- Speak in sentences, clearly express your desires, conduct a simple dialogue.
- Know letters, it is desirable to recognize vowels and consonants.
- Be able to count to at least 5.
- Know the spatial concepts of "right" and "left".
If your child has speech impairments, you should definitely consult with a speech therapist. The specialist will indicate which classes to pay special attention to in order to avoid problems in the future associated with violations of the syllabic structure of words.
The division of words into syllables begins before learning to read by syllables. First, children are introduced to the concept of "word". Each item has its own name. Children practice to name different words. Then a graphic designation of the word is introduced in the form of a bar or a rectangle. When children master syllables, they are separated by dashes in accordance with the number. The word is divided into vowels and consonants, as well as a stressed syllable.
Syllables are open and closed. Open ones look like consonant + vowel, closed ones look like vowel + consonant. Children can explain it this way:
“Out in the open air freely: MAAA, LOOO, NUUU. We seem to be breathing. In a closed air meets an obstacle - lips, tongue or teeth. Therefore, it abruptly breaks off, as if closing, - AM, OH, IL.
When explaining the principle of division into syllables, the technique of substituting the palm under the chin is used. How many times the chin falls, so many syllables in the word.
Confident reading children can determine the number of syllables by the number of vowels.
Why divide words into syllables
Dividing words into syllables makes it easier to learn to read. Even adults, when they come across an unfamiliar word, mentally read it syllable by syllable. Dividing words into syllables for preschoolers is a way to better understand the phonetic structure of speech. This skill will help in the future to do a phonetic analysis of words in Russian lessons.
The division into syllables is also needed in Russian lessons in the topic "Word Transfer". Children who have poorly learned syllables encounter errors when they leave consonants on a line.
A syllable can consist of a vowel or a vowel and one or more consonants.
To teach a child to divide into syllables, you need to use visual methods: cards with syllables, didactic games and simulators.
Preschoolers really like classes with cartoon characters and fairy-tale characters. If the tasks are given not by the parent, but by Peppa Pig, the classes will be livelier.
Division into syllables for preschoolers
Cards with syllables
It is convenient to use a large cash register of syllables. The necessary letters are inserted into the pockets, resulting in syllables. Cards can be purchased as a set, or you can make your own. Of particular interest to the baby will be cards made jointly. The division of a word into syllables for preschoolers is easier to digest if it is competent and interesting to organize classes.
Exercises with cards
1. An adult shows the syllable BA, invites the child to read and answer the question whether it is a word. It's not a word because it doesn't mean anything. Then the syllable RAS is taken. They also read it and find out that this construction is not a word. Next, the adult puts the syllables BA and RAS next to each other. The kid reads the syllables, and the word "ram" is obtained. It is useful to supplement the task with an appropriate picture.
2. The child is given an odd number of syllables on the cards - so that at least four of them can be combined into words. Start with five cards. Example - NOT, BO, KOSH, KA, RU. First, the preschooler reads the syllables. Then the adult takes the syllable with which any of the words begins, and offers to pick up the syllable of the “lost friend”.
3. An adult prepares a few words in advance. He calls the beginning of the word, the child must find the continuation on the cards. You need to start with two or three syllables so that the baby does not get confused. The reverse option - an adult shows a syllable on a card, and a preschooler thinks out the ending.
4. An adult lays out two words using syllables, and the syllables are mixed up: KOSH-BA, RY-KA. The child is invited to return the “lost” syllables to their own words.
Didactic games
1. An adult writes syllables, short words and consonant combinations on a piece of paper (PRS, PA, CAT, KI, KIT, KOSH, etc.). The kid is invited to find the syllables and paint them over with a green pencil. To diversify the game, you can offer to find words.
2. Playing with a ball. An adult calls the syllable - RU - and throws the ball. The child catches and invents a sequel.
3. Write words on strips of paper. The preschooler reads them, then, together with the adult, divides them into syllables. After the word is cut with scissors into syllables. A variant of the task is to assemble the words back from the chopped syllables.
4. Slapping syllables. This is a well-known and effective method for teaching syllable division. For each syllable, you need to clap your hands or stomp your foot. For active children, you can divide words into syllables using jumps. A favorite toy or ball can also jump.
5. An adult calls a word from one syllable: cat, catfish, ball, leaf. The child must name the word in a diminutive form: cat, ball, leaf. In this case, you need to determine the number of syllables in a word using the palm under the chin or clapping.
Games on the syllabic structure of a word for children are of increased interest and contribute to the consolidation of the material.
simulators
There are programs adapted for preschoolers and younger students to train the skill of dividing into syllables. They can be purchased in stores, some download. The simplest ones can be used online.
Tasks in simulators are usually similar to exercises with cards. You can move the syllables with the mouse, make words out of them, choose between a syllable and a word, etc.
It is better not to use simulators at the initial stage of training. It is more appropriate to include them in classes when the child clearly understands the principle of division into syllables.
Children really like interactive tasks on the computer. Many modern school textbooks are equipped with a task disk. You can take from there simple exercises that are feasible for preschoolers.
The simulator "We divide words into syllables for children" will help diversify classes with a preschooler and consolidate the knowledge gained.
Rules for division into syllables
The education system has changed a lot in recent years. There were other requirements for the school curriculum.
The rules for dividing words into syllables have changed somewhat since the modern parents of the 80s and 90s were born in elementary school.
1. A syllable begins with a consonant sound if it contains several letters. Examples: CAR-TI-NA, TVO-ROG, SUB-STAV-KA. The exception is the letter Y. It belongs to the previous syllable: RAY-ON, REI-KA, MAY-KA.
2. Voiced sonorant consonants and Y refer to the first syllable when dividing: GAL-KA, SKAL-KA, TUM-BA.
3. Deaf, voiced non-sonorous and hissing sounds belong to the second syllable: SHA-PKA, SHI-SHKA, MI-SHKA.
4. Double consonants pass into the second syllable: TOR-GEST-VE-NNY, LONG, A-KKU-RAT-NY. However, for the transfer, the old division rule was preserved: CEREMONIAL, LONG, AK-KURATNY.
Preschoolers who are learning to read do not need to be taught these rules in detail.
An adult must know these rules himself and correct the child if he is mistaken. Children will remember most of the words and will automatically divide them correctly. At school, in the appropriate lessons, the teacher will explain the rules for dividing into syllables.
Regular exercise at home, combined with activities in kindergarten, will facilitate later schooling.
The problem of dividing words into syllables in the Russian language is one of the most difficult in modern linguistics and has not been fully resolved. This is due to the lack of a common understanding of the essence of the syllable. The impossibility to fix the signs of a syllable as a whole, the phonetic lack of expression of the border between syllables leads some linguists to the idea that there is no syllable division in the Russian language at all.
Now there are two main theories of syllables: R. I. Avanesova (Moscow Phonological School) and L. V. Shcherba (Leningrad Phonological School). The rules for division into syllables in these two theories are somewhat different. The Leningrad school divides into syllables in the way that is habitual to the ear of a Soviet citizen and as was previously taught in all Russian schools (and therefore its rules are called "old" by the people), while the Moscow one is completely different ("new rules").
But since at the moment none of these schools has refuted the other, the rules of syllable division can be formulated differently in different textbooks, depending on the position of which phonological school the author of the textbook shares.
If earlier we divided words into syllables and transferred these words according to the same rule, we adhered to Shcherba's theory. In Avanesov's theory, these processes are controlled by 2 different rules and the division of a word into syllables often does not coincide with the division into parts of a word (prefix, root, suffix, ending) and with the division of a word for transfer. So, the word cat should be divided into syllables according to Shcherba's theory like this: cat-ka, according to Avanesov's theory like this: cat-shka.
For example, the word calculated divided into morphemes calculated(ras - prefix, count - root; a, nn - suffixes; th - ending).
The same word, when transferred, is divided as follows: calculated.
According to Avanesov, the word is divided into syllables as follows: calculated.
"Old" rules of division into syllables. Leningrad School Shcherba L.V.
1. Words are divided into syllables. There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels in it.
2. The sound й does not form a syllable; it cannot be separated from the preceding vowel. Example: Lei-ka, May-ka, sing-te, build-ka.
3. You can not tear off the letters b and b from the previous consonant. Example: sit down, strong, porch, entrance.
4. You can not separate the consonant from the vowel following it. It is necessary to divide words into syllables like this: kar-tin-ka, re-bya-ta, ka-lit-ka, la-ger.
5. If there are 2 consonants in a row in a word, the syllable division passes between them. If there are more than 2 consonants in a row, the syllable section actually goes in the way that is more convenient to pronounce. Examples: holiday - day, sun.
"New" rules for dividing words into syllables in the Russian language (Moscow school. Litnevskaya E.I. Russian language: A short theoretical course for schoolchildren. M., 2006)
1. There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels; two vowels cannot be within the same syllable.
A syllable is one sound or several sounds pronounced with one expiratory push of air: vo-yes, na-y-ka. Consonants are non-syllabic. When pronouncing a word, consonants "stretch" to vowels, forming a syllable together with vowels.
2. The syllable may consist of one sound (and then it is necessarily a vowel) or several sounds (in this case, in addition to the vowel, there is a consonant or a group of consonants in the syllable): rim - o-bo-doc; country - country; night light - night light; miniature - mi-ni-a-tu-ra.
3. Syllables are open and closed.
An open syllable ends in a vowel sound: water, country.
A closed syllable ends in a consonant: sleep, liner.
There are more open syllables in Russian. Closed syllables are usually observed at the end of a word: no-chnik (the first syllable is open, the second is closed), o-bo-dok (the first two syllables are open, the third is closed).
In the middle of a word, a syllable, as a rule, ends in a vowel sound, and a consonant or a group of consonants after a vowel usually goes to the next syllable: no-chnik, announcer.
In the middle of a word, closed syllables can form only unpaired voiced consonants [th], [p], [p'], [l], [l'], [m], [m'], [n], [n'] (sonorous): may-ka, Sonya-ka, so-scrap-ka.
4. Sometimes two consonants can be written in a word, and one sound, for example: get rid of [izh: yt ']. Therefore, in this case, two syllables are distinguished: and-to live. The division into parts from-live corresponds to the rules of word hyphenation, and not to division into syllables.
The same can be traced on the example of the verb to leave, in which the combination of consonants zzh sounds like one sound [zh:]; therefore, the division into syllables will be - y-e-give, and the division of the word for transfer - leave-reap.
Especially often errors are observed when syllables are distinguished from forms of verbs ending in -tsya, -tsya. The division curl-sya, presses-sya is a division into parts for transfer, and not a division into syllables, since in such forms the combination of letters ts, ts sounds like one sound [ts]. When dividing into syllables, the combinations of the letters ts, ts go entirely to the next syllable: vi-tsya, zhmo-tsya.
5. When combining several consonants in the middle of a word:
Two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable: o-leak, yes;
Two or more consonants usually go to the next syllable: sha-pka, equal.
The exception is consonant combinations in which the first is an unpaired voiced (sonorant): the letters p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n: mar-ka, dawn-ka, bul-ka, insole-ka, lady- ka, ban-ka, ban-ka. That is, if a sonorous consonant is followed by a paired consonant in deafness / voicedness, the syllable boundary passes between them. Example: Spar-so.
If after й any other consonant follows, the syllable boundary passes between them: lay-ka, lay-ner.
To summarize the rule more intelligibly:
Words are "chopped" into syllables after each vowel. How many vowels, so many syllables.
BUT: if after the vowel there are p, p, l, l, m, m, n, n and behind them there is also a paired consonant, they (sonor and sonorant with b) go to the previous syllable; if after й there is any other consonant, й departs to the previous syllable.
If these consonants are 2 identical (nn, mm, ll ..., 2 any sonorous, paired, first paired then unpaired), they go to the next syllable.
In order not to get confused, refresh your head and transfer rules >>
How to determine how many syllables are in a word? There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowels in it.
Examples of words with one syllable: sound, wolf, class, goose, hedgehog, elephant, beetle, spruce, beast, snake, table, mushroom, leaf, door, chair, house, elk, speech, stump, bison, cat, edge.
Examples of words with two syllables: answer, vowel, bear, pit, stork, lesson, language, hare, hares, anchor, hedgehog, autumn, spinning top, walnut, snake, fox, hawk, friends, kettle, squirrel, wasp, long, blow, Russian, window, Yura, watermelon, seagull, iron, willow, Christmas tree, notebook, carrot, fire, duck, skates, ear, school, bee, fly, June, box, blizzard, hoarfrost, boy, glass, days, fairy tale, blizzard, Julia, Yasha, deer, sun, family.
Words with 3 syllables: teacher, cucumber, harvest, berry, what, apple, vegetables, sparrow, consonant, parrot, student, shock, trees, pencil, Maria, alphabet, butterfly, line, saucepan, Russia, large, copybook, alley, Christmas tree.
Words with four syllables: monkey, bicycle, acacia.
Words with 5 syllables: stress, mathematics, literature, white-headed.
Shall we practice dividing into syllables?
How many syllables are in the word sound? 1 vowel means 1 syllable sound.
How many syllables are in the word CUCUMBER? 3 vowels means 3 syllables: o|gu|rets, the word is divided into syllables equally according to the "old" and "new" rules.
How many syllables are in the word teacher? 3 vowels, means 3 syllables: u|chi|tel, the word is divided into syllables equally according to the "old" and "new" rules.
How many syllables are in the word ANSWER? 2 vowels means 2 syllables. According to Shcherba's theory, we divide into syllables as an answer, according to Avanesov, an answer.
How many syllables are in the word vowel? 2 vowels means 2 syllables. According to Shcherba we divide the vowel, according to Avanesov we divide the vowel.
We will be happy to help you divide any word into syllables. Ask your questions in the comments.
Recently, various methods of early development have become increasingly popular. In principle, there is nothing wrong with them, but each case must be approached wisely. First of all, children must be ready for what you have in mind to teach them.
Secondly, not every technique is good, you should trust only options that have been proven over the years and generations. At the same time, we should not forget that learning is a kind of ladder, climbing one step leads to the need to overcome the next, the chain cannot be interrupted, and the acquisition of one skill must follow the acquisition of the previous one. Everyone who wants to engage in early reading with children is wondering how to teach a child to divide words into syllables.
From this article you will learn
The necessary conditions
If it seems to you that syllables are what we feel intuitively when pronouncing any words, you are very much mistaken. Firstly, not every adult is able to distinguish syllables correctly. Secondly, we acquire this skill by working diligently with the teacher until we bring it to automatism.
Therefore, you should not demand outstanding results from children from the very first lesson. It will be a great success if you manage to explain to them what it is about at all.
To start learning syllables, you first need to get acquainted with the alphabet. And not just learn the names of the letters, but figure out which of them are vowels and which are consonants, what are their differences.
First steps
Many parents make the mistake of forcing their children to memorize the names of the letters, and not how they are actually pronounced. No teacher will say "thank you" for such preschool preparation. The fact is that most often children with such knowledge are much more than even those who have never met the alphabet.
The next step is learning to combine letters into syllables. Here it is necessary to immediately demonstrate how the bundle is pronounced, and not individual sounds. Let the child feel how the air is exhaled, what effect this produces, how different syllables can be: they consist of one letter, others of several.
How to explain to a child what a syllable is? It's quite difficult. Try to convey to him that this is one or a combination of sounds, the pronunciation of which requires one push of air, that is, a kind of exhalation through the mouth.
The best explanation is your own example. Try to use active articulation so that children can observe the movement of the lips, repeat them after you. Say the syllables together, come up with or find interesting rhymes from syllables or songs. Let learning be an exciting game.
Divide into syllables on your own
Self-division into syllables is a very difficult task. Do not rush the child and let him realize what is required of him. Here you can't do without a game. Let's look at several ways to identify syllables in a word.
First of all, we remind adults that there is always only one vowel in a syllable. However, it will be difficult for the child to start from this information when dividing. Therefore, we will deal with the methods used by teachers.
palms
The easiest way to identify syllables is to use your own palm. It must be placed under the chin parallel to the floor. The point is that when pronouncing a word, the chin will touch the hand exactly as many times as there are syllables in it.
Don't expect too much from your child. Start with the simplest words: ma-ma, pa-pa, etc. Then you can move on to three-syllable ones, for example, so-ba-ka. If the child is wrong, invite him to try again, let him determine where he was wrong.
Candle
This method is suitable for home learning, because it is difficult to imagine a whole class sitting in front of lit candles.
The meaning of the exercise is that when pronouncing a syllable, exhalation occurs. If you speak it in the direction of the candle, then the flame will flicker exactly as many times as there are exhalations, that is, syllables.
Don't forget about safety! Leaning too close to the fire is prohibited!
Claps and steps
If your kids don't like to sit still, these exercises are just right for them. The task is to step or clap each time a syllable is pronounced. At first, do everything together with the children, then ask them to act on their own. They will surely like it very much.
Sound effects
Don't limit yourself to just the above sounds. You can offer children, for example, to tap out syllables with small hammers, to arm them with the simplest musical instruments. The main task is for them to catch the sound rhythm, learn to understand what is required of them.
Written assignments
Older children can actively work not only by ear, but also with written words. To begin with, explain to them that as many vowels are in a word, there are as many sounds. Have them highlight all the vowels and count the syllables. If everything works out, you can proceed to the division of the word.
Remember that great results are achieved here with regular practice. Children should bring the division into syllables to automatism, then it will not cause them any difficulties.
If something doesn’t work out for a child, try not to scold him and just change the lesson or even postpone the development of a new topic for another time. Perhaps the baby is not yet ready to receive new knowledge and skills.
In this section, we will practice dividing words into syllables. (Don't confuse it with word division for hyphenation, which is discussed in another section. These are somewhat different things, as there are certain rules for word hyphenation.)
Dividing words into syllables
The ability to divide words into syllables is a very important skill that is desirable to acquire even before entering the first grade. Children who have learned to read by syllables, respectively, have fewer problems. But still there are.Imagine, the child is already reading together, we taught him what letters are - vowels and consonants, taught him to count the letters in a word, and then began to approach the transfer of words, and again returned to syllables. In this situation, children often get confused, and instead of dividing into syllables, they divide the word by letter.
How to teach a child to divide words into syllables? There are many ways to do this.
Rules for dividing words into syllables
- syllables are always formed with vowels, that's why, how many vowels in a word, the same number of syllables. A syllable can consist of one vowel, but there are no syllables without vowels. Examples: mo-lo-ko, yo-zhik, etc.
- If a syllable consists of several letters, then it always begins with a consonant.(The exception is cases when the previous syllable ends in Y: district)
Previously, the rules for division into syllables and for hyphenation were the same, except that you could not hyphenate or leave one letter on a line. The new rules for dividing into syllables, which children are now learning, are much more complicated, and, most importantly, differ from dividing words for transfer. This is especially true for words with several consonants in the middle of a word. We shared: cat, ok, classes, etc.
According to the new rules, only sonorant consonants (m, n, l, p, m, l, n, p) and Y "stick" to the first syllable, in other cases all consonants "depart" to the second syllable. For example: krom-ka, ban-ka, ban-ka, may-ka, but: sha-pka, equal, etc.
Two identical consonants, when divided into syllables, necessarily go to the second syllable: yes,
o-leak. At the same time, the division of the same words for transfer will be different - given, from-leak, hat, etc.
In any case, you need to constantly train to divide words into syllables, especially if there are problems with this. Syllables can be sung, chanted, like in a stadium. It helps to “clap” the words with your hands. Often speech therapists and teachers advise putting the back of the hand under the chin, and pronounce the word out loud, while the chin touches the hand with each syllable.
We offer you an online game-simulator "Dividing words into syllables". In it, you need to drag the separator lines onto the word. Such tasks are often found in Russian language tests in the 1st grade. In this game we will divide words into syllables. In the next section, we'll practice dividing hyphenation words.
Teaching children to divide words into syllables is a very important task for adults. Possession of such a skill will be useful to a first grader in mastering school literacy. For children attending a speech therapy group, this is an even more important task! As you know, preschool children with speech pathology have serious violations in the syllabic structure of words. Children cannot reproduce words with a complex syllabic structure, rearrange, replace, skip sounds and syllables, for example: “snegiik” (“snowman”), “visiped” (“bicycle”), etc. The skill of dividing words into syllables will help the child cope with this problem and will help improve diction.
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"Teaching children to divide words into syllables"
Teaching children to divide words into syllables is a very important task for adults. Possession of such a skill will be useful to a first grader in mastering school literacy. For children attending a speech therapy group, this is an even more important task! As you know, preschool children with speech pathology have serious violations in the syllabic structure of words. Children cannot reproduce words with a complex syllabic structure, rearrange, replace, skip sounds and syllables, for example: “snegiik” (“snowman”), “visiped” (“bicycle”), etc. The skill of dividing words into syllables will help the child cope with this problem and will help improve diction.
How to divide words into syllables?
1 rule: the child puts the back of the hand to the chin from below.
Rule 2: the child slowly pronounces the word, diligently pronouncing the vowels.
3rd rule: when pronouncing, the child counts how many times his mouth opened (and his chin rested on his palm). The count can be done by unbending or bending the fingers, as it is more convenient.
4th rule: the child concludes, for example: “In the word“ drum ”three syllable."
! When the child learns the concept of “vowel sound”, it is important for him to remember the following rule: “How many vowels in a word, the same number of syllables.
RULES OF THE GAME:
- Using the palm under the chin, determine how many syllables are in the name of the toy.
- Select the correct syllabic scheme, and delete the excess with a mouse click. The correct scheme will not be deleted!
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
game - presentation "We divide words into syllables"
A funny little train helps the child determine the number of syllables in a word. A picture appears on the screen, the child clicks on the trailer with the required number of windows (syllables). if the choice is right...
The game "Divide words into syllables" (topic: "Animals of hot countries")
Using the hand under the chin (palm down), determine how many syllables are in the name of the animal. How many times the mouth opens (the chin rests on the hand), so many syllables in the word. Mouth open...
