen to
constructive criticism - after all, they often take everything to heart. If they
If they feel that they are unable to change anything in their life, they may become despondent.
It is advisable that they look at their problems from the outside, without prejudice.
This usually helps them gain a fresh perspective on things.
While sincerely trying to help others, ESFJs are sometimes persistent,
help, they should wait a little and find out whether their services are really needed.
ESFJs often rush to make decisions, failing to see what is not in their hands.
surfaces; They don’t have time to think about the consequences of their actions. They are not
interested in finding new, extraordinary ways to achieve goals and can
appear inflexible. They should not rush to conclusions and not give up
new approaches to the problem. This way they can quickly find the optimal solution.
Dreiser, ISFJ (Approximately 6% of the American population)
ISFJs are loyal, dedicated, compassionate, and sensitive to
to others. They are conscientious, have a sense of responsibility and receive
It’s a great pleasure when they know that people need them.
ISFJs view life practically and have no illusions. What they value in people
modesty, prefer to communicate with balanced and calm people. They keep in
remember a huge number of facts and know how to use them; remember well
details and details. ISFJs try to thoroughly understand the task at hand, and
this phase of work does not irritate them. ISFJs prefer things that are clear and understandable.
explanations and formulations.
They take full responsibility if they see that their participation will actually be
useful for business. They approach problem solving systematically, but at the same time carefully.
working out the details. ISFJs tend to be conservative and traditional.
values. When making decisions, they rely on common sense, their prudence
inspires confidence.
ISFJ people are calm, modest, serious, and hardworking. They are distinguished by their soft
character, ability to empathize, tact. They are a good source of friends and
colleagues. They love to care for others and prefer to provide specific,
tangible help. They are sociable and treat people warmly. ISFJs don't usually exhibit
show off their emotions, but this does not mean that they are not capable of deep experiences.
They are protective and loyal to their friends, love to work and honestly
fulfill their obligations.
Possible weaknesses
Due to the fact that ISFJs live in the present, it can be difficult for them to see the situation in
perspective or predict possible developments of events, especially if
encountering difficulties for the first time. They may need help to look in
ISFJs are in danger of getting bogged down in the daily routine and endless
work, both their own and those for whom they feel responsible. Often they
overload themselves with work, preferring to take on everything themselves and do as much as possible
more carefully. Lacking self-confidence or prudence, they risk that this
some people can use it for their own purposes. They need to express their
demands, and not hide them “in a bottle”, so as not to find yourself in the role of those in need
in help. They will benefit from mentioning their needs and successes more often.
ISFJs often take a long time to understand technical issues.
details. Sometimes they try to plan everything down to the smallest detail and get very worried if
something unexpected happens. Therefore, it is important for them to learn not to waste their
ardor and not worry about trifles. Additionally, ISFJs need to find ways
make time for the rest and entertainment they so deserve.
Zhukov, ESTP (Approximately 13% of the American population)
ESTPs have no problems - they are always happy with everything! Active, easy-going
character, spontaneous, they enjoy the present and do not worry about
ESTPs look at things realistically and in understanding the world rely only on their feelings,
who are completely trusted. They are inquisitive and insightful observers.
They accept things as they are, are broad-minded and tolerant of
to others. They also accept themselves with all their shortcomings. ESTP people like
concrete things that can be touched, taken apart and reassembled.
ESTPs prefer to take action rather than talk and solve problems as they come.
emergence, and very successfully, because they are able to perceive facts, and
then quickly find logical and reasonable solutions without wasting much time and
effort. They can conduct diplomatic negotiations, happily using
unconventional approaches, and are usually able to convince the other side or achieve
consent. They are able to grasp the basic principles and make decisions based on
rather based on logic than on your emotions. They are pragmatic and can be firm,
if the situation requires.
Well-meaning and charming, ESTPs are successful and feel good about themselves.
in almost any situation and in any company. They are sociable, versatile, funny,
They usually have stories and jokes in stock for all occasions. They
perform well when it is necessary to defuse a tense situation and
reconcile the conflicting parties.
Possible weaknesses
ESTP people tend to live for the moment and for the unexpected.
conflicts are responded to with “extraordinary measures”, which can create chaos for
those around you. Due to their inability to plan ahead, they may miss out on favorable opportunities.
possibilities. Sometimes they take on too much, overestimate their strength and
As a result, they cannot fulfill their obligations. ESTP people can be advised to:
peace; and also try to plan in advance how to finish the work on time.
ESTPs are sometimes dismissive of other people's feelings and can appear rude and
tactless due to the desire to always be honest. Their assertiveness can sometimes be
interpreted as bad manners and alienating the people they seek to entertain.
It will become easier to communicate with people if they try to combine their
observation and sensitivity to others. They are more successful when
relate their courage, energy and love of fun to the conditions in which
other people feel comfortable too.
In an effort to solve a problem as quickly and effortlessly as possible, ESTPs often
rush from one adventure to another, brushing aside what is not very
captivates. They should learn how to manage their time and also plan
long term plans. This would help them be better prepared to carry out their
tasks. They will be more successful if they slow down a little sometimes,
develop rules of behavior for themselves and think about what consequences may
lead to their actions.
Gaben, ISTP (Approximately 6% of the American population)
ISTPs are straightforward, honest, and pragmatic people. They prefer action to talking and
very unpretentious.
ISTPs are good analysts and are more interested in the objective basis of things and
phenomena. People of this type are naturally good at mechanics and usually
They work great with their hands. They often come to logical conclusions based on
own experience, calling things by their proper names.
Curious and observant, ISTPs only accept arguments that
based on reliable facts. They are realists and use them to their advantage
sources and resources available to them, and are also practical and good
sense of time.
Quiet and taciturn, ISTPs can come across as cold and withdrawn. They
They are shy in communicating with everyone except close friends. ISTPs are not recognized
leaders above themselves. They are honest and fair, prefer relationships as equals,
quickly navigate the situation and immediately (sometimes impulsively) react to
change. Thrilling sensations and active actions charge them with energy. Usually they
They don’t like to sit at home and are fond of sports.
Possible weaknesses
Because of their habit of making decisions on their own, ISTPs often do not consult with anyone and
do not share important information, so people who are directly affected by it
remain completely unaware of what is happening. ISTPs are reluctant to share
impressions, feelings and anxieties - they simply do not see the need for this. Them
you should understand that others need and important to know what is happening to them. After all
sometimes only they can provide the most accurate information.
ISTPs are realists to the extent that they usually look for and find ways to solve any problem.
problems with little effort. They spend a minimum of time preparing for work and
They may not complete their plans at all, just to have more leisure.
Developing a detailed plan with all phases and components will help
overcome their inherent lack of initiative and the often-occurring cooling.
ISTPs perceive the world around them as a “see-hear-feel” and prefer
open possibilities and options, and therefore in other situations may manifest
indecision. And the thirst for thrills can lead to recklessness or
rapid loss of interest in the matter. By setting goals and following through
obligations, they will be able to avoid the disappointments and dangers inherent in
careless lifestyle.
Napoleon, ESFP (Approximately 13% of the American population)
ESFPs are true lovers of life. They are bursting with energy and fun and their optimism.
decorate the lives of those around them.
Adaptable to any environment, easy-going, ESFP
They are benevolent, generous, and treat people warmly. They are extremely
They are sociable and often the life of the party. They enthusiastically participate in any
activities, and also play sports and often take on several tasks
simultaneously.
ESFPs are keen observers and see and accept things as they are. They
completely rely on their feelings and experience and are not inclined to be satisfied
theoretical explanations. By giving preference to concrete facts and having
With a good memory for details, they learn best by doing. Common sense
helps them both in communication and in work. They come to conclusions based on
Forgiving of themselves and others, ESFPs do not seek to impose their will on anyone. TO
Tactful and supportive ESFPs are usually treated very well by those around them.
ESFPs have the gift of persuasion and are indispensable in resolving disagreements. They like
companies and are good conversationalists. They love to help others, but
prefer to provide specific, tangible assistance.
Spontaneous and charming, ESFPs love surprises and perform miracles.
ingenuity when they want to please others.
Possible weaknesses
For ESFP people, learning and enjoying life comes first, but sometimes
they do this at the expense of other responsibilities. A constant desire to communicate can
become a hindrance for them in other matters, and sometimes cause big troubles. This
addicted people, it can be difficult for them to force themselves to maintain discipline. Their
the tendency to constantly be distracted from completing the task at hand can develop into
laziness. Having learned to understand the priorities of your tasks and finding a reasonable
balance between work and pleasure, they will expand their capabilities and gain
foresight. Having learned to give “time to business, an hour to fun,” they will be able to
overcome your weaknesses.
They get so caught up in the minutiae of everyday life that they have no time for plans for the future.
future, and thereby expose themselves to the danger of being taken by surprise
changes. But they could be completely dealt with by thinking in advance how
act in a given situation. ESFPs need to learn
predict what might await them “around the corner” and develop
an alternative plan in case of trouble.
ESFPs tend to sometimes make decisions without considering the consequences. They are bigger
They trust their subjective feelings rather than objective information. They are like that
They value their friends so much that they are often ready to idealize them. ESFP is advisable to learn
take a step back and think through the causes and consequences of your actions, as well as
work on yourself to overcome your tendency to be indecisive. If they
If they follow our advice, then saying “no” will not be so difficult for them.
Dumas, ISFP (Approximately 6% of the American population)
ISFPs are gentle, caring, sensitive people with extremely
strong personal principles that they do not shout about at every turn. Often they
express their emotions and passions not with words, but with actions.
Shy and reserved, ISFPs are actually warm-hearted and enthusiastic people, but
No one knows about this except those close to you. ISFPs are often misunderstood
due to the fact that they do not know how to openly express their feelings.
ISFP people are patient, flexible, get along well with others and do not
seek to impose their will or control the actions of others. They dont have
the need to evaluate others, they take the actions of others for granted. From
Neither people nor things escape their attention, but they do not look for hidden meaning in them.
Since ISFPs live in the present, they try to reduce the period to a minimum.
preparatory work or planning. They are able to calculate their
actions only for a very short period of time, and when they finish work, then immediately
They relax because they are focused on the “here and now.” They love to enjoy
“in the current moment” and are in no hurry to rush to the next thing.
They are interested in what can be learned and felt directly from experience. Often
these people have artistic taste. They strive to surround themselves
beautiful and pleasant things.
Having no need for leadership, ISFPs are often loyal followers
ideas, reliable team members. They approach life from their perspective
subjective values, and therefore prefer to communicate with those people who
will try to get to know them better and understand their ideals. Trusting by nature and
responsive, they need harmonious relationships with others and very deeply
experience conflicts and disagreements.
Possible weaknesses
Extremely impressionable, ISFPs become imbued with other people's problems and sometimes
get so carried away that they completely forget about themselves, get too tired and even
may get sick. Without refusing to care and help others, they must devote time and
for myself.
By focusing exclusively on the immediate, they can be short-sighted. More
complex problems leave them confused. Because they have no idea
it comes that a way out must be sought not only in the present, they, as a rule, lead to nothing
are ready in advance. They often find it difficult to organize their time and mobilize
resources. They need to learn to overcome their tendency towards sybarism and develop
ability to switch to other concerns.
ISFPs take criticism very sensitively, they are easily offended, and they often have
hands down. They may come across as too trusting people,
because they don’t expect any tricks or hidden intentions from others. They need
pay more attention to your own needs and learn to understand your motives
behavior of others. The more objectivity and sobriety they show,
the better they will be able to understand the characters of people.
When needed: to identify the employee’s personal preferences and style of working in a team.
Myers–Briggs Typology Test
Instructions
Purpose of the indicator. This set of questions is designed to determine your personality type. What is important here is not the questions themselves, but the answers that indicate certain likes and dislikes.
Such preferences are important because they create many useful and valuable human differences - in interests and skills, in satisfaction with and success in a particular type of work.
Understanding these differences and how significant they can be helps you live, work, and interact effectively with people.
How to use the indicator. Read one question and all the answer options at once, then quickly choose your answer without hesitation. Your first reaction will most likely be the natural way of thinking, feeling or acting that you need to find. Don't try to be consistent. If you find a question for which both answers are equally correct for you, and you cannot choose, then do not mark any of them or mark any one. Skip this question and move on.
How to mark answers. Find on the answer sheet the number of the question you are answering and the letter of the selected answer, then circle that letter.
Example question:
167. Would you rather watch a movie?
(a) at home on TV, or
(b) at the cinema?
Sample answer:
If you would rather watch a film at home on TV, then circle the letter a, but if in a cinema, circle b.
If you make a mistake and circle the wrong letter, cross it and circle the correct answer.
Test
1. Does following a schedule (a) attract you, or (b) constrain and limit you?
2. Do you usually get along better with (a) imaginative people or (b) pragmatic people?
3. If strangers stare at you in a crowd, are you (a) usually aware of it, or (b) rarely notice it?
4. Are you more careful about (a) people's feelings, or (b) their rights?
5. Do you tend to (a) enjoy making decisions, or (b) rejoice in the fact that there are circumstances that make decisions for you?
6. When you are in a group, are you more likely to (a) join in the general conversation, or (b) talk individually with people you know well?
7. When you know or are more skilled in some area than the people around you, do you prefer to (a) protect your superior knowledge, or (b) share it with those who want to learn?
8. When you have done everything you can to correct an unpleasant situation, are you (a) able to stop worrying about it, or (b) does it continue to haunt you to a greater or lesser extent?
9. If you are asked on a Saturday morning what you are going to do that day, will you (a) be able to answer quite clearly, or (b) list twice as many things to do, or (c) answer “wait and see”?
10. Do you think, in general, (a) life is best for children, or (b) life is more interesting for adults?
11. When doing what many other people do, do you prefer to (a) do it the conventional way, or (b) invent your own way?
12. When you were little, (a) were you confident in your parents’ love and deep affection for you, or (b) did you feel that they admired and approved of some other child more than you?
13. Do you (a) prefer to do things at the last minute, or (b) find it too stressful?
14. If a breakdown or confusion has stopped the work you and many others have been working on, your urge will be to (a) enjoy a break, or (b) find a piece of work that can still be done, or (c) join the “emergency team.” team” that will fight the difficulty?
15. Do you usually (a) express your feelings freely, or (b) keep them to yourself?
16. Once you have chosen a course of action, do you (a) revise it if unforeseen difficulties are encountered, or (b) usually follow it to the end, even if it may cause inconvenience to you or others?
17. When reading for pleasure, do you (a) enjoy strange, original ways of expressing ideas, or (b) prefer writers who clearly say what they mean?
18. In a typical emergency situation, would you rather (a) follow orders and be helpful, or (b) give orders and be responsible?
19. At parties, do you (a) sometimes get bored, or (b) always have fun?
20. Do you find it more difficult to adapt to (a) routine, or (b) constant change?
21. Would you rather take on the heavy burden of working overtime for (a) extra comfort and luxury, or (b) a chance to achieve something important?
22. Are the things you plan or undertake (a) almost always those things that you can complete, or (b) more often those things that prove too difficult to complete?
23. Are you more attracted to (a) a person with a quick and brilliant mind, or (b) a practical person with common sense?
24. Do you find that people in general are (a) not smart enough to evaluate and accept ideas other than their own, or (b) quite receptive?
25. When you need to meet strangers, is it (a) pleasant for you, or at least not difficult, or (b) takes a lot of energy from you?
26. Do you tend to (a) value feeling more than logic, or (b) value logic more than feeling?
27. Do you prefer (a) to arrange dates, parties, etc. in advance, or (b) to be free to do what seems interesting when the time comes?
28. When planning something that concerns other people, do you prefer (a) to let them in on your secrets, or (b) to keep them in the dark until the last moment?
29. Which is a greater compliment: to be called (a) a person of genuine feelings, or (b) a consistent and sensible person?
30. When you need to make a decision, do you usually (a) make it right away, or (b) delay making a decision as long as possible?
31. When you encounter an unexpected difficulty in what you are doing, do you view it as (a) a misfortune, or (b) a hindrance, or (c) business as usual?
32. Do you almost always (a) enjoy the present moment and make the most of it, or (b) feel that the most important and valuable things are just ahead?
33. Are you (a) easy to recognize as a person, or (b) difficult to recognize as a person?
34. With most people you know, do you (a) feel like they mean what they say, or (b) feel like you have to watch for hidden meanings?
35. If you start a big project that you must complete in a week, do you (a) set aside time to make a list of things to do and determine the order in which they should be completed, or (b) just dive into it?
36. When solving a personal problem, do you (a) feel more confident if you asked other people for advice, or (b) feel that no one but you is in a good position to make a judgment?
37. Do you admire people more who (a) adhere to generally accepted norms of behavior so as to never be conspicuous, or (b) are too unusual and individual to care whether they stand out or not?
38. Which delusion is more typical for you: (a) to drift all your life from one thing to another, or (b) to remain in a well-trodden rut, even when it does not suit you?
39. When you come across people who have erroneous beliefs, do you feel that (a) it is your duty to set them on the right path, or (b) it is their right to make mistakes?
40. When a tempting chance to become a leader comes your way, you (a) accept it as something you know you can handle, or (b) sometimes deliberately pass it up because you are too modest about your capabilities, or (c) leadership doesn’t even bother you. attracts?
41. Among your friends, are you (a) one of the last to know how things are going, or (b) the one who has a lot of news about everyone?
42. Are you best if you (a) deal with the unexpected, or (b) follow a carefully laid out plan?
43. Does the importance of doing the test correctly in general (a) help you concentrate and do your best, or (b) prevent you from concentrating and answering correctly?
44. In your free time, do you (a) really like to stop somewhere and eat, or (b) usually prefer to spend your time and money in other ways?
45. When things hit you in the worst possible way, did you believe that (a) you were in a hopeless situation, or (b) you could get out if you did only the most necessary things?
46. Do most people you know (a) take their fair share of praise and blame, or (b) take all the credit they can and shift the blame to someone else?
47. When you find yourself in an awkward situation, do you usually (a) change the subject of the conversation, or (b) make it a joke, or (c) a day later still think about what you should have said?
48. Are the emotional ups and downs that you are able to feel (a) very noticeable, or (b) rather mild?
49. Do you find that doing daily routine work (a) is a comfortable way to get things done, or (b) painful, even if necessary?
50. Are you usually (a) outgoing, or (b) rather quiet and reserved?
51. In early childhood (ages 6–8), did you (a) think your parents were very wise people who should be obeyed, or (b) find their guidance tiresome and avoid it whenever possible?
52. When you have a suggestion that makes sense in a meeting, do you (a) stand up and do it as a matter of course, or (b) hesitate to do it?
53. Are you more annoyed by (a) fancy theories, or (b) people who don't like theories?
54. When you help a group activity, are you more often surprised by (a) the cooperation in teamwork, or (b) the ineffectiveness of teamwork, or (c) You do not participate in group activities?
55. When you go somewhere for the day, do you (a) plan what you will do and where, or (b) just go?
56. Are the things you worry about (a) often not really worth it, or (b) always more or less serious?
57. When making an important decision, do you (a) believe that you can trust your feelings about what to do, or (b) think that you should do the logical thing, regardless of how you feel about it?
58. Do you tend to have (a) deep friendships with a few people, or (b) wide friendships with many different people?
59. Do you think that your friends (a) sense that you are open to suggestions, or (b) know better than to try to talk you out of something you've already decided to do?
60. Does the idea of making a list of things you need to do over the weekend (a) appeal to you, or (b) leave you indifferent, or (c) definitely overwhelm you?
61. Would you rather go on a tourist trip (a) with a companion who has already traveled and is knowledgeable in this area, or (b) alone, or with someone even less experienced than you?
62. Would you rather have (a) an opportunity that could lead to great things, or (b) an experience that is sure to bring you pleasure?
63. Do your personal beliefs include (a) some ideas that cannot be tested, or (b) only those views that can be supported by evidence?
64. Would you rather (a) support the generally accepted methods of doing good deeds, or (b) analyze what is still wrong and deal with unresolved problems?
65. In your experience, do you (a) often fall in love with an idea or project and then be bitterly disappointed, as if you had risen to heaven and fallen back to earth, or (b) are critical enough of your enthusiasm that you do not allow yourself to be disappointed and fall?
66. Do you think that (a) you are more enthusiastic than ordinary people, or (b) you are less enthusiastic than ordinary people?
67. If you were to divide all the people you know into those you like, those you don’t like, and those you are indifferent to, there would be more of (a) those you like, or (b) those you like Do you feel hostility?
(For the next question (No. 68), and only for this, you can mark two answers.)
68. In your daily activities, do you (a) enjoy a rush situation that forces you to complete work on time, or (b) hate working under pressure, or (c) usually plan your work so that there is no need to work under pressure?
69. Are you more likely to speak up to (a) praise, or (b) condemn?
70. Which would be greater praise: to say that a person has (a) insight, or (b) common sense?
71. When playing cards, do you most enjoy (a) the social interaction, (b) the joy of winning, (c) the challenge of maximizing your winnings, (d) the risk of playing for money, or (e) Do you not enjoy playing cards?
Which word (phrase) in each pair do you like best?
|
72. (a) unshakable (b) kind-hearted 73. (a) imaginative (b) prosaic 74. (a) regular (b) spontaneous 75. (a) congenital (b) acquired 76. (a) assumption (b) certainty 77.(a) informal party (b) theater 78. (a) build (b) invent 79. (a) analyze (b) sympathize 80. (a) popular (b) intimate 81. (a) monetary reward (b) heartfelt gratitude, blessing 82. (a) random (b) precise 83. (a) acting (b) thinking 84. (a) non-critical (b) critical 85. (a) regulated (b) spontaneous 86. (a) convincing (b) touching 87. (a) taciturn (b) talkative 88. (a) statement (b) abstract concept |
89. (a) soft (b) hard 90. (a) production (b) design 91. (a) forgive something (b) endure, put up with something 92. (a) energetic (b) calm 93. (a) who (b) what 94. (a) impulse (b) decision 95. (a) speak (b) write 96. (a) affection (b) tenderness 97. (a) punctual (b) leisurely, leisurely 98. (a) sane (b) enchanted 99. (a) changeable (b) constant 100. (a) determined (b) devoted 101. (a) system (b) highlight 102. (a) facts (b) ideas 103. (a) compassion (b) foresight 104. (a) concrete (b) abstract 105. (a) justice (b) mercy 106. (a) calm (b) animated |
107. (a) do (b) create 108. (a) wary (b) trusting 109. (a) orderly (b) carefree 110. (a) assert (b) doubt 111. (a) supportive (b) inflexible 112. (a) base (b) spire 113. (a) quick (b) careful 114. (a) thinking (b) feeling 115. (a) theory (b) experience 116. (a) sociable (b) isolated 117. (a) sign (b) symbol 118. (a) systematic (b) episodic 119. (a) literal (b) figurative 120. (a) peacemaker (b) judge 121. (a) accept (b) change 122. (a) agree (b) discuss 123. (a) manager (b) scientist |
Which answer comes closest to describing how you usually think, feel, or act?
124. Do you view the most routine parts of your day as (a) relaxing, or (b) boring?
125. If you think that the organization you belong to is not paying you fairly, is it best to (a) shut up and accept it, or (b) if necessary, use the threat of dismissal to assert your rights?
126. Can you (a) talk to almost anyone for as long as you need, or (b) can only talk for a long time with some people or in certain circumstances?
127. When strangers pay attention to you, does it (a) make you uncomfortable, or (b) not bother you at all?
128. If you were a teacher, would you be more willing to teach (a) practical subjects, or (b) subjects that include theory?
129. When something starts to become fashionable, are you usually (a) one of the first to try it, or (b) not very interested in it?
130. When solving a difficult personal problem, do you (a) worry more than is useful for making a decision, or (b) worry no more than the situation requires?
131. If you feel like people are neglecting you, do you (a) tell yourself that they didn’t mean anything by it, or (b) stop believing in their good intentions and remain wary of them later?
132. When you have a particularly important job to do, do you prefer to (a) organize it carefully before you start, or (b) discover as you go along what is needed?
133. Which do you think is the worst fault: (a) showing too much warmth, or (b) not having enough warmth?
134. At a party, do you like to (a) help make it a success, or (b) let everyone have their own fun?
135. When a new opportunity arises, do you (a) make a decision about it fairly quickly, or (b) sometimes miss the chance because you wait too long to decide?
136. When managing your life, do you (a) take on too much and end up in difficult situations, or (b) restrain yourself to make it more convenient to manage?
137. When you are definitely wrong about something, do you (a) admit your mistake, or (b) do not admit the mistake, even if everyone knows about it, or (c) You are never wrong?
138. Do new people you meet tell you what you are interested in (a) right away, or (b) only after they really get to know you?
139. When you have completed some household activity at home, do you (a) know exactly what to do next and are ready to take on this task with diligence, or (b) are you happy to relax until the next inspiration?
140. What do you think is more important: (a) to be able to see opportunities in a situation, or (b) to be able to adapt to real facts?
141. Are you convinced that the people you personally know owe their success to a greater extent to (a) ability and hard work, or (b) luck, or (c) deception, connections and the ability to go over their head?
142. To get a job done, do you try to (a) start early so that you have some time to spare at the end, or (b) develop a very high speed at the last moment?
143. After interacting with superstitious people, do you (a) feel humiliatingly infected by their superstitions, or (b) remain completely unaffected?
144. When you disagree with what has been said, do you usually (a) leave everything as it is, or (b) have a discussion or argue?
146. Among all the useful decisions you have made, (a) are there any that you adhere to to this day, or (b) there is not a single one that has survived to this day?
147. Would you rather work under the guidance of a person who is (a) always kind, or (b) always fair?
148. In a large group, are you more likely to (a) introduce people to each other, or (b) be introduced?
149. Would you rather be friends with someone who (a) always comes up with new ideas, or (b) has both feet on the ground?
150. When you have to do business with strangers, do you (a) feel confident and at ease, or (b) are a little fussy and worried that they won’t want to get involved with you?
151. If it has been established in advance that you must do certain things at a certain time, is this (a) pleasant for you because it allows you to coordinate plans, or (b) somewhat unpleasant because it ties you down?
152. Do you think that sarcasm (a) should never be used where it might hurt people's feelings, or (b) it is too effective a form of speech to be rejected for such a reason?
153. When you plan to do a small task or a small purchase, do you (a) usually forget about it for a long time, or (b) write things down on paper, or (c) always complete the idea without reminders?
154. Do you more often allow (a) your heart to rule your head, or (b) your head to rule your heart?
155. When listening to a new idea, are you more concerned about (a) fully understanding it, or (b) assessing whether it is right or wrong?
156. Are you depressed by (a) many different worries, or (b) relatively few?
157. If you don't approve of your friend's behavior, do you (a) wait and see what happens next, or (b) do or say something about it?
158. What do you think is the worst fault: (a) being callous, or (b) being unreasonable?
159. When a new situation arises that conflicts with your plans, do you first try to (a) change plans to accommodate the situation, or (b) change the situation to accommodate your plans?
160. Do you think that your loved ones know what you think (a) about most things, or (b) only if there is a special reason to tell them?
161. When you have to make a serious choice, do you (a) almost always come to a clear decision, or (b) sometimes do you find it so difficult to decide that you do not fully pursue any of the alternatives?
162. On most issues, do you (a) have a definite opinion, or (b) prefer to remain open-minded?
163. When you get to know people better, it most often turns out that (a) they disappoint you in some way, or (b) your acquaintance is improving?
164. If the truth might be impolite, are you more likely to tell (a) a polite lie, or (b) a brutal truth?
165. Do you prefer to lead (a) an original lifestyle, or (b) a traditional lifestyle?
166. Would you rather discuss the meaning of (a) most of these questions, or (b) just a few?
Answer form
The answer form is printed along with the list of questions.
| 1 | A. b. | 43 | A. b. | 85 | A. b. | 127 | A. b. |
| 2 | A. b. | 44 | A. b. | 86 | A. b. | 128 | A. b. |
| 3 | A. b. | 45 | A. b. | 87 | A. b. | 129 | A. b. |
| 4 | A. b. | 46 | A. b. | 88 | A. b. | 130 | A. b. |
| 5 | A. b. | 47 | A. b. With. | 89 | A. b. | 131 | A. b. |
| 6 | A. b. | 48 | A. b. | 90 | A. b. | 132 | A. b. |
| 7 | A. b. | 49 | A. b. | 91 | A. b. | 133 | A. b. |
| 8 | A. b. | 50 | A. b. | 92 | A. b. | 134 | A. b. |
| 9 | A. b. With. | 51 | A. b. | 93 | A. b. | 135 | A. b. |
| 10 | A. b. | 52 | A. b. | 94 | A. b. | 136 | A. b. |
| 11 | A. b. | 53 | A. b. | 95 | A. b. | 137 | A. b. With. |
| 12 | A. b. | 54 | A. b. With. | 96 | A. b. | 138 | A. b. |
| 13 | A. b. | 55 | A. b. | 97 | A. b. | 139 | A. b. |
| 14 | A. b. With. | 56 | A. b. | 98 | A. b. | 140 | A. b. |
| 15 | A. b. | 57 | A. b. | 99 | A. b. | 141 | A. b. With. |
| 16 | A. b. | 58 | A. b. | 100 | A. b. | 142 | A. b. |
| 17 | A. b. | 59 | A. b. | 101 | A. b. | 143 | A. b. |
| 18 | A. b. | 60 | A. b. With. | 102 | A. b. | 144 | A. b. |
| 19 | A. b. | 61 | A. b. | 103 | A. b. | 145 | A. b. |
| 20 | A. b. | 62 | A. b. | 104 | A. b. | 146 | A. b. |
| 21 | A. b. | 63 | A. b. | 105 | A. b. | 147 | A. b. |
| 22 | A. b. | 64 | A. b. | 106 | A. b. | 148 | A. b. |
| 23 | A. b. | 65 | A. b. | 107 | A. b. | 149 | A. b. |
| 24 | A. b. | 66 | A. b. | 108 | A. b. | 150 | A. b. |
| 25 | A. b. | 67 | A. b. | 109 | A. b. | 151 | A. b. |
| 26 | A. b. | 68 | A. b. With. | 110 | A. b. | 152 | A. b. |
| 27 | A. b. | 69 | A. b. | 111 | A. b. | 153 | A. b. With. |
| 28 | A. b. | 70 | A. b. | 112 | A. b. | 154 | A. b. |
| 29 | A. b. | 71 | A. b. With. d. e. | 113 | A. b. | 155 | A. b. |
| 30 | A. b. | 72 | A. b. | 114 | A. b. | 156 | A. b. |
| 31 | A. b. With. | 73 | A. b. | 115 | A. b. | 157 | A. b. |
| 32 | A. b. | 74 | A. b. | 116 | A. b. | 158 | A. b. |
| 33 | A. b. | 75 | A. b. | 117 | A. b. | 159 | A. b. |
| 34 | A. b. | 76 | A. b. | 118 | A. b. | 160 | A. b. |
| 35 | A. b. | 77 | A. b. | 119 | A. b. | 161 | A. b. |
| 36 | A. b. | 78 | A. b. | 120 | A. b. | 162 | A. b. |
| 37 | A. b. | 79 | A. b. | 121 | A. b. | 163 | A. b. |
| 38 | A. b. | 80 | A. b. | 122 | A. b. | 164 | A. b. |
| 39 | A. b. | 81 | A. b. | 123 | A. b. | 165 | A. b. |
| 40 | A. b. With. | 82 | A. b. | 124 | A. b. | 166 | A. b. |
| 41 | A. b. | 83 | A. b. | 125 | A. b. | ||
| 42 | A. b. | 84 | A. b. | 126 | A. b. |
Thanks for answers!
Key to the MBTI typological indicator test
Description
The MBTI typological indicator is intended to determine the personality type in accordance with the theory of psychological types by K.G. Jung, aimed at students and adults. Form F includes 166 questions.
MBTI allows you to determine whether a respondent belongs to one or another pole of four bipolar scales of personal preferences: extraversion (E) - introversion (I), sensory (S) - intuition (N), thinking (T) - feeling (F), organization (J) – flexibility (P), and to one of the 16 personality types formed by them.
Stencil keys for the test
For forms F and G MBTI, five stencil keys are used: 1) E and I; 2) S and N; 3) T and F for men; 4) T and F for women; 5) J and P.
Processing steps.
1. Calculation of raw scores.
Calculate the total weight of the answers for each pole of the four scales:
1.1. Review the answer sheet for questions that may have more than one answer. In Form F, only question 68 can be answered with two answers at once. There are also two questions (9 and 60) in which answer b is counted (1 point) and answer c is not counted (0 points). If any other question has multiple answers, highlight it in red and do not count it.
1.2. Place the stencil key on the answer sheet so that the question and answer numbers match.
1.3. Using a stencil, count the answers circled by the subject. An answer is awarded 1 point if the number on the stencil is 1, and 2 points if the number on the stencil is 2.
The keys indicate the maximum possible number of points for each preference. If your total preference score is greater than this maximum, recalculate it.
1.4. Record your overall preference score in the table at the bottom of your answer sheet.
1.5. When calculating TF preferences, be sure to take the key that matches the gender of the subject. If you are processing a group of answer sheets, first separate them into male and female. To avoid errors, start processing by using the keys to these preferences (TF). Please note that the key for men T has an additional point, which is added to the sum of the test taker's answers.
1.6. Repeat the scoring procedure for all preferences and record the scores in the table.
2. Convert raw scores into preference scores.
The preference score consists of a letter indicating the direction of preference and a number indicating the strength of the preference. Isabel Myers considered the letter to be a more important part of the preference assessment.
To determine the letter, compare the scores on both poles of preference. The larger number shows the direction of preference, and the letter part of the preference follows from it (for example, if E is 17 and I is 9, then E dominates).
To determine your preference number, do the following:
Subtract the smaller one from the larger raw score. Record this difference in the form table (column 3). Then refer to the right or left side of the score conversion table (for example, left side for J, right side for P). Find the figure corresponding to the resulting difference and, based on it, the preference estimate. Write it down in the 6th column. Please note that the difference equal to zero is only in the columns for I, N, F, P.
| Preference | Point | Point difference | Point | Preference | Preference Score | Continuous assessment | Type |
| E | 19 | 13 | 6 | I | 25 | 75 | ENTP |
| S | 10 | 7 | 17 | N | 15 | 115 | |
| T | 25 | 18 | 7 | F | 35 | 65 | |
| J | 11 | 0 | 11 | P | 1 | 101 |
3. Continuous assessments.
To conduct correlational studies with the MBTI, it is convenient to treat dichotomous preference scores as continuous scales. Continuous scores are linear transformations of preference scores (see example, column 7):
- for preferences E, S, T or J, continuous score = 100 – preference score number;
- for preferences I, N, F, P continuous score = 100 + preference score digit.
4. In column 8 of the table of the answer form, write down the letter formula of the type.
Keys for women
| Scales | E | I | S | N | T | F | J | P | ||||||||
| response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | |
| 6a | 1 | 6b | 2 | 2b | 1 | 2a | 2 | 4b | 1 | 26a | 2 | 1a | 2 | 1b | 2 | |
| 15a | 1 | 19a | 1 | 11a | 1 | 11b | 1 | 26b | 2 | 29a | 1 | 13b | 1 | *9b | 1 | |
| 19b | 2 | 25b | 1 | 17b | 1 | 37b | 2 | 29b | 2 | 79b | 2 | 20b | 1 | 13a | 1 | |
| 25a | 1 | 33b | 2 | 37a | 1 | 53b | 1 | 72a | 2 | 81b | 1 | 27a | 2 | 20a | 1 | |
| 33a | 1 | 41a | 1 | 53a | 1 | 70a | 2 | 79a | 2 | 84a | 1 | 35a | 2 | 27b | 1 | |
| 41b | 2 | 47c | 2 | 64a | 2 | 76a | 2 | 81a | 1 | 86b | 1 | 42b | 1 | 35b | 1 | |
| 47b | 1 | 50b | 2 | 70b | 1 | 78b | 1 | 84b | 1 | 100b | 2 | 55a | 2 | 42a | 1 | |
| 50a | 2 | 58a | 1 | 73b | 2 | 88b | 1 | 86a | 2 | 103a | 1 | 60a | 1 | 49b | 2 | |
| 58b | 2 | 66b | 1 | 76b | 1 | 102b | 1 | 89b | 2 | 105b | 2 | 68c | 1 | 55b | 2 | |
| 66a | 1 | 87a | 1 | 78a | 2 | 104b | 2 | 91b | 2 | 114b | 1 | 74a | 2 | *60b | 1 | |
| 77a | 1 | 92b | 2 | 88a | 2 | 112b | 2 | 93b | 1 | 122a | 1 | 85a | 2 | 68a | 1 | |
| 87b | 2 | 95b | 1 | 90a | 1 | 115a | 2 | 100a | 1 | 147a | 2 | 94b | 1 | 74b | 2 | |
| 92a | 1 | 106a | 1 | 98a | 2 | 119b | 1 | 103b | 2 | 154a | 2 | 97a | 1 | 85b | 2 | |
| 106b | 1 | 116b | 1 | 102a | 2 | 128b | 2 | 105a | 1 | 158a | 2 | 99b | 1 | 94a | 2 | |
| 116a | 1 | 126b | 2 | 104a | 1 | 145b | 2 | 108a | 2 | 109a | 2 | 97b | 1 | |||
| 126a | 2 | 129b | 2 | 107a | 2 | 149a | 1 | 111b | 2 | 118a | 2 | 109b | 1 | |||
| 134a | 1 | 134b | 2 | 117a | 1 | 114a | 2 | 124a | 1 | 113a | 1 | |||||
| 138a | 1 | 138b | 1 | 119a | 1 | 120b | 2 | 132a | 1 | 118b | 2 | |||||
| 148a | 2 | 148b | 2 | 121a | 1 | 133a | 1 | 151a | 1 | 132b | 2 | |||||
| 160a | 1 | 160b | 1 | 128a | 2 | 154b | 2 | 153b | 1 | 142b | 1 | |||||
| 140b | 1 | 151b | 1 | |||||||||||||
| 145a | 2 | 153a | 1 | |||||||||||||
| 149b | 2 | |||||||||||||||
| 165b | 1 | |||||||||||||||
Maximum possible values for each preference:
For men: T = 33 F = 19
For women: T = 33 F = 21
Keys for men
The keys for women and men differ only in their T and F preferences.
| Scales | E | I | S | N | T | F | J | P | ||||||||
| response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | response number | point | |
| 6a | 1 | 6b | 2 | 2b | 1 | 2a | 2 | 4b | 2 | 26a | 2 | 1a | 2 | 1b | 2 | |
| 15a | 1 | 19a | 1 | 11a | 1 | 11b | 1 | 26b | 2 | 29a | 1 | 13b | 1 | *9b | 1 | |
| 19b | 2 | 25b | 1 | 17b | 1 | 37b | 2 | 29b | 2 | 79b | 2 | 20b | 1 | 13a | 1 | |
| 25a | 1 | 33b | 2 | 37a | 1 | 53b | 1 | 72a | 2 | 81b | 1 | 27a | 2 | 20a | 1 | |
| 33a | 1 | 41a | 1 | 53a | 1 | 70a | 2 | 79a | 1 | 84a | 1 | 35a | 2 | 27b | 1 | |
| 41b | 2 | 47c | 2 | 64a | 2 | 76a | 2 | 81a | 1 | 86b | 2 | 42b | 1 | 35b | 1 | |
| 47b | 1 | 50b | 2 | 70b | 1 | 78b | 1 | 84b | 1 | 100b | 1 | 55a | 2 | 42a | 1 | |
| 50a | 2 | 58a | 1 | 73b | 2 | 88b | 1 | 86a | 2 | 103a | 1 | 60a | 1 | 49b | 2 | |
| 58b | 2 | 66b | 1 | 76b | 1 | 102b | 1 | 89b | 2 | 105b | 2 | 68c | 1 | 55b | 2 | |
| 66a | 1 | 87a | 1 | 78a | 2 | 104b | 2 | 91b | 2 | 111a | 1 | 74a | 2 | *60b | 1 | |
| 77a | 1 | 92b | 2 | 88a | 2 | 112b | 2 | 93b | 1 | 114b | 2 | 85a | 2 | 68a | 1 | |
| 87b | 2 | 95b | 1 | 90a | 1 | 115a | 2 | 3a floor | 1 | 147a | 1 | 94b | 1 | 74b | 2 | |
| 92a | 1 | 106a | 1 | 98a | 2 | 119b | 1 | 100a | 1 | 154a | 1 | 97a | 1 | 85b | 2 | |
| 106b | 1 | 116b | 1 | 102a | 2 | 128b | 2 | 103b | 2 | 158a | 1 | 99b | 1 | 94a | 2 | |
| 116a | 1 | 126b | 2 | 104a | 1 | 145b | 2 | 105a | 1 | 109a | 2 | 97b | 1 | |||
| 126a | 2 | 129b | 2 | 107a | 2 | 149a | 1 | 108a | 2 | 118a | 2 | 109b | 1 | |||
| 134a | 1 | 134b | 2 | 117a | 1 | 111b | 2 | 124a | 1 | 113a | 1 | |||||
| 138a | 1 | 138b | 1 | 119a | 1 | 114a | 2 | 132a | 1 | 118b | 2 | |||||
| 148a | 2 | 148b | 2 | 121a | 1 | 120b | 2 | 151a | 1 | 132b | 2 | |||||
| 160a | 1 | 160b | 1 | 128a | 2 | 133a | 1 | 153b | 1 | 142b | 1 | |||||
| 140b | 1 | 154b | 1 | 151b | 1 | |||||||||||
| 145a | 2 | 153a | 1 | |||||||||||||
| 149b | 2 | |||||||||||||||
| 165b | 1 | |||||||||||||||
*Only 1 point is awarded for answer b or c for these questions.
The numerical part of the preference score is equal to the difference in scores found by subtracting the lower score from the larger one. If the letter part of the raw score is T, then you need to subtract the F score from the T score, find this difference for T in the score conversion table and enter the corresponding score in the table column on the answer form. If the letter part is E, subtract the score for I from the score for E, etc. Use the left side of the conversion table to find preference scores for E, S, T, J, and the right side to find preference scores for I, N, F, P .
Table for converting the difference between raw points (Difference in Points) into preference score (Preference Score) and continuous score (Continuous Score)
| E, S, T or J | I, N, F or P | ||||
| Point difference | Preference Score | Continuous assessment | Point difference | Preference Score | Continuous assessment |
| 1 | 1 | 99 | 0 | 1 | 101 |
| 2 | 3 | 97 | 1 | 3 | 103 |
| 3 | 5 | 95 | 2 | 5 | 105 |
| 4 | 7 | 93 | 3 | 7 | 107 |
| 5 | 9 | 91 | 4 | 9 | 109 |
| 6 | 11 | 89 | 5 | 11 | 111 |
| 7 | 13 | 87 | 6 | 13 | 113 |
| 8 | 15 | 85 | 7 | 15 | 115 |
| 9 | 17 | 83 | 8 | 17 | 117 |
| 10 | 19 | 81 | 9 | 19 | 119 |
| 11 | 21 | 79 | 10 | 21 | 121 |
| 12 | 23 | 77 | 11 | 23 | 123 |
| 13 | 25 | 75 | 12 | 25 | 125 |
| 14 | 27 | 73 | 13 | 27 | 127 |
| 15 | 29 | 71 | 14 | 29 | 129 |
| 16 | 31 | 69 | 15 | 31 | 131 |
| 17 | 33 | 67 | 16 | 33 | 133 |
| 18 | 35 | 65 | 17 | 35 | 135 |
| 19 | 37 | 63 | 18 | 37 | 137 |
| 20 | 39 | 61 | 19 | 39 | 139 |
| 21 | 41 | 59 | 20 | 41 | 141 |
| 22 | 43 | 57 | 21 | 43 | 143 |
| 23 | 45 | 55 | 22 | 45 | 145 |
| 24 | 47 | 53 | 23 | 47 | 147 |
| 25 | 49 | 51 | 24 | 49 | 149 |
| 26 | 51 | 49 | 25 | 51 | 151 |
| 27 | 53 | 47 | 26 | 53 | 153 |
| 28 | 55 | 45 | 27 | 55 | 155 |
| 29 | 57 | 43 | 28 | 57 | 157 |
| 30 | 59 | 41 | 29 | 59 | 159 |
| 31 | 61 | 39 | 30 | 61 | 161 |
| 32 | 63 | 37 | 31 | 63 | 163 |
| 33 | 65 | 35 | 32 | 65 | 165 |
| 34 | 67 | 33 | 33 | 67 | 167 |
Description of psychological types
ESTP/Marshal
ESTP is an outgoing and accurate type. Enthusiastic and easily excitable, ESTPs are “hustlers” who live in a world of action. Rough (blunt), direct and risky, they are willing to take on any important task, without fear of getting their hands dirty. They live here and now and do not attach much importance to introspection or theory. Look at the actual state of the situation, instantly decide what needs to be done, execute it and move on to the next one.
ESTPs have an uncanny ability to see where people really stand and what motivates them. They notice little things that go completely unnoticed by most other types: facial expression, posture and posture. They are usually a couple of steps ahead of the person they are communicating with. ESTPs use this ability to take what they need from a situation. Rules and laws are perceived as general guidelines, but not at all as the limit of one’s own powers. If an ESTP has decided that something needs to be done, then their “get it done and live with it” attitude overrides any rules. However, the ESTP tends to have their own beliefs about what is right and wrong, and will stubbornly adhere to personal principles. The principles of coexistence may be of negligible value to ESTPs, but they will not change their own inviolable rules under any circumstances and will not do anything that seems wrong to them.
ESTPs have a strong sense of drama and style. They move quickly, speak quickly and appreciate the finer things in life. They may be swindlers or spendthrifts. They are generally excellent storytellers and improvisers. They tend to take on things as they come, rather than doing things according to a plan. They love to have fun and love to be surrounded by fun people. Sometimes they can have a pernicious influence on others without realizing it, just as they usually do not know and may not care about the effect that their words have on those around them. This does not mean that they do not care about people, but only that their decision-making process does not take people's feelings into account. They make decisions based on facts and logic.
The least developed area of ESTPs is their intuitive side. They are irritated by theory and see no benefit from it in their determination to “get it right.” At times, ESTPs exhibit strong intuition that is often misplaced, but sometimes very insightful and accurate. The ESTP does not trust his instincts and is often distrustful of the intuition of those around him.
ESTPs tend to have difficulty with learning, especially in higher education where theoretical areas become important. ESTPs begin to get bored in subjects where they don't think they will get any useful material for real life. ESTPs may be brilliantly educated, but learning will be a chore for them.
The ESTP needs to be constantly on the move, and he/she thrives in careers where he/she is unconstrained and has a lot of room to maneuver. They become depressed and unhappy when they have to deal with routine work. ESTPs naturally have an abundance of energy and enthusiasm, which makes them good entrepreneurs. Things and deeds excite them very much, and they are able to motivate others to enthusiasm and action. They can convince anyone to buy anything. They are action-oriented and make decisions very quickly. In general, they have an extraordinary talent for starting things. They are not very good at maintaining and finishing them and may leave things to others. Excellence in getting things done is something that ESTPs should pay particular attention to.
ESTPs are practical, observant, fun-loving, spontaneous, and risk-takers with a brilliant ability to instantly come up with a workable solution to a problem. They are full of enthusiasm, easily convey it to others, and are fun to be around. If an ESTP recognizes his/her true talents and acts in those areas, he/she will be able to create truly exciting things.
ESFP/Politician
ESFPs live in a world of human possibility. They love people and new experiences. They are bright and cheerful personalities who love to be the center of attention. They live in the here and now and enjoy excitement and drama in their lives.
ESFPs have strong interpersonal skills and often act as mediators. Because they make decisions based on their personal values, they are usually empathetic individuals who care about the well-being of others. They are usually kind and warm. They are very attentive to people, and feel before others what happened to someone, responding warmly with an offer of practical help. They are not the best advisers in the world, because they do not like theory and long-term planning, but they are amazing at providing care in practice.
ESFPs are spontaneous and optimistic individuals. They love to have fun. If ESFPs do not develop their thinking side by focusing on rational thinking, they may become too soft and place more importance on immediate gratification and sensations than on their duty and obligations. For ESFPs, the world is a stage.
They like to be the center of attention and play for people. They constantly present shows to others to entertain them and make them happy. They love to excite people's senses, and they are excellent at it. They love nothing more than a long celebration of life where they play the role of the fun-loving host.
ESFPs love people, and people love ESFPs. One of their main gifts is acceptance of any person. They are optimistic and enthusiastic people who genuinely enjoy almost everything. ESFPs are incredibly warm and kind to their friends, and generally treat everyone as their friend. However, if someone tries to contradict, the ESFP will willingly make a cruel and stubborn decision against him. In such situations, they are unusually skillful in expressing the deepest hostility.
When under extreme stress, ESFPs become overwhelmed with negative thoughts and perspectives. Just like optimistic people living in a world of opportunity, negative opportunities don't sit well with them. In an attempt to combat these thoughts, they tend to resort to simple, general formulations to explain what is happening. These simplistic explanations may not get to the root cause of the problem, but they help ESFPs by allowing them to overcome difficulties.
As a rule, ESFPs are very practical people, although they hate routine. They like to go with the flow, trusting their ability to improvise in any situation presented to them. They learn faster in a practical setting than from a book, and they are uncomfortable dealing with theory. If ESFPs have not developed their intuitive side, they may tend to avoid situations that require advanced theoretical thinking or are confusing and ambiguous. For this reason, ESFPs may have difficulties in school. ESFPs perform extremely well in situations where they are allowed to learn through interactions with others or where they “learn as they go.”
ESFPs have a well-developed sense of aesthetics and beauty, as well as an excellent sense of space and purpose. Having enough money, they willingly purchase many beautiful things and skillfully furnish their homes. In general, they enjoy aesthetic objects. They usually have a fine taste for the finer things in life, such as food and wine.
ESFPs are great team players. He or she will not create problems or start quarrels, but will prefer to create the most fun environment for completing the task at hand. ESFPs will work best where they can use their excellent people skills along with their ability to organize ideas into structured forms. Because they are active individuals who love new experiences, they should choose careers that offer or require variety as well as human qualities.
ESFPs typically enjoy feeling a close connection with other people, animals, and small children in a way that most other types don't. They are usually able to subtly understand the beauty of nature.
ESFPs absolutely love life and know how to have fun. They like to involve others in their fun, and are usually a lot of fun to be around. They are flexible, adaptable, genuinely interested in people, and generally kind. They have a special ability to take a lot of fun out of life, but they need to beware of mistakes that are closely related to living one day at a time.
ENTP/Innovator
Possessing dominant extroverted intuition, ENTPs are primarily interested in understanding the world in which they live. They constantly absorb ideas and images of situations they encounter in life. Since they use intuition to perceive information, they usually have the ability to quickly and accurately look at the entire current situation. The ENTP understands reality more deeply than any of the other types, with the exception of its cousin ENFP.
This ability to intuitively understand people and situations gives the ENTP a distinct advantage in life. As a rule, they grasp everything quickly and with amazing depth. Accordingly, they are quite flexible and adapt well to a wide range of tasks. They are good at almost everything that interests them. As their personality and intuition abilities develop, they begin to see better and better the possibilities that the situation conceals, which gives them a wide arsenal of tools for solving various problems.
ENTPs are people of ideas. Their perceptive abilities allow them to see opportunities everywhere. Their own ideas arouse great enthusiasm in themselves, and they are able to infect others with this enthusiasm. This way, they receive the support they need to realize their own ideas.
However, ENTPs are much less interested in developing action plans and making decisions than they are in generating ideas and opportunities. Ensuring that an idea comes to fruition usually becomes a chore for the ENTP. As a result, some ENTPs develop a habit of never finishing what they start. ENTPs who do not develop their thought process will have a problem moving chaotically from one idea to another without following any plans. ENTPs need to take care to fully think through their own ideas and get the full benefit from them.
The auxiliary process of introverted thinking determines how ENTPs make decisions. Because ENTPs are more interested in gathering information than making decisions, they are quite logical and consistent in their conclusions. The results of applying ENTP thinking to your intuitive perceptions can be truly remarkable. A well-developed and balanced ENTP is extremely insightful, resourceful, and adventurous.
ENTPs are easygoing, have a very agile mind, and enjoy verbally sparring with people. They love to discuss controversial issues and can even sometimes change sides - all from a love of discussion. However, when it comes to expressing their fundamental principles, they may feel awkward and speak harshly and tensely.
Some ENTPs are "Lawyer" types. The ENTP lawyer quickly and accurately understands the situation and acts on it objectively and logically. Their thinking side bases action and decision on a set of objective rules and laws. So, if an ENTP is defending someone who actually committed a crime, they can take advantage of legal loopholes and get their client off the hook. If they actually win the case, they will consider their actions to be fair and appropriate to the situation because their actions were legal. The client's guilt or innocence will not matter at all. If this line of reasoning is taken for granted by the ENTP, others will perceive it as unethical and dishonest. ENTPs, for whom it is natural to essentially disregard the individual and human elements in decision making, should not forget about the subjective side of understanding the situation. This is a potential problem for all ENTPs. While logical capabilities give ENTPs strength and intention, they can also isolate them from their own feelings and those around them.
The least developed area of the ENTP is the area of sensing and feeling. If the sensory area is not given any attention, ENTPs will stop caring about the details of their lives. If ENTPs neglect their feelings, they will not value the personal contributions of individuals or will become too harsh and aggressive.
When under stress, ENTPs can lose their ability to see opportunities and become obsessed with unimportant minutiae. These little things may seem extremely important to ENTPs, but in reality they are usually not very important to the matter.
In general, ENTPs are good visionaries. They value knowledge highly and spend much of their lives seeking greater understanding of the order of things. They live in a world of possibilities and get excited by concepts, doubts and challenges. When faced with a problem, they are great at improvising and quickly finding a creative solution. Resourceful, intelligent, inquisitive, and theoretical, ENTPs are highly versatile.
ENFP/Initiator
ENFPs are warm, energetic, typically very bright and full of potential. They live in a world of possibilities and become excited and delighted by new circumstances. Their enthusiasm is greater than other types and gives them the ability to push and inspire those around them. ENFPs express themselves regardless of the situation. They love life, considering it a special gift, and try to take everything from it.
ENFPs have an unusually wide range of skills and talents. They are good at almost everything that interests them. Project-oriented, they can try themselves in various professions throughout their lives. To others, ENFPs may appear to be flighty people with no purpose, but in reality, ENFPs are highly consistent individuals who live by their own strong moral standards. Everything they do must be consistent with their values. ENFPs need to feel like they are living in alignment with their true selves, believing that what they believe is true. They see meaning everywhere and are in a constant search to adapt themselves and their life values with the sole goal of finding inner peace. They are constantly on guard and slightly afraid of losing contact with themselves. Since emotional excitement and the desire to be the center of attention are important parts of an ENFP's life, they tend to be full of emotions and have well-developed values.
ENFPs need to focus on completing their projects, otherwise they may get into trouble. Unlike other extroverted types, ENFPs need time alone to make sure the direction they are going is in line with their values. Goal-oriented ENFPs are usually quite successful in their endeavors. Others may have a habit of quitting when suddenly interested in new opportunities, so they never achieve much success.
Most ENFPs have brilliant human qualities. They are genuinely warm, interested individuals who place great importance on their relationships with others. ENFPs almost always have a strong need to please others. Sometimes, especially at a young age, ENFPs tend to be insincerely sentimental and hypocritical and can generally overdo their desire for recognition. Despite this, if an ENFP can once learn to balance the need to be truthful with himself with the need to be recognized, he will get rid of the desire to appear better than everyone else and, as a rule, will become truly loved. ENFPs have the exceptional ability to intuitively understand people after a short interaction and use their intuition and flexibility to establish communication on their own level.
Because ENFPs live in a world of exciting possibilities, the details of everyday life are perceived as unpleasant minutiae. They do not attach any importance to everyday issues and often forget about these things. They are not satisfied with themselves when they do have to do it. This problematic side affects many ENFPs and can be upsetting to those close to them.
ENFPs who have gone astray can manipulate people, and quite skillfully. The talkativeness they are endowed with helps them achieve whatever they want with ease. However, many ENFPs will not abuse this opportunity because it goes against their values.
ENFPs sometimes make serious errors in their judgment. They have an excellent natural ability to intuitively understand a person or situation, but when trying to make a decision based on the information received, they may come to the wrong conclusions.
ENFPs who don't learn to follow through can have trouble having happy marital relationships. They constantly see only what could be, so they may become bored with what actually exists. Although many ENFPs have a strong value system that initiates them into relationships. However, ENFPs enjoy being excited and are best suited to people who are comfortable with constant change and new experiences.
Children have a lot of fun with ENFP parents, but such parents can still cause stress in children with sensory and decisional tendencies. Such children may see ENFP parents as inconsistent people who are difficult to understand when parents drag children into their hurricane of emotions. ENFPs sometimes want to be best friends with their children, but can sometimes play the role of dictator. However, ENFPs are always consistent in their own value system, which they will primarily instill in their children along with a love of life.
ENFPs tend to be happy people. They can feel unhappy when constrained by rigid schedules and day-to-day obligations, so ENFPs work best in places where they are given freedom and where they can work with people and ideas. Many go into private work. They are capable of being highly productive with minimal supervision, as long as they are passionate about what they do.
Because ENFPs are so alert and impressionable, constantly aware of their surroundings, they often suffer from a lot of stress. They need to be independent and resist being controlled and labeled. They need to control themselves, so they do not believe in the control of others. Their dislike of dependence and suppression extends to others as well as themselves.
ENFPs are charming, open, risk-taking, impressionable, outgoing individuals with all sorts of abilities. They are endowed with many talents, which they will realize in order to improve themselves and those around them, if they learn to find balance and master the ability to follow generally accepted rules.
ESTJ/Administrator
ESTJs live in a world of facts and concrete needs. They live in the moment and constantly monitor their surroundings to ensure that everything runs smoothly and systematically. ESTJs respect tradition and the law and have a clear set of norms and beliefs. They expect the same from others and do not tolerate people who do not accept these rules. They value competence and effectiveness, so they like to see immediate results from their efforts.
ESTJs are decisive people and are eager to take on responsibility. They almost always know how everything should be and freely take leadership positions. They are self-confident and aggressive, extremely gifted at developing systems and plans of action, and at seeing what steps need to be taken to get things done. Sometimes they can be demanding and do not reach into their pockets for criticism, since they firmly hold on to their high beliefs and, if their standards are not accepted, they prefer to express all their dissatisfaction without reserve. However, their comments can be taken literally - ESTJs are extremely frank and honest.
Typically, ESTJs are exemplary citizens and pillars of society. They take their responsibilities seriously and follow their own standards of “good citizenship” to the last detail. ESTJs enjoy being with people and love to have fun. ESTJs can be active and cheerful in informal gatherings, especially in family, community, or work settings.
ESTJs should try not to get too caught up in the little things and be less harsh. Although they place a lot of weight on their own beliefs, it is important that they do not downplay the opinions and contributions of those around them. If ESTJs neglect their feelings, they will have trouble understanding people's needs for privacy and privacy, and may unknowingly hurt a person's feelings by applying logic and reason to situations where emotional sensitivity is required.
Stressed ESTJs are withdrawn. They feel misunderstood and underappreciated, and their efforts taken for granted. ESTJs have difficulty expressing emotions and communicating during times of stress, even though they have no difficulty expressing them under normal conditions.
ESTJs value safety and social order above all else, and therefore feel it is their responsibility to do whatever they can to improve the quality of these things. ESTJs believe that they should do everything to improve and advance these goals. They will mow the lawn, vote, attend homeowners' meetings, and generally do everything in their power to maintain personal and public safety.
ESTJs will put a lot of effort into any business they take on. They are extremely enthusiastic about doing whatever they feel is necessary in their work, marriage and society. ESTJs are honest, practical, realistic, and reliable individuals. While ESTJs will diligently do whatever is necessary to complete the practical part of a task, they can easily overlook or fail to appreciate the importance of things beyond its utilitarian scope. However, if ESTJs can see the importance of these things in real life, you can be sure that they will try their best to understand them and include them in their own plan to implement them.
ESFJ/Enthusiast
ESFJs are public figures, they love people and are warmly interested in them. They use their Sensing and Judging preferences to gather specific, detailed information about others and use this information to provide support. They are attracted to people and have a special skill in helping bring out the best in others. They read others extremely well and understand their points of view. A strong desire to please, or at least to be liked, makes them very sensitive to the needs of other people. People love being around ESFJs because ESFJs have a special gift for helping all people feel good about themselves.
ESFJs take their commitments very seriously and are very reliable. They value security and stability and are very focused on the details of life. They see better than others what needs to be done and do everything necessary until they are sure that everything is completed completely. They enjoy these types of tasks, and ESFJs have no equal in them.
ESFJs are warm and full of energy. They need the approval of others to feel good about themselves. They are hurt by indifference and do not understand ill will. They are very giving people who get great satisfaction from the happiness of others. They want to be valued for who they are and what they do. They are very sensitive to others and easily provide practical care. ESFJs are such caring people that they sometimes have a hard time seeing or accepting the painful truth about the person they care about.
With dominant extroverted feeling, ESFJs are focused on reading other people. They are driven by a strong desire to please and control. They are extremely good at understanding others and often change their own behavior to better please whoever they are interacting with at the moment.
The ESFJ's value system is determined by their environment. As a rule, they have well-formed views on how things should be and are not shy in expressing them. However, they prefer to compare their own values and morals with the world around them rather than with their internal value system. They may have a strong moral code, but that code will be determined by the society in which they live much more than by any internal factors.
ESFJs who grow up surrounded by a strong value system that upholds moral requirements and focuses on true kindness will readily become very kind and endlessly generous people who will gladly give their last shirt without a moment's hesitation. The selflessness of such people is sincere and pure. Those ESFJs who have not had the good fortune to develop their values and compare them with a good external system may have very questionable values. In such cases, ESFJs very often sincerely believe in the integrity of their imbalanced value system. Moreover, they do not have the inner understanding of the meaning of their own values to transform them properly. By comparing their own values with public values, they find enough support to justify any immoral act, no matter what it may be. ESFJs like these are truly dangerous people. Extroverted feeling drives them toward control and manipulation, and their lack of intuition prevents them from seeing the full picture. They are usually known and liked by people and are very good at manipulating them. However, unlike their ENFJ cousin, they do not have the intuition that can help them understand the real consequences of their own actions. They manipulate people to achieve their own goals, even though they believe that they follow a clear moral code in management.
All ESFJs tend to have a desire to control their environment. Their dominant function needs structure and organization and strives for completeness. ESFJs feel most comfortable in an environment of complete order. They do not enjoy dealing with things that involve abstract theoretical concepts or objective analysis. They actually enjoy tidying up and creating structure and are excellent at tasks that require these types of skills. ESFJs should be careful around people who don't like being controlled.
ESFJs respect and believe in the laws and rules of authority and believe that others should do the same. They are traditionalists and prefer to do things using proven methods rather than venturing into unknown boundaries. Their desire for security instills in them a willingness to accept and recognize the principles of the established system. This tendency can sometimes cause people to blindly accept rules without understanding them or questioning their validity.
ESFJs who are even slightly less than ideally developed may be predisposed to be insecure and focus all their attention on pleasing others. He or she may also be overly sensitive, overly controlling of others, and imagining bad intentions where there is none.
ESFJs share many of the qualities traditionally associated with women in our society. However, ESFJ men do not appear feminine at all. In contrast, it is typical for ESFJs to be very gender role conscious, and any of them will feel very comfortable in the role society has assigned to their gender. ESFJ men will be very masculine (but very sensual if you get to know them) and ESFJ women will be very feminine.
Well-balanced ESFJs are warm, pleasant, friendly, tactful, down to earth, practical, thorough, consistent, organized, energetic, enthusiastic, and helpful. They enjoy tradition and security, and strive for a stable life rich in interaction with friends and family.
ENTJ/Entrepreneur
ENTJs are born to be leaders. ENTJs live in a world of opportunity, see many goals that must be overcome, and want to be the one responsible for achieving them. They have a desire for leadership, which is reliably supported by their agility in moving from solving one complexity to another, the ability to perceive and store a large amount of objective information and quickly make adequate decisions. These people are happy to take the reins of power.
ENTJs are career-focused and fit naturally into the corporate world. They constantly monitor their environment for potential problems that can be solved. They tend to see things from a long-term perspective and are successful in developing plans to solve problems encountered, especially problems of a corporate nature. ENTJs tend to be successful in the business world due to their strong passion for leadership. They are tireless in their efforts at work and have a clear idea of who is really leading the organization.
There is no room for mistakes in the ENTJ world. They cannot stand to see mistakes repeated, do not tolerate incompetence, and become very harsh when their patience is tested in this area, because they are not in the habit of taking people's feelings into account; Moreover, they are not inclined to believe that they should adapt decisions to the feelings of others. ENTJs, like most types, have difficulty seeing things from perspectives other than their own, however, unlike others, ENTJs do not tolerate people who see things differently than themselves. ENTJs must consciously work to remember to value other people's opinions and handle feelings sensitively. In the absence of this, the ENTJ will become frantic, intimidating, and power-hungry. This can be a real challenge for the ENTJ and they may be deprived of important information and input from others, and in the area of personal relationships this can make some ENTJs overly domineering spouses and parents.
ENTJs have a huge amount of personal power and presence, which is the main force that allows them to achieve their goals. However, these abilities can also lead to insanity and grandiosity, which ENTJs should be wary of.
ENTJs are very energetic and determined individuals. They make decisions quickly and immediately demonstrate their own opinions and decisions to the world around them. ENTJs who do not develop their intuition will make decisions too hastily, without the necessary understanding of the issues and all possible solutions. On the other hand, non-thinking ENTJs will have trouble applying logic to their intuition and will often come to inappropriate conclusions. In this case, they may have brilliant ideas and a complete understanding of the situation, but too little skill in handling available information will not allow them to make adequate decisions and will make their actions inconsistent. ENTJs who are less than ideally developed in general can become autocratic and harsh, persistently giving orders and instructions without a clear justification for their reasons, without taking into account the personalities of the people associated with them.
Even though ENTJs don't really care about people's feelings, they often have strong sentimental traits. These traits usually affect ENTJs positively, although they may tend to hide them from others as a sign of weakness. Since feelings and values are not an area in which ENTJs are accustomed to operating, they can sometimes make harsh moral judgments and seek support from deep-seated emotions that are unfounded and inappropriate, which brings them nothing but trouble, sometimes very serious trouble.
ENTJs love to interact with people. They are extroverts, therefore, they receive energy and stimulation mainly from the outside. Nothing gives ENTJs more pleasure and satisfaction than a lively and challenging conversation. They especially respect people who are able not only to withstand themselves, but also to substantiate their own point of view. Not too many people can do this because the ENTJ is a very strong and dynamic opponent with enormous self-confidence and excellent verbal communication skills. This is why even the most self-confident individuals can sometimes experience doubts when debating with an ENTJ.
ENTJs want their homes to be beautiful, well furnished, and sensibly maintained. They tend to place special emphasis on the good education of their children and desire a pleasant and committed relationship with their mate. At home, ENTJs need to be in leadership positions as much as they are in them in their careers. The ENTJ gets along best with those who have the same clear self-image and who are thinking types. Because ENTJs are primarily career-focused, some have difficulty being away from home, either physically or mentally.
ENTJs have a lot of strengths that give them great power if they remember to maintain balance in their lives. They are assertive, innovative and visionary, with an excellent ability to translate possibilities and theories into precise plans of action. As a rule, these are extremely energetic individuals who have sufficient means to achieve any goals they set.
ENFJ/Mentor
ENFJs are people-oriented individuals. They live in the world of human possibilities and have better human qualities than other types. They understand and care about people and have a special talent for finding the best in others. The ENFJ's main interest in life is to provide love, support, and a good time to others. They focus on understanding, supporting and encouraging people. They turn people's desires into accomplished facts and get the highest pleasure from it.
Because ENFJs' human qualities are so exceptional, they have the ability to make people do exactly what they want. They get into people's souls and see what kind of reaction people expect. ENFJs' motives are usually selfless, but it is not uncommon for less-than-ideal ENFJs to use their power over people to manipulate them.
ENFJs are so outwardly focused that spending time alone is especially important to them. This can be difficult for some ENFJs because when they are alone they tend to dwell on dark thoughts and berate themselves. Consequently, ENFJs may try to avoid solitude and fill their lives with activities that attract people. ENFJs tend to determine their life's direction and priorities according to the needs of others and may be oblivious to their own needs. Putting the needs of others above their own is a characteristic of the ENFJ type, but they must also consider their own needs so as not to sacrifice themselves to the desire to help others.
ENFJs are less likely to put themselves out there than other extroverted types. They may have strong beliefs, but they will choose to refrain from expressing them if such behavior will interfere with finding the best in people. Because their highest interest is to be a catalyst for change in those around them, they will be more willing to interact with others in a "chameleon" manner than to be unique individuals.
But this does not mean that ENFJs do not have opinions of their own. They have certain values and beliefs that they know how to express clearly and concisely. These beliefs will be expressed until they become too personal. ENFJs are emotional and open in many situations, but are more focused on being responsive and supportive of others. When they are faced with a conflict between a strictly stated value and serving another person's need, they are more willing to choose the other person's need over the value.
ENFJs can feel completely alone even when surrounded by people. This feeling of loneliness can be exacerbated by a tendency not to show your true self.
People love ENFJs. They are fun to be around and truly understand and love people. They tend to be very frank and honest. ENFJs tend to be self-confident and have the amazing ability to do many different things at once. These are, as a rule, bright, full of potential, energetic and efficient people. They are often good at anything that gets their attention.
ENFJs like things to be well planned and will work hard to maintain order and resolve uncertainty. They tend to be fussy, especially at home.
ENFJs work well where they have the opportunity to interact with people. They are created for social committees. Their uncanny ability to understand people and say only what needs to be said to make them happy makes them natural advisors. They love to be the center of attention and are good in situations where they can inspire and lead others, such as teaching.
ENFJs do not like to deal with objective reasoning. They do not understand or appreciate its merits and become disheartened when they are forced to deal with logic and facts that are not related to the human factor. They live in the world of human possibilities and enjoy their plans more than their achievements. They are concerned about future possibilities, but the present can be worrying and boring.
ENFJs have a special gift for connecting with people and are generally happiest when they can use their gifts to help others. They take great pleasure in helping people. Their genuine interest in humanity and exceptional intuitive interest make it possible to get even the most reserved people talking.
ENFJs have a strong need for closed and intimate relationships and will put a lot of effort into creating and maintaining these relationships. They are very loyal and reliable if they ever commit themselves to a relationship.
ENFJs who have not developed their senses may have difficulty making good decisions and may begin to rely heavily on other people's ability to make decisions. If they do not develop their intuition, they may not recognize opportunities and will judge things too quickly, based on generally accepted value systems or social norms, without proper understanding of the situation at hand. ENFJs who have not found their place on earth are likely to become extremely sensitive to criticism and prone to excessive worry and intense feelings of guilt. In addition, they will shamelessly manipulate and control others.
In general, ENFJs are charming, warm, generous, creative, and diverse individuals with a well-developed ability to see what makes people tick. This special ability to see the amount of potential in others, combined with a sincere desire to help people, makes ENFJs truly valuable individuals. As selfless and caring as ENFJs can be, they need to value their own needs along with the needs of those around them.
ISTJ/Inspector
ISTJs are quiet and reserved individuals interested in security and a peaceful life. They have a strong inner sense of duty, which gives them motivation and seriousness to their intentions. Organized and methodical, they can achieve success in any business they undertake.
ISTJs are very loyal, loyal, and reliable. They place great emphasis on honesty and cohesion. These are “good citizens” who will do what is right for their families and organizations every day. Although ISTJs take things very seriously, they have a brilliant sense of humor and know how to have a lot of fun - especially with family or at informal work-related gatherings.
ISTJs tend to believe in law and tradition and expect the same from others. Forced to break laws or go against rules, they feel uncomfortable. If they see a good reason to deviate from established routines, they will do so, but ISTJs are more likely to believe that everything must be done according to plans and procedures. If ISTJs don't develop their intuition at all, they can become obsessed with regulations and insist that everything be done "the way it's supposed to be done."
ISTJs are incredibly true to their words and always do what they promise. For this reason, more and more work is sometimes transferred to them. ISTJs have such a strong sense of duty that they may find it difficult to say no when they are given a volume of work that they find difficult to handle. Therefore, ISTJs often work overtime, which gives them many advantages.
ISTJs devote a lot of time to work and invest a huge amount of energy in any task that, from their point of view, is important to achieving the final goal. At the same time, they prefer to refrain from spending energy on things that mean little to them or for which they see no practical use. They prefer to work alone, but if the situation demands, they can work well in a team. They strive to be thorough in everything they undertake, and love to have authority in their chosen field.
ISTJs rarely theorize or use abstract thinking, but their practical application skills are excellent. ISTJs have a great respect for facts and carry a huge variety of events and trivia in their heads, collected through their sensory preferences. They may have difficulty understanding ideas or concepts that are far from their personal worldview, however, if the importance and relevance of the idea to someone they respect or care about is demonstrated, the idea becomes a fact that the ISTJ will embrace and support . Once they have supported a cause or idea, ISTJs will stop at nothing, believing that they are fulfilling their duty to provide support where it is needed.
ISTJs generally do not consider their own feelings or the feelings of others. They may have serious problems quickly understanding the emotional needs of those around them. Being by nature perfectionists, they are not inclined to encourage the diligence of others, as well as to encourage diligence in themselves. However, ISTJs should not forget to thank people from time to time for the things they are obligated to do.
Typically, ISTJs feel uncomfortable expressing their own emotions and affections to others. However, a strong sense of duty and the ability to see what needs to be done in a given situation usually allows them to overcome their natural reserve, causing them to become very tender and caring with the people they love. Once they understand the emotional needs of loved ones, the ISTJ will always try to satisfy them.
ISTJs are extremely honest and loyal. They are committed to traditions, have a family mentality (synonym - clan thinking - approx. trans.), They will make a lot of efforts to ensure that everything in their home and circle of close people goes well. They are responsible parents and take their parenting responsibilities seriously. They usually take good and generous care of their family and are very attentive to those close to them, although sometimes they feel uncomfortable expressing their love. ISTJs prefer to express their feelings through actions rather than words.
ISTJs have an excellent ability to accept a task, define it, organize it, plan it, and ensure its complete completion. They are very hard workers and do not let obstacles get in the way of them and their responsibilities. They usually do not leave themselves an extra chance to complete the work, since they see the completion of the work as an ordinary fulfillment of their obligations.
ISTJs typically have a great sense of space and the purpose of things, as well as a keen aesthetic taste. Their homes are usually pleasantly furnished and impeccably kept in order. They listen extremely strongly to their feelings and want to be in an environment that would satisfy their needs for order, routine and beauty.
When under stress, ISTJs can go into “catastrophe mode,” where they see nothing but what can go wrong. They begin to berate themselves for things they could have done differently or for obligations they could not fulfill. In such situations, they lose the ability to look at things calmly and rationally, driving themselves into depression with their own anticipations of defeat.
Generally speaking, ISTJs have great potential. Skillful, logical, intelligent and efficient individuals, driven by a desire to ensure safety and a peaceful life, ISTJs have what it takes to effectively achieve their chosen goals - whatever they may be.
ISFJ/Guardian
ISFJs live in a concrete and kind world. They are genuinely warm and kind and want to believe the best in people. They value harmony and interaction and tend to be very sensitive to other people's feelings. ISFJs are valued by others for their perspective, awareness, and ability to see the best in people due to their relentless desire to find the best.
ISFJs have a rich inner world that is not always accessible to observers. They constantly receive and accumulate information about people and situations that are important to them. This vast store of information is usually surprisingly consistent because ISFJs are excellent at remembering things that are important to their value system. It's not unusual for ISFJs to remember a certain facial expression or conversation in great detail years after the event that made an impression on them occurred.
ISFJs are very clear about how things should be and strive to make it happen. They value safety and kindness, respect traditions and the law. They believe that established routines exist because they work. Therefore, they are reluctant to do something in new ways until they are specifically shown that this new thing is better than what already exists.
ISFJs learn better by doing than by reading a book or applying theory. For this reason, they tend not to work in fields that require abstract analysis or theory. They value practical application. Traditional methods of higher education, which require a huge amount of theorizing and abstraction, tend to become an unpleasant chore. ISFJs learn best if they have been shown practical application. Once tasks are learned and their practical importance understood, ISFJs will faithfully and tirelessly carry them through to completion. ISFJs are extremely loyal.
ISFJs have an extremely well-developed sense of space, purpose, and aesthetic appeal. For this reason, they prefer to have beautifully furnished and functional homes. They make excellent interior decorators. This special ability, coupled with their sensitivity to the feelings and desires of others, makes them incredibly caring and allows them to choose the right gifts that will be truly appreciated by the recipient.
More than other types, ISFJs are highly aware of their internal feelings, as well as the feelings of those around them. They usually do not express their own feelings and keep them inside. If these are negative feelings, they can gradually intensify within the ISFJ until they turn into specific decisions against people that, once established, are difficult to eradicate. Many ISFJs learn to express themselves and find an outlet for their strong emotions.
Just as ISFJs are reluctant to express their feelings, they are also reluctant to show that they know how others feel. However, they will talk openly when they feel that someone really needs their help. In such situations, they can truly help others by being aware of their feelings.
ISFJs have a strong sense of responsibility and duty. They take their responsibilities very seriously and can be counted on to see things through to completion. Therefore, people usually rely on them without any doubt. ISFJs have a hard time saying “no” when asked to do something, so they can become overly busy. In these cases, ISFJs usually do not talk about their difficulties to others because they really dislike conflict and also because they tend to put the needs of others above their own. ISFJs need to learn to identify, evaluate, and express their needs if they want to avoid being burdened by things they take for granted.
ISFJs need positive feedback from others. In the absence of positive feedback or in the face of criticism, ISFJs lose self-confidence and may become depressed. When depressed or under extreme stress, ISFJs begin to remember all the things that went wrong in their lives. They develop intense feelings of inadequacy and convince themselves that “everything is going wrong” or “I can’t do anything right.”
ISFJs are warm, kind, and independent. They have many special gifts, bringing to the attention of others their sensitivity and ability to keep things on track. They must remember not to be too demanding of themselves and give themselves a little warmth and love, which they can openly share with others.
INTJ/Analyst
INTJs live in a world of ideas and strategic planning. They value intelligence, knowledge and competence, and in these areas they tend to have high standards, which they strive to consistently implement. They expect no less from others.
With dominant introverted intuition, INTJs focus their energy on closely observing the world and forming ideas and possibilities. Their minds are constantly collecting information and making associations regarding it. People of this type are extremely insightful and usually understand new ideas very quickly. However, their highest interest is not in understanding the concept, but in its rational application. Unlike INTPs, they do not follow an idea as long as they can, but only try to understand it completely. They strive to come to decisions regarding thoughts and ideas. Their desire for completion and organization usually requires them to take action rather than sit idly by.
The great value they attach to system and organization, combined with their natural insight, makes them brilliant scientists. The INTJ scientist benefits our society by shaping his own ideas into a form that is convenient for his followers. INTJs have a hard time expressing their inner images, intuitions, and abstractions. The internal form of the INTJ's thoughts and concepts is highly individualized and is not ready to be translated into a form that others can understand. However, the INTJ tries to translate their ideas into a plan or system, usually easy to understand, rather than making a direct translation of their own thoughts. In most cases, they do not see the value of direct translation, and in addition, they experience difficulties in expressing their own ideas, which, as a rule, are non-linear. However, their utmost respect for knowledge and information motivates them to express their thoughts to a person who seems worthy of it.
INTJs are natural leaders, although they usually prefer to stay in the background until they see a real need to take on the leadership role. In leadership positions, they are quite effective because they are able to objectively see the real state of affairs, and are flexible enough to change things that are not working well. They are the greatest strategists - constantly scanning available ideas and concepts, assessing their usefulness in the context of the current strategy, trying to adapt it to unforeseen circumstances.
INTJs spend a lot of time inside their own heads and may not have much interest in other people's thoughts and feelings. If their feeling side is poorly developed, they may have problems providing the level of close relationships (intimacy) required by the people around them. With insufficient sensory development, they may be inclined to ignore the details necessary to implement their ideas.
The INTJ's greatest interest in interacting with the world is making decisions, expressing judgments, and arranging everything they encounter into a system that makes sense and makes sense. Consequently, they are quick to express judgments. They often have outstanding intuition and are confident that they are right. Although they complement their intuitive understanding with a well-developed ability to express hunches, they often find themselves misunderstood. In such cases, INTJs are more likely to attribute misunderstandings to the limitations of the other party rather than to their own difficulties in expressing themselves.
INTJs are ambitious, confident, cautious, forward thinkers. Many INTJs pursue careers in engineering or science, although some enter the business world in areas that require organization and strategic planning. They don't like clutter and inefficiency and generally anything that is confusing and vague. They value clarity and efficiency and will invest enormous amounts of energy and time into organizing their decisions and intuitions into well-structured forms.
People around them may have difficulty understanding the INTJ. They may see INTJs as aloof and closed off. INTJs don't really show much of their own feelings and don't tend to express as much praise and positive encouragement as others need or want. This does not mean that he or she does not really feel sympathy and affection for others, it is just uncharacteristic for them to feel the need to express them. Others may mistakenly perceive INTJs as stern and going their own way. Nothing could be less true because INTJs are always looking for the objectively best strategy to implement their ideas and are usually willing to listen to alternative courses of action.
When under extreme stress, INTJs can become obsessed with crazy sensory activities, such as drinking to excess. They may also be prone to getting caught up in little things and details that they would not normally consider important to the final goal.
INTJs should be mindful of the need to fully express themselves - this will avoid the difficulties of misunderstandings with people. Without well-developed communication skills, they may become abrupt and curt when interacting with people, and sometimes even withdraw completely from the outside world.
INTJs have a tremendous amount of ability to accomplish great things. They have an understanding of the big picture and strive to synthesize direct plans of action from their concepts. Reasoning abilities give them the ability to achieve this. Almost always, INTJs are very competent people and will have no problems with careers and learning. They are capable of achieving great success in these areas. Personally, it's all up to the INTJ to practice tolerance and make an effort to effectively express themselves to others in order to have an abundant and rewarding life.
INFJ/ Humanist
INFJs are very kind, caring, deep, and extremely intuitive individuals. Artistic and creative, they live in a world of hidden meanings and possibilities.
INFJs place great importance on being neat and systematic in the world around them. They invest enormous amounts of energy in determining the best way to do things and constantly define and redefine their priorities. On the other hand, INFJs do not act on their own, but on the basis of intuition, which is absolutely spontaneous. They perceive things intuitively without pinpointing the cause and without detailed knowledge of the subject. They are usually right and they know it. Consequently, INFJs trust their instincts and hunches immensely. This conflict between the inner and outer worlds can cause INFJs to not be as organized as other decision types. Or you can see some signs of disorder in the opposite tendency towards order, such as a constantly dirty table.
INFJs have an incredible ability to see through people and situations. They get "hunches" about things and understand them intuitively. One incredible example: Some INFJs report experiences of a psychic nature, such as a premonition that something has happened to a loved one. It later turns out that he was in a car accident. Other types reject or scoff at this trait, and INFJs themselves do not fully understand their intuition at the level at which it can be expressed in words. Therefore, most INFJs protect their inner selves and only share with those they choose to share it with, and only when they want to do so. INFJs are deep, complex, rather solitary individuals who tend to be difficult to understand. They always leave a part of themselves secret and this can make them withdrawn.
But INFJs are genuinely warm, as well as deep. INFJs hold a special place in the hearts of those closest to them, who are able to see their special abilities and the depth of their caring. INFJs are sensitive to the feelings of others and try to be gentle in order to avoid offending anyone. They are very susceptible to conflicts that they do not tolerate. Situations charged with conflict can send the normally peaceful INFJ into a state of confusion or violent anger. They tend to let conflicts pass through them and get health problems under conditions of extreme stress.
Because INFJs are deeply intuitive, they trust their instincts most. This can contribute to their stubbornness and tendency to ignore the opinions of others. They are sure they are right. On the other hand, INFJs are perfectionists who doubt that they are living up to their full potential. INFJs are rarely at peace with themselves—there is always something else they need to fix about themselves and the world around them. They believe in constant growth and often take no time to enjoy their own accomplishments. They have a strong value system and want to live by what they feel is right. Out of respect for the Feeling aspects, INFJs are kind and easy-going. On the other hand, they expect a lot from themselves and often from their family. They do not compromise on their ideals.
INFJs are true “nurturers”: patient, gentle and protective. They become loving parents and develop close relationships with their children. They expect a lot from their children and push them to be the best they can be. Sometimes this can manifest itself as hard-nosedness. But in general, INFJ children become sincere and devoted to parental guidance along with deep caring.
When it comes to work, INFJs tend to excel in areas where they can be creative and somewhat independent. They have a natural attraction to the arts, and many excel in science, where they use their intuition. INFJs can also work in the service industry. They are not very good at small things and detailed tasks. INFJs will either avoid such tasks or resort to the other extreme: surrounding themselves with details to the point that they cannot see the whole picture. Once petty, INFJs can be extremely demanding of other people.
INFJs are gifted in ways that other types are not. Life isn't always easy for INFJs, but they are capable of amazing depth of feeling and personal achievement.
ISTP/Master
ISTPs have an irresistible desire to understand how things work. They are good at logical analysis and are very willing to apply it to practical situations. They tend to be very persuasive, even if they are not interested in theories and concepts until they see practical application. They love to look at things in detail and figure out how they work.
First and foremost, ISTPs are independent and need space to make their own decisions about their next move. They don't believe in following rules and regulations because it prevents them from "doing their own thing." ISTPs have a spirit of adventure. They are attracted to motorcycles, airplanes, skydiving, surfing and more. They are crazy about action and are generally fearless. Their thirst for adventure and desire to constantly be on the move leads to the fact that ISTPs quickly become bored with their routine.
ISTPs are true to their motives and beliefs and firmly believe that people should be treated impartially and fairly. Although they do not respect the laws of the "System", they follow their own concepts and rules about what it means to behave honestly, and will never take part in anything that goes against their personal rules. The ISTP is extremely loyal and loyal to his “brothers.”
ISTPs enjoy spending time alone and need it because this is when they can sort things out in their head most clearly. They perceive a huge number of impersonal facts from the world around them and sort through them alone, making decisions based on them.
ISTPs cannot sit idle and, when busy, like to stay in shape. They are not the type of people who will sit at a desk all day and plan for the long term. Adaptable and spontaneous, they are responsible only for what they immediately leave behind. They usually have excellent technical abilities and can become effective leaders in this field. They focus on details and practical details. They have an excellent sense of purpose and grasp details on the fly, allowing them to make quick, effective decisions.
ISTPs avoid making decisions based on personal values - they believe that judgments and decisions should be based on facts and be impartial. In fact, they rarely consider the impression they make on others. They not only do not pay the slightest attention to their own feelings, but they do not even believe them and try to ignore them, since they have difficulty distinguishing between emotional reactions and value judgments. This can be very difficult for most ISTPs.
ISTPs excel in crisis situations. Most of them are good athletes and have good coordination. They skillfully manage projects and tie up lost ends. They usually don't have big problems with school because they are introverts capable of logical thinking. As a rule, they are patient individuals, although they are prone to emotional outbursts due to their inattention to their own feelings.
ISTPs have many natural abilities that allow them to achieve high levels in many very different areas. However, they are happiest when they have the opportunity to focus on a task that requires constant activity, detailed logical analysis, and technical skills. They take great pride in their ability to make the next step the right one.
ISTPs are optimistic, full of good humor, loyal to their peers, simple in their desires, generous, trusting and sensitive people who do not limit themselves to commitments.
ISFP/Mediator
ISFPs live in a sensory world. They care about how things look, smell, sound, feel and taste. ISFPs have a keen aesthetic sense and are typically good artists, unusually gifted at creating and composing things that strongly appeal to the senses. ISFPs have a clear set of values that they strongly follow. ISFPs need to feel like they are living what they feel is true, so they will rebel against anything that conflicts with their worldview. They typically choose jobs and careers that provide them with the freedom to work toward values-oriented personal goals.
ISFPs tend to be quiet and reserved, which makes it difficult to get to know them well. They keep their ideas and beliefs to themselves, trusting them only with those closest to them. They are usually kind, gentle and impressionable when interacting with people. ISFPs are interested in people being healthy and happy, and they invest enormous amounts of energy and effort into causes in which they believe.
ISFPs have a passion for aesthetics and beauty. They tend to love animals and are able to appreciate nature. ISFPs are original and independent individuals who need personal space. They value people who will take the time to understand and support them in their unique way of achieving their goals. People who don't know ISFPs well may think that their unusual lifestyle is just a sign of frivolity, but in fact ISFPs take life very seriously, constantly accumulating information and putting it to the test of their value system in order to find clarity and meaning behind at the core of things.
ISFPs are very active individuals. They are "creators" and usually feel uncomfortable theorizing about concepts and ideas until they see practical application for them. ISFPs learn faster in hands-on settings, so they quickly become bored with traditional teaching methods that emphasize abstract thinking. They don't like objective analysis, so they find it difficult to make decisions that are based strictly on logic. They believe that decision making depends on subjective beliefs rather than objective rules and laws.
ISFPs are extremely attentive and caring towards people. They accumulate information about others and try to figure out what it means. They are, as a rule, extremely careful in perceiving information about people.
ISFPs are very warm and empathetic people. They genuinely care about those around them and are extremely helpful in their desire to help. They care extraordinarily for those closest to them and tend to show their love through actions rather than words.
ISFPs do not want to control and manage, just as they do not want to be controlled and managed. They need a place and time for solitude in order to evaluate the conditions of their own life and reconcile them with their own value system. ISFPs are very respectful of other people's needs.
ISFPs don't let themselves slack off when they do the things they do well. Because of their value system, ISFPs are committed perfectionists and even criticize themselves with excessive severity.
ISFPs have a variety of abilities, especially in the areas of artistic expression and selfless service to others. ISFPs don't see life as easy because they take it so seriously, but they have everything they need to make their lives and the lives of their loved ones rich in rewarding experiences.
INTP/Critic
INTPs live in a world of theoretical possibilities. They see everything in the context of how it could be improved or what it could be turned into. They live primarily within their own minds and are able to analyze complex problems, recognize patterns, and provide logical explanations. They seek clarity in everything and strive to acquire and create knowledge. These are the "absent-minded professors" who highly value intelligence and the ability to apply logic to theories to find solutions. They have such a strong desire to give logical explanations to problems that they spend most of their lives inside their own heads and may not attach much value or importance to the world around them. Their natural desire to distill theories into a form suitable for concrete understanding can translate into a sense of personal responsibility for solving theoretical problems and helping society move toward fuller understanding.
INTPs value knowledge above all else. Their minds are constantly working to create new theories, prove or disprove existing ones. They approach problems and theories with enthusiasm and skepticism, ignoring existing rules and opinions, and creating their own approach to the solution. They look for patterns and logical explanations in everything that interests them. They are usually extremely intelligent and capable of providing objective criticism in their analysis. They love new ideas and get excited by abstractions and theories. They love to discuss these concepts with others. They may appear "dreamy" and detached from others because they spend a lot of time thinking about theories inside their own heads. They hate working with routine things - they would much rather create complex theoretical solutions, leaving the implementation of the system to others. They are very interested in theories and spend a lot of time and energy to find a solution to a problem that piques their curiosity.
INTPs do not like to lead or control people. They are very tolerant and flexible in most situations, however, as soon as one of their sacred beliefs is violated or challenged, they will take a very rigid position. INTPs tend to be very shy when it comes to meeting new people. On the other hand, the INTP is very confident and outgoing around people he knows well, or when discussing theories that he fully understands.
The INTP does not understand or place value on decisions made based on personal subjectivity or feelings. They always strive to bring things to their logical conclusion and do not understand the importance or significance of subjective emotional views in decision making. For this reason, INTPs tend to be insensitive to how people feel and naturally lack the ability to meet the emotional needs of others.
INTPs may have problems with striving for grandeur and social rebellion, which conflicts with their creativity. Because their feeling side is at its weakest, INTPs have trouble expressing the warmth and support needed in close relationships. If an INTP does not understand the importance of being considerate of people's feelings, they may become overly critical and sarcastic with other people. If an INTP is unable to find a place where they can use their greatest strengths, they may become pessimistic and cynical. If the INTP does not sufficiently develop their sensory side, they may become unresponsive to their surroundings and become weak in performing regular tasks, such as paying bills and choosing appropriate clothing.
For INTPs, it is extremely important that ideas and facts are expressed correctly and concisely. They prefer to express themselves through ideas that they consider absolute truths. Sometimes their well-thought-out understanding of an idea is not easily understood by others, but INTPs do not tend to voluntarily cherry-pick the truth just to explain it clearly to others. INTPs may be inclined to abandon a project once they have fully imagined it and move on to the next thing. It is important that INTPs place great importance on clearly expressing the theories they have developed. After all, an amazing discovery means nothing if only you understand it.
INTPs tend to be very independent, unconventional and original people. They don't tend to place much importance on traditional goals like popularity and security. They tend to have complex personalities and tend to be restless and temperamental. They are very creative and have the ability to think outside the box, which allows them to analyze ideas in an unconventional way. A huge number of scientific discoveries in the world have been made by INTPs.
The INTP works on his theory as best he can if he does it independently of others. The INTP can do truly remarkable things when given an environment that supports their creative genius and possible change. They are the pioneers of new ideas in our society.
INFP/Romantic
INFPs, more than other intuitive feeling types, are focused on making the world a better place. Their goal is to find the meaning of life. What is their purpose and how best can they maintain humanity in their lives? They are idealists and perfectionists who stubbornly strive to achieve their goals.
INFPs are extremely intuitive when it comes to people. They rely heavily on their intuition and follow it, using their discoveries to constantly search for the values of life. They continually search for the truth and meaning behind things. Every event and every piece of knowledge is put to the test by the INFP's value system and evaluated for its potential to help the INFP determine or improve their own behavior. In the end, the goal is always the same - to help people and make this world a better place.
INFPs are typically caring and considerate individuals who are good listeners and are at ease when interacting with people. They can be stingy in expressing emotions, but despite this, they are very deeply thoughtful and sincerely interested in understanding people. This sincerity is felt by others and makes the INFP a valuable friend who can be trusted with any secrets. The INFP can be warm with people he or she knows well.
INFPs don't like conflict and will go to great lengths to avoid it. If INFPs do encounter them, it is always from the perspective of their own feelings. In conflict situations, INFPs do not give much importance to who is right and who is wrong. They don't care whether they are right because they go by their feelings. They don't want to feel bad, which sometimes makes them look absurd in such situations. On the other hand, INFPs are very good conciliators who are usually kind in resolving conflicts, they are able to intuitively understand the feelings of the person they sincerely want to help.
INFPs are compliant and calm as long as their values are not violated. If something threatens their value system, INFPs become aggressive defenders, firmly standing up for an opinion. A job or project that interests INFPs becomes their “life’s work.” They are not focused on studying details and details; when working on the “work of life” they will protect themselves from any possible detail with determination and strength.
When it comes to everyday small things, INFPs tend to be completely inept. Carried away by their work, they may not notice stains on the carpet for a long time, but diligently blow off specks of dust from their project booklet.
INFPs don't like bare facts and logic. They are focused on their feelings, so it is difficult for them to look at things objectively. They don't believe in objective thinking and don't understand the value of it, so they are quite ineffective at using this kind of thinking. Most INFPs avoid objective analysis, although some develop this ability and become quite logical. In stressful situations, INFPs tend to forget about strict logic, carelessly throwing facts one after another in a fit of anger.
INFPs have high standards and strive for excellence in everything. They are usually demanding of themselves and do not give themselves an extra chance. INFPs may have trouble working on a team project because their standards are higher than those of the rest of the group. In group situations they may have “control” problems. INFPs need to work on reconciling their high ideals with the conditions of everyday life. Without resolving this conflict, they will never be satisfied with themselves, because they may become confused and not know what to do with their lives.
INFPs tend to be talented writers. They find it difficult and awkward to express themselves verbally, but have an excellent ability to express their feelings on paper. INFPs often choose socially oriented professions (consultant, teacher). They feel best in positions where they have the opportunity to work for the benefit of society and where they rarely have to use clear logic.
If an INFP works hard on his/her strengths, he/she will achieve amazing success. Many of the great scientists who made the greatest discoveries in the humanities were INFPs.
- Psychology: personality and business
Keywords:
1 -1
The article discusses the development of Jung's typology. The American and domestic branches of the development of his ideas are compared. The overlaps and divergences between socionics and MBTI are discussed.
Key words: Jung, socionics, MBTI, Myers-Briggs typology, tests, theory, distribution.
As you know, the analogue of socionics in the USA is the Myers-Briggs typology, which is often briefly called MBTI after the name of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) questionnaire - Today it is an officially recognized test and scientific direction in psychology. More than 3 million typings are carried out per year in the USA alone; 86 of the 100 largest companies form teams taking this typology into account.
Developing independently and, accordingly, having differences in terminology and models, socionics and MBTI still represent one scientific direction and coincide in the main thing: types and their descriptions. At the same time, many of the obstacles that socionics faces today are already a passed stage in the development and recognition of MBTI.
Socionics and MBTI, being in unrelated, parallel development, repeat the history of many exact and natural sciences, which for a long time developed on opposite sides of the Iron Curtain or oceans. Examples of such development can be aircraft rocket science, cybernetics, genetics and many other sciences. Today we see that MBTI is more focused on practical application, while socionics is more focused on deep study of the theoretical part, as well as on the development of additional models.
What is socionics?
T.N. Prokofiev describes the basis of socionic theory as follows:
“The socionics approach is based on the idea of K.G. Jung about the presence of mental functions in a person, each of which performs its own work. K.G. Jung identified four mental functions: thinking, feeling, intuition, sensation, which can be considered as channels for perceiving, processing and transmitting information of varying quality. By analogy with the natural metabolism of cells, the flow of information coming to a person is split by the psyche into separate components. But not just any one, but a specific channel corresponding only to it is responsible for receiving and processing each of these components.”
In this regard, A. Augustinavichiute writes:
“The discovery of C. G. Jung is the discovery of a mechanism for selecting signals perceived by the psyche. This mechanism can be called the information metabolism (IM) code or the rules of the language through which information is transmitted.” Therefore, the second name of Socionics is “the theory of types of information metabolism.”
In socionics, Jung's mental functions are renamed by A. Augustinavichiute, and thinking, feeling, intuition and sensations are called logic, ethics, intuition and sensory, respectively.
“By presenting, following Jung, each of the four functions in an extroverted and introverted setting, Aushra received eight mental functions, which correspond to eight aspects of information flow. The combination of computer science and psychology made it possible for Aušra Augustinavičiūta to build models of the structure of psychological types. Model A is built in accordance with the position of S. Freud's psychoanalysis on the structure of the psyche, including consciousness and the unconscious: ego - superego - id. The structure is depicted as two rings of functions. The mental ring reflects primarily the social in a person, the vital ring reflects the biological. The socionic model serves for reliable diagnosis of psychological types, as well as for determining the relationships between personality types» .
What is MBTI?
In 1921 K.G. Jung published a book called Psychological Types, the academic language of which was difficult for the layman to understand, and, accordingly, few could apply his ideas in practice. However, during World War II, two American women, Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katherine Briggs, developed an accessible way to use Jung's ideas in everyday life. Their goal was to give people the ability to easily determine their type without diving deeply into Jung's academic theory.
The Myers-Briggs Indicator has been the subject of extensive scientific analysis and study, and considerable evidence has been collected for the validity and reliability of the test (Carlson, 1985; Furnham & Stringfield, 1993). The Myer-Briggs Indicator Form G is based on Jung's teachings about personality types. Typing is carried out in a self-diagnosis format using a test printed on paper. It consists of 94 questions with a choice of one of 2 answer options. Based on these answers, preferences are determined according to the four dichotomies described in Jung’s theory: extraversion/introversion (Extraversion–Introversion), sensory/intuition (Sensation–Intuition), logic/ethics (Thinking–Feeling), rationality/irrationality (Judging–Perceiving). By the way, it should be noted that the Russian word “irrationality” has a negative connotation, corresponding to the Russian “unreasonable”. “Form G” is a marking of the evolutionary development of the questionnaire, which went through several stages of clarifying questions based on the results of a scientific analysis of the methodology and results of this test. Thus, MBTI theory currently defines dichotomies, types (16), and several small groups have been described.
The MBTI is the most popular test in the United States and, according to written sources, in the world. It is mainly used in business and education to work more effectively with students and employees in corporations. The test results are used primarily for career guidance, as well as to determine your leadership style and to form effective teams. Those. Most often, the test is financed not by the person being typed, but by an interested organization. There are special practices and exercises aimed at teaching employees to use their strengths to more effectively solve problems and to better understand the actions and thinking of other team members.
The questionnaire is also informally used during hiring, although the MBTI organization itself is categorically against this and regards it as discrimination. In the USA, the resume does not indicate gender, age, nationality or skin color, because... If denied, the company may be sued for denial on grounds of discrimination, even if the person provided the information themselves. That is, for ethical reasons, the MBTI is considered a tool for improving the inclusion of people in the work process, and not for filtering.
It is important to note that MBTI is not a science, it is a product. It was created to make Jung's type theory accessible to people, and the result is a branded, proprietary test. The test has been developed for decades, tested and verified. But nevertheless, the test itself is a derivative of psychology, including Jungian psychology, which is developing and includes interpretations and analysis of the MBTI test.
The main development in the popularity of MBTI is thought to have occurred in the 1970s, with 1.5 million typings recorded in 1986 and 3.5 million typings in 2011. This means personal paid typing followed by work with a licensed specialist.
Anyone can obtain the right to use the test by completing a four-day training and briefly learning how to interpret its results. The main target audience is personal growth coaches, corporate trainers and psychologists. Psychology in the USA is a licensed profession. Therefore, according to the law, in order to work with clients, you must constantly gain qualification points for professional education and pass exams every 5-10 years. The MBTI is part of a scoring system in psychology.
Similarities and differences
Over the past decades, many attempts have been made to link these two systems. We would like to present the resulting conclusions from an article by Lithuanian researcher Lilita Zelita from 2014 in the journal “The humanities and social studies”.
Lilita Zelita has studied more than a hundred works of socionic researchers and more than sixty works of MBTI specialists. The general conclusion is: “Socionics and MBTI have a common theoretical base (C. G. Jung’s Theory of Psychological Types), a general description of the main dichotomies, partially divergent functional models and common final results (16 types and their characteristics). Both theories do not contradict each other, but are mutually complementary, and thus can be used to better understand oneself and others in everyday situations, in the family, in education, in work.”.
That's what it means. All basic dichotomies coincide, several small groups are known in MBTI, the general description of the types coincides with the socionic one.
At the same time, the MBTI also has functional models of each type.
Rice. 1 Type functions in MBTI
For half of the types (extroverts), the models completely coincide with the socionic ones. And the models of introverted types differ from socionic ones (Fig. 1). So, for example, for the ISFP type, which stands for introvert/sensory/feeling/receptive or in socionic terms introvert/sensory/ethical/irrational, i.e. SEI (ISFP, “Dumas”) theoretical model of the order and scope of functions is as follows - the first, dominant function is introverted ethics, and the second, complementary one is extroverted sensing. According to the socionic model, this would correspond to the ESI type (ISFJ, “Dreiser”)..
The functions in the MBTI model are defined as follows.
It is important to note that the type in MBTI is determined through the dichotomies of Jung’s basis based on the results of filling out the questionnaire, and the models do not form the basis for further theoretical constructions and practical application.
Lilita Zelita explains the differences in the theoretical layout and descriptions in MBTI and socionics by differences in the types of their founders and key representatives. The language used in type theory is understandable to ordinary people, since its founders - Katherine Briggs, Isabel Briggs Myers and others, were from the humanities club, and their leading functions were ethics and intuition. Socionics was founded by A. Augustinavichiute, and most of its key representatives, including V. Gulenko, G. Reinin, A. Bukalov, T. Prokofieva - from the club of researchers with the leading functions of logic and intuition.
It is important to note that MBTI is considered as self-identification, self-report: a person shows who he wants to be, what interests him. This is done on the basis of independently completing a test of 96 questions within 20 minutes. Additionally, information is provided on the percentage preponderance of the dominant trait. In this way, a person can see which functions are more pronounced, and where the excess or deficiency is insignificant. Often a recommendation is given to look at information about a related type. The test results are then verified by a specialist.
Socionics focuses on assessing the type from the outside, which is more objective, but technically much more difficult. For correct self-diagnosis, a person must not only have a very deep knowledge of socionic theory, Model A, the characteristics of various types and be free from social stereotypes and approved models of behavior, but also understand and know himself well, accept himself as he is. Such requirements make self-diagnosis very difficult and biased. This issue is discussed in more detail in the article by T.N. Prokofieva and V.G. Prokofiev “Puzzle technology. Quality standards for socionic diagnostics".
This fact - self-diagnosis - explains the difference in assessing the uniformity of the distribution of types among people according to MBTI and socionics. In socionics, as far as we know, it is believed that the distribution is approximately uniform, but in MBTI there are statistics according to which the distribution is uneven. The extreme representatives are the types ISFJ - ethical-sensory introvert - 13.8% of the population, and ENFJ - ethical-intuitive extrovert - 1.5%
A number of articles discussing the complexities of MBTI typing emphasize that the main problem is an overly simplified description of types. After all, extroverts are not necessarily noisy and introverts are quiet, but the point is how a person perceives and processes information. Here you can see a direct connection with the concept of “information metabolism” and the coincidence in this issue between MBTI and socionics. And in order to avoid superficial interpretation, it is recommended that the diagnostician personally explain the results of the MBTI test.
In 2008, personality researchers (Linda V. Behrens and Dario Nardi) added four additional functions to the MBTI model, so-called "shadow" functions, which a person does not normally exhibit, but which can arise when a person is under stress. Shadow processes " work more at the edges of our awareness... We usually experience these processes in a negative way, but when we are open to them they can be quite positive“- write scientists in the manual for working with the MBTI test “Understanding Yourself and Others: An Introduction to the Personality Type Code”. Thus, in the latest MBTI model there are 8 functions, of which 4 are in the conscious block and 4 in the shadow block. Here is a table with a translation into Russian based on materials from the site http://www.cognitiveprocesses.com/16types/16types.cfm.
Accordingly, extroverted functions of the type in MBTI are reflected by introverted ones in the shadow block, and vice versa. Thus, in the latest theoretical model of MBTI researchers, the presence of 8 functions, 4 main and 4 shadow, is deduced, which theoretically corresponds to the mental and vital rings in the socionic model A. At the same time, “shadow” functions “are activated at the borders of awareness” and more often demonstrate themselves with the negative side, which coincides with the characteristics of the subconscious according to Freud and Jung, but does not quite correspond to their location in model A, because the reaction to the vital functions of model A is not always negative.
It should be noted that the interpretation of the “main” functions of the MBTI is generally similar to the socionic one, but not in all respects.
The first one is basic. Develops first in childhood, requires a minimal amount of energy to use, is the strongest and most confident, can sometimes cause inconvenience to others with its “dominance”
The second is auxiliary, the second is developing. With it we support both ourselves and those around us. In a positive manifestation - a caring parent, in a negative one - too caring, critical, inhibiting.
The third is additional to the auxiliary(although interpreted as a function of children's joy). Source of energy. At the age of 20-30, we are attracted to activity in this function. Often creativity occurs through the third function, but in its negative manifestation a person is too infantile.
The fourth is painful. This function can develop already in adulthood, giving balance to life. Before this, fears, negative projections on others and “shoulds” are associated with it.
The interpretation of the role of each of the identified “shadow” functions in MBTI still differs from the interpretation of the socionic model, while reflecting the corresponding main functions.
Fifth the function is characterized as crybaby.
Sixth – critical parent, stopping and demoralizing others.
Seventh - a deceptive distraction, according to it, what is not important seems important to us.
Eighth – demonic, destructive a function whose actions are usually regretted later.
Comment by T.N. Prokofieva:
"Let us analyze the correspondence of models using the example of TIM ILE (ENTP, Don Quixote) to see the similarities and differences.
What can we say? In some places the characteristics are similar, in others they are not at all. Especially in terms of the functions of the ID block, the MBTI interpretation is not similar to the socionic one. And with awareness and unconsciousness, not everything is clear.
Of course, I would like to read more detailed descriptions of what “basic” means in MBTI, for example.
Is it the same as in socionics? What about “auxiliary”? This was the case with Jung, but a lot of time has passed since then. How do Western colleagues understand all this now?
Well, what about introverted models? Let's look at the example of SEI (ISFP, “Dumas”).
If certain similarities were observed with the extroverted model, then judge for yourself with the introverted model. So far the result is puzzling. Does anyone use this model? Does it have detailed interpretation and practical application?
And the most important thing I want to say is: a model is just a model. It is designed to model some processes for easier study and description. It is far from a fact that this model is conceived and interpreted as a model of information metabolism in the socionic sense. Perhaps it serves to model completely different processes.
There is no way to say that there are different types in the MBTI just because the functions have been assigned a different number. We know the main thing: types are determined using a questionnaire based on basic dichotomies and applied on the same grounds. Models are not involved in diagnostics, nor in type descriptions. What exactly do they describe and whether they are used for something or whether they remain simply written on paper - I would like to understand"
conclusions
The MBTI test does not fundamentally contradict socionic theory in terms of Jung’s basis. This is not surprising, because both theories have the same basis. Moreover, recent theoretical studies of MBTI bring it even closer to socionic theory. At the same time, the MBTI test is supported by a significant number of international studies confirming both its scientific significance and reliable support for the idea of four dichotomies and 16 types.
The key difference between MBTI and socionics is the point of view of the person being typed. In one case, this is self-typing, which, in fact, results in information not so much about who a person is, but about who he sees himself. In socionics, the methodology is aimed at independently typing a person the way he interacts with the real world. The difference between the results of self-typing and typing can be very significant, because in fact, these are answers to completely different questions.
In newspapers, on television or just in conversations, you can often hear people being called introverts or extroverts. However, not everyone knows what these concepts are.
In simple words, the TF scale is about how a person makes decisions:
- T (thinking, ) – the ability to rationally weigh the pros and cons;
- F (feeling, ethics) – decisions are made emotionally.
Judgment (J) and Perception (P)
Thanks to this scale, you can find out how much a particular person interacts with the external environment. Solid and analyzed decisions for those individuals who primarily prefer to think and analyze J.
Type P people are more perceptive. As a rule, they are very open, so it is easier for them to adapt to a given situation or society.
In simple words, the JP scale shows how a solution is prepared:
- J (judgment and rationality) – planning and ordering;
- P (perception and irrationality) – the desire to navigate according to circumstances, the ability to adapt.
Features of the Myers-Briggs test
The main difference between the Myers-Briggs test and other testing systems is that this system, in fact, is not a test. There are no right or wrong answers, since all types are completely equal.
Another difference is that the final results are not checked against any template or checked against any standards. The Myers-Briggs system simply provides detailed information about the characteristics of an individual person.
Questions of psychological testing
During testing, the entire procedure must meet certain conditions.
- You must have the appropriate equipment: testing program, computer, etc.
- Test participants must undergo special instructions before answering questions.
- Specific deadlines for taking the test should be set in advance.
To get reliable results, the Myers-Briggs test must be administered by a professional. For this reason, large organizations are willing to pay any costs in order to comply with all testing conditions.
In small companies, the survey can be conducted by a human resources specialist or a manager trained as a psychologist.
Reliability of the Myers-Briggs system
The National Research Council explains this by the fact that the testing process did not conduct Myers-Briggs studies in programs regarding professional orientation.
That is, in essence, their typology is built on ineffective methods.
Criticism of the Myers-Briggs test
The collected practical data from highly qualified psychologists showed that certain type scales do not function at the clinical diagnostic level.
According to E.F. Abelskaya, the results obtained are applicable for sociological research, but in no case for individual research.
She argued that existing inaccuracies could negatively affect the definition of any particular type of individual.
Also, the Myers-Briggs type indicator was criticized due to the distribution of responses, since with this development of events, a lot of people can be classified as different types with a small difference in measurements. In turn, this also increases the chances of errors and inaccuracies occurring.
Despite criticism, the Myers-Briggs test is still one of the most popular in the world. Therefore, we strongly recommend that you go through it. This will allow you to look at yourself from the outside and learn a lot of interesting things about yourself.
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1.Description
The questionnaire was developed in the USA in the late 50s by Katharina Briggs and Isabelle Myers (mother and daughter) based on the ideas of the famous Swiss psychologist Carl Jung.
In his work “Psychological Types,” Jung identified different psychological types of people in accordance with different individual ways of perceiving and evaluating information. He puts forward three pairs of oppositions that describe the mental processes of perception and processing of information (extroversion - introversion, sensory - intuition, thinking - emotions), to which I. Myers and K. Briggs added another scale - perception - evaluation.
The MBTI questionnaire is based on identifying two different ways of replenishing energy (extroversion-introversion scale), two opposite ways of collecting information (sensing-intuition scale), two different ways of making decisions (thinking-feeling scale) and two different ways of organizing one’s interaction with the outside world. world (decision-perception). Thus, there are four main scales of propensities. Each person, due to his individuality, occupies a certain place on these scales and chooses one or another pole in each pair of oppositions. The combination of preferences for each pair of oppositions gives one of sixteen types of behavior, creating an individual profile of a person.
The main provisions of the typology reflected in the MBTI questionnaire:
using the questionnaire, individual differences in the perception of information and decision-making are determined;
using the questionnaire, interesting and important behavioral stereotypes are identified, knowledge of which is useful for understanding people and their interactions;
MBTI scales are not independent, there are specific dynamic relationships between them;
both the theory and type descriptions are based on a model that views personality development as a lifelong process;
type is a convenient way to describe various mental processes (perception and evaluation of information);
there are no “good” or “bad” types – each of them has its own strengths and weaknesses;
there are four processes (S, N, T, F) and four settings (E, I, J, P), they make up four pairs of oppositions: S-N, T-F, E-I, J-P;
each respondent uses all processes and attitudes, but loves or prefers one of the poles in each pair more;
the interpretation of the results provides specific examples of the manifestation of each of the elements;
MBTI scales relate to basic mental functions—the perception and evaluation of information, which are implemented in any behavior—therefore, the scope of practical application of the questionnaire is very wide.
Areas of application of the MBTI questionnaire:
In career counseling and career guidance:
MBTI helps guide a person in choosing one or another orientation to school education, profession, or workplace;
MBTI allows you to take into account and compare the opportunities that work provides for using preferred ways of perceiving and evaluating information, on the one hand, and the requirements that work activity imposes, on the other;
MBTI helps in business negotiations (as a working tool for tracking the characteristics of different people and selecting a “key” to them);
MBTI helps to distribute tasks among employees more effectively;
MBTI helps you establish optimal relationships with your work colleagues.
In individual and family counseling:
MBTI helps the client understand the benefits and strengths of different preferences;
MBTI helps you find a practical key to developing your own individuality and improving your communication with others;
the consultant can show the client how to turn his “problem” into a “laboratory” for the development of methods of perception and evaluation and, on this basis, learn how to optimally direct his life;
MBTI helps couples and families see and understand the value of people's similarities and differences; parents - learn to accept children as they are (this is especially important when parents and children are of different types); children – to follow the chosen path, despite external disapproval and without feeling guilty.
