Population of the eastern macroregion. Eastern macroregion of Russia. Common features of the districts of the Eastern zone

General characteristics of the Eastern macroregion

Geography teacher

First qualification category:

Volkova O.Yu.

form a general idea of the features of the Eastern zone;
compare the Western and Eastern zones (natural conditions, population, economy).

“Siberia is both generous and rich to everyone!” Kazimir Lisyansky

The question arises: Why, despite the enormous natural wealth, does the Eastern macroregion still have a low degree of economic development?

We will try to answer this question today.

What will we study...

1.Composition of the territory. Borders of the Eastern macroregion.

2. EGP of the district.

3. Natural conditions and resources. 4. Characteristics of the population.

5. Branches of industrial specialization, factors of specialization, largest centers. 6. Structure of agriculture, main agricultural regions and branches of agricultural specialization. 7.Features of transport, types, main highways, largest transport hubs. 8. Problems and prospects for the development of the region.

Name the pioneers whose names are associated with the exploration of Siberia and the Far East.

Ermak Timofeevich, Fyodor Popov, Semyon Dezhnev, Erofey Khabarov, Ivan Moskvitin, S. Chelyuskin, the Laptev brothers and many others.

Erofey Khabarov

West Siberian economic region;
East Siberian economic region;
Far Eastern economic region.

Ural

European

North

Kazakhstan

Pacific Ocean

Ural

Let's determine the boundaries of the Eastern macroregion

Arctic

ocean

Northern

Korea

Mongolia

Water borders with the USA and Japan

The eastern macroregion extends from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of 12.8 million km 2 , which is almost 75% of the territory of our country. This is significantly larger than the territory of any country in the world.

Features of ECG

*The territory of the VMR in the west borders the Urals and the European North;

*in the south there are state borders with Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Northern

* In the north and east, the outskirts are washed by the waters of the Arctic and Pacific oceans;

* has water borders with the USA and Japan.

Positive

Negative

washed by the waters of two oceans

removed from the center;

has a large extent from north to south, from west to east;

large economic regions; (The area of the entire region is 75% of the country’s area (12 million km2).

lack of railways and roads in the northern regions;

harsh climate and permafrost;

has a railway and road connecting the west and east

lack of labor resources in certain territories of the Asian macroregion;

has huge reserves of mineral raw materials;

availability of large water resources;

Conclusion: Thus, the region occupies a huge area and has a peripheral position. The further you are from the European part, the more difficult it is to implement interregional connections.

Natural conditions

Natural conditions are unfavorable (they do not facilitate, but rather hinder the development of the territory). The harshness of nature and the remoteness of the territory from developed areas leads to an increase in the cost of work in the region by 2-5 times. Wages for workers in the North are 1.5-3 times higher (northern coefficient).

Natural resources

Main natural resources

West Siberian

East Siberian

Coal, iron, copper, nickel, tin, molybdenum, uranium ores, gold, hydropower, forestry

Far Eastern

Coal, gold, diamonds, tin, tungsten, antimony, mercury, graphite, fisheries, forestry, hydropower

Conclusion: The region's territory has huge reserves of natural resources. The natural resources of Western Siberia are actively used in the western regions and are even exported. Oil and gas from Western Siberia transit to European countries. It is not economically profitable to transport ore, coal, and timber from the Far East to the West. Unique resources and products of the fishing industry are used for inter-district transportation

Compared to other territories of Russia, the number of residents of the Eastern macroregion is small. If in the European part of the country population density reaches 27 people/km 2, then in Asian it is 10 times less (2.5 people/km 2 ). The population is concentrated in the south - along the Trans-Siberian Railway. Here, in some areas, the density sometimes increases tens of times compared to the average.
The selective nature of development and difficult conditions for farming predetermined the predominance of the urban population. In general, in the macroregion the share of city residents is 73%.
In some subjects of the federation, the share of the urban population reaches 85-90% (Kemerovo region, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Magadan region, Sakhalin region). Currently there are 230 cities located here. The largest cities in the macroregion are millionaire cities - Novosibirsk(third largest in the country) and Omsk(seventh largest).

Population distribution

Conclusion: In general, the region has a low population density and is poorly supplied with labor resources.

Industries of specialization

The role of the region in the country's economy is constantly increasing. In the 70-80s, the Eastern macroregion became the main fuel and energy base of the country, the main producer of aluminum, supplier of non-ferrous ores, rare metals, fish and forest products. It was here that the formation of powerful TPK began, concentrating the most important production (for example, the production of more than 70% of oil and 91% of gas). The eastern macroregion, with its huge territory, is weakly

mastered by transport.

Transport

In the Eastern macroregion in the 70-80s, large transport construction was carried out - BAM, roads to the West Siberian North, - Amur-Yakutskaya Mainline - AYAM.

Economic regions

Territory

West Siberian

East Siberian

Main natural resources

Far Eastern

Oil, gas, coal, peat, iron ore, polymetals, wood

Big cities

Coal, iron ore, copper, nickel, tin, molybdenum, uranium ores, gold, hydropower, forest resources

Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Barnaul

Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Norilsk, Bratsk, Abakan

Coal, gold, diamonds, tin, tungsten, antimony, mercury, graphite, fisheries, forestry, hydropower resources

Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Yakutsk, Petropavlovsk – Kamchatsky

The development of a region with such a large resource base is hampered not only by the severity of the climate, but also by its extreme distance from the European part of Russia. Therefore, the development of transport is a vital issue for the macroregion.

"Eastern macroregion"

Goals and objectives:

Educational:

introduce students to the features of the Eastern macroregion

Educational:

continue to develop the skills and abilities of working with the atlas and textbook, continue training in intellectual techniques of independent cognitive activity (highlighting the main thing, structuring educational material, systematizing knowledge, drawing up conclusions),

continue studying according to the Singaporean method of education.

Educational:

cultivate love for one’s native land;

promote understanding of one’s own intellectual achievements as a successful characteristic of a modern person.

Methods of conducting the lesson: partially exploratory, lesson in learning new material.

Equipment: task cards, atlases, outline maps, wall maps: physical, transport, multimedia presentation

During the classes

org. moment

learning new material.

We continue to study the regional part of the course. In the last lesson we finished studying the Western macroregion.

Lesson topic: Eastern (Asian) macroregion

Today is an introductory lesson. We will complement the existing knowledge about the characteristics of the region, generalize and systematize it.

Let's start the lesson with the words of Kazimir Lisyansky: “Siberia is generous and rich to everyone!”

OS FINK-WRIGHT-ROUND ROBIN (students think about the answer to the question, write down and take turns discussing their answers in a team) The question arises: Why, despite the enormous natural resources, does the Eastern macro-region still have a low degree of economic development?

We will try to answer this question today.

Let's define the boundaries of the Eastern macroregion.

Display on the map.

The territory of the VMR in the west borders the Urals and the European North,

in the south there are state borders with Kazakhstan, Mongolia and North Korea, the northern and eastern outskirts are washed by the waters of the Arctic and Pacific oceans, and also have water borders with the USA and Japan.

Question:

- Name the pioneers whose names are associated with the exploration of Siberia and the Far East.

Ermak Timofeevich, Fyodor Popov, Semyon Dezhnev, Erofey Khabarov, Ivan Moskvitin, S. Chelyuskin, the Laptev brothers and many others.

The Eastern macroregion consists of 3 economic regions: West Siberian, East Siberian and Far Eastern.

In the last lesson, you received individual assignments on characterizing the region. The plan for studying the region is already familiar to us.

Regional Study Plan

1. EGP

2. Natural conditions

3. Natural resources

4. Population

5. Household

On the tables are Score sheets. During the lesson, you will grade the work of yourself and your classmates. Your final grade will be given taking into account your self-esteem, the assessment of your comrades and mine

EGP

OS ROUND TABLE (students take turns doing written work in a circle on one sheet of paper)

Task on the card:

1. Highlight the positive and negative aspects of the EGP of the Eastern macroregion:

washed by the waters of two oceans;

removed from the center;

lack of railways and roads in the northern regions;

has a large extent from north to south, from west to east;

large economic regions; (The area of the entire region is 75% of the country’s area (12 million km 2).

harsh climate and permafrost;

borders the Ural economic region;

lack of labor resources in certain territories of the Asian macroregion;

has huge reserves of mineral raw materials;

availability of large water resources;

has a railway and a highway connecting the west and the east.

2. Determine from the map the extent of the region from north to south and from west to east.

3. Draw a conclusion about the EGP.

Conclusion: Thus, the region occupies a huge area and has a peripheral position. The further you are from the European part, the more difficult it is to implement interregional connections.

2. Natural conditions

Task on the card:

1.Using atlas maps, assess the natural conditions of the Eastern macroregion:

The nature of the earth's crust;

Waters - rivers, permafrost.

2. Draw a conclusion about the natural conditions of this region.

Conclusion: Natural conditions are unfavorable (they do not facilitate, but rather hinder the development of the territory). The harshness of nature and the remoteness of the territory from developed areas leads to an increase in the cost of work in the region by 2-5 times. Wages for workers in the North are 1.5-3 times higher (northern coefficient).

3. Natural resources

Task on the card:

1. Using atlas maps, the textbook text on page 302 and statistical materials (see Table 1), give an assessment of the natural resources of the Eastern macroregion:

Fuel;

2. Draw conclusions about the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of active exchange between Central Russia and Western Siberia;

between Central Russia and the Far East.

Table 1

	Main natural resources
West Siberian	Oil, gas, coal, peat, iron ore, polymetals, wood
East Siberian	Coal, iron, copper, nickel, tin, molybdenum, uranium ores, gold, hydropower, forestry
Far Eastern	Coal, gold, diamonds, tin, tungsten, antimony, mercury, graphite, fisheries, forestry, hydropower

Conclusion: The region's territory has huge reserves of natural resources. The natural resources of Western Siberia are actively used in the western regions and are even exported. Oil and gas from Western Siberia transit to European countries. It is not economically profitable to transport ore, coal, and timber from the Far East to the West. For inter-district transportation, unique resources and products of the fishing industry are used.

4. Population

Task on the card:

1. Using table 67, page 308, the text of the textbook on page 301 and atlas maps, the map on the 1st flyleaf of the textbook and statistical materials on pages 45 - 47, characterize the population of the Eastern region:

Population size;

Population density;

Level of urbanization;

Migrations;

1. Draw a conclusion about the region’s supply of labor resources.

2. Express your suggestions on what needs to be done so that people stay in the North.

Conclusion: In general, the region has a low population density and is poorly supplied with labor resources.

5. Household

Task on the card:

1. Using the textbook map p. 298 (Fig. 76), map on flyleaf 2 of the textbook, atlas maps, appendix 5 p. 393 and statistical materials p. 126, find out the features of the economy of the Eastern macroregion:

Specialization of the macroregion (development factors);

Branches of specialization.

2. Draw a conclusion about the peculiarities of the region’s economy.

Conclusion: The region's economy is based on local natural resources and is dominated by extractive industries.

4. Stages of regional development

Exercise: Highlight the economic stages of development of this region and write them down in your notebook as my story progresses.

For many centuries, the population of Siberia and the Far East was engaged in nomadic cattle breeding: reindeer herding in the north and breeding sheep and horses in the steppe, fishing in the taiga and on the sea coast. Until the 19th century. After the abolition of serfdom and especially the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, millions of peasants from the central provinces poured into the forest and steppe regions of Siberia. Through their efforts, Western Siberia was transformed into a large grain and livestock raising region. Eastern Siberia and the Far East still remained undeveloped; land development and use continued extensively. In the 30-50s, Stalinist repressions began. A large number of people were forcibly resettled to the territory of Siberia and the Far East. Thanks to them, cities, bridges, roads to hard-to-reach areas were built, development and mining were carried out. During the Great Patriotic War, most of the military enterprises were transferred to the cities of Western Siberia, located along the railway, which contributed to the further development of industry in this region. In the 60s, oil and gas production began in the north of Western Siberia, which gave impetus to the development of the oil and gas industry. In the 70s, large transport construction was carried out (the Baikaloamur Mainline - BAM, the road to the West Siberian North, the Amur-Yakut Mainline - AYAM). These roads were led to the sites of mineral deposits in Siberia and the Far East, which served as the basis for the construction of villages and cities. All this contributed to the creation of large territorial production complexes based on efficient energy and raw materials resources. Although in general the transport and economic development of the territory remains low.

Let's check which stages you have identified.

Main stages:

Railway construction

Agricultural development

Contribution of great labor of the repressed to the development of the region

War years and further development of industry

Development and extraction of mineral resources in Western Siberia.

Railway construction (BAM, etc.)

Formation of the TPK

Now let’s remember the question that was posed at the beginning of the lesson: Why, despite the enormous natural wealth, does the Eastern macroregion have a low degree of economic development?

Possible answers:

Difficult natural conditions;

Difficult living conditions;

Population outflow;

Poor transport development and social infrastructure.

Based on the identified problems, you have homework to do.

Consider possible prospects for the development of the region.

Leading tasks for the West Siberian region:

Using atlas maps and additional literature, characterize the key regions of Western Siberia.

Identify the main landforms and large water bodies of the West Siberian region.

Determine the main natural resources of the West Siberian region.

Have contour maps for the next lesson.

So, What new did you learn today in the lesson about the Eastern macroregion?

General conclusion from the lesson:

The eastern macroregion occupies a huge territory, remote from developed areas. The population here is significantly lower than in the western regions. The region has enormous natural resources that are not fully explored and used.

List of used literature

Dronov V.P., Rom V.Ya. “Population Geography

Where can I find the problems of the Western and Eastern macroregions? and got the best answer

Answer from Pan Ezopenko[guru]
1. Comparative characteristics of the Western and Eastern macroregions of Russia. Nature, population, economy
The Western macroregion (European part of the country) includes Central Russia, the European North, the Urals, the Volga region, and the North Caucasus; Eastern macroregion (Asian part of Russia) - Western and Eastern Siberia, Far East.
The EGP of the Western macroregion is more profitable than the Eastern one, since it borders on economically developed countries of Europe, and the Eastern macroregion borders only one highly developed country - Japan. The Western macroregion is dominated by lowlands, while the Eastern macroregion (with the exception of Western Siberia) is dominated by highlands and mountains. In the Eastern macroregion, the climate is more continental and harsh (severe frosts, permafrost prevails).
However, more than 80% of all the country’s natural resources are concentrated in the Eastern macroregion (timber, hydropower resources, oil, natural gas, coal, metal ores, fresh water, fish, etc.). At the same time, the Western macroregion is home to 80% of the country’s total population, 75% of city residents, 85% of industrial and agricultural products are produced, 90% of scientific centers, and almost all large urban agglomerations are located. Thus, between the West and the East there is an imbalance in the distribution of resources, population and economy.
The main sectors of specialization of the economy of the Western macroregion: manufacturing industry (mechanical engineering, chemical, light, food), agriculture, science; Eastern macroregion - extractive industry (fuel, hydropower, forestry).

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Lesson type: lesson in the formation of new knowledge

Lesson format: combined

Methods of conducting the lesson: partially exploratory, lesson in learning new material.

Material support:

textbook V.P. Dronov, V.Ya. Rom “Geography of the population and economy of Russia”, table “Comparative characteristics of macro-regions”, atlas, contour maps, economic map of Russia, presentations, reference sheets.

Goals:

Educational:

form a general idea of the features of the Eastern zone;
compare the Western and Eastern zones (natural conditions, population, economy)
know the history of the SMR, EGP, its composition, resources, problems and prospects of the macroregion.

Educational:

continue to develop skills in working with an atlas, textbook, contour map and various sources of information (working with statistical material);
acquiring the skill of working with additional material, the ability to select the necessary material;

Educational:

acquiring the skill of discussion, developing the ability to discuss, draw conclusions, defend one’s point of view;
economic education of students; cultivate love for one's native land.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational moment

2. Introductory part: teacher's introductory speech

3. Learning new material

4. Generalization and consolidation of material

5. Summing up the lesson

6. Information about homework

Note: During the lesson, students prepare reference sheets and then submit them for checking and evaluation of the work performed.

Progress of the lesson

I.Organizing time

II. Preparation for the main stage of the lesson. Introductory word from the teacher.(Slide No. 1)

I will remind you of the words of A. Tvardovsky from the poem “Beyond the Distance, the Distance”:

Ural! With involuntary sadness I pay tribute to farewell...
And beyond the Urals is the Trans-Urals, and there is its own, different distance.

Look at the map and tell me what is the name of this “distance” located east of the Urals? Yes, Siberia and the Far East begin beyond the Urals! Previously, these words chilled the hearts of people and terrified them, for the idea of hard labor and exile was associated with them. No wonder they used to say: “Whoever has not been to Siberia has never seen grief.” Nowadays, few people do not know about Siberia and the Far East.

Question to the class: What associations does this region evoke for you?

III. Studying new material according to plan:(Slide No. 2 - No. 3)

1) Introductory part
2) Comparison of Western and Eastern macroregions
3) General features of the regions of the Eastern zone

Composition of the region;
- EGP;
- main stages of development;
- Natural resources.

4) Problems and prospects for the development of the Eastern macroregion

1) Introductory part(Slide No. 4)

We continue to get acquainted with the economic regions of Russia.

Question to the class:

1. What is economic zoning and what are the principles of zoning?

ER is the identification of territories distinguished by their economic specialization and territorial division of labor

Principles :

- administrative, which determines the unity of economic zoning and political-administrative division;
- economic, considering the area as part of an economic complex with a certain set of specialization sectors;
- National, taking into account the peculiarities of work and life of the population.

2. What large macroregions are identified on the territory of Russia? (Slide No. 5)

On the territory of Russia there are two macroregions - Western and Eastern, differing in general natural conditions, economic features, and trends in further development.

3. How many economic regions are there in Russia? Distribution by region.

2) Comparison of the Western and Eastern macroregions.(Slide No. 6-No. 8)

The main principles of allocation are the level of economic development of the territory, the relationship between the most important resources and the degree of their use. The Western macroregion (European part and the Urals) is located in more favorable conditions for people's lives than the Eastern one (Siberia and the Far East). Beyond the Urals, more than half of the territory lies in the permafrost zone, there are many swamps, and difficult mountain areas. But this is where the main mineral, forest and water resources of the country are located. Almost 4/5 of Russians live in the Western zone, the settlement of which began a very long time ago. It was here that the core of the Russian people took shape and the Russian state was formed. And only in the 16th century did the development of Siberia and the Far East begin.

Signs	Western macroregion	Eastern macroregion
	Advantageous, central. Developed transport connections Proximity to Europe	Distance from the Center (peripheral location), sparse transport network. Proximity to Asian countries.
Natural conditions	In most of the territory conditions are favorable. Moderately cold winter, warm summer. The relief is flat.	The conditions are unfavorable, harsh, extreme in winter. The relief in the south and east is mountainous, seismic, permafrost. Western Siberia - swampy
Natural resources	Resources are depleted. Forests have been preserved in the north, as well as fish resources in the Barents Sea. Iron ore KMA. Fertile soils in the Central Chernobyl Region, the Volga region and the North Caucasus. Water shortage in the south.	Rich reserves of wood (80%), oil (70%), gas (91%), coal, non-ferrous metal ores, diamonds, gold. Rich fish resources of the Pacific Ocean, water resources account for 75%, hydropower resources - 81%

Teacher: Listen to a brief report about how the development of Siberia and the Far East went (Advanced task for the most prepared student)

Student:

At the end of the 16th century, the development and settlement of Siberia by Russians began. At the same time, the consolidation of a huge territory to the east by Russia happened extremely quickly: 60 years passed from the campaigns of the legendary Ermak in Western Siberia (1582) to the departure of Ivan Moskvitin’s detachment to the Pacific Ocean (1639). Russia has transformed from a Russian state into a Russian state, as it includes territories inhabited by different peoples. After joining Russia, the creation of a network of cities began, which became the support base for settlement and consolidation of territories. This process began in the 16th-17th centuries with the creation of fortress-forts: Tyumen (1586), Tobolsk (1587), Tomsk (1604), Yenisei (1618), Krasnoyarsk (1628), Yakutsk (1632), Okhotsky (1648).
Thus, in less than 100 years, the Russian state secured vast expanses of taiga from the Urals to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Later, cities were created in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, and then in the south of the Far East. In total, 44 cities were created before the revolution. Currently there are hundreds of cities, including two millionaire cities. Possessing enormous size and natural resources, the region is still underdeveloped.

3) General features of the districts of the Eastern zone:

A) composition of the region(Slide No. 9) – page 309 in the textbook

B) EGP(Slide No. 10)

A work is proposed where it is necessary to highlight the positive and negative aspects of the EGP of the Eastern macroregion.

Slide text:

Washed by the waters of two oceans; removed from the center; lack of railways and roads in the northern regions; has a large extent from north to south, from west to east; large economic regions; harsh climate and permafrost; borders the Ural economic region; lack of labor resources in certain territories of the Asian macroregion; has huge reserves of mineral raw materials; availability of large water resources; has a railway and a highway connecting the west and the east.

C) The teacher gives the task to highlight the economic stages of development of a given region and write down in a notebook from the teacher’s words. As the teacher tells the story, students highlight the main stages of development

Teacher:

For many centuries, the population of Siberia and the Far East was engaged in nomadic cattle breeding: reindeer herding in the north and breeding sheep and horses in the steppe, fishing and hunting in the taiga and on the sea coast. The fishing element was not overcome until the 19th century. After the abolition of serfdom and especially the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, millions of peasants from the central provinces poured into the forest-steppe and steppe regions of Siberia. Through their efforts, Western Siberia was transformed into a large grain and livestock raising region. Eastern Siberia and the Far East remained undeveloped, the development and use of land proceeded extensively. In the 30-50s, Stalinist repressions began. A large number of people were forcibly resettled to the territory of Siberia and the Far East. Thanks to them, cities, bridges, roads to hard-to-reach areas were built, development and mining were carried out. During the war years, most of the military enterprises were transferred to the cities of Western Siberia, located along the railway, which contributed to the further development of industry in this region. In the 60s, oil and gas production began in the north of Western Siberia, which gave impetus to the development of the oil and gas industry. In the 70s, large transport construction was carried out (BAM, the road to the West Siberian North, the Amur-Yakutsk Mainline - AYAM). These roads were built to mineral deposits in Eastern Siberia and the Far East, which served as the basis for the construction of towns and cities. During this period, territorial production complexes were formed.

Students identify the main stages:(Slide No. 12)

1. Construction of the railway.

2. Development of agriculture.

3. Contribution of great labor of the repressed to the development of the region.

4. The war years and further development of industry.

5. Development and extraction of mineral resources in Western Siberia.

6. Construction of the BAM.

7. Formation of the TPK.

D) Practical work with the map(Slide No. 13)

Teacher: Using the atlas and map in the textbook on page 300, characterize the main resources of this macroregion.

The card student gives the answer:(Slide No. 14)

Mineral

– The West Siberian economic region is rich in oil and gas in the north and central part, and in coal, polymetallic and copper ores in the southeast.

– Eastern Siberia is rich in brown coal, hard coal, apatites, phosphorites, gold, iron, polymetallic ores, nickel ores.

– Far East – tin, copper, brown and hard coal, oil and gas.

Agroclimatic resources.

Since the area extends from north to south, it runs from the cold zone to the temperate sub-zone.

Soil resources.

Only the southern part of Western Siberia and Eastern Siberia is rich, since most of the territory is permafrost.

Water resources.

These are the large rivers Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Lake Baikal.

Forest resources.

A zone of taiga and mixed forests passes through the territory, so the territory is rich in forests.

Conclusion: Common features of the districts of the Eastern zone:(Slide No. 15)

Significant area, but generally sparsely populated;
- significant natural contrasts: “north-south”, mountains – plains, coast – continent, as well as the general extremeness of natural conditions, which creates difficulties in development;
- relative (compared to the Western zone) “youth” of the economy;
- huge natural resource potential with a relatively low level of its modern use;
- concentration of the economy to the south, where there is a better supply of transport, primarily railway;
- the relatively great importance of water and air transport in the implementation of intra-regional connections.

4) Problems and prospects for the development of the Eastern macroregion

Teacher: Using the text of the textbook (p. 307), compile and write down in a table the problems of the region and development prospects.

Students draw up a table in their notebook:(Slide No. 16)

Problems

Prospects

1. Collapse of the Soviet Union.

2. Railway lines (two) ended up on the territory of Kazakhstan.

3. The need for reconstruction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.

4. Economic reforms have led to a decline in population.

5. Conversion in the defense industry.

6. Poor development of transport.

1. Use of meridional river routes.

2. Creation of air intercontinental communications through the interior of the country.

3. Development of transport and social infrastructure.

4. Creation of new vehicles.

5. Use of satellite communications.

IV. Pinning (Slide No. 6)

Question to the class: Draw a conclusion about the conditions for the development of the Eastern macroregion and possible prospects for this region

Conclusion:

1. The region occupies a huge territory, remote from the Central regions of Russia. The further you are from the European part, the more difficult it is to establish interregional connections. The Eastern region needs to develop external economic ties with the countries of East and Central Asia. The transport network is poorly developed, so it is necessary to build new roads, especially in the north of the region, and develop river and air transport.

2. Natural conditions are unfavorable (they do not facilitate, but rather hinder the development of the territory).

3. Natural resources are rich, but their development is more expensive than in the European part of the country. The region's economy is based on local resources, but it is also necessary to develop knowledge-intensive industries.

4. The infrastructure is very poorly developed, difficult living conditions are the reasons for the low population of the territory and the lack of labor resources.

5. The most acute problem, especially for the Far East and the Asian North, is the demographic situation. This is one of the threats to national security: if there is no population, we will be swallowed up by our great and powerful neighbors.

Working with the map

Show economic regions of the Eastern macroregion;

Federal districts of the region;

Changes in the administrative-territorial structure of the macroregion;

The importance of the ChAO in the geographical division of labor.

V. Summing up the lesson:

And yet, Siberia and the Far East have ceased to be on the periphery of state interests. Recently, colossal financial resources have been allocated for development. In particular, the Federal Target Program and a number of other programs for the Far East have been adopted. A more detailed acquaintance with the economic regions of the Eastern macroregion awaits you ahead.

VI. Homework: § 59-60 (fill out the table to the end), questions on page 309

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Karazirek Secondary School"

Yutazinsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan

Geography lesson notes

in 9th grade

"Eastern macroregion"

prepared

Geography and Biology teacher

Siraeva Rufiya Rafkatovna

Old Karazirek

2014

Goals and objectives:

Educational:

introduce students to the features of the Eastern macroregion

Educational:

continue studying according to the Singaporean method of education.

Educational:

cultivate love for one’s native land;

promote understanding of one’s own intellectual achievements as a successful characteristic of a modern person.

Methods of conducting the lesson: partially exploratory, lesson in learning new material.

Equipment: task cards, atlases, outline maps, wall maps: physical, transport, multimedia presentation

During the classes

org. moment

learning new material.

We continue to study the regional part of the course. In the last lesson we finished studying the Western macroregion.

Lesson topic: Eastern (Asian) macroregion

Today is an introductory lesson. We will complement the existing knowledge about the characteristics of the region, generalize and systematize it.

Let's start the lesson with the words of Kazimir Lisyansky: “Siberia is generous and rich to everyone!”

We will try to answer this question today.

Let's define the boundaries of the Eastern macroregion.

Display on the map.

The territory of the VMR in the west borders the Urals and the European North,

Question:

- Name the pioneers whose names are associated with the exploration of Siberia and the Far East.

Ermak Timofeevich, Fyodor Popov, Semyon Dezhnev, Erofey Khabarov, Ivan Moskvitin, S. Chelyuskin, the Laptev brothers and many others.

The Eastern macroregion consists of 3 economic regions: West Siberian, East Siberian and Far Eastern.

In the last lesson, you received individual assignments on characterizing the region. The plan for studying the region is already familiar to us.

Regional Study Plan

1. EGP

2. Natural conditions

3. Natural resources

4. Population

5. Household

EGP

OS ROUND TABLE (students take turns doing written work in a circle on one sheet of paper)

Task on the card:

1. Highlight the positive and negative aspects of the EGP of the Eastern macroregion:

washed by the waters of two oceans;

removed from the center;

lack of railways and roads in the northern regions;

has a large extent from north to south, from west to east;

large economic regions; (The area of the entire region is 75% of the country’s area (12 million km 2).

harsh climate and permafrost;

borders the Ural economic region;

lack of labor resources in certain territories of the Asian macroregion;

has huge reserves of mineral raw materials;

availability of large water resources;

has a railway and a highway connecting the west and the east.

2. Determine from the map the extent of the region from north to south and from west to east.

3. Draw a conclusion about the EGP.

Conclusion: Thus, the region occupies a huge area and has a peripheral position. The further you are from the European part, the more difficult it is to implement interregional connections.

2. Natural conditions

Task on the card:

1.Using atlas maps, assess the natural conditions of the Eastern macroregion:

Relief;

The nature of the earth's crust;

Climate;

Waters - rivers, permafrost.

2. Draw a conclusion about the natural conditions of this region.

3. Natural resources

Task on the card:

1. Using atlas maps, the textbook text on page 302 and statistical materials (see Table 1), give an assessment of the natural resources of the Eastern macroregion:

Fuel;

Ore;

Water;

Forest;

Fish;

2. Draw conclusions about the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of active exchange between Central Russia and Western Siberia;

between Central Russia and the Far East.

Table 1

Districts

Main natural resources

West Siberian

Oil, gas, coal, peat, iron ore, polymetals, wood

East Siberian

Coal, iron, copper, nickel, tin, molybdenum, uranium ores, gold, hydropower, forestry

Far Eastern

Coal, gold, diamonds, tin, tungsten, antimony, mercury, graphite, fisheries, forestry, hydropower

4. Population

Task on the card:

Population size;

Population density;

Level of urbanization;

Migrations;

Cities;

1. Draw a conclusion about the region’s supply of labor resources.

2. Express your suggestions on what needs to be done so that people stay in the North.

Conclusion: In general, the region has a low population density and is poorly supplied with labor resources.

5. Household

Task on the card:

Specialization of the macroregion (development factors);

Branches of specialization.

2. Draw a conclusion about the peculiarities of the region’s economy.

Conclusion: The region's economy is based on local natural resources and is dominated by extractive industries.

4. Stages of regional development

Exercise: Highlight the economic stages of development of this region and write them down in your notebook as my story progresses.

Let's check which stages you have identified.

Main stages:

Railway construction

Agricultural development

Contribution of great labor of the repressed to the development of the region

War years and further development of industry

Development and extraction of mineral resources in Western Siberia.

Railway construction (BAM, etc.)

Formation of the TPK

Now let’s remember the question that was posed at the beginning of the lesson: Why, despite the enormous natural wealth, does the Eastern macroregion have a low degree of economic development?

Possible answers:

Difficult natural conditions;

Difficult living conditions;

Population outflow;

Poor transport development and social infrastructure.

Based on the identified problems, you have homework to do.

Individual d/z:

Consider possible prospects for the development of the region.

Leading tasks for the West Siberian region:

Using atlas maps and additional literature, characterize the key regions of Western Siberia.

Identify the main landforms and large water bodies of the West Siberian region.

Determine the main natural resources of the West Siberian region.