is an Android project that is useful for many age groups and can be used on tablets and smartphones. We all understand that people know how to lie. Some people do it “professionally”, others don’t know how. However, it will never be superfluous to know how to distinguish when your interlocutor is deceiving. If you want to have such knowledge so that no one can fool you, download the presented application, which is distributed free of charge.
From now on, you will immediately expose the liars.
Scientists believe that people typically lie about 10-20 times in one day. Sometimes it even happens unconsciously. Learn to recognize non-verbal gestures with this program that has no age restrictions. Such knowledge will be useful to absolutely everyone. The modern world has a wonderful invention that will immediately catch any liar - the polygraph. Alas, the invention is expensive, its impressive size and operating features do not allow it to be used anywhere. For example, he definitely won’t take him on a date. Therefore, get acquainted with the information presented and become a polygraph yourself, accurately determining when a lie is spoken.
An excellent project “” will tell users that human gestures can tell absolutely everything! The main thing is to be able to “read” people according to a number of specific signs. Study the psychology of emotions, learn a lot of new things not only about people, but also about yourself. The theory of lies is a broad topic of interest to many representatives of humanity. The methods that users will read about are used in many areas. They are actively used by police officers, security workers, forensic psychologists, NLP specialists, profilers, etc. This creation is worth downloading for all leaders, schoolchildren, and students.
Study the alphabet of gestures, recognize a lie from the first minutes, reading about the signs of a lie. Watch the direction of your gaze, the position of your legs, handshakes, lips. The ABC of gestures is extremely interesting, so you won’t want to download this creation to your own gadgets. Download the useful application "" for free on devices with the Android operating system.
Truth or lie? What is the interlocutor thinking and experiencing? What behavioral traits can reveal a lie? The answers to these and many other questions are in our application. Recognize a liar!
Truth or lie?
In our lives we encounter both honesty and lies. Lies are easy to see on the street, in a store, on a TV screen while watching the news. Why do people lie? Everyone has their own reasons. Politicians hire consultants to help them appear honest and sincere. But it happens that even the most reliable people lie from time to time. Everyone's motives for cheating may be different. The sign language app “Lie to Me” will help you figure it out.
According to scientists, a person can lie up to 20 times a day. And not every time he realizes this himself. And this application for recognizing non-verbal gestures will help you understand this.
What is a person thinking about?
IN modern world in order to determine deception, a lie detector (polygraph) is used. Unfortunately, you cannot take a polygraph on a date with a guy/girl; it would be strange to use for business partners, and when communicating between parents and children, a lie detector would be inappropriate (and its accuracy, according to some sources, does not exceed 80%).
By what signs can you identify a lie?
Sometimes ignorance is bliss. Think about it, do you really want to know when people are lying to you? Even close people. Using nonverbal language relationships and studying the psychology of emotions, you can learn a lot about the people we see every day. For example, 98% of teenagers lie to their parents, and 80% of people tell “white lies” every day. The theory of lies is a fairly broad topic, but it is worth accepting this as a fact - every person lies to one degree or another.
The techniques in this application are used by many fields: police, security services, forensic psychologists, NLP specialists, profilers, etc. This application can be useful for managers, schoolchildren, students and all those who want to understand the psychology of lies and better understand people. Learn the alphabet of signs and learn to recognize lies with this application!
A person thinks and talks with his whole body. To determine signs of lying, this application examines many types of body language, including:
View direction
Touching lips
Types of handshakes
Leg position
Lying on the phone
People have long wanted to know what was on the mind of their interlocutor. Find out what he's thinking about. Over time, a whole direction was formed, called “physiognomy”. With this application you will learn to read body language and gestures, learn how a person thinks, and also be able to recognize a liar by facial expression.
Some experts say that absolutely everyone can learn to recognize a lie! To do this, you just need to learn body language. This is true! Thanks to painstaking work, you will learn to recognize people's thoughts and emotions by their gestures and microfacial expressions. And after a while you will master the language of non-verbal communication. Unfortunately, or perhaps fortunately, there are no absolutely reliable ways to expose deception. But thanks to this application, you will be able to better understand people, build trusting relationships, and learn to manage your emotions. If you often speak in public and negotiate, this will help you win over your audience and contribute to your personal growth.
It is not always possible to use sign language or see a person’s hands or feet, which would tell a lot. For example, when you are sitting at a table or traveling in transport, there is still an option to reveal the deception - in the eyes of your interlocutor. But we recommend considering the signs, if possible, only in aggregate. And also look at the context and environment. Because the liar's gestures may only be a sign that the person is cold and has crossed his arms. Or he has allergies and that's why he constantly scratches his nose.
Do you have any ideas on how to improve the application? We'll be happy to hear about them: [email protected]
Lie to Me is one of the few TV series based on a proven scientific hypothesis. The prototype of its main character, Dr. Cal Lightman, was the largest expert in the field of emotional psychology, Paul Ekman. He discovered that in terms of facial expressions, people of all cultures express feelings in the same way, and he discovered micromovements - short episodes of facial activity that indicate emotions - even when a person is trying to hide them. T&P has compiled a guide to Paul Ekman's technologies that will help you learn to see lies.
For a long time, science did not pay any attention to facial expressions. It was first taken up by Charles Darwin, who, among his other works, published the book “On the Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals” in 1872. The scientist said that facial expressions are universal not only for our species, but also for animals: for example, like dogs, people grin when they are angry. At the same time, Darwin argued that our gestures, unlike facial expressions, can be called conditional, and was sure that they depend on what culture a person belongs to.
For almost a century, Darwin's work remained virtually forgotten. If it was remembered in scientific circles, it was only to challenge it. Only in the 30s of the 20th century did the French neuroanatomist Duchenne de Boulon turn to her, who tried to refute the theory of the Nazi scientist who claimed that “representatives of lower races” could be recognized by gestures.
In the 60s, the hypotheses voiced in “On the Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals” and repeatedly mentioned by de Boulon were popularized by the American psychologist Paul Ekman. He conducted a series of studies to test this theory, and found out that Charles Darwin was right: gestures do vary across cultures, but facial expressions do not. Ekman's opponents argued that it was all to blame for Hollywood and television, which broadcast an average image of facial expressions, which is largely taken as a standard in different countries. To challenge this assumption, in 1967 and 1968, the scientist studied the facial expressions of representatives of one of the tribes in Papua New Guinea. These people never had close contact with either Western or Eastern culture and were at a stage of development similar to the Stone Age. Ekman found that in this case, basic emotions were expressed in the same ways as elsewhere in the world. The Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a method for classifying human facial expressions originally developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen in 1978 and based on a selection of photographs with corresponding emotions, has proven to be universal. This unique musical notation for the face even today makes it possible to determine what facial movements a particular emotional expression consists of.
From surprise to contempt: seven universal emotions
There are only seven emotions that have a universal form of expression:
Astonishment,
- fear,
- disgust,
- anger,
- joy,
- sadness,
- contempt.
All of them are encrypted in FACS and EmFACS (an updated and expanded version of the system), so that each emotion can be found and identified by characteristic features, assessing its intensity and degree of confusion with other feelings. For this, there are basic codes (for example, code 12: “Elevator of the corner of the lip”, zygomaticus major muscle), head movement codes, eye movement codes, visibility codes (for example, when the eyebrows are not visible, you need to put code 70) and general behavior codes. which make it possible to record swallowing, shrugging, trembling, etc. “There are uncontrolled, unintentional facial expressions, as well as softened or feigned expressions in which the experienced emotion is weakened, or an emotion that is not experienced in real life is simulated.” this moment”, writes Paul Ekman in his book “Know a Liar by Their Facial Expression.” Unintentional expressions always appear behind the “screen” created on the face. In this case, they can be identified by micromovements. Typically these expressions only appear for a split second, so it takes practice to spot them.
There are three areas of our face that can move independently:
Eyebrows and forehead;
- eyes, eyelids and bridge of the nose;
- lower part of the face: cheeks, mouth, most of the nose and chin.
For each of them there is its own movement pattern in each of the seven cases. For example, when surprised, the eyebrows rise, the eyes open wide, the jaw unclenches, and then the lips part. Fear looks different: the eyebrows are raised and slightly drawn towards the bridge of the nose; the upper eyelids are also raised, exposing the sclera, the lower eyelids are tense; the mouth is slightly open, and the lips are also slightly tense and pulled back.
Paul Ekman gives in his book detailed map micro movements for each universal emotion and offers photographs for independent practice. In order to learn from this book how to quickly determine what feeling is expressed on a human face, you need to find a partner who will show you these photographs - completely or covering part of the image with an L-shaped mask. The book also allows you to learn to determine the degree of expression of emotions and recognize the components of mixed facial expressions: bittersweet sadness, fearful surprise, and so on.
Deceptive Expressions: Controlling the Message
“It is easier to fake words than facial expressions,” writes Paul Ekman. - We were all taught to speak, we all have a fairly large vocabulary and knowledge of the rules of grammar. There are not only spelling, but also encyclopedic dictionaries. You can write the text of your speech in advance. But try to do the same with your facial expression. There is no “dictionary of facial expressions” at your disposal. It's much easier to suppress what you say than what you show."
According to Paul Ekman, a person who lies in facial expressions of his feelings or in his words usually seeks to satisfy his current need: a pickpocket feigns surprise, an unfaithful husband hides a smile of joy at the sight of his mistress if his wife is nearby, and so on. "However, the word 'lie' doesn't always capture what's going on in these cases," Ekman explains. - It assumes that the only important message is the message of the true feeling that underlies the false message. But a false message can also have important, if you know it is false. Instead of calling this process lying, you should better call it message control, because lying itself can also convey a useful message.”
In such cases, there are two messages on the person's face: one reflects the actual feeling, and the other reflects what he wants to convey. Paul Ekman first became closely interested in this problem when he encountered the behavior of patients suffering from severe depression. In conversations with doctors, they claimed (facially and verbally) that they were experiencing joy, but in reality they sought to end their hospitalization and commit suicide. In Lie to Me, the writers also raise this problem: according to the plot, the mother of Dr. Cal Lightman committed suicide after she managed to deceive psychiatrists in this way. Later, watching videos of her conversations with doctors, main character series detects a micro-expression of sadness on her face.
Control of facial messages can be different:
softening,
- modulation,
- falsification.
Softening usually occurs by adding facial or verbal comments to an already present expression. For example, if an adult is afraid of the dentist, he may wince slightly, adding an element of self-loathing to the expression of fear on his face. Through mitigation, people often communicate to others that they are able to manage their feelings and align their behavior with cultural norms or the current situation.
In the case of modulation, a person adjusts the intensity of the expression of emotion, rather than commenting on it. “There are three ways to modulate facial expression,” writes Paul Ekman. “You can change the number of areas of the face involved, how long the expression is maintained, or the amplitude of contraction of the facial muscles.” Typically, all three methods are used. But with falsification, the facial process becomes false: the face does not show the emotion that a person actually experiences (simulation), nothing is shown when in fact there is a feeling (neutralization), or one expression is hidden behind another (camouflage) .
Physiology of lies: place, time and microexpressions
To learn to recognize lies on faces, you need to pay attention to five aspects
Facial morphology (specific configuration of features);
- temporary characteristics of emotion (how quickly it arises and how long it lasts);
- place of expression of emotion on the face;
- microexpressions (they interrupt the main expression);
- social context (if fear is visible on an angry face, you need to think about whether there are objective reasons for this).
People who control their facial expressions pay most attention to the lower parts of their faces: the mouth, nose, chin and cheeks. After all, it is through the mouth that we carry out sound communication, including wordless communication: screaming, crying, laughter. But the eyelids and eyebrows more often “show” the true feeling - however, eyebrows are also used for facial falsification, which can affect appearance upper eyelids. What and how exactly is “out of place” in the process of deception depends on what exactly is being broadcast and what is being hidden. For example, the expression of joy does not require us to use the forehead at all - so if it covers another emotion, the latter must be sought in this area.
Using Ekman's books, you can learn to recognize different fake facial expressions in different situations: see fearful eyebrows on a neutral face (which indicates genuine fear), detect a lack of tension in the lower eyelids on an angry face (which indicates that anger is fake), find information leakage about real anger under the guise of disgust, notice pauses between the verbal message about the emotion and the appearance of its false version on the face (1.5 seconds) and pay attention to other important details.
But the main skill that Ekman’s books and trainings allow you to develop is recognizing microexpressions. These displays of emotion usually last only a short time: half to a quarter of a second. You can learn to find them using the same photographs and an L-shaped mask - if the images quickly replace each other. The presence of microexpressions, however, does not mean that the person is not simultaneously masking, weakening, or neutralizing the emotions being experienced. These short episodes of facial activity are a symptom of deception or, in extreme cases, a sign that the person himself does not know what he is feeling, but their absence does not mean anything.
Today Paul Ekman and his research group conducts emotion recognition training for customs officers, police and border guards, HR specialists and other people who often have to look for deception or confirm facts. However, his developments are useful not only at the border: they can help journalists during interviews, teachers in the classroom, businessmen in negotiations and many other people. However, neither Dr. Lightman’s techniques from the series, nor Dr. Ekman’s techniques, which formed the basis of “Lie to Me,” should be used at home. After all, not every deception actually entails Negative consequences, - and close people need to be given the right to privacy, since not everything they hide has to do with us.
Pictures © Matthieu Bourel
