Exclamatory sentence

A sentence in which the expression of the content of a thought is accompanied by an expression of the speaker's feelings. The constructive elements of exclamatory sentences are interjections, emotional particles, and exclamatory intonation. Any of the sentences according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative) can become exclamatory. Such a nice evening(Chekhov). Let me have a look!(Bitter). And what kind of miracles happen during the sowing season!(Kazakevich).

Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what an “exclamation sentence” is in other dictionaries:

exclamatory sentence- A sentence in which the expression of the main content of a thought is accompanied by the expression of the speaker’s feeling associated with this content and conveyed through special words (interjections, etc.) or exclamatory intonation: What baseness!; Where … Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

Exclamatory sentence- sentences characterized by emotion. coloration and increased expressiveness. They differ in specificity. intonation, timbre coloring, cf.: Fire! We're on fire! They often contain interjections, particles, and exclamations. pronominal words, cf.: Oh yes... ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

This term has other meanings, see Sentence. A sentence (in language) is the minimum unit of language, which is a grammatically organized combination of words (or a word) that has semantic and intonation... ... Wikipedia

A sentence (in language) is the minimum unit of human speech, which is a grammatically organized combination of words (or a word) that has semantic and intonation completeness. (“Modern Russian language” by N. S. Valgina) ... Wikipedia

A sentence (in language) is the minimum unit of human speech, which is a grammatically organized combination of words (or a word) that has semantic and intonation completeness. (“Modern Russian language” by N. S. Valgina) ... Wikipedia

A one-part sentence, the main member of which, denoting the presence, existence of an object or phenomenon in the present or outside of time, is expressed by a noun, personal pronoun, substantivized part of speech, having the form ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms- 1) the 1st person form of the verb is replaced by the 3rd person; 2) personal pronouns of the 1st, 2nd person, possessive my, your are replaced by pronouns of the 3rd person or a noun is used; 3) if someone else’s speech is an incentive... Syntax: Dictionary

During the classes

1. Repetition of the material covered

a) Work on cards in pairs.

– Let’s remember what we taught so diligently yesterday.

(Task on the card.)

Connect the parts of the statement with an arrow.

According to the purpose of the statement, proposals can be:

1) narrative (contain a question)
2) interrogative (contain an order or request)
3) motivating ( contain a story, narration)

b) Check (there is a diagram on the board - assistant)
c) Self-esteem (ts.1)

2. Formulating the topic of the lesson and setting educational objectives

(Sentences are written on the board.)

Read to yourself what is written on the board.

1. Autumn has come to visit us.
2. Autumn has come to visit us!

– What is written on the board?
- Prove it.

(The sentence contains a complete thought; punctuation marks are placed at the end of the sentence: (,), “!” or “?”).

– Guess which sentence... will read?

- How did you guess?
– Now read sentence number 1.

– Do these sentences differ in what the person wants to say? (No, both sentences express the same idea; autumn has come to visit us.)

– Do these proposals have the same goal? (Yes, both of these sentences are narrative in purpose, since they contain the message that autumn has come to visit us).

– How are these proposals different? (The 1st sentence is pronounced calmly, and the 2nd with a special feeling).

– Has anyone guessed what we will be interested in today at the Russian language lesson?

(During the lesson we will be interested in sentences that are pronounced calmly and with a special feeling.)

– Has anyone heard the names of sentences that are pronounced with a special feeling?

– Let’s open the books and compare whether we have correctly identified the topic of the lesson. Let's read it.

– Which block will we work in today? (How our language works.) What problem is solved in lessons with this block?

(In lessons indicating the block “How our language works,” we discover the laws by which the Russian language lives.)

– So what are we actually going to do today?

- Let's go back to the textbook. Read on p. Section 60, tell me what it’s called?

– Do you understand all the words in the text? What new did you learn?

– The word intonation appeared in this text. How do you understand it? Read the hint.

– You know that I really like to doubt the importance of a particular lesson topic. But today I have such doubts: does intonation matter in people’s lives? Think about it. Give examples.

– The proof can be the poem that we read in the lesson about the world around us.

(Reading the poem with different intonations: contempt “Fi!”, dissatisfaction “Ugh!”, surprise “Well!”, admiration “Wow!”.)

Aunt said:
- Fi, football!
Mom said:
- Ugh, football!
Sister said:
- Well, football!
And I answered:
- Wow, football!
(G. Sapgir)

– Do you agree that by a person’s intonation you can determine how he treats you?

– How do you understand the statements of psychologists that intonation is often more important for a person than information?

4. Physical training for attention and consolidation of the studied material

– If I say the correct statement, then you bend over, and if it’s false, you bend your arms to the sides, forward, up.

A) A sentence is always pronounced or written for some purpose. (B)
B) Sentences can be interrogative and motivating. (N)
C) Sentences for the purpose of the statement can be: narrative, interrogative and motivating. (IN)
D) In ​​terms of intonation, these same sentences are of 2 types - exclamatory and non-exclamatory. (IN)
D) If you change a declarative exclamatory sentence into a non-exclamatory sentence, the purpose of the sentence changes. (N)
E) If you turn a declarative exclamatory sentence into a non-exclamatory one, the sign at the end of the sentence will change. (IN)

5. Primary consolidation of new material

– Exercise 1. Work on your own.
– I would like you to figure out why this control was given?

Examination. Why was this instruction given?

– And now I suggest you work in pairs.

Draw a conclusion and justify it.

Cards

Exercise. Read the sentences, determine the purpose of each sentence and the intonation of the sentences. Draw a conclusion: what sentences regarding the purpose of the statement can be pronounced with exclamatory intonation?

It's good in the autumn forest!
Go to the forest and admire the beauty of nature!
Do you love the autumn forest?!

Examination. Conclusion. Compare with textbook.

6. Exercise using an ophthalmic simulator

- Look at the door, at the window, at the ceiling, at each other, at the board.

7. Differentiated work.

Work in groups of permanent members.
Task 1-2 groups.

Read it. Write sentences according to the diagram. Add the correct punctuation mark.

Woodpecker knocking on wood (.!?)
Young aspen trees whisper quietly (.!?)
How beautiful are the golden leaves in the rays of the autumn sun (.!?)
Do you like it in the forest (.!?)

______________________?
______________________.
______________________.
______________________!

The rest work according to the textbook Exercise 3 p. 62.

After oral work, children signal their readiness (green circle) and sit down to do it in writing, first doing a random finger massage using a cube.

Examination. 1, 2 groups you have a self-test (Hand out the correct option)

1 execution option

Do you like being in the forest?
A woodpecker knocks on a tree.
Young aspen trees whisper quietly.

Option 2.

Do you like being in the forest?
Young aspen trees whisper quietly.
A woodpecker knocks on a tree.
How beautiful are the golden leaves in the rays of the autumn sun!

8. Lesson summary

What new secret of language did the lesson help us discover?
What did you especially like?
What would you change about the lesson?
Look at your success sheets.

9. Reflection

– How do we finish the lesson?
Color the “fluffy” who is in the same mood as you.

10. Homework

I don't have to ask for a job. Well, if someone really wants to, if there is a desire and time, you can pay attention to exercise 4.p.62.

Types of offers

Declarative, interrogative and incentive sentences (by type of statement)

Depending on the purpose of the statement There are narrative, interrogative and incentive sentences.

Narrative sentences are those that contain a message about some fact of reality, phenomenon, event, etc. (affirmed or denied). Narrative sentences are the most common type of sentences; they are very diverse in their content and structure and are distinguished by the relative completeness of thought, conveyed by specific narrative intonation: a rise in tone on a logically highlighted word (or two or more, but one of the rises will be the largest) and a calm fall tones at the end of a sentence: The carriage drove up to the porch of the commandant's house. The people recognized Pugachev's bell and ran after him in a crowd. Shvabrin met the impostor on the porch. He was dressed as a Cossack and grew a beard (P.).

Interrogative sentences are those whose purpose is to encourage the interlocutor to express an idea that interests the speaker, i.e. their purpose is educational.

The grammatical means of forming interrogative sentences are as follows:

1) interrogative intonation- raising the tone on the word with which the meaning of the question is connected;

2) word arrangement(usually the word with which the question is associated is placed at the beginning of the sentence);

3) question words- interrogative particles, adverbs, pronouns, for example.

Interrogative sentences are divided into

actually interrogative,

interrogative and motivating

and interrogative-rhetorical.

Actually interrogative sentences contain a question that requires an answer.

A peculiar variety of interrogative sentences, close to interrogative ones themselves, are those that, being addressed to the interlocutor, require only confirmation of what is stated in the question itself. Such proposals are called interrogative-affirmative.

Interrogative sentences can contain the negation of what is being asked, this is interrogative negative sentences.

Interrogative-affirmative and interrogative-negative sentences can be combined into interrogative-narrative, since they are transitional in nature - from a question to a message.

Interrogative and incentive sentences contain a call to action expressed through a question.

In interrogative and rhetorical sentences contain an affirmation or negation. These sentences do not require an answer, since it is contained in the question itself. Interrogative-rhetorical sentences are especially common in fiction, where they are one of the stylistic means of emotionally charged speech.

Essentially, counter questions (an answer in the form of a question) also belong to interrogative-rhetorical questions.

Insert constructions can also have the form of an interrogative sentence, which also do not require an answer and serve only to attract the attention of the interlocutor, for example.

A question in an interrogative sentence may be accompanied by additional shades of a modal nature - uncertainty, doubt, distrust, surprise, etc.

Additional shades can be emotional, for example,

shade of negative expression: Are you deaf or what?;

a shade of politeness (softening the question is usually achieved with the help of the particle not): Won't you come to me tomorrow? Wed: Will you come to me tomorrow?

Incentive sentences are those that express the will of the speaker; their purpose is to encourage action.

They can express:

1) order, request, plea, for example;

2.) advice, proposal, warning, protest, threat,

3) consent, permission, for example;

4) a call, an invitation to joint action, for example;

5) desire.

Many of these meanings of incentive sentences are not clearly differentiated (for example, plea and request, invitation and order, etc.), since this is expressed more often intonationally than structurally.

By grammatical means of design incentive offers are:

1) incentive intonation;

2) predicate in the form of the imperative mood;

3) special particles that introduce an incentive tone into the sentence (come on, come on, come on, yes, let it).

Incentives vary according to the way of expressing the predicate:

The most common expression of the predicate verb in the imperative mood.

An incentive connotation can be introduced into the meaning of the verb special particles.

As a predicate incentive sentence it can be used verb in the indicative mood (past and future tense).

As a predicate - subjunctive verb. Among these proposals, the following stand out: with the word to, and the verb may be omitted. Such sentences characterize colloquial speech.

The predicate in an incentive sentence can be infinitive.

Infinitive with particle would expresses a gentle request, advice.

In colloquial speech incentive offers are often used without verbal expression of the predicate- a verb in the imperative mood, clear from the context or situation. These are peculiar forms of sentences in living speech with a leading word - a noun, adverb or infinitive. For example: Carriage for me, carriage! (Gr).

The structural center of incentive sentences (also in colloquial speech) can be the corresponding interjections: come on, march, tsyts, etc.

Exclamatory sentences

Exclamatory sentences are sentences that are emotionally charged, which is conveyed by a special exclamatory intonation.

Different types of sentences can have an emotional connotation: narrative, interrogative, and incentive.

For example,

declarative exclamatory:He faced death face to face, as a fighter should in battle! (L.);

interrogative and exclamation marks:Who would dare ask Ishmael about that?! (L.);

exclamatory exclamations:- Oh, spare him!.. wait! - he exclaimed (L.).

Grammatical means of design The exclamation sentences are as follows:

1) intonation, conveying a variety of feelings: joy, annoyance, grief, anger, surprise, etc. (exclamatory sentences are pronounced in a higher tone, highlighting the word that directly expresses the emotion), for example.

2) interjections, for example: Ah, alas, Uh, Ahti, Ugh;

3) exclamation particles interjection, pronominal and adverbial origin, giving the expressed emotional coloring: well, oh, well, where, how, what, what, etc.

Common and non-common offers

Uncommon is a sentence that has only the positions of the main members - subject and predicate.

Sentences that, along with the main ones, have positions of secondary members are called common.

A sentence can be extended by compatible, controlled and adjacent word forms (according to the rules of verb connections), included in the sentence through phrases, or by word forms related to the entire sentence as a whole. Supply distributors are generally called determinants. As a rule, various circumstances and additions that express a semantic subject or object are determining.

Thus, sentence propagators can be included in the predicative stem of a sentence, distributing either the composition of the subject or the composition of the predicate, or be proliferators of the stem as a whole. The term “determinant” was introduced by N.Yu. Shvedova.

Simple and complex sentences

A simple sentence has one predicative center that organizes it and thus contains one predicative unit.

A complex sentence consists of two or more predicative units combined in meaning and grammatically. Each part of a complex sentence has its own grammatical composition.

A complex sentence is a structural, semantic and intonation unity. This idea about the integrity of a complex sentence was substantiated in the works of N.S. Pospelov.

Although parts of a complex sentence structurally resemble simple sentences (they are sometimes called that by convention), they cannot exist outside of a complex sentence, i.e. outside a given grammatical association, as independent communicative units. This is especially clearly revealed in a complex sentence with dependent parts. For example, in the sentence I don’t know how it happened that we still don’t know each other (L.) none of the existing three parts can exist as a separate independent sentence; each of them requires explanation. As analogues of simple sentences, parts of a complex sentence, when combined, can undergo structural changes, i.e. they can take on a form that is not characteristic of a simple sentence, although at the same time these parts have their own predicativeness.

Parts of a complex sentence can be combined

as equals,grammatically independent, For example: Branches of blossoming cherry trees look out my window, and the wind sometimes strews my desk with their white petals (L.);

and as addicts, For example: On three sides blackened the crests of the cliffs and branches of Mashuk, on top of which lay an ominous cloud (L.).

The main difference between a simple and complex sentence is that a simple sentence is a monopredicative unit, a complex sentence is a polypredicative unit.

In order to correctly read a sentence, correctly understand its meaning and correctly place punctuation marks, you need to understand what sentences are based on the purpose of the statement. It is also very important to be able to determine their species. What kinds of proposals are there for the purpose of the statement? In the Russian language, there are several classifications of these syntactic units, including those regarding the purpose of the utterance, as well as the specifics of pronunciation.

Types of sentences by purpose of utterance and intonation

Let us clarify that intonation implies the emotional design of a sentence. According to the purpose of making proposals, there are:

• Narrative.
• Interrogative.
• Incentive.

In turn, any of them can be either exclamatory or non-exclamatory - depending on the intonation with which the speaker pronounces it (calm or emotional).

Declarative sentences

The most common sentences for the purpose of the statement are, of course, narrative ones. Their task is to communicate information that can either be affirmed or denied.

A narrative sentence expresses a complete thought, conveyed using special intonation: the main word from a logical point of view is emphasized in the voice, and at the end of the phrase the tone lowers and becomes calmer.

You don’t need to look far for examples of narrative sentences - they are at every step: “Mom bought bread,” “Spring has come and brought warmth with it,” “Mitya has the best grade in the class!”

Interrogative sentences

Sentences regarding the purpose of the statement are also interrogative. Their semantic task is to convey a question. Questions can be different, which determines the subtypes of this type of proposal. Depending on the purpose of the question and the nature of the intended answer, the following are distinguished:

Interrogative sentences are also of different types according to their nature. This:

The means of achieving the goal of interrogative sentences are special intonation in oral speech, a question mark in writing, as well as question words (what, how, why, etc.), particles (is it really possible) and a certain word order: (“Adults go to work?”, “Who goes to work?”, “Where do adults go?”).

Incentive offers

Types of sentences based on the purpose of the statement have one more, third, type - incentive. These are sentences that contain a certain expression of the will of the author of the phrase. Their main task is to induce the addressee to take some action, and the incentive can be expressed in different forms.

• Prayers: “I beg you, let me look at my son at least once!!!”
• Requests: “Please give me a pencil.”
• Order: “Shut up immediately!”
• Wishes: “Get well soon, be kind.”

The incentive to action in sentences of this type is expressed using a special (motivating) intonation, the form of the imperative mood of the predicates and some particles such as “let”, “come on”, “come on”, etc.

Non-exclamatory sentences

Thus, what kinds of sentences there are regarding the purpose of an utterance is now clear. As for intonation colors, the vast majority of them are non-exclamatory. They are pronounced calmly, without emotional strain or special feeling. Most often they represent a narrative message or question, less often - an incentive.

Examples: “The hot tea spread warmth throughout my whole body,” “Where did this boy come to us from?”, “Please take your mother’s hand.”

Exclamatory sentences

Sentences pronounced in a special tone and with a special feeling are called exclamatory. Most often, phrases containing motivation require such intonation, but any other type can have an exclamatory coloring.

Sentences regarding the purpose of the statement and intonation are:

• Narrative exclamations: “Summer has come - how great it is!”
• Interrogative exclamations: “Will you never accept the truth?!”
• Incentive exclamations: “Give me my toy immediately!”

Highlighting in writing

The punctuation marks in them depend on what kind of sentences there are for the purpose of the statement and intonation.

• The end of a non-exclamatory declarative sentence is indicated by a period: “That’s how this strange story ended.”
• A non-exclamatory interrogative sentence ends with a question mark: “Has your father left yet?”
• A non-exclamatory incentive sentence also has a period at the end: “Give up this dirty business.”
• At the end of a narrative, motivating or interrogative sentence with exclamatory intonation, a corresponding (exclamation) mark is placed (in the latter case, after the question mark). If emotions are especially intense, then there may be three such signs. “And he went home!”, “Stupid, get away from the edge!”, “Will you let me go?!”, “Beware!!!”
• If there is a hint of incompleteness, there can be an ellipsis at the end of any type of sentence. For example: “Sadness...”, “Well, you’re back, what next?..”, “Run, run quickly!..”.

According to the purpose of utterance, sentences are, as we found out, of three types. The Russian language is rich and diverse. This article provides information about what sentences regarding the purpose of the statement and intonation are found in the Russian language. It is a must for anyone who wants to speak and write correctly to study and master it.

An exclamatory sentence is a sentence characterized by emotional coloring and increased expressiveness. Exclamatory sentences are distinguished by a specific intonation and timbre coloring; compare: Fire! We're on fire! They often contain interjections, particles, exclamatory pronominal words; compare: Well done! Oh, these are my helpers! That's what he told you! What a rain! What a scientist he is! Who didn't he ask?

Exclamatory sentences can be built according to special syntactic models with lost or weakened grammatical and lexical meanings of the components; compare: This motorcycle was given to you! Found time to dream! Many exclamatory sentences are characterized by reverse (inverse) word order; compare: My little head is gone! He will understand you! How sweet the south wind! In writing, an exclamation point is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

Sentences of all communicative types can be used as exclamatory sentences: narrative, imperative and interrogative. In this case, the general content of the proposal is modified to one degree or another. In some cases, exclamation serves to express a high degree of attribute and enhance the degree of categoricalness of a statement or expression of will; compare: What a heavy rain! He will arrive tomorrow! Come back immediately! When did this happen! In other cases - with a different intonation - an exclamatory sentence can be understood in a meaning opposite to that conveyed by the literal meaning of the words.

Thus, affirmative narrative exclamatory sentences acquire a negative meaning or express the speaker’s negative attitude towards what is being communicated; compare: I'm going to get upset because of him!(=I won’t); She will go with you!(=won't go); You understand a lot!(=you don’t understand anything). A similar meaning of expressively colored negation can be expressed by interrogative non-negative sentences; compare: Why did he go there?(=there was no need to walk); What gardens these are!(= these are not gardens); Who needs it!(=no one needs); How do I know!(=I don’t know), while negative exclamatory sentences express an expressively colored statement; compare: Who doesn't know this!(=everyone knows); Where has he not been?(=been everywhere).

According to the degree of emotional coloring, sentences are classified into two types: exclamatory and non-exclamatory. The ability to correctly determine which one is suitable for a particular case will allow you to correctly understand the essence of the sentence, read it with the right intonation and put the required punctuation mark at the end.

Non-exclamatory sentences are those that imply an ordinary, everyday tone and the absence of a strong emotional component. At the end of such sentences there is a period. For example: It has been raining all day today. According to the schedule, the train will arrive in two hours.

Exclamatory sentences are those sentences that convey strong feelings and emotions of the speaker.

For example: We are very happy!

At the end of these sentences there is an exclamation mark, and their grammatical means are as follows:

1. Intonation expressing joy, delight, sadness, surprise, anger, excitement, fear and other pronounced feelings. The pronunciation of exclamatory sentences is carried out in a higher tone, with an emphasis on the word, which imparts a greater emotional coloring.
2. Interjections.
3. Exclamatory particles of pronominal, adverbial or interjectional origin, giving the statement a characteristic emotional coloring: oh, well, well, how, where how, what for, which and others.

Using three exclamation points Typically, by using three exclamation points at the end of a sentence, the author expresses a high degree of emotional arousal. This way you can express joy or delight, anger or indignation. Sentences “Get out!!!” or “Go away and don’t come back!!!” talk about the deep feelings of the person who expresses them.