Feudal fiefdom in England name. Feudal fiefdom in medieval England. Excerpt from the text

What is a feudal estate and a feudal estate? and got the best answer

Answer from Vlad Ustelyomov[guru]
Feudal estate is a type of economic and land relations in medieval Europe that developed under the feudal system. A typical feudal estate was big house or a castle surrounded by fields, small houses, pastures and forests. Feudal estates were completely self-sufficient. Surplus goods and products were exchanged for other goods that were in short supply. Over time, market relations in cities developed more and more, and feudal estates became more specialized, since producing several goods of the same type is much more efficient than trying to provide yourself with everything you need.

The patrimony differed in economic structure (depending on the role of the domain, the type of feudal duties of the peasants), in size, and in the social affiliation of the votchinniki (secular, including royal, church).
Source: History of Feudalism

Answer from Artyom Sotskov[newbie]
Feudal estate is a type of economic and land relations in medieval Europe that developed under the feudal system. A typical feudal estate was a large house or castle surrounded by fields, small houses, pastures and forests. Feudal estates were completely self-sufficient. Surplus goods and products were exchanged for other goods that were in short supply. Over time, market relations in cities developed more and more, and feudal estates became more specialized, since producing several goods of the same type is much more efficient than trying to provide yourself with everything you need.
Feudal estate is land ownership that belongs to the feudal lord hereditarily (from the word “father”) with the right to sell, pledge, or donate. The estate was a complex consisting of land ownership(land, buildings and equipment) and rights to dependent peasants. Synonyms for fiefdom are allod, bockland.
Since the 8th-9th centuries, patrimony has been the dominant form of land ownership in most countries of Western Europe. In the process of forming the estate, a coercive apparatus was created (court, administration, and so on). The peasants retained their communal organization (community, commune, almenda), which, along with the obligatory hereditary nature of ownership, distinguished the patrimony from the benefice, manor and estate.
The patrimony varied in economic structure (depending on the role of the domain, the type of feudal duties of the peasants), in size, and in social affiliation

Answer from 3 answers[guru]

Manor (English manor, from Latin maneo - staying, living)

the name of a feudal fief in medieval England. Although M. arose before the Norman conquest of England in 1066 (See Norman conquest of England 1066), its spread and mainly unification throughout the country occurred already in the Norman era. “Typical” M. consisted of two parts: the domain - the land on which the lord’s own farm was conducted, and the land of the serf holders (villans) and freemen (freeholders). In addition, M. included communal lands, which were largely in communal use, but were already considered the property of Lord M. The Villans constituted the absolutely predominant layer in such M. Their labor service to the lord was the basis of the domain economy, and the rent in kind not only satisfied the needs of the lord, but was also taken to the market by him; their jurisdiction of the manorial curia is the basis of the lord's jurisdiction; they were subject to the banal rights of a lord (see Banality). M.'s management was carried out by his ministerials (the so-called stewards - managers). Manorialism combined all forms of seigneurial dependence: personal, land, judicial, etc. By the end of the 13th century, small and medium-sized magistrates predominated. The decomposition of the manorial system, which occurred under the influence of the development of commodity-money relations, was accompanied by the gradual emancipation of villans and commutation (See .Commutation) corvée; domain land was either leased to one large tenant, or was divided into small plots, which were rented to small peasant tenants. In the late Middle Ages, M. remained a traditional shell, the real relations in which took on a completely new, bourgeois character. In the 18th century, M. finally disappeared, giving way to capitalist forms of land ownership, which, however, did not eliminate the actual land monopoly of landlords, which became the basis modern system Landlordism a.

Lit.: Vinogradov P. G., Research on social history England in the Middle Ages, M., 1887; Vinogradoff P., The villainy in England, Oxf., 1892; by him, The growth of the manor, 2 ed., L., 1911; Petrushevsky D.M., The Rebellion of Wat Tyler, 4th ed., M., 1937; Kosminsky E. A., Studies on the agrarian history of England in the 13th century, M. - L., 1947; Barg M. A., Studies on the history of English feudalism XI - XIII centuries, M., 1962; Maitland F. W., Domesday book and beyond, Camb., 1907.

M. A. Barg.

Big Soviet encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

Synonyms:

See what "Manor" is in other dictionaries:

- (English manor from Latin maneo I stay, live), feudal fiefdom (see PATRIOT) in medieval England. The manor appeared before the 11th century, but its spread and unification throughout the country occurred after Norman Conquest(cm.… … encyclopedic Dictionary

The name of a feudal estate in medieval England. The manor arose even before the Norman conquest of England in 1066. With its spread within the country, it consisted of the domain of the lord’s own economy and the land of the holders of serfs (villans) and free... ... Historical Dictionary

Votchina Dictionary of Russian synonyms. manor noun, number of synonyms: 1 patrimony (7) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

MANOR- in the Middle Ages, an estate that was in the possession of an aristocratic feudal lord and produced products to satisfy the basic vital needs of its inhabitants. M. functioned not for the purpose of generating income, but to maintain basic... ... Legal encyclopedia

A medieval manor owned by an aristocratic feudal lord that produced food to meet the basic needs of its inhabitants. The manor functioned not for the purpose of generating income, but to maintain basic... Collier's Encyclopedia

The request for "Manor" is redirected here; see also other meanings. Approximate plan of a medieval manor Manor (English manor ... Wikipedia

Ehud Manor (Hebrew: אהוד מנור‎ [Ehud Manor]) (July 13, 1941 April 12, 2005) is an outstanding Israeli songwriter. Ehud Manor was born in Binyamin in 1941. Graduated from Tel Aviv University, where he studied art history, second academic... ... Wikipedia

- (English manor) feudal estate in medieval England. New dictionary foreign words. by EdwART, 2009. manor [eng. manor] - a feudal estate in medieval England. Big dictionary foreign words. Publishing house "IDDK", 2007 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

The economy of the Middle Ages closely correlates with the development of feudalism and, accordingly, the evolution feudal property. Within the framework of this essay, we will consider the essence and mechanism of feudal estates and rent in Medieval Europe. The fiefdom can be viewed in two ways: firstly, as a structure in which production relations are personified feudal society, and secondly, as an organization for the distribution and collection of feudal rent. Let's look at the two above-mentioned aspects of the estate in more detail.

The socio-economic and political structure of the ruling class of the feudal system of society is the patrimony (manor, seigneury).

A patrimony is a more or less significant territory, the population of which is dependent on the feudal lord who owns the territory. The area of the territory was usually determined by the role and place of the feudal owner among the hierarchy of the ruling class. In accordance with the “patrimonial” theory, the patrimonial economy can be interpreted as the production and organizing central mechanism of the entire economy of the Middle Ages. Moreover, the estate subsequently served as the basis for the emergence of all other social and economic forms of organizations in the Middle Ages.

The exploitation of the peasantry was carried out precisely within the framework of the feudal estate, in particular, through the collection of rent.

Feudal rent represents part of the surplus product produced by dependent peasants. At the same time, it is appropriated by the landowner and is considered an economic form of realization of the feudal lord’s ownership of the land. There are three types of feudal rent: labor rent (corvée), food rent (in-kind rent) and cash rent (money rent).

Over time, the feudal estate lost its natural and autarchic orientation, becoming increasingly involved in commodity-money relations. Initially, it became more profitable for the feudal lords to replace corvee with quitrent in kind, distribute all patrimonial land to the peasants and receive rent payments; a pure fiefdom is developing. Exchange and the increase in demand for money were the reason why rent in kind began to be replaced by money. The transformation of natural feudal rent into monetary form is called rent commutation. The rapid growth of trade and the commutation of rent allowed peasants to accumulate their cash and be redeemed free. For the use of feudal land, the peasant paid a fixed annual cash contribution (rent) - a qualification.

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The object will be education and science in medieval Europe. The subject is the features of functioning educational institutions, as well as content scientific knowledge The Middle Ages during the specified period of history.

The concept " middle age", which arose several centuries ago to designate the period separating Greco-Roman antiquity from modern times, and from the very beginning carried a critical, derogatory assessment - a failure, a break in the cultural history of Europe - has not lost this content to this day. When talking about backwardness, lack of culture, lack of rights, they resort to the expression “medieval”.

Chronological framework works cover the period from IX. to the 16th centuries The lower limit coincides with the beginning of the formation of strong princely power and the formation ancient Russian state. The upper limit is associated with the end of the formation of a single centralized state.

Another well-known domestic researcher on this issue, A.N. Dzhurinsky analyzed the most important educational ideas, the views of outstanding representatives of pedagogical thought of the past in close connection with the history of the development of human society and examined the implementation of these ideas in the practice of education.

The Middle Ages are considered a difficult page in European history, its “dark era.” Since then the high achievements of antiquity were lost, people became uncultured, cruel, destroyed each other both in numerous wars and in peacetime, and in their political life chaos reigned.

The information base for the research is the work of Sprenger J., Kramer G. “The Hammer of the Witches” as one of the culminating documents in the fight against devil worship. Also explored is the work of J.B. Russell's Witchcraft and Witches in the Middle Ages, a wide-ranging study of attitudes to witchcraft in the Middle Ages.

Already the thinkers of antiquity recognized the role of tolerance in effective interaction: Socrates and Plato associate “patience” with intellectual asceticism and define it as a prerequisite for the spiritual and social unity of people.

It was typical for the philosophy of the Middle Ages to look for ways to overcome religious fanaticism, misunderstanding and hatred towards dissidents in tolerance. The purpose of the work is to study the tolerance of society in medieval Europe.