For the correct formulation and presentation of their own thoughts, schoolchildren and adults need to learn how to correctly place semantic accents in written speech. If in life we ​​often use simple constructions, then in writing we use complex sentences with different types of connection. Therefore, it is important to know the features of their construction.

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Classification

What types of communication proposals used in Russian :

• coordinative with and without unions, when the components of the syntactic construction are independent, equal in relation to each other;
• subordination, unionless and allied, when one part of the structure is the main one, and the second is dependent;
• allied, coordinating and subordinating, expressed with the help of coordinating or subordinating unions and allied words;

Complex sentences consist of several simple ones, therefore they have more than two grammatical bases. When meeting them, do not be surprised and remember that there can be not only 2 or 3 parts, but on average up to 10-15. They constantly combine different types of communication.

The main types of complex sentences with examples:

1. Unionless.
2. Compound.
3. Complex sentences.
4. Structures with different types of connection.

An example of a unionless relationship: The wind drives the clouds to the edge of heaven, the broken spruce groans, the winter forest whispers something.

It is necessary to note the main feature of constructions with a coordinative connection. The function of a coordinative connection is to show the equality of parts within a complex sentence, it is done with the help of intonation and the use of coordinating unions. Unionless communication can also be used.

How are compound sentences constructed? examples with diagrams :

The firmament cleared of hanging clouds - and the bright sun came out.

The fields were empty, the autumn forest became dark and transparent.

Sentences of the fourth type usually consist of three or more parts that are connected to each other in different ways. To better understand the meaning of such constructions, how to learn how complex sentences with different types of connection are built and grouped. Often, sentences are divided into several blocks, connected without union or with the help of a coordinating connection, while each of the parts represents a simple or complex sentence.

Dependent parts can have different semantic meanings, according to this feature complex sentences are divided into several groups.

Determinants

They serve to characterize and reveal the attribute of the noun being defined from the main clause. Join with and : where, from where, where, which, what. They are found only inside the main or after it. Questions can be posed to them: what?, whose?

Examples:

How painfully hot in those hours when noon hung in silence and heat.

For a long time he admired, smiling, his capricious beloved daughter, who thought, not noticing anything around.

Explanatory

They refer to words that have the meaning of thoughts (to reflect), feelings (to be sad), speech (answered, said), in order to reveal in detail the meaning of the main word, to clarify, to supplement. They also include demonstrative words - that, that, that, to which the dependent clause is attached. Connected by unions what, to, as if, as if.

Examples:

The guy quickly realized that the girlfriend's parents are not particularly smart, and thought out a further strategy.

This could be seen from the fact that he drove several times with his cart around the yard until he found the hut.

circumstantial

They are related to or to words that have adverbial meaning. Let's name their varieties and ways of attaching to the main word:

• time, specify the period of time when the action is performed, subordinating temporary unions are used for communication: when, until what time (When it was about the war, the stranger lowered his head and thought);
• places, talking about the place, are connected with the main word by allied words-adverbs: where, where, from where (Leaves, wherever you look, were yellow or golden);
• conditions that reveal under what circumstances this or that action is possible, are joined by subordinate conjunctions: if, if ..., then. They can start with particles - so, then (If it rains, then the tent will need to be moved higher);
• degree, specifies the measure or degree of action I in question, you can put questions to them: to what extent? to what extent? (The rain stopped so quickly that the ground did not have time to get wet.);
• goals, they tell what goal the action pursues and is connected by target unions: so that (In order not to be late, he decided to leave early);
• reasons, union is used for joining - because(He did not complete the task because he fell ill);
• the manner of action, indicate exactly how the action was performed, are joined by subordinating unions: as if, as if, exactly (the Forest was covered in snow, as if someone had bewitched it);
• consequences serve to clarify the result of an action, you can ask them a question - as a result of what? Join the union - so(The snow shone brighter in the sun, so that my eyes hurt);
• concessions, unions are used to join them: let it, although, despite. Allied words can be used (how, how much) with a particle neither (No matter how hard you try, nothing will work without knowledge and skills).

Building offer schemes

Let's take a look at what an offer scheme is. This is a graphic showing the structure proposals in a compact form.

Let's try to draw up schemes of sentences, which include two or more subordinate clauses. To do this, let's turn to examples with different inflected parts of speech.

Complicated sentences may consist of several subordinate clauses, which have a different relationship with each other.

There are the following types of offer links:

• homogeneous or associative;
• parallel (centralized);
• sequential (chain, linear).

Homogeneous

Characterized the following signs:

• all subordinate clauses can be attributed to the whole main thing or to one of the words;
• subordinate clauses are the same in meaning, answer one question;
• coordinating unions are connected or unionless communication is used;
• intonation during pronunciation is enumerative.

Examples and offer linear schemes:

I noticed how the stars began to blur (1), how a coolness swept by with a light breath (2).

, (how how…).

Sometimes subordinate clauses are represented by a cascade of explanatory sentences, depending on one word in the main part:

It is not known where she lived (1), who she was (2), why a Roman artist painted her portrait (3) and what she was thinking about in the picture (4).

, (where ...), (who ...), (why ...) and (about what ...).

Parallel

Such complex sentences have subordinate clauses with different meanings belonging to several types

Here are examples of sentences with diagrams:

When our boat sailed from the ship to the shore, we noticed that women and children began to run away from the settlement.

(When what…).

Here two subordinate clauses depend on the main clause: tense and explanatory.

Constructions can create a chain, which can be depicted in the diagram as follows:

In some places, houses were crowded, which in their color were similar to the surrounding rocks, that one had to be closer to distinguish them.

, (which ...), (what ...), (to ...).

Possible and another variant when one sentence is inside another. Sometimes constructions are combined, linking with one subordinate clause within another.

At first, the blacksmith was terribly frightened when the devil raised his devil so high that nothing could be seen below, and rushed under the very moon so that he could catch it with his hat.

, (when…, (what…), and…), (what…).

The proposals use various punctuation marks:

• comma, example: The final remark of the sister-in-law ended already on the street, where she went on her urgent business;
• semicolon: Some time later, everyone in the village was fast asleep; only a month hung high in the luxurious Ukrainian sky;
• colon: It happened like this: at night the tank got stuck in a swamp and drowned;
• dash: Thick hazel bushes will block your path, if you hurt yourself on a prickly thorn bush - stubbornly go forward.

consistent

Simple structures are connected to one another in a chain:

There is a known knot on a tree trunk, on which you put your foot when you want to climb an apple tree.

, (on which ...), (when ...).

Determination procedure

What plan determines the types of communication of sentences in a letter. We offer a step-by-step guide that is suitable for any occasion:

• read the offer carefully;
• highlight all grammatical bases;
• divide the structure into parts and number them;
• find allied words and conjunctions, in their absence, take into account intonation;
• determine the nature of the relationship.

​If available two independent parts, then this is a sentence with a coordinating connection. When one sentence names the reason for what is being discussed in another, then this is a complex sentence with subordination.

Attention! Adventitious constructions can be replaced either by adverbial turnover. Example: In the black sky dotted with myriads of small stars, soundless lightning appeared here and there.

Learning Russian - complex sentences with different types of connection

Types of communication in complex sentences

Conclusion

The types of connection of sentences depend on their classification. They use . The schemes are very diverse, there are many interesting options. Graphic drawing of a proposal allows you to quickly determine construction and sequence of all components, highlight the basics, find the main thing and correctly punctuate.

In written speech, complex sentences with different types of connection are quite often presented: with composition and subordination, composition and non-union; unionlessness and submission, etc. However, as a rule, one of the types of communication (composition, non-union) is the leading one, the main one.

Therefore, when analyzing and arranging punctuation marks, it is recommended to use the following sequence:

1. Highlight the grammatical foundations of sentences, and on this basis - all simple sentences as part of a complex one.
2. Establish means of communication between simple sentences as part of a complex one.
3. Break the complex sentence into pairs of simple ones that are directly related to each other.
4. Build a vertical diagram of a complex sentence, reflecting the system of dependencies of simple sentences as part of a complex one.
5. Based on the vertical scheme, establish a central connection in a complex sentence (composition, non-conjunction).
6. Indicate which simple sentences are directly connected by a central link and which blocks each of these simple sentences forms.
7. Set relationships within each block.
8. Build a horizontal diagram of a complex sentence.
9. Arrange punctuation marks based on the vertical and horizontal schemes of the complex sentence.

Sample parsing

Clairville especially liked the young lady with whom he was imprisoned; she was what a girl from the progressive Petersburg intelligentsia should have been(Aldanov).

There are 4 grammatical bases in this sentence: 1) the young lady liked; 2) planted she was like that; 4) young woman should have been what . Therefore, this complex sentence consists of four simple sentences:

1) ;
2) with which he was placed;
3) she was like that;
4) what should have been a girl from the Petersburg progressive intelligentsia.

Clairville especially liked that young lady / 1 with which he was placed / 2 she was like that / 3 what should have been / 4 .

Sentences 2 and 4 contain subordinating means of communication - allied words with which, what. Sentences 1 and 3 have no coordinating or subordinating means of communication.

a) 1→2: Clairville especially liked that young lady / 1 , with which he was jailed/ 2 is a complex sentence, where sentence 1 is the main one, and sentence 2 is a subordinate clause;

b) 3→4: She was such is / 3 , what should have been a girl from the progressive intelligentsia of St. Petersburg/ 4 is a complex sentence, where sentence 3 is the main one, and sentence 4 is a subordinate clause;

c) 1:3: Clairville especially liked that young lady / 1: she was like that/ 3 - this is an unionless sentence, the relationship is causal, a union can be inserted between the parts because.

[n. + UK. next] 1: [loc.-verb.] 3
def. ↓ ↓skaz.
(with which- union. next) 2 ( which- union. next) 4

Therefore, this is a complex sentence with non-union and submission. On the top line of the vertical diagram are sentences 1 and 3, connected by an allied connection. This means that the central connection is unionless. In other words, this is an allied proposal with submission.

The central connection directly connects sentences 1 and 3. Each of these sentences has subordinate clauses with it. Thus, within a complex sentence with a central non-union connection, two blocks are distinguished: block I consists of sentences 1 and 2; II block - proposals 3 and 4.

Block I (sentences 1 and 2) is a complex sentence, where the first is the main one, the second is a subordinate clause that refers to the subject young woman, expressed by a noun; means of communication - an allied word with which and a demonstrative word that; the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.

Block II (sentences 3 and 4) is a complex sentence, where the third is the main one, the fourth is the subordinate predicate, which refers to the pronoun-predicate such is; means of communication - union word what; the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.

[n. + UK. next] 1 , ( with which- union. sl.) 2: [loc.-narr.] 3, ( which- union. next) 4 .

Clairville especially liked the young lady with whom they put him: she was what a girl from the progressive Petersburg intelligentsia should have been.(Aldanov).

The boy was kind, but only the kalachnik was always told that caution was required with Selivan because he had a red mark on his face, and this is not for nothing(Leskov).

There are 5 grammatical bases in this sentence: 1) the boy was kind; 2) spoke(single-part indefinite personal sentence); 3) caution required; 4) mark was; 5) it is not set.

Therefore, this complex sentence consists of five simple sentences:

1) the boy was kind;
2) ;
3) that with Selivan caution is required;
4) because he had a red mark on his face;
5) this is not a gift.

Therefore, a complex sentence is broken down into simple ones as follows:

The boy was kind / 1 / 2 that with Selivan caution is required / 3 because he had a red mark on his face / 4 and this is not a gift / 5 .

Sentences 3 and 4 contain subordinating means of communication - unions that, because. Sentences 2 and 5 are preceded by coordinating conjunctions but, a. Sentence 1 has no coordinating and subordinating means of communication.

A complex sentence can be divided into the following pairs of simple ones:

a) 1-2: The boy was kind / 1 , but only the kalachnik was always told/ 2 - this is a compound sentence, the means of communication is an adversative union but;

b) 2→3: only the kalachnik was always told / 2 , that caution is required with Selivan / 3- this is a complex sentence, where sentence 2 is the main one, and sentence 3 is a subordinate clause;

c) 3→4: Selivan needs to be careful / 3 , because he had a red mark on his face / 4- this is a complex sentence, where sentence 3 is the main one, and sentence 4 is subordinate;

d) 4-5: he had a red mark on his face / 4 , and this is not a gift/ 5 - this is a compound sentence, the means of communication is the opposite conjunction a;

e) 3→5. Since sentence 4 is subordinate (it includes the union because), then sentence 5 is a subordinate clause with the union omitted, but this union can be restored. Sentence 5 is related to the same principal as sentence 4 ( Selivan needs to be careful / 3 , because it's not for free / 5).

Vertical scheme of a complex sentence:

1 , but[ch.] 2
add. ↓
(what- union) 3
incl. ↓
(because- union. sl.) 4 , a (-) 5

Therefore, this is a complex sentence with composition and submission. On the top line of the vertical diagram are sentences 1 and 2, connected by a coordinating adversative union but. Hence, the central connection is coordinative. In other words, this is a compound sentence with subordination.

The central connection directly connects sentences 1 and 2. Sentence 2 has subordinate clauses with it. Thus, within a complex sentence with a central coordinative connection, two blocks are distinguished: Block I is represented by one simple sentence (sentence 1). Block II (sentences 2, 3, 4, 5) are complex sentences with several subordinate clauses.

Block II (sentences 2, 3, 4 and 5) is a complex sentence, where the second is the main one, the rest are subordinate clauses. The clauses are related to the main one sequentially (sentences 3 and 4; 3 and 5) and uniformly (sentences 4 and 5).

I subordinate (sentence 3) - additional, refers to the predicate they said, expressed by the verb, in the main sentence (sentence 2); means of communication - union what; the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.

II subordinate clause (sentence 4) - reasons; refers to everything important (sentence 3); means of communication - union because; the subordinate clause comes after the main

III subordinate clause (sentence 5) - reasons; refers to everything important (sentence 3); means of communication - union because it is omitted; the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.

II and III subordinate clauses are homogeneous, interconnected by an opposing union a.

Horizontal offer scheme:

1 , but[ch.] 2 , ( what- union) 3 , ( because- union) 4, a (-) 5 .

So, punctuation marks in a sentence should be arranged as follows:

The boy was kind, but only the kalachnik was always told that caution was required with Selivan, because he had a red mark on his face, and this is not for nothing(Leskov).

Note!

As in complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, in complex sentences with different types of connection, two conjunctions (coordinating and subordinating) or a coordinating union and an allied word belonging to different sentences may be nearby. Note that a coordinating conjunction may not be in front of the simple sentence to which it refers!

According to the general rules, two unions (union and allied word) belonging to different simple sentences must be separated by a comma (in this case, the sentence with the second union or allied word can be removed without changing the general structure of the complex sentence).

The sun beat on the window / 1 and , / when he raised his head / 2 to him had to close my eyes / 3 .

Horizontal layout: 1 , and, (when- union) 2, 3.

Vertical layout: 1 , and 3 .
time ↓
(when- union) 2

Wed: The sun beat on the window / 1 and , / when he raised his head / 2 to him had to close my eyes / 3 . - The sun was beating through the window, and he had to close his eyes.

In the case when a sentence with a second union or allied word cannot be removed from the sentence without changing the general structure of the complex sentence, a comma is not placed between the unions or the union and the allied word. In this case, the second part of the double union should follow - then, so, but.

Wed: The sun was beating through the window, and when he raised his head, he had to close his eyes. - The sun beat in the window, and ... then he had to close his eyes.

Plan for parsing a complex sentence with different types of communication

1. Name the type of sentence and the number of simple sentences in the complex.
2. Indicate what types of connection simple sentences are connected as part of a complex one (composition, subordination, non-union).
3. Name the central type of connection. Indicate which offers are directly linked by this link type. Parse this pair as a compound, compound, complex non-union sentence.
4. Indicate the blocks within the complex sentence and give them a description.
5. Parse pairs of directly related sentences (compound, complex, complex non-union sentences).
6. With a complete analysis - give a complete description of simple sentences as part of a complex one.

Sample parsing

Everyone had to tell something fantastic from their lives, and since the ability to tell is not given to everyone, they did not find fault with the stories from the artistic side.(Leskov).

Each should have told something fantastic from your life, / 1 a / since the ability to tell is not given to everyone, / 2 then they didn’t find fault with stories from the artistic side / 3 .

The sentence is complex, consists of three simple ones, with different connections (composition and submission).

The central connection is coordinative, it directly connects sentences 1 and 3: each should have told something fantastic from your life, / 1 but ... then they didn’t find fault with the stories from the artistic side/ 3 . This is a compound sentence, the means of communication is the adversative conjunction a.

A coordinative link connects two blocks.

Block I is represented by sentence 1.

Block II (sentences 2 and 3) is a complex sentence; sentence 3 - main, sentence 2 - subordinate reason; the subordinate clause refers to everything main; means of communication - double union since ... then; the subordinate clause comes before the main clause.

The unions a and since refer to different simple sentences, but are not separated by a comma, since the second part of the double causal union follows, since ... then; the subordinate clause cannot be removed without changing the structure of the complex sentence as a whole.

Horizontal layout: 1 , a (because- p.) 2 , [ then ] 3 .

Vertical layout: 1 and 3 .
incl. ↓
(because... then- union) 2

A sentence is a syntactic unit characterized by semantic and grammatical completeness. One of its main features is the presence of predicative parts. According to the number of grammatical bases, all sentences are simple or complex. Both of them perform their main function in speech - communicative.

Types of complex sentences in Russian

As part of a complex, two or more simple sentences are distinguished, interconnected by conjunctions or only intonation. At the same time, its predicative parts retain their structure, but lose their semantic and intonational completeness. Methods and means of communication determine the types of complex sentences. A table with examples allows you to identify the main differences between them.

Compound sentences

Their predicative parts are independent in relation to each other and equal in meaning. They can be easily divided into simple ones and rearranged. As a means of communication, coordinating unions are used, which are divided into three groups. On their basis, the following types of complex sentences with a coordinating connection are distinguished.

1. With connecting unions: AND, ALSO, YES (= AND), ALSO, NOR ... NOR, NOT ONLY ... BUT AND, HOW ... SO AND, YES AND. In this case, parts of compound unions will be located in different simple sentences.

The whole city was already asleep, I too went home. Soon Anton Not only read all the books in the home library, but also turned to his comrades.

A feature of compound sentences is that the events described in different predicative parts can occur simultaneously ( And thunder rumbled, and the sun broke through the clouds), sequentially ( The train rumbled and a dump truck followed him) or one follows from the other ( It's already quite dark and had to disperse).

1. With opposing unions: BUT, A, HOWEVER, YES (= BUT), ZATO, SAME. These types of complex sentences are characterized by the establishment of opposition relations ( Grandpa seemed to understand everything. but Grigory had to convince him of the need for a trip for a long time.) or matching ( Some fussed in the kitchen a others began to clean the garden) between its parts.
2. With dividing unions: EITHER, OR, NOT THAT ... NOT THAT, THAT ... THAT, OR ... OR. The first two unions can be single or repetitive. It was time to get to work, or he was going to be fired. Possible relationships between parts: mutual exclusion ( Whether Pal Palych really had a headache, either he just got bored), alternation ( Her whole day then covered melancholy, then suddenly approached an inexplicable fit of fun).

Considering the types of complex sentences with a coordinating connection, it should be noted that the connecting unions ALSO, ALSO and the adversative SAME are always located after the first word of the second part.

The main types of complex sentences with a subordinate relationship

The presence of the main and dependent (subordinate) parts is their main quality. The means of communication are subordinating conjunctions or allied words: adverbs and relative pronouns. The main difficulty in distinguishing between them is that some of them are homonymous. In such cases, a hint will help: the allied word, unlike the union, is always a member of the sentence. Here are examples of such homoforms. I knew exactly what(union word, you can ask a question) I should look for. Tanya completely forgot what(union) the meeting was scheduled for the morning.

Another feature of NGN is the location of its predicative parts. The place of the adnexa is not clearly defined. It can stand before, after or in the middle of the main part.

Types of clauses in NGN

Traditionally, it is customary to correlate dependent parts with members of a sentence. Based on this, three main groups are distinguished into which such complex sentences are divided. Examples are presented in the table.

Type of adnexa		Question	Means of communication	Example
Determinants			Which, which, whose, when, what, where, etc.	There was a house by the mountain, a roof whom already lost some weight.
Explanatory		Case	What (s. and s.s.l.), how (s. and s.s.l.), so that, as if, as it were, either ... or who, like others.	Michael did not understand how solve the problem of.
circumstantial		When? How long?	When, while, how, barely, while, since, etc.	The boy waited until then bye the sun hasn't set at all.
		Where? Where? Where?	Where, where, from where	Izmestiev put the papers there, where no one could find them.
		Why? From what?	Because, since, because, due to the fact that etc.	The cab driver stopped for the horses suddenly snorted.
	Consequences	What follows from this?		It cleared up in the morning so the squad moved on.
		Under what condition?	If, when (= if), if, once, in case	If a the daughter did not call for a week, the mother involuntarily began to worry.
		What for? For what purpose?	In order to, in order to, so that, in order to	Frolov was ready for anything to get this place.
		Despite what? Against what?	Although, despite the fact that, let, for nothing, whoever, etc.	The evening was generally a success. although and there were minor flaws in its organization.
	Comparisons	How? Like what?	As, as, exactly, as if, as, as, as, as, as, as,	Snowflakes flew down in large, frequent flakes, as if someone poured them out of a bag.
	Measures and degrees	To what extent?	What, to, how, as if, as if, how much, how much	There was such silence what it became somehow uncomfortable.
	Connecting		what (in indirect case), why, why, why = pronoun this	There was no car from what anxiety only increased.

NGN with multiple clauses

Sometimes a complex sentence may contain two or more dependent parts that relate to each other in different ways.

Depending on this, the following ways of linking simple to complex sentences are distinguished (examples help to build a diagram of the structures described).

1. With consistent submission. The next subordinate part depends directly on the previous one. It seemed to me, what this day will never end because more and more problems.
2. With parallel homogeneous subordination. Both (all) subordinate clauses depend on one word (the whole part) and belong to the same species. This construction resembles a sentence with homogeneous members. There can be coordinating conjunctions between subordinate clauses. It soon became clear what it was all just a bluff and what no major decisions were made.
3. With parallel heterogeneous subordination. Dependents are of different types and refer to different words (of the whole part). Garden, which the sown in May, already gave the first harvest, because life became easier.

Associative compound sentence

The main difference is that the parts are connected only in meaning and intonation. Therefore, the relationship between them comes to the fore. It is they who influence the punctuation marks: commas, dashes, colons, semicolons.

Types of non-union complex sentences

1. The parts are equal, the order of their arrangement is free. Tall trees grew to the left of the road , to the right stretched a shallow ravine.
2. The parts are unequal, the second:

• reveals the contents of the 1st ( These sounds caused anxiety: (= namely) in the corner someone rustled insistently);
• complements the 1st ( I peered into the distance: there appeared someone's figure);
• indicates the reason Sveta laughed: (= since) the neighbor's face was smeared with mud).

3. Contrasting relationships between parts. This is manifested in the fact that:

• the first indicates a time or condition ( I'm five minutes late - no one else);
• into the second unexpected result ( Fedor just got overclocked - the opponent immediately remained in the tail); opposition ( The pain becomes unbearable - you endure); comparison ( Will look frowningly - Elena will immediately burn with fire).

JV with different types of communication

Often there are constructions that have three or more predicative parts in their composition. Accordingly, between them there can be coordinating and subordinating unions, allied words, or only punctuation marks (intonation and semantic relations). These are complex sentences (examples are widely presented in fiction) with various types of communication. Michael has long wanted to change his life, but something constantly stopped him; as a result, the routine dragged him more and more every day.

The scheme will help to summarize information on the topic “Types of complex sentences”:

A1. Orthoepy.

A2, A11, A30.

Vocabulary. Antonyms. Synonyms. Paronyms. Contextual antonyms and synonyms.

A3, A5.

Ability to find grammatical errors.

formation of word forms:

declension of nouns

declension of nouns

formation of comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives

A6, A7. Work with text.

A10.

noun

adjective

numeral

participle A20, A26

gerund A4, A20

pronoun

A8. The grammatical basis of the sentence.

A9. Complex sentences: compound, complex, non-union.

A12. H and HH in words.

A13. An unstressed vowel in the root: stressed and unstressed.

Alternating vowels at the root of the word: lag-lodge, rast-rasch-ros, kos-kas, gor-gar, zor-zar, clone-clan, creature-creation, pazd-late, rovn-rav, mak-mok, skak- scotch, ber-beer, der-dir, ter-tir, steal-steel, per-feast, mer-world, burn-zhig, glitter-blist, even-chit. Exception words: canopy, sprout, branch, couple, combine, combination, level (in ranks), catch up (with someone), plain, equally.

A14. Spelling: prefixes PRE and PRI, vowels and consonants in prefixes, dividing signs b and b, prefixes on Z and C, spelling I-Y after the prefix on a consonant.

A15. Spelling E-I in the endings of verbs and participle suffixes.

A16. Spelling E, I, I in word suffixes.

A17. NOT with different parts of speech.

A18. Continuous and separate spelling of prepositions, conjunctions, particles.

A19. Union And with homogeneous members of the sentence and in a compound sentence.

A20. Commas with participial and participle turnovers.

A21. Commas at introductory words.

A22. Commas with homogeneous members of the sentence.

A23. A colon in a non-union complex sentence, in a simple one with a generalizing word with homogeneous members of the sentence.

A24. A comma in a complex sentence with the allied word WHICH.

A25. complex syntactic construction.

A26. The ability to form participial turnover.

A27, A28. The ability to find the main information of the text.

A29. Types and styles of speech.

IN 1. Ways of word formation.

IN 2. Independent and service parts of speech: short participle, active and passive participles, non-derivative and derivative prepositions, particles, coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, comparative adjective, superlative adjective, adverbs, comparative and superlative adverbs, numerals, short adjectives, pronouns.

AT 3. Types of subordination in phrases: coordination, control, adjoining.

AT 4. One-part sentences: definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal, nominal. Sentences in which the subject and predicate are expressed in one part of speech.

AT 5. Separated and non-isolated members of the sentence: isolated common definition, isolated common agreed definition, non-separated common definition, non-separated agreed common definition, isolated circumstance, isolated homogeneous circumstances, isolated clarifying circumstance, isolated application, introductory words, isolated addition.

AT 6. Types of subordinate clauses in complex sentences: definitive, pronominal-defining, explanatory, circumstantial: mode of action and degree, place, time, conditions, concessions, causes, goals, comparisons, consequences.

Subordination of subordinate clauses: homogeneous, sequential, parallel homogeneous (subordinate clauses answer the same question, which is posed from one member of the sentence), parallel heterogeneous (subordinate clauses answer different questions that are posed by different members of the sentence).

A complex non-union proposal.

A complex sentence with a coordinating and subordinating relationship between parts.

Complex sentences with different types of connection - these are complex sentences that consist of at least three simple sentences interconnected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection.

To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together.

Often complex sentences with different types of connection split into two or more parts (blocks), connected with the help of coordinating unions or union-free; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one. For example:

1) {Sad me): [friend with me No], (With long would drink I'm parting), (to whom I could shake hand from the heart and wish many merry years) (A. Pushkin).

: [n.], (with whom), (to whom).

This is: unionless and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks), connected unionlessly; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses, with homogeneous subordination.

2) [lane was the whole in the gardens], and [at the fences lindens grew throwing now, by the moon, a wide shadow], (so that fences and gates completely on the same side drowned in the dark) (A. Chekhov).

[ 1. and, (p. so).

it complex sentence with different types of connection: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating connecting union and, relations between parts are enumerative; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II - a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on everything main, joins it with a union so.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of connection

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine (by grammatical foundations) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries.

4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (union-free or coordinative).

5. Give a description of each part (block) in terms of structure (simple or complex sentence).

6. Draw up a proposal scheme.

An example of parsing a complex sentence with different types of communication

[Suddenly piled on thick fog], [as if by a wall separated he_ me from the rest of the world], and, (to don't get lost), [I decided to return on the path] which, in my opinion, should have been left and behind) (V. Arseniev).

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, with different types of connection: non-union, coordinating and subordinating, consists of three parts, connected non-unionly (parts I and II) and a coordinating connecting union and(II and III parts); Part I is a simple sentence, Part II is a simple sentence, Part III is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses (goal and attributive) with parallel subordination. The clause of purpose depends on the whole main clause, answers the question for what purpose?, joins union to. The relative attributive depends on the noun path, answers the question what?, joins with an allied word which.