The internal energy of the body depends
1) only on the temperature of this body
2) only from the mass of this body
3) only from the aggregate state of matter
4) on temperature, body weight and state of aggregation of matter
Solution.
The internal energy of a body is the sum of the kinetic energy of the thermal motion of its atoms and molecules and the potential energy of their interaction with each other. The internal energy of the body increases when heated, since with increasing temperature the kinetic energy of the molecules also increases. However, the internal energy of a body depends not only on its temperature, the forces acting on it, and the degree of fragmentation. During melting, solidification, condensation and evaporation, that is, when the state of aggregation of the body changes, the potential energy of the bond between its atoms and molecules also changes, which means that its internal energy also changes. It is obvious that the internal energy of a body must be proportional to its volume (hence, its mass) and equal to the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules and atoms that make up this body. Thus, the internal energy depends on the temperature, and on the mass of the body, and on the state of aggregation.
Answer: 4
Source: GIA in Physics. main wave. Option 1313.
An example of a phenomenon in which mechanical energy is converted into internal energy is
1) boiling water on a gas burner
2) the glow of the filament of an electric light bulb
3) heating a metal wire in a fire flame
4) damping of oscillations of the thread pendulum in the air
Solution.
The internal energy of a body is the sum of the kinetic energy of the thermal motion of its atoms and molecules and the potential energy of their interaction with each other.
Boiling water on a gas burner is an example of the transformation of the energy of a chemical reaction (combustion of gas) into the internal energy of water.
The glow of the filament of a light bulb is an example of the conversion of electrical energy into radiation energy.
Heating a metal wire in a fire flame is an example of the transformation of the energy of a chemical reaction (combustion of fuel) into the internal energy of the wire.
The damping of oscillations of a filament pendulum in air is an example of the transformation of the mechanical energy of the pendulum into the internal of the pendulum.
The correct answer is numbered 4.
Answer: 4
Source: GIA in Physics. main wave. Option 1326.
1) the average distance between alcohol molecules increases
2) the volume of each molecule of alcohol decreases
3) the volume of each molecule of alcohol increases
alcohol
Solution.
Temperature characterizes the average speed of movement of the molecules of a substance. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases, the molecules, moving more slowly on average, are on average at a smaller distance from each other.
The correct answer is numbered 4.
Answer: 4
Source: GIA in Physics. main wave. Far East. Option 1327.
When heating a column of alcohol in a thermometer
1) the average distance between alcohol molecules decreases
2) the average distance between alcohol molecules increases
3) the volume of alcohol molecules increases
4) the volume of alcohol molecules decreases
Solution.
Temperature characterizes the average speed of movement of the molecules of a substance. Accordingly, as the temperature increases, the molecules, moving faster on average, are on average at a greater distance from each other.
The correct answer is numbered 2.
Answer: 2
Source: GIA in Physics. main wave. Far East. Option 1328.
Choose from the proposed pairs of substances the one in which the diffusion rate at the same temperature will be the smallest.
3) ether vapor and air
Solution.
The diffusion rate is determined by the temperature, the state of aggregation of the substance and the size of the molecules of which this substance is composed. Diffusion in solids is slower than in liquids or gases.
The correct answer is numbered 4.
Answer: 4
Source: GIA in Physics. main wave. Far East. Option 1329.
When a gas is heated in a hermetically sealed vessel of constant volume
1) the average distance between molecules increases
3) the average distance between molecules decreases
Solution.
When a gas is heated in a hermetically sealed vessel of constant volume, the molecules begin to move faster, i.e., the average modulus of the velocity of the molecules increases. The average distance between molecules does not increase, since the vessel is of constant volume. Such a process is called isochoric (from other Greek iso - constant, good - place).
The correct answer is numbered 4.
Answer: 4
Source: GIA in Physics. main wave. Option 1331.
When a gas is cooled in a hermetically sealed vessel of constant volume
1) the average distance between molecules decreases
2) the average distance between molecules increases
3) the average modulus of the speed of movement of molecules decreases
4) the average modulus of the speed of movement of molecules increases
Solution.
When the gas is cooled in a hermetically sealed vessel of constant volume, the molecules begin to move more slowly, i.e., the average modulus of the velocity of the molecules decreases. The average distance between molecules does not decrease, since the vessel is of constant volume. Such a process is called isochoric (from other Greek iso - constant, good - place).
The correct answer is numbered 3.
Answer: 3
Source: GIA in Physics. main wave. Option 1332.
Which of the types of heat transfer is (are) carried out without the transfer of matter?
1) radiation and thermal conductivity
2) radiation and convection
3) only thermal conductivity
4) only convection
Solution.
Without the transfer of matter, heat conduction and radiation take place.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Answer: 1
Source: GIA in Physics. main wave. Option 1333.
After steam having a temperature of 120 °C was let into water at room temperature, the internal energy
1) both steam and water decreased
2) both steam and water increased
3) steam decreased and water increased
4) steam increased and water decreased
Solution.
The internal energy is proportional to the temperature of the body and the potential energy of the interaction of the molecules of the body with each other. After hot steam was introduced into cold water, the temperature of the steam decreased and that of the water increased. Thus, the internal energy of steam has decreased, and water has increased.
The correct answer is numbered 3.
Answer: 3
A. Convection.
B. Thermal conductivity.
The correct answer is
2) neither A nor B
3) only A
4) only B
Solution.
Heat conduction is carried out without the transfer of matter.
The correct answer is numbered 4.
Answer: 4
In the absence of heat transfer, the volume of the gas increased. Wherein
1) the temperature of the gas has decreased, but the internal energy has not changed
2) the temperature of the gas has not changed, but the internal energy has increased
3) the temperature and internal energy of the gas have decreased
4) the temperature and internal energy of the gas have increased
Solution.
In an adiabatic process, as the volume increases, the temperature decreases. The internal energy is proportional to the temperature of the body and the potential energy of the interaction of the molecules of the body with each other. Consequently, the temperature and internal energy of the gas decreased.
The correct answer is numbered 3.
Answer: 3
In what state of aggregation is the substance, if it has its own shape and volume?
1) only in solid
2) only in liquid
3) only in gaseous
4) in solid or liquid
Solution.
In a solid state, matter has a shape and volume, in a liquid state it has only a volume, in a gaseous state it has neither shape nor volume.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Answer: 1
2) the average modulus of the velocity of the molecules decreases
4) the average distance between molecules decreases
Solution.
In an isochoric process, when the gas is cooled, the temperature will decrease, i.e., the average modulus of the velocity of the molecules will decrease.
The correct answer is numbered 2.
Answer: 2
The figure shows a graph of the dependence of the temperature of a substance t from the amount of heat received Q during the heating process. Initially, the substance was in a solid state. What state of aggregation corresponds to point A on the graph?
1) solid state
2) liquid state
3) gaseous state
4) partly solid, partly liquid state
Solution.
Since the substance was originally in a solid state and point A is at the beginning of the horizontal section corresponding to the melting of the substance, point A corresponds to the solid state of the substance.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Answer: 1
Four spoons are made of different materials: aluminum, wood, plastic and glass. The highest thermal conductivity has a spoon made of
1) aluminum
3) plastics
Solution.
A spoon made of aluminum has the highest thermal conductivity, since aluminum is a metal. The high thermal conductivity of metals is due to the presence of free electrons.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Answer: 1
Choose from the proposed pairs of substances the one in which the diffusion rate at the same temperature will be the highest.
1) a solution of copper sulfate and water
2) a grain of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) and water
3) ether vapor and air
4) lead and copper plates
Solution.
At the same temperature, the diffusion rate will be the highest for ether and air vapors, since diffusion in gaseous substances proceeds faster than in liquid or solid ones.
The correct answer is numbered 3.
Answer: 3
When a gas is cooled in a closed vessel
1) the average modulus of the speed of movement of molecules increases
2) the average modulus of the velocity of the molecules decreases
3) the average distance between molecules increases
4) the average distance between molecules decreases
Solution.
When a gas is cooled in a closed vessel, the temperature of the gas decreases, therefore, the average modulus of the velocity of the molecules decreases.
The correct answer is numbered 2.
Answer: 2
The figure shows a graph of the dependence of water temperature on time. Which section(s) of the graph relates to the water cooling process?
1) only HEDGEHOG
2) only DG
3) DG and HEDGEHOG
4) DG, DE and HEDGEHOG
Solution.
The boiling point of water is 100 °C. Consequently, the sections correspond to the liquid state of water AB and HEDGEHOG. Water cooling corresponds to the area HEDGEHOG.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Alexey Borzykh 07.06.2016 14:22
The task, in my opinion, is incorrect. What is meant by water: the chemical element H20 in all its states of aggregation or H20 exclusively in the liquid state?
1) If H2O is understood in all states, then the correct answer is 4, not 1.
2) If only the liquid state is understood, then the following is incorrect: in the first sentence of the problem it is said that in the figure there is a graph of the dependence of the water temperature; this is not so, since in the same figure not only water, but also steam.
What type of heat transfer occurs without the transfer of matter?
A. Radiation.
B. Convection.
The correct answer is
1) only A
2) only B
4) neither A nor B
Solution.
Radiation occurs without the transfer of matter.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Answer: 1
Substance in the gaseous state
1) has its own shape and volume
2) has its own volume, but does not have its own shape
3) has neither its own shape nor its own volume
4) has its own shape, but does not have its own volume
Solution.
The gas occupies all the space given to it, whatever form it may be. Therefore, it has neither its own form nor its own volume.
The correct answer is numbered 3.
Answer: 3
When cooling a column of alcohol in a thermometer
1) the volume of alcohol molecules decreases
2) the volume of alcohol molecules increases
3) the average distance between alcohol molecules decreases
4) the average distance between alcohol molecules increases
Solution.
Alcohol is a liquid, and liquids have the ability to change the volume they occupy with a change in temperature. As the temperature decreases, the average distance between the alcohol molecules will decrease, since the kinetic energy of the alcohol molecules will decrease.
The correct answer is numbered 3.
Answer: 3
After a hot part is immersed in cold water, the internal energy
1) both parts and water will increase
2) both parts and water will decrease
3) Parts will decrease while water will increase
4) Parts will increase while water will decrease
Solution.
The internal energy of a body is the total kinetic energy of the movement of the molecules of the body and the potential energy of their interaction. A hot item in cold water will cool and the water will warm up. The kinetic energy of molecules depends on temperature, so the energy of the part will decrease, and the energy of water will increase.
The correct answer is numbered 3.
Answer: 3
A tourist lit a fire at a halt in calm weather. Being at some distance from the fire, the tourist feels warm. In what way is the process of heat transfer from the fire to the tourist mainly taking place?
1) by conduction
2) by convection
3) by radiation
4) by conduction and convection
Solution.
Air is a poor conductor of heat, so heat is not transferred through heat transfer in this case. The phenomenon of convection is that the warmer layers of air rise above, and the cold ones fall down. If there is no wind, then warm air masses do not reach the tourist, but rise up. Therefore, heat transfer is mainly carried out by radiation.
The correct answer is numbered 3.
Answer: 3
What energy changes occur in a piece of ice when it melts?
1) the kinetic energy of a piece of ice increases
2) the internal energy of a piece of ice decreases
3) the internal energy of a piece of ice increases
4) the internal energy of the water that makes up the piece of ice increases
Solution.
The internal energy of a body is the total kinetic energy of the movement of the molecules of the body and the potential energy of their interaction. When ice melts, it turns into water, while the potential energy of interaction of water molecules increases, therefore, the internal energy of the water that makes up a piece of ice increases.
The correct answer is numbered 4.
Answer: 4
t two kilograms of some liquid from the amount of heat communicated to it Q.
1) 1600 J/(kg °C)
2) 3200 J/(kg °C)
3) 1562.5 J/(kg °C)
4) 800 J/(kg °C)
Solution.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Answer: 1
The figure shows a graph of the dependence of temperature t four kilograms of some liquid from the amount of heat communicated to it Q.
What is the specific heat capacity of this liquid?
1) 1600 J/(kg °C)
2) 3200 J/(kg °C)
3) 1562.5 J/(kg °C)
4) 800 J/(kg °C)
Solution.
Specific heat capacity is a value that characterizes the amount of heat required to heat a body of mass 1 kg by 1 degree. Having determined from the graph the amount of heat spent on heating in Joules from 20 ° C to 40 ° C, we find:
The correct answer is numbered 4.
Answer: 4
The ice began to heat up, as a result of which it turned into a liquid state. Water molecules in liquid state
1) are on average closer to each other than in the solid state
2) are on average at the same distances from each other as in the solid state
4) can be both closer to each other and further apart, compared to the solid state
Solution.
The crystal structure of ice causes its density to be less than the density of water, which means that when melted, the volume of water will decrease. Therefore, water molecules in the liquid state are on average closer to each other than in the solid state.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Note.
This feature of the ice structure is due to the complex nature of the exchange interaction between water molecules. In addition to the constantly present forces of interaction: the forces of repulsion and attraction between molecules that act at different distances, there are also hydrogen bonds that change the energetically stable position of the molecules.
Answer: 1
Aluminum and steel spoons of the same mass, which are at room temperature, are lowered into a large tank of boiling water. After thermal equilibrium is established, the amount of heat received by the steel spoon from water is
1) less amount of heat received by an aluminum spoon
2) more heat received by an aluminum spoon
3) equal to the amount of heat received by the aluminum spoon
4) can be either more or less than the amount of heat received by the aluminum spoon
Solution.
After thermal equilibrium is established, the temperatures of the spoons will be the same, which means that the temperature increment Δt will also be the same. The amount of heat received Q is defined as the product of body mass, specific heat capacity of a substance and temperature increment:
Quantities m and Δt are the same for both substances, therefore, the lower the heat capacity of the substance, the less heat the corresponding spoon will receive.
Let's compare the heat capacities using tabular data for steel and aluminum, respectively:
Since a steel spoon will receive less heat from the water than an aluminum one.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Answer: 1
An open vessel is filled with water. Which figure correctly shows the direction of convection currents with the given heating scheme?
Solution.
Convection currents are currents of warm matter. With this heating scheme, convection flows will be directed upward and along the perimeter of the rectangle.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Answer: 1
Source: Demo version of GIA-2014 in physics.
In identical vessels with equal masses of water at the same temperature, brass and lead balls with equal masses and the same temperatures, higher than the temperature of the water, were immersed. It is known that after the establishment of thermal equilibrium, the temperature of water in a vessel with a brass ball increased more than in a vessel with a lead ball. Which metal - brass or lead - has a higher specific heat capacity? Which of the balls transferred more heat to the water and the vessel?
1) the specific heat capacity of brass is greater, the brass ball transferred more heat to the water and the vessel
2) the specific heat capacity of brass is greater, the brass ball transferred a smaller amount of heat to the water and the vessel
3) the specific heat capacity of lead is greater, the lead ball transferred more heat to the water and the vessel
4) the specific heat capacity of lead is greater, the lead ball transferred a smaller amount of heat to the water and the vessel
Solution.
Let us determine the heat that was transferred to the water and the vessel by the lead and brass ball, through a change in the temperature of the water.
From the condition, we know that , and the remaining parameters of the systems are equal, which means: . From this inequality, we can conclude that the brass ball transferred more heat to the water and the vessel than the lead ball.
Since we are considering a change in the temperature of the balls, here . This means that the specific heat capacity of brass is greater than that of lead.
The correct answer is numbered 1.
Answer: 1
In identical vessels with equal masses of water at the same temperature, copper and nickel balls with equal masses and the same temperatures are immersed, higher than the temperature of the water. It is known that after the establishment of thermal equilibrium, the temperature of water in a vessel with a nickel ball increased more than in a vessel with a copper ball. Which metal - copper or nickel - has a higher specific heat capacity? Which of the balls transferred more heat to the water and the vessel?
1) the specific heat capacity of copper is greater, the copper ball transferred more heat to the water and the vessel
2) the specific heat capacity of copper is greater, the copper ball transferred a smaller amount of heat to the water and the vessel
3) the specific heat capacity of nickel is greater, the nickel ball transferred more heat to the water and the vessel
4) the specific heat capacity of nickel is greater, the nickel ball transferred a smaller amount of heat to the water and the vessel
Solution.
Let us determine the heat that the copper or nickel balls transferred to the water and the vessel, through a change in the temperature of the water.
where is the final temperature of the water with a copper ball, is the final temperature of the water with a nickel ball, is the initial temperature of the water.
From the condition, we know that and the remaining parameters of the systems are equal, which means: From this inequality, we can conclude that the nickel ball transferred more heat to the water and the vessel than the copper ball.
Let us compose similar equations for changing the temperatures of the balls and express their specific heat capacities.
where is the initial temperature of the spheres.
Since we are considering a change in the temperature of the balls, here it means that the specific heat capacity of nickel is greater.
The most popular guide for preparing for the exam. The new handbook contains all the theoretical material on the course of physics required to pass the main state exam in the 9th grade. It includes all elements of the content, checked by control and measuring materials, and helps to generalize and systematize knowledge and skills for the basic school course. The theoretical material is presented in a concise and accessible form. Each section is accompanied by examples of test tasks. Practical tasks correspond to the OGE format. Answers to the tests are given at the end of the manual. The manual is addressed to schoolchildren, applicants and teachers.
MECHANICAL PHENOMENA.
mechanical movement. Trajectory. Path. Move.
Mechanical motion is a change in the position of a body in space relative to other bodies over time. There are various types of mechanical movement.
If all points of the body move in the same way and any straight line drawn in the body remains parallel to itself during its movement, then such a movement is called translational.
The points of a rotating wheel describe circles about the axis of this wheel. The wheel as a whole and all its points make a rotational movement.
If a body, for example, a ball suspended on a thread, deviates from the vertical position either in one direction or the other, then its movement is oscillatory.
The definition of the concept of mechanical motion includes the words "relative to other bodies". They mean that a given body can be at rest relative to some bodies and move relative to other bodies. Thus, a passenger sitting in a bus moving relative to buildings also moves relative to them, but is at rest relative to the bus. A raft that floats along the river is stationary relative to the water, but moving relative to the shore. Thus, speaking of the mechanical motion of a body, it is necessary to indicate the body relative to which the given body is moving or at rest. Such a body is called a reference body. In the above example with a moving bus, a house, or a tree, or a pole near the bus stop can be chosen as the reference body.
Content
Foreword
MECHANICAL PHENOMENA
mechanical movement. Trajectory. Path. moving
Uniform rectilinear motion
Speed. Acceleration. Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion
Free fall
Uniform motion of a body in a circle
Weight. Matter density
Strength. Addition of forces
Newton's laws
Friction force
Elastic force. Body weight
The law of universal gravitation. Gravity
body momentum. Law of conservation of momentum
Mechanical work. Power
Potential and kinetic energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy
simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms
Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Pascal's law. Law of Archimedes
Mechanical vibrations and waves
THERMAL PHENOMENA
The structure of matter. Models of the structure of gas, liquid and solid body
Thermal motion of atoms and molecules. Relationship between the temperature of a substance and the speed of the chaotic motion of particles. Brownian motion. Diffusion. Thermal equilibrium
Internal energy. Work and heat transfer as ways to change internal energy
Types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation
Quantity of heat. Specific heat
The law of conservation of energy in thermal processes. Energy conversion in heat engines
Evaporation and condensation. boiling liquid
Melting and crystallization
ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA
Electrification of tel. Two types of electric charges. Interaction of electric charges. The law of conservation of electric charge
Electric field. The action of an electric field on electric charges. Conductors and dielectrics
Constant electric current. Current strength. Voltage. Electrical resistance. Ohm's law for a section of an electrical circuit
Series and parallel connection of conductors
Work and power of electric current. Joule-Lenz law
Oersted's experience. The magnetic field of the current. Interaction of magnets. The action of a magnetic field on a current-carrying conductor
Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments. Electromagnetic oscillations and waves
The law of rectilinear propagation of light. The law of reflection of light. Flat mirror. Light refraction
Light dispersion Lens. Focal length of the lens. The eye as an optical system. Optical devices
QUANTUM PHENOMENA
Radioactivity. Alpha, beta, gamma radiation. Rutherford's experiments. Planetary model of the atom
The composition of the atomic nucleus. Nuclear reactions
Reference materials
An example of a variant of OGE control and measuring materials (GIL)
Answers.
Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Physics, A new complete reference book for preparing for the OGE, Purysheva N.S., 2016 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.
Physics. A new complete guide to preparing for the OGE. Purysheva N.S.
2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: 2016 - 288 p.
This handbook contains all the theoretical material on the course of physics required to pass the main state exam in the 9th grade. It includes all elements of the content, checked by control and measuring materials, and helps to generalize and systematize knowledge and skills for the basic school course. The theoretical material is presented in a concise, accessible form. Each section is accompanied by examples of test tasks. Practical tasks correspond to the OGE format. Answers to the tests are given at the end of the manual. The manual is addressed to schoolchildren and teachers.
Format: pdf
The size: 6.9 MB
Watch, download:drive.google
CONTENT
Preface 5
MECHANICAL PHENOMENA
mechanical movement. Trajectory. Path.
Move 7
Uniform rectilinear motion 15
Speed. Acceleration. Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion 21
Free fall 31
Uniform motion of a body in a circle 36
Weight. Matter density 40
Strength. Composition of forces 44
Newton's laws 49
Friction force 55
Elastic force. Body weight 60
The law of universal gravitation. Gravity 66
body momentum. Law of conservation of momentum 71
Mechanical work. Power 76
Potential and kinetic energy. Law of conservation of mechanical energy 82
simple mechanisms. Efficiency of simple mechanisms 88
Pressure. Atmosphere pressure. Pascal's law. Archimedes' Law 94
Mechanical vibrations and waves 105
THERMAL PHENOMENA
The structure of matter. Models of gas, liquid and solid structure 116
Thermal motion of atoms and molecules. Relationship between the temperature of a substance and the speed of the chaotic motion of particles. Brownian motion. Diffusion.
Thermal equilibrium 125
Internal energy. Work and heat transfer as ways to change internal energy 133
Types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation 138
Quantity of heat. Specific heat capacity 146
The law of conservation of energy in thermal processes.
Energy conversion in heat engines 153
Evaporation and condensation. Boiling liquid 161
Melting and crystallization 169
ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA
Electrification of tel. Two types of electric charges. Interaction of electric charges. The law of conservation of electric charge 176
Electric field. The action of an electric field on electric charges. Conductors and dielectrics 182
Constant electric current. Current strength. Voltage. Electrical resistance. Ohm's law for the plot
electrical circuit 188
Series and parallel connections of conductors 200
Work and power of electric current. Joule-Lenz law 206
Oersted's experience. The magnetic field of the current. Interaction of magnets. The action of a magnetic field on a conductor with current 210
Electromagnetic induction. Faraday's experiments.
Electromagnetic vibrations and waves 220
The law of rectilinear propagation of light. Law
reflections of light. Flat mirror. Refraction of light 229
Light dispersion Lens. Focal length of the lens.
The eye as an optical system. Optical instruments 234
QUANTUM PHENOMENA
Radioactivity. Alpha, beta, gamma radiation.
Rutherford's experiments. Planetary model of the atom 241
The composition of the atomic nucleus. Nuclear reactions 246
Reference materials 252
An example of a variant of control and measuring materials OGE (GIA) 255
Answers 268
The handbook contains all the theoretical material on the basic school physics course and is designed to prepare 9th grade students for the main state exam (OGE).
The content of the main sections of the reference book - "Mechanical phenomena", "Thermal phenomena", "Electromagnetic phenomena", "Quantum phenomena", corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements in the subject, on the basis of which the control and measuring materials (KIMs) of the OGE are compiled.
The theoretical material is presented in a concise and accessible form. The clarity of presentation and clarity of the educational material will allow you to effectively prepare for the exam.
The practical part of the handbook includes samples of test tasks, which, both in form and in content, fully correspond to the real options offered at the main state exam in physics.
GIA - 2013 Physics (thermal phenomena) Prepared by the teacher of physics MAOU secondary school No. 12 of Gelendzhik Petrosyan O.R.
Correct answer: 3
Correct answer: 2
Correct answer: 2
Correct answer: 231
Correct answer: 4 Thermal equilibrium. Internal energy. work and heat transfer.
8.Correct answer 3 9.Correct answer 2
Correct answer: 122
Correct answer: 3
Correct answer: 1 The amount of heat. Specific heat.
4. Answer: 31.5 5. Answer: 52.44
6. Answer: 2.5 7. Answer: 2400
8. Answer: 21 9. Answer: 2
The figure shows the heating curve of a crystalline substance of mass m at a constant power of heat transfer to it. Match the sections of curves and formulas for calculating the amount of heat supplied to the substance in the section (c is the specific heat capacity, is the specific heat of fusion, r is the specific heat of vaporization). Answer 132 Melting and crystallization. Evaporation and condensation. Boiling liquid. Air humidity.
Answer: 118 Answer: 1360
11. Answer: 5150 J. The amount of heat expended is the sum of the amount of heat required to heat it to the melting point and the amount of heat expended on melting half the mass of the original lead 12. Answer: 38000 J. The amount of heat expended is the sum of the amount of heat required for melting the initial mass of ice and the amount of heat spent on heating the entire mass of water from 0 to 100C. 13. Answer: ≈2.4 MJ. The amount of heat spent on heating is the sum of the amount of heat required to heat water from 20 to 100C, the amount of heat spent on heating aluminum of a given mass from 20 to 100C. In addition, it must be taken into account that more heat will be needed, because not all of it goes to water heating.
Law of conservation of energy Correct answer 2
Correct answer: 213
Correct answer 4
Correct answer 3
Correct answer 2
Useful tips 3 hours (180 minutes) are allotted for the completion of the examination paper in physics. The work consists of 3 parts, including 27 tasks. Part 1 contains 19 tasks (1 - 19). For each of the first 18 tasks, four possible answers are given, of which only one is correct. When completing these Part 1 tasks, circle the number of the selected answer in the exam paper. If you circled the wrong number, cross out the circled number with a cross, and then circle the number of the new answer. The answer to task 19 of part 1 is written on a separate sheet. Part 2 contains 4 short answer tasks (20 - 23). When completing the tasks of part 2, the answer is recorded in the examination paper in the space provided for this. If you write down an incorrect answer, cross it out and write a new one next to it. Part 3 contains 4 tasks (24 - 27), which should be given a detailed answer. Answers to the tasks of part 3 are written on a separate sheet. Task 24 is experimental, and for its implementation it is necessary to use laboratory equipment. When calculating, it is allowed to use a non-programmable calculator. When completing tasks, the use of a draft is allowed. Please note that entries in the draft will not be taken into account when evaluating the work. We advise you to complete the tasks in the order in which they are given. To save time, skip the task that you can't complete right away and move on to the next one. If after completing all the work you have time left, you can return to the missed tasks.
The main changes in the GIA 2013 in physics are as follows: The total number of tasks has been increased to 27 The maximum primary score is 40 points The task has been added with a choice of answers - for thermal phenomena The task has been added with a short answer - for understanding and analyzing experimental data The task has been added with a detailed answer - on the use of information from the text of physical content
The maximum score is 40 points. Below is a scale for recalculating the primary score for the performance of the examination paper into a mark on a five-point scale. The minimum GIA score in physics for admission to specialized classes is 30 points. 2 3 4 5 0 - 8 9 - 18 19 - 29 30 - 40 Recalculation of primary points into the GIA mark in physics
