Si what language. Conditional sentences in Spanish. North and South America

How often do we hear these “ifs” and “ifs” in Russian: “If you wash the dishes…”, “If you do your homework…”, “If you graduate from university…”, “If you get more…” - an infinite number of options that we say to each other every day several times. How do you say it in Spanish and use the tenses and moods correctly? This is what I want to tell you today.

We divide all conditional sentences into two large groups: real and surreal(impossible).

Conditional clauses in Spanish are introduced by the union Si(if; is written without stress, do not confuse with an affirmative particle Si- Yes)

Real. Type I conditional sentences

Conditional sentences of the first type are the easiest and are absolutely similar to the same sentences in English: Si + Presente de Indicativo, entonces + Futuro Simple

The main thing to remember for type I conditional sentences in Spanish is: never use after si(if) future tense ( Futuro Simple=Futuro Imperfecto and Futuro Proximo), instead of it, please put Presente de indicativo; tenses in the main sentence are limited only by your imagination and knowledge.

Let's look at a few examples right away:

Si tengo dinero comprare este coche. (1.1)
Si nos acostamos temprano, dormimos major. (1.2)
Si ha llegado te llamara pronto.
Si compraron la revista ayer, ya lo saben todo.

But how in the first two examples to figure out what time was after Si- the future or the present? Look at the main offer. In case (1.1) in the main clause there is Futuro Simple, it is logical to assume that in the subordinate clause after Si action also refers to the future. So, we get: "If I have money, I will buy this car."

In example (1.2), the main sentence contains the present tense of the indicative mood, we can conclude that we are talking about a description of some ordinary actions: “If we go to bed early, then we sleep better” (can be replaced with a temporary subordinate clause: “When we go to bed early we sleep better).

Of course, you can come up with an option in which Futuro will be in the main sentence, in the subordinate clause after Si - Presente and it will be translated into Russian in the same way.

Si educamos hoy a los niños, no tendremos que castigar a los hombres mañana.

If we (bring up) bring up children today, we will not have to punish adults tomorrow.

Note again that all these conditions realistically feasible and the probability of performing an action from the main sentence is 50 to 50 - you just need to fulfill the quite feasible condition specified in the subordinate clause.

Unreal. Type II conditional sentences

Conditional sentences that express the condition are unreal, 100% hypothetical are no less common in everyday speech. Such sentences relating to the present or future are called conditional sentences of the second type. They have a union Si translated as " if».

This type of offer has a fairly clear pattern that should be followed: Si + Imperfecto de Subjuntivo, entonces + Conditional Simple (= Potencial Simple).

It must be understood that in this scheme, both in the main and in the subordinate clause, we are talking about impossible actions:

(Javi se explica muy mal.)
Si se explicara major, le entenderian.

Javi is very bad at explaining. If he explained better, he would be understood.

(No tengo calculadora.)
Si la tuviera, podria resolver el problema.

I don't have a calculator. But if there was, I could solve this problem.

(Vives muy lejos.)
Si vivieras mas cerca, seria mas fácil ir a verte.

You live too far away. If I lived closer, we would see each other more often.

In addition to this model, there are several more possible shades for this type of conditional sentences, which are usually studied at the C1-C2 proficiency level.

Si + Imperfecto de Sunjuntivo, entonces + Imperativo/Presente de Indicativo
It is understood that the condition is doubtfully feasible, moreover, its fulfillment does not depend on us. But suddenly? It is more difficult to translate such a model into Russian, because it is difficult to preserve this connotation of a low probability of an action being carried out in a subordinate clause.

Si llamara Roberto no le digas que estoy.
(Puede que llame Roberto pero no se lo considero muy probable.)

If Roberto suddenly calls, say that I'm not there.
(Perhaps Roberto will indeed call, but in general it doesn’t seem very real to me.)

Si + Imperfecto de Subjuntivo, entonces + Imperfecto de Indicativo
The action in the subordinate clause is impossible, but if for a second we imagine that it suddenly became possible, then what will happen?

Si estuviera, desde luego me escuchaba.
(Sé que no está, pero en caso contrario…)

Unreal. Type III conditional sentences

In its background, this type is similar to the second, the only difference is that the actions in question belong to the past. This type of model is as follows:
Si + Preterito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo, entonces + Condicional Compuesto (Potencial Compuesto)

"Yes" is one of the most used and important words in any language. While it's certainly not the only word you need to know (after all, you need to know what you're agreeing with), it's essential to communication. Every major region of the world has several of the most widely used languages. In most countries in this region, you will probably be able to find someone who understands one of these languages. In addition, it is not uncommon for certain words to sound similar in different languages due to processes of cultural interaction, and due to immigration and colonization in the past, speakers of certain languages can be found all over the world.

Steps

North and South America

Use "yes" ( yes) to agree with something on English language . English is spoken by about 1.75 billion people worldwide and is the most widely spoken language. English is considered the world's business language and is used by many international companies, regardless of where their headquarters are located.

Advice: Although the United States does not have an official state language, most citizens of this country speak English. In addition, English is one of the two official languages of Canada (along with French).

Say "si" ( si) to agree with something in spanish . Spanish is the native language of 320-400 million people worldwide, many of whom live in the Americas. In addition, it is the official language of Spain and most Latin American countries. If you are planning to visit South America, learn a few basic Spanish words and phrases before your trip.

Express agreement with the word "sim" ( Sim) if you are traveling in Brazil. As in Portugal, the official language of Brazil is Portuguese. With a population of 204 million, Brazil is the largest Portuguese-speaking country, and Portuguese is one of the most widely spoken languages in South America.

To say "yes" in tongue Quechua, say "ari" ( a-ri). Quechua is spoken by about 7.7 million people who live mainly in Peru, but also in Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Argentina. It is one of the most widely spoken languages in South America.

Advice: there are a number of Quechuan languages, and speakers of many of them do not understand each other. In addition, each variety may have different dialects. Before using the words above, make sure the other person understands you.

Say "hẽe" (pronounced like a nasal heh) to express agreement in Guarani. Guarani is spoken by 4.6 million indigenous people in Paraguay, as well as parts of Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. This language is the state language in Paraguay, many words and phrases in Guarani are included in Paraguayan Spanish.

To say "no" in Guarani, say "nahániri" ( na-ha-ni-ri).

If you want to say "yes" in French, say "oui" ( ui). French is the mother tongue of about 22 million Canadians who live mostly in Quebec (it is the mother tongue of 80% of the province's population). While English is usually fine in Canada, French is the second official language and the two languages have the same status.

Advice: French is also widely spoken in Europe and Africa.

Europe
1. Say "ja" ( ya) if you want to express your consent in German. German is the most widely spoken language in the European Union, with around 130 million speakers worldwide. It is the official language in Germany, Switzerland, Austria and 4 other countries.
  
  In Italian, "yes" is pronounced "sì" ( si). Italian is the official language in Italy, where it is spoken by about 60 million people. It is also spoken in other parts of Europe, including Switzerland and Albania.
  
  If you happen to be in Spain, say "yes" like "sí" ( si). In Spain they speak Castilian Spanish. However, despite slightly different pronunciations and an additional pronoun, Castilian and Latin American Spanish are very similar. In Castilian, "sí" can be more like shea.
  
  In Portugal, "yes" sounds like "sim" ( Sim). Unlike Spanish, the Portuguese spoken in Brazil is quite different from the language you will hear in Portugal itself. However, "yes" and "no" are pronounced the same way.
  
  Say "oui" ( ui) to express agreement in French. French is the official language in France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Monaco and Switzerland, in these countries it is spoken by about 64 million people. In addition, it is one of the official languages of the European Union.
  
  Reply in Russian in agreement Yes. About 265 million people around the world speak Russian, more than half of them live in Russia. The Russian language is also known by many residents of Eastern European countries.
  
  Say "tak" ( So) if you want to say "yes" in Polish. Many consider the Polish language, which is spoken by 39 million people in Poland itself as well as in Polish diasporas in Europe and North America, to be very difficult. However, the words for "yes" and "no" are simple, although somewhat different from those used in most other European languages.
  
  In Dutch, say "ja" in agreement ( ya). Dutch is spoken by about 23 million people worldwide, many of them live in the Netherlands, which borders Belgium. Outside of Europe, Dutch is spoken in the former colonies of the Netherlands in various parts of the world.
  
  Advice: similarly, "yes" and "no" sound in Afrikaans, which is a dialect of the Dutch language spoken in South Africa.
  
  In Scottish dialect, "yes" would be like "ay" ( ah). Even if you are fluent in English, you may find it difficult to understand people from Scotland, as they speak a dialect that is a mixture of English and Scottish Celtic. Even the word "yes" is significantly different.
Asia
India and Pakistan

what language do they speak "si"?

Mexico is a Spanish speaking country. 100%.
Spanish, Italian
in Mexican serials in Spanish
Italy
Spanish of course. half of America, Mexico and Latin America speak nm on nm (with the exception of Brazil and other eastern countries of South America, Portuguese is in fashion there)))
Spain seems, or maybe Italy, but rather Spain
If in Mexican (and other Latin American) series, then in Spanish, since they speak Spanish))
S#237; - yes, or si - if.
If in Brazilian, then in Portuguese. But they say sim - yes (although it is pronounced almost the same as si)
Also si = yes is spoken in Italy, in Spain (in various languages existing in Spain: Spanish, Catalan, Galician, etc.)
In French, si only means "if", or "yes" in response to a negative question...
Italian. Si, Senora
mexican, italian, also french
Italy
The TV shows speak Spanish or Portuguese. "si" means "yes" in Spanish and Italian. It is also used in some cases in French in the negative.
Spanish
ispanskij 100% tem bolee v meksikanskom seriale!sami to podymaite kakoj tam italjanskij?!
It looks like italian
In Italian signora through "and" is written:
Si, signora. It's in Spanish - señor, señora.
And "si" is the same for all of them;).

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