Flipping through the yellowed pages...

Traditionally, it is believed that the history of the city of Elektrostal (formerly the town of Calm) begins in 1916 from the construction of two industrial enterprises - the Elektrostal plant and the Bogorodsk equipment plant (now OAO Mashinostroitelny Zavod). This, of course, is true, but before the emergence of enterprises, there were villages in this territory, people lived.

At the beginning of the century, all the settlements that are now part of the city (Vysokovo, Afanasovo, Shibanovo, Chirikovo) and in its vicinity (Ivanisivo, Subbotino, Kriulino) were godforsaken corners. Of all the villages listed, only one was open in September 1902 Subbotinsky elementary school (school), where all the surrounding children studied writing, reading, the Law of God, church singing.

From the report of the Bogorodsk district Zemsky Administration of the Moscow province on the school part for 1904 it is clear that the only teacher at the Subbotinskaya school was a certain Belyakov. And in all likelihood, he was an excellent specialist, since from the same document it is clear that the teacher Belyakov is given an additional payment in the amount of 60 rubles for good teaching. Somewhat later, he was awarded a monetary allowance in the amount of 25 rubles for exemplary work.

In addition to general education subjects, the only teacher taught church singing, and as a result of an inspection of educational institutions in the Bogorodsk district in 1903-1904 in the Subbotinskaya school, "the beautiful sound was most noted." Nevertheless, the school was recognized as average in terms of performance due to the lack of musical literacy of the teacher Belyakov - he was strongly recommended to attend “musical knowledge courses”.

In addition to church singing, the Law of God was taught from time to time in the school; the teachers changed very often, since the parish church was about six miles away and there were few who wanted to go to the lesson through sticky impassable mud. Because of this, the Zemsky administration of the Bogorodsky district had to introduce an additional fare for the teacher of the law. Received it first in 1902 a certain Anserov.

At the junction Calm on the 7th Bogorodskaya branch ...

In Russia, there are cities with a long history, such as Uglich, Shuya, Torzhok. They seemed to have survived the heyday in those distant times and at the beginning of the century they became quiet cozy places. They began to be replaced by cities with vigorous activity, with powerful construction and modern industry. These include our city, which in 2008 will be fulfilled.

Undoubtedly, the foundation of the city was given by the creation of the Elektrostal plant and the Equipment Plant (now OAO Mashinostroitelny Zavod), which actually belonged to the major Russian industrialist Nikolai Alexandrovich Vtorov before the revolution.

Factory construction started in 1916 in order to supply the army with military products. The first builders and workers were the inhabitants of the surrounding villages: Afanasovo, Shibanovo, Vysokovo, Subbotino. For the entrepreneur, they were an inconvenient, unreliable people, because they had their own plots of land, and it was impossible to keep them by any means when the sowing or harvesting began. What employees have repeatedly reported to N.A. Vtorov.

Fabrikant began to look for a way out of the situation, and in May 1916"Special meeting on the defense of the state" decides to recognize the Vtorov high-speed steel plant working for defense. Thanks to this document, the employees of the enterprise received a deferment from conscription for military service. After the decision, the best engineering and working personnel began to flock to Vtorov. In addition, the “foreign departments of the Defense Committee” supplied “gratuitous” labor force from the Kyrgyz, Kazakhs of military age, who were not suitable for military service due to their “darkness” and “illiteracy”.

However, the working conditions at the plant were akin to front-line ones. Here is evidence from the memoirs of a worker at the Elektrostal plant, Selivanov: “We didn’t have apartments, we lived in boilers. There was an impenetrable swamp here. For six months we lived on the street, slept in huts on birch trees. Often, in bad weather, the trees swayed and threw the inhabitants of the huts to the ground.

According to the stories of the city old-timer S.P. Romanov, the barracks were little better than the boilers: “Squeezed into the pits, the barracks in spring, summer and autumn were surrounded by mud and shrouded in putrefactive fumes, and in winter they were swept with snow. Each barrack was a long room equipped with bunk beds. In the evening it was dimly lit by a kerosene lamp. In the middle stood a stove, hung with footcloths and wet clothes, and on both sides of the aisle, the legs of sleeping people stuck out from the bunks. To match the living conditions was work. It was necessary to clear a place for construction, cut wood, uproot stumps, clean ditches on the sides of the railway in incredibly difficult conditions, standing right in the swamp. We worked 11-12 hours.

Qualified employees of factories turned out to be in more advantageous conditions - housing standards depended on the amount of earnings: “for those receiving a salary of up to 1800 rubles - 10 square meters. sazhens, for those receiving a salary from 2100 to 3000 rubles - 18 square meters. sazhens, for those receiving a salary from 4200 to 7200 rubles - 25 square meters. fathoms. Director - 70 sq. fathoms."

Difficult working conditions could not but affect the health of people, in the lists of those liable for military service there were often notes “died”, “sick”, “unfit for work”. Mortality was especially high among the "foreigners" (Kazakhs and Kirghiz), who had a hard time enduring climate change. The head of the Bogorodsk (Noginsk) zemstvo hospital repeatedly informed the plant's management: "I hereby certify that such and such a foreigner liable for military service, who was admitted to the Bogorodsk zemstvo hospital for treatment, died of lobar pneumonia."

Despite such a difficult situation in the village of Calm before 1917 there was not only a doctor, but even a paramedic. The first paramedic Vasily Sergeevich Timofeev arrived in 1917, a in 1918 the first doctor, Nikolai Sergeevich Zagonov, also appeared.

1938, when the village of Elektrostal (originally called Calm) received the status of a city. But the history of the emergence of Elektrostal begins much earlier.

The territory from the village of Fryazevo to the city of Bogorodsk (modern Noginsk) has long been called the tract Zatishye - a forest area where small villages were located - Chirikovo, Shibanovo, Vysokovo, Afanasovo and others. In 1885, the Fryazevo-Bogorodsk railway line was laid in these places, and a small half-station called Calm was built at the 7th verst of this road. Although these places were not very habitable, people, nevertheless, lived here.

Some revival in these places occurred in 1914, when one-story wooden houses were built on the eastern side of the Calm, intended for a hospital for the needs of the First World War. However, the hospital in Calm was never organized. Some of these houses, later rebuilt in stone, have survived to this day. They stand on the modern streets of Karl Marx and Korneev.

Two years later, in 1916, he began to build two factories on the territory of the future city - the Bogorodsk Equipment Plant (for the production of shells) and the Elektrostal electrometallurgical plant (for the smelting of high-quality steel grades), the laying of which took place almost at the same time. The reason for the construction was the poor preparation of the Russian Empire for the First World War, the army needed a lot of ammunition, as well as good quality steel. And Vtorov undertook to solve this problem. The place was not chosen by chance. The presence of a railway here, the relative proximity to Moscow, with a relatively uninhabited territory, played a role.

The date of birth of the Bogorodsk Equipment Plant is February 28, 1917, when the first product was produced - 600 three-inch grenades. And the Elektrostal plant opened already under Soviet rule - on November 17, 1917. It was on this day that the first melting took place. Despite the fact that tsarist Russia collapsed, he continued to energetically deal with the affairs of factories.

After the death of the founder of the factories, the policy of the new Soviet government did not bypass the Calm either. In 1918, the equipment factory was nationalized, and in 1919, the electrometallurgical plant.

Simultaneously with the factories, housing for workers was being built, people began to arrive here. Mostly barracks were built, but even barracks were not enough. Construction was carried out spontaneously. There was a completely unforeseen barrack individual building. The builders have no materials, money, mechanisms. Factories should provide people with at least some kind of housing. As a result, instead of a single village, several isolated residential areas were formed around the factories, 1.5-2 km apart from each other. The settlement "Calm" - that was the name of the current eastern side - was mainly private houses of private development. The most comfortable is the working settlement of the Elektrostal plant, which is located around the plant in the Gorky Street area, with capital multi-storey stone houses. There was also the village of "Radio Station" - in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe Avangard stadium, on both sides of the road; in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe Metallurg platform there was a Tatar village. The development of the eastern village was not foreseen by the plan at all. And the postal address was written like this: Moscow region, Noginsk district, the village of Calm, then - either the name of the plant, or the name of the village, the number of the barracks, or simply - such and such a booth.

In 1918, a village outpatient clinic was opened, the first doctor of which was Nikolai Sergeevich Zagonov. The dispensary was located in a wooden hut near the building of the substation Calm. In addition to Zagonov, who was the head physician, two paramedics worked in the outpatient clinic. Then the first school appeared, in which only 35 children studied and where there was only primary education. The first teacher in Calm was Lidia Konstantinovna Alekseeva, a graduate of the Krasnoselsky Lyceum. In the 1920s, a hospital, a club to them. Gorky with a library in it, a stadium (the current Metallurg stadium). The first streets were Gorky Street and K. Marx Street, where 4 and 3-storey buildings were being built.

In 1928, the settlement of Calm, together with other factory districts, formed the working settlement of Elektrostal (named after one of the factories) of the Bogorodsky district (since 1930 - the Noginsk district). The population of the village was 2.5 thousand people.

The 1930s is one of the brightest pages in the history of the development and formation of Elektrostal. The country begins to overcome the devastation after the Revolution and the Civil War, powerful industrial centers are being built, and science is developing. Electrostal plants do not stand aside either. Their power is growing at a rapid pace. Every year more and more workers, engineers, technicians and employees arrive in the village.

At the end of 1932, the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks considered the development of metallurgy, emphasizing the importance of quickly completing the construction and reconstruction of metallurgical plants, including Elektrostal. The construction of the factories of the village became one of the shock construction projects under the name "Bolshaya Elektrostal". A grandiose enlargement of the Elektrostal plant and the Noginsk Equipment Plant (now the plant) begins in the city. Residents from all neighboring regions flock to the village. By the end of the 1930s, the population already exceeded 40 thousand people. In 1933, the metal of the Elektrostal plant was widely used in machine tool building, aviation, automotive and other industries. The frame of the ruby ​​stars of the Moscow Kremlin was made from it, the columns of the Mayakovskaya metro station were lined. The sculptural group "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" (sculptor V. Mukhina) was made of stainless steel.

And on January 1, 2001, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the village of Elektrostal was transformed into the city of Elektrostal of regional subordination. This date is considered the birthday of the city of Elektrostal. At that time, according to the first passport of the city, there were 445 (mostly one-story) stone and wooden houses, the total area of ​​which was 120 thousand square meters. m. and 43 thousand people lived in them.

During the Great Patriotic War, the enterprises of the young city, like many others throughout the country, worked for the Victory. The factories did not stop their work even in the most intense days of the defense of Moscow: up to 250-300 cars a day came straight from the front for the products of the factories. There was a catastrophic shortage of people, cadre workers were replaced by women and teenagers who worked 12-14 hours a day. In the places of men, where remarkable strength and endurance were required, women stood up.

In 1942, the GKO (State Defense Committee) decided to locate the Novokramatorsk Machine-Building Plant named after Stalin - NKMZ (now it is the Elektrostal Heavy Machine-Building Plant) in the city of Elektrostal. Soon the plant arrived at a new location - in the city of Elektrostal (equipment at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War was evacuated from the Donbass to Orsk). Efim Stepanovich Novoselov was appointed its first director. Already in August, the plant produced the first machines designed for the mining and metallurgical industries.

During the war, about 82 types of ammunition were produced in the city. The release of shells for the Katyushas was also introduced. In some military periods, almost every second shell was made at Elektrostal.

During the war years, almost 12,000 people left Elektrostal for the front. 3,527 people did not return from the battlefields of the Great Patriotic War. For military exploits, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to 17 residents of the city: Mikhailov-Dyomin, the streets of the city were named after three of them - Nikolaev (formerly Polyarnaya), Zhulyabin (formerly Noginskaya) and Korneeva.

After the end of the war, the inhabitants of the city took an active part in the restoration of the country, and two years later the level of industrial production exceeded the pre-war level.

The equipment factory was retrained and began to master new productions. Since 1945, the plant was the first to become part of the country's nuclear industry under the program to create an atomic bomb, and later a hydrogen bomb. In 1953, the plant was reorganized to produce fuel for nuclear power plants, icebreakers and other vehicles.

In the postwar years, the city of Elektrostal was given the status of a city of regional subordination in the Moscow region of the Russian Federation. The city developed rapidly, new industries arose, new multi-storey buildings of original architecture, palaces of culture, schools were erected, streets and avenues were built.

Elektrostal was conceived as the city of the future. As conceived by the architects, the city of workers required large spaces filled with light, air, and greenery. The entire city was turned into a construction site.

Wide streets could be seen through the barracks, Stalin Avenue (now Lenin Avenue) was being erected, new quarters were growing on the site of wastelands. There was an intensive building of Chernyshevsky, Polyarnaya (now Nikolaev), Shkolnaya (now Tevosyan), Raskova streets. The eastern part of Elektrostal was completed, mainly with one-story houses, work was carried out to improve the streets. A great contribution to the formation of the modern look in 1953-1966 was made by its chief architect Pavel Ivanovich Lopushansky.

In the late 1940s, a machine-building technical school appeared in Elektrostal. A large stadium with stands was built on the eastern side of the city. In 1950, the first shuttle bus passed through the city along Sovetskaya Street from the street. Chernyshevsky to st. K. Marx. There were four buses on this route.

Cultural and educational institutions and monuments were erected. The first monument was erected in 1955 on the street named after him, and the club was renamed the House of Culture. M. Gorky.

Currently, four large plants operate in the city: Open Joint Stock Company Machine Building Plant (trademark Elemash, produces nuclear fuel for foreign and domestic nuclear power plants), Open Joint Stock Company Metallurgical Plant Elektrostal (Elektrostal), Open Joint Stock Company Elektrostal Heavy Machine Building Plant (produces rolling mills for the metallurgical industry), Zelinsky Electrostal Chemical and Mechanical Plant Open Joint Stock Company (produces chemical protection products). In addition to the four city-forming factories, there are 30 large and medium-sized enterprises.

Today Elektrostal is a city of regional subordination in the Moscow region of the Russian Federation, the only settlement of the Elektrostal urban district. This is one of the largest industrial centers of the Moscow region, which occupies a leading position in terms of industrial production. The main industries are: nuclear industry (production of nuclear fuel), heavy engineering, metallurgical and chemical industries. The construction of new modern residential complexes, shopping centers has been launched in the city, sports and cultural facilities are being reconstructed.

In 1996, the coat of arms of the city of Elektrostal was approved and entered into the State Register under number 134.
In 2002, the solemn opening of the monument to the founder of the city, Nikolai Aleksandrovich Vtorov, took place in Elektrostal.

The article used materials from sites:

bogorodsk-noginsk. en

Elektrostal is the largest industrial city in the Moscow region. Powerful factories that employ most of the residents are in perfect harmony with the most beautiful green parks and boulevards, bright flower beds and lawns that adorn the entire city. A picturesque view of the environs of Elektrostal is given by amazing forests and reservoirs. Well, would you like to take a look at this town? Go!

A few words about the history of this young town, which is inextricably linked with the activities of factories. At the beginning of the 20th century, the first electrometallurgical plant in Russia, Elektrostal, was built here, and a small settlement of Zatishye was formed on this site. And already in 1938, Elektrostal was given the status of a city. Numerous monuments tell about the history of the city: monument to the founder of the plant "Elektrostal" Nikolai Vtorov at the House of Culture on Koreshkova Street, monument to the honorary chief engineer of this plant - Tevosyan standing on the street of the same name, sculpture "Steelworker", monument to K. Marx and M. Gorky, Monument to the Hero of the Soviet Union Korneev, Monument to the Soldiers Who Died in the North Caucasus, memorial dedicated to the "Warriors who died in Afghanistan", monument to the memory of the liquidators of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and others. very easy - choose the appropriate option on the Daily.ru website.

AT park of culture and recreation you can have a great time: ride the rides, relax in the shade of tall trees on benches, have a snack in an outdoor cafe. In winter, for residents and guests of the city, an open ice rink "Lapland". Building looks impressive Ice Palace "Crystal" built back in the 70s.

And, of course, you can not ignore the holy places of Elektrostal. All cathedrals can be called young - they were built in the 90s of the last century. built in 1996 in Byzantine style, church of the healer Panteleimon located on the territory of the central city hospital, Church of the Ascension founded in 1990

For curious tourists there are museums of the city. Historical and Art Museum stores many exhibits telling about the history of the region. There is also an art salon where you can buy works of talented artists and masters of arts and crafts as a souvenir of the trip. Also, if you wish, you can visit the exhibition hall on Chernyshevsky Street, museum and exhibition center on Raskova Street and interesting theatrical performances of creative studios.

And now about modern entertainment. The doors of cinemas popular among residents are open for you - Cinema Gallery and Sovremennik, shopping center "Elgrad", entertainment centers "Solaris", "Domino", "Metelitsa", bowling center. Billiards, bars, pizzerias, cafes, game attractions, karaoke and much more await you in the largest family entertainment complexes. Everyone here will find an exciting activity to their liking! And for lovers of especially active entertainment, it works paintball club "Avangard". If you want to have fun at night - welcome to incendiary nightclubs! The best DJs, exciting show programs, stylish design - all this awaits you in clubs "Brilliant", "Hermitage", "Seven Winds", "Beehive", "Ibiza", "Aurora" and others.

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Anna Suchkova
Presentation and story "Elektrostal for children". (for older preschool children) Part 1

slide 1 Story« Elektrostal - for children» .

(for children of senior preschool age) .

Dear children, do you like to travel? Of course yes!

slide 2 I invite you today to travel around our beloved city Elektrostal. slide 3 Our city is famous for its industry. In it m many factories: slide 4 Elektrostalsky heavy engineering plant, slide 5 plant « Elektrostal» , slide 6 Machine-building plant, chemical industry plant. slide 7. It is not for nothing that the ancient Greek god of fire and blacksmithing Hephaestus is depicted on the coat of arms of our city. It symbolizes one of the main industrial branches of the city - metallurgy, and the upward atom is a symbol of the city's contribution to the development of the nuclear industry. That's why Elektrostal- industrial city.

In our city, not only industry is developed, but also cultural life. The city has many cultural centers and palaces.

slide 8 Cultural center "October"- there is an exhibition hall, various circles for children and youth hold concerts and theatrical performances.

slide 9 House of Culture. M. Gorky conducts an active and rich creative activity on the stage sites of our city: evenings of rest, New Year's performances, professional holidays. Several creative teams work in the house of culture.

slide 10 Cultural Center "Leisure". Today, circles and groups of self-made art work in the center. About four hundred events a year are held within the walls of the Cultural Center "Leisure".

slide 11 Cultural Center. N. P. Vasilyeva. At first, the factory club named after V.I. E. Yaroslavsky, matinees for kids were held here, films were shown. Today there are creative teams, a library and a sports hall.

slide 12 House of Culture. K. Marx. Today, concerts, performances are held in the house of culture, city creative groups perform, and children's performances are shown.

slide 13 Youth center, there are studios, clubs, children's playrooms, a library and much more.

slide 14, 15 There are two music schools in the city, whose students take participation in creative competitions, taking prizes. slide 16 Pavel Kusakin, a graduate of our kindergarten, graduated from music school and now involved in Russian and international competitions.

slide 17 There is also an art school in the city. From the first years of work, the school has occupied and still holds a leading position in terms of the level and quality of professional training of students among art schools in the region.

The city has a whole system of libraries: slide 18 Central Library, im. K. Paustovsky, slide 19 Central Children's Library, slide 20 specialized local history library. slide 21 You are with your parents often visit the family reading library "hearth". For you, the library staff conduct excursions, holidays, organize exhibitions of drawings and crafts with your help.

slide 22, 23. Exhibitions on various topics are held in the Museum and Exhibition Center and the Exhibition Hall of the city: local lore, historical, about our city. The museum keeps many exhibits that clearly illustrate the history of our region.

slide 24. Our kindergarten also has a museum, "Russian hut" where you can get to know the life of people in antiquity.

slide 25 There are many places for recreation in the city, your favorite place is the park of culture and recreation, there are various attractions, slot machines.

slide 26 The park is open in winter "Lapland". This is a real winter park with a skating rink and slides.

slide 27 There are three cinemas in the city - cinema center "Contemporary", "Movie Gallery", "Kinocity".

slide 28 Elektrostal deservedly bears the title of the sports capital of the Moscow region. There are many world champions and Olympic medalists among our townspeople. In sports arenas not only of Russian, but also of the International level electrostal sportsmen, pupils of city sections and schools have been holding strong leading positions for a long time.