Test on the topic "Crimean War"
1. Select the date of the reign of Nicholas I:
a) 1801-1825;
b) 1825-1855;
c) 1762-1796.
2. Indicate the years when the Crimean War took place:
a) 1853-1855;
b) 1855-1856;
c) 1853-1856
3. In Europe, the Crimean War was called:
a) North
b) Eastern;
c) Western.
4. On the side of Turkey were:
a) England
b) Prussia;
c) France.
5. When did the Sinop battle take place?
a) November 18, 1853;
b) October 18, 1853;
c) November 8, 1853
6. Who commanded the Russian squadron in the battle of Sinop?
a) V.I. Istomin;
b) V.A. Kornilov;
c) P.S. Nakhimov. 7. Who led the defense of Sevastopol?
a) V.A. Kornilov and P.S. Nakhimov; b) A.S. Menshikov and I.D. Gorchakov; c) E.I. Totleben and S.A. Khrulev.
8. How many months did the defense of Sevastopol last?
a) 10;
b) 11;
at 12.
9. What was the name of the first sister of mercy in the Russian army?
a) Dasha Krymskaya;
b) Masha of Sevastopol;
c) Dasha Sevastopolskaya.
10. The fall of Sevastopol predetermined the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War. When is that
happened?
a) 1853;
b) 1854;
c) 1855
11. What is the fate of the Black Sea squadron of the Russian fleet in the Crimean War?
a) was defeated by the Turkish fleet in the Sinop Bay;
b) took refuge in the ports of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus; c) was flooded at the entrance to the Sevastopol Bay. 12. Which of the great Russian doctors participated in the defense of Sevastopol?
a) S.I. Botkin;
b) N.I. Pirogov;
c) N.V. Sklifosovsky.
13. What was the name of the hero - a sailor of the Sevastopol defense, whose exploits were described in his Sevastopol stories by L.N. Tolstoy?
a) Petr Koshka;
b) Ivan Gavrilov;
c) Semyon Shein.
14. Set the sequence of events:
a) Surrender of Sevastopol;
b) Sinop battle;
c) Death of Kornilov.
Answer:(b, c, a)
15. What name falls out of the general logical series:
a) Kornilov;
b) Nakhimov;
c) Ermolov. 16. What were the terms of the Paris Peace Treaty?
a) Russia paid the winning countries an indemnity in the amount of 50 million rubles;
b) Russia was forbidden to have a merchant and fishing fleet on the Black Sea;
c) The Black Sea was declared neutral. 17. The crisis of the Nikolaev system manifested itself in:
a) the collapse of the financial system; b) the backwardness of military equipment; c) the profitability of agriculture.
18. Nicholas I understood that the main reason hindering the development of the country was:
a) mediocrity of officials; b) serfdom; c) imperfection of the administrative apparatus.
19. Who is depicted in the portraits?
a)
b)
in)
G)
Test key:
1-b
2-in
3-b
4-a
5-a
6-in
7-a
8-b
9-in
10-in
11-in
12-b
13-a
14-b in a
15-in
16-in
17-b
18-b
19- a) Nicholas I, b) V.A. Kornilov, c) P.S. Nakhimov, d) P.M. Cat
Preview:
Option 1
1 . Select the date of the reign of Nicholas I:
a) 1801-1825; b) 1825-1855; c) 1762-1796.
2. Indicate the years when the Crimean War took place:
a) 1853-1855; b) 1855-1856; c) 1853-1856
3 . In Europe, the Crimean War was called:
a) North b) Eastern; c) Western.
4. On the side of Turkey were:
a) England b) Prussia; c) France.
5. When did the Battle of Sinop take place?
6 . Who commanded the Russian squadron in the battle of Sinop?
a) V.I. Istomin; b) V.A. Kornilov; c) P.S. Nakhimov.
7. Who led the defense of Sevastopol?
a) V.A. Kornilov and P.S. Nakhimov; b) A.S. Menshikov and I.D. Gorchakov; c) E.I. Totleben and S.A. Khrulev.
8. How many months did the defense of Sevastopol last?
a) 10; b) 11; at 12.
9. Which name falls out of the general logical series:
a) Kornilov; b) Nakhimov; c) Ermolov.
11 Set match:
1) conservative A) K.D. Kavelin
2) Slavophil B) N.P. Ogarev
3) Westerner C) N.I. Greek
4) revolutionary D) Yu.F Samarin
A) S.S. Uvarov B) A.I. Koshelev V) I.S. Aksakov
D) A.I. Herzen D) B.N. Chicherin E) V.G. Belinsky
13 Which of the representatives of Russian public thought critically assessed the activities of Peter I?
A) conservatives B) westerners
14 Members of which circle gathered for "literary Fridays"?
A) "Literary society number 11"
B) Circle of Petrashevists
B) Stankevich's circle
D) Circle of brothers of Crete
15. Indicate the name of the Russian ideologist who believed that "the cell of socialism in Russia should be the peasant land community":
A) V.G. Belinsky B) A.S. Khomyakov
C) S.S. Uvarov D) A.I. Herzen
C) S.S. Uvarov D) F.M. Dostoevsky
17. The Slavophiles allowed the preservation of autocracy in Russia, but the people had the right to express their opinion through a representative body. Write the name of this body.
Answer:_____________________________
18. The reason for the beginning of the Crimean War was:
A) the defeat of the Turkish fleet in the Sinop Bay B) Turkish intervention in the affairs of the Danube principalities
C) a religious dispute over the shrine of Christianity D) the introduction of Turkish troops into Transcaucasia
19 The Crimean War began in:
A) 1852 B) 1853 C) 1854 D) 1855
20. The Russian fleet in the battle of Sinop was commanded by:
C) P.S. Nakhimov D) Nicholas I
A) the beginning of the defense of Sevastopol
B) Parisian world
B) Battle of the Alma
D) Turkey's declaration of war against Russia
A) Nicholas I B) V.I. Istomin V) E.I. Totleben
D) V.P. Botkin D) A.S. Menshikov E) P.S. Nakhimov
23. Under the terms of the Paris Peace Treaty:
A) Russia patronized the Danube principalities
B) Russia lost Sevastopol
C) the Black Sea was declared neutral
D) Russia received the right to have a fleet on the Black Sea
Test on the topic "Crimean War"
Option 2
1 . What was the name of the first sister of mercy in the Russian army?
a) Dasha Krymskaya; b) Masha of Sevastopol; c) Dasha Sevastopolskaya.
2 . The fall of Sevastopol predetermined the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War. When did it happen?
a) 1853; b) 1854; c) 1855
3 . What is the fate of the Black Sea squadron of the Russian fleet in the Crimean War?
a) was defeated by the Turkish fleet in the Sinop Bay;
b) took refuge in the ports of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus;
c) was flooded at the entrance to the Sevastopol Bay.
4 . Which of the great Russian doctors participated in the defense of Sevastopol?
a) S.I. Botkin; b) N.I. Pirogov; c) N.V. Sklifosovsky.
5 . What was the name of the hero - a sailor of the Sevastopol defense, whose exploits were described in his Sevastopol stories by L.N. Tolstoy?
a) Petr Koshka; b) Ivan Gavrilov; c) Semyon Shein.
6. Set the sequence of events:
a) Surrender of Sevastopol; b) Sinop battle; c) Death of Kornilov.
7 What were the terms of the Paris Peace Treaty?
a) Russia paid the winning countries an indemnity in the amount of 50 million rubles;
b) Russia was forbidden to have a merchant and fishing fleet on the Black Sea;
c) The Black Sea was declared neutral.
8 . The crisis of the Nikolaev system manifested itself in:
a) the collapse of the financial system; b) the backwardness of military equipment; c) the profitability of agriculture.
9 . Nicholas I understood that the main reason hindering the development of the country was:
a) mediocrity of officials; b) serfdom; c) imperfection of the administrative apparatus
A) A.I. Herzen B) M.P. Pogodin
C) S.S. Uvarov D) V.G. Belinsky
11. Set match:
1) conservative A) A.I. Koshelev
2) Slavophil B) T.N. Granovsky
3) Westerner C) V.G. Belinsky
4) revolutionary D) M.P. Pogodin
12. Representatives of the liberal direction of the social movement included:
A) N.I. Grech B) I.S. Kireevsky V) S.M. Solovyov
D) A.S. Khomyakov D) F.M. Dostoevsky E) N.P. Ogarev
13. Which of the representatives of Russian social thought defended the idea of the unity of the historical path of Russia and Western Europe?
A) conservatives B) westerners
C) Slavophiles D) revolutionaries
14. The organizer of the circle "Literary society number 11":
A) A.I. Herzen B) M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky
C) S.S. Uvarov D) V.G. Belinsky
15. What newspaper did A.I. Herzen:
A) "Telescope" B) "Bell"
C) "Contemporary" D) "Domestic Notes"
A) P.Ya. Chaadaev B) A.I. Herzen
C) V.G. Belinsky G) F.M. Dostoevsky
17 Write the missing word.
The theory of official nationality: "..., autocracy, nationality."
Answer: ___________________________
18. The Crimean War ended in:
A) 1855 B) 1856 C) 1857 D) 1858
19. Commander-in-Chief of the Russian troops in the battle on the Alma River:
A) A.S. Menshikov B) V.I. Istomin
C) P.S. Nakhimov D) Nicholas I
20. Arrange the events in chronological order:
A) Battle of the Alma
B) Entry into the war of England and France
C) The entry of allied troops into Sevastopol (the end of the siege of Sevastopol)
D) Sinop battle
21. Select participants in the defense of Sevastopol:
A) N.I. Pirogov B) A.S. Menshikov C) P. Cat
D) V.A. Kornilov D) Nicholas I E) I.F. Paskevich
22. Sevastopol was returned to Russia in exchange for a Turkish fortress:
A) Erzurum B) Ardagan C) Kars D) Istanbul
23 . Under the terms of the Paris Peace Treaty:
A) Russia received fortresses in Transcaucasia
B) Russia received the right to have a fleet in the Caspian Sea
C) Russia received the right to have a fleet on the Black Sea
D) Russia was deprived of the right to have the Black Sea Fleet
Test key:
Option 1
1-b
2-in
3-b
4-a
5-a
6-in
7-a
8-b
9-in
10 - B
11:1B, 2D, 3A, 4B
12 - BVD
13 - B
14 - B
15– G
16 - A
17- Zemsky Cathedral
18 - B
19– B
20 - B
21– GVAB
22-B
23 - B
Option 2
1-in
2-in
3-in
4-b
5-a
6-b c a
7-in
8-b
9-b
10 - A
11: 1G, 2A, 3B, 4C
12 - BVG
13 - B
14th
15-B
16-A
17Orthodoxy
18-B
19-A
20-GBAV
22-B
Test on the topic "Crimean War of 1853-1856"
1. The reason for the Crimean War was
a) the decline of the power of the Ottoman Empire
b) aggravation of the Eastern question
c) Russia's desire to reach the shores of the Black Sea
d) Russia's desire to expand its influence in Asia
2. The reason for the start of the war was
a) accession to Russia of Central Asia
b) strengthening the influence of Russia in the Balkan region
c) The dispute over the right to control Christian shrines in Palestine between the Orthodox and Catholic churches
d) Russian interference in the internal affairs of Turkey
3. Turkey's ally during the Crimean War was
a) Germany
b) England
c) Italy
d) Prussia
4. On the Caucasian front, Russian troops managed to inflict a number of defeats on the Turkish army and capture
a) Kars
b) Kabarda
c) Sukhum
d) Batum
5. The defense of Sevastopol lasted
a) 8 months
b) 14 months
c) 11 months
d) 6 months
6. Further defense of Sevastopol became impossible after the capture
a) Sevastopol Bay
b) Small land
c) Mamaev Kurgan
d) Malakhov Kurgan
7. The total losses among the defenders of Sevastopol amounted to
a) 1300 people
b) 1000 people
c) 1100 people
d) 1400 people
8. Establish a correspondence between the warring countries and their goals in the war
9. Establish a correspondence between the name of a historical figure and his activities
For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write it down in the table with the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
10. Match Date to Event
For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write it down in the table with the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
11. Establish a correspondence between the section of the border strip of Russia and the ratio of its military strength
The ratio of military power | |
A) the coast of the Baltic Sea (Finland, St. Petersburg and Ostsee provinces) B) the shores of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov and the Black Sea C) the space along the Danube and the Black Sea to the Bug River D) Caucasian and Transcaucasian region E) Crimea and the Black Sea coast from the Bug to Perekop E) the Kingdom of Poland and the western provinces G) the shores of the White Sea | 1) 27 battalions, 19 squadrons and hundreds, 48 guns 2) 146 battalions, 100 squadrons and hundreds, with 308 guns 3) 152 battalions, 281 hundreds and a squadron, 289 guns (⅓ of these troops were on the Turkish border, the rest were inside the region, against hostile highlanders) 4) 179 battalions, 144 squadrons and hundreds, with 384 guns 5) 182 battalions, 285 squadrons and hundreds, with 612 guns 6) 31½ battalion, 140 hundreds and squadrons, 54 guns 7) 2½ battalions |
For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write it down in the table with the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
12. Arrange events in chronological order
A) England and France declared war on Russia
b) The Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia
B) Parisian peace
D) the fall of Sevastopol
D) the defeat of Shamil
E) Sinop battle
13. Name the provisions that are the reasons for the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War
1) betrayal of allies
2) Russia's lack of allies in the war
3) political isolation of Russia
4) small army
5) military-technical backwardness of Russia
6) mediocrity of the military command
Answer: _________________
14. What are the provisions that are the conditions of the Paris Peace Treaty
1) loss of Sevastopol by Russia
2) Russia was deprived of the right to keep the navy on the Black Sea
3) the right of free passage through the Bosporus and Dardanelles was obtained
4) closing the straits of the Black Sea for all countries
5) the return of the Ottoman Empire, everything captured in southern Bessarabia, at the mouth of the Danube River and in the Caucasus
6) Russia received new territories in Transcaucasia
Answer: _________________
15. Name the provisions reflecting the places of hostilities of the Crimean War
1) Caucasus
2) Baltic
3) Crimea
4) Danubian Principalities
5) Ural
6) Kamchatka
7) Far East
8) Caspian Sea
Answer: _________________
ANSWERS:
1. b
2. in
3. b
4. a
5. in
6 g
7. a
The wars of the Russian and Ottoman empires were a common occurrence in the international politics of the 18th-19th centuries. In 1853, the Russian Empire of Nicholas 1 entered another war, which went down in history as the Crimean War of 1853-1856, and ended with the defeat of Russia. In addition, this war showed the strong resistance of the leading countries of Western Europe (France and Great Britain) to the strengthening of the role of Russia in Eastern Europe, in particular in the Balkans. The lost war also showed Russia itself problems in domestic politics, which led to many problems. Despite victories at the initial stage of 1853-1854, as well as the capture of the key Turkish fortress of Kars in 1855, Russia lost the most important battles on the territory of the Crimean peninsula. This article describes the causes, course, main results and historical significance in a short story about the Crimean War of 1853-1856. Causes of the aggravation of the Eastern questionUnder the eastern question, historians understand a number of controversial issues in Russian-Turkish relations, which at any moment could lead to conflict. The main problems of the Eastern question, which became the main one for the future war, are as follows:
An additional factor that intensified the conflict was the desire of the countries of Western Europe (Britain, France, and Austria) not to let Russia into the Balkans, and also to close its access to the straits. For the sake of this, the countries were ready to support Turkey in a potential war with Russia. The reason for the war and its beginningThese troubled moments brewed throughout the late 1840s and early 1850s. In 1853, the Turkish Sultan transferred the Bethlehem Temple of Jerusalem (then the territory of the Ottoman Empire) to the control of the Catholic Church. This caused a wave of indignation of the highest Orthodox hierarchy. Nicholas 1 decided to take advantage of this, using the religious conflict as a pretext for attacking Turkey. Russia demanded that the temple be handed over to the Orthodox Church, and at the same time also open the straits for the Black Sea Fleet. Turkey refused. In June 1853, Russian troops crossed the border of the Ottoman Empire and entered the territory of the Danubian principalities dependent on it. Nicholas 1 hoped that France was too weak after the revolution of 1848, and that Britain could be appeased by transferring Cyprus and Egypt to it in the future. However, the plan did not work, European countries called the Ottoman Empire to action, promising her financial and military assistance. In October 1853, Turkey declared war on Russia. Thus began, to put it briefly, the Crimean War of 1853-1856. In the history of Western Europe, this war is called Eastern. The course of the war and the main stagesThe Crimean War can be divided into 2 stages according to the number of participants in the events of those years. Here are the steps:
As for specific battles, the following key battles can be distinguished: for Sinop, for Odessa, for the Danube, for the Caucasus, for Sevastopol. There were other battles, but those listed above are the main ones. Let's consider them in more detail. Battle of Sinop (November 1853)The battle took place in the harbor of the city of Sinop in the Crimea. The Russian fleet under the command of Nakhimov completely defeated the Turkish fleet of Osman Pasha. This battle was perhaps the last major world battle on sailing ships. This victory significantly raised the morale of the Russian army and gave hope for an early victory in the war. Map of the Sinopo naval battle November 18, 1853Bombing of Odessa (April 1854)In early April 1854, the Ottoman Empire launched a squadron of the Franco-British fleet through its straits, which swiftly headed for Russian port and shipbuilding cities: Odessa, Ochakov and Nikolaev. On April 10, 1854, the bombardment of Odessa, the main southern port of the Russian Empire, began. After a rapid and intense bombardment, it was planned to land troops in the northern Black Sea region, which would force the withdrawal of troops from the Danube principalities, as well as weaken the defense of the Crimea. However, the city withstood several days of shelling. Moreover, the defenders of Odessa were able to deliver accurate strikes against the Allied fleet. The plan of the Anglo-French troops failed. The allies were forced to retreat towards the Crimea and begin battles for the peninsula. Fights on the Danube (1853-1856)It was with the entry of Russian troops into this region that the Crimean War of 1853-1856 began. After the success in the Battle of Sinop, another success awaited Russia: the troops completely crossed to the right bank of the Danube, an attack was opened on Silistria and further on Bucharest. However, the entry into the war of England and France complicated the offensive of Russia. On June 9, 1854, the siege of Silistria was lifted and the Russian troops returned to the left bank of the Danube. By the way, on this front, Austria also entered the war against Russia, which was worried about the rapid advance of the Romanov Empire into Wallachia and Moldavia. In July 1854, near the city of Varna (modern Bulgaria), a huge landing of the British and French armies landed (according to various sources, from 30 to 50 thousand). The troops were supposed to enter the territory of Bessarabia, ousting Russia from this region. However, a cholera epidemic broke out in the French army, and the British public demanded that the leadership of the army first strike at the Black Sea fleet in the Crimea. Fights in the Caucasus (1853-1856)An important battle took place in July 1854 near the village of Kyuruk-Dara (Western Armenia). The combined Turkish-British forces were defeated. At this stage, the Crimean War was still successful for Russia. Another important battle in this region took place in June-November 1855. Russian troops decided to attack the eastern part of the Ottoman Empire, the fortress of Karsu, so that the allies would send part of the troops to this region, thereby slightly easing the siege of Sevastopol. Russia won the battle of Kars, but this happened after the news of the fall of Sevastopol, so this battle had little effect on the outcome of the war. Moreover, according to the results of the "peace" signed later, the fortress of Kars returned to the Ottoman Empire. However, as the peace talks showed, the capture of Kars still played a role. But more on that later. Defense of Sevastopol (1854-1855)The most heroic and tragic event of the Crimean War is, of course, the battle for Sevastopol. In September 1855, Franco-British troops captured the last point of the city's defense - Malakhov Kurgan. The city survived 11 months of siege, however, as a result, it was surrendered to the allied forces (among which the Sardinian kingdom appeared). This defeat became a key one and served as an impetus for the end of the war. From the end of 1855, intensified negotiations began, in which Russia had practically no strong arguments. It was clear that the war was lost. Other battles in the Crimea (1854-1856)In addition to the siege of Sevastopol on the territory of Crimea in 1854-1855, several more battles took place, which were aimed at "unblocking" Sevastopol:
All these battles ended in unsuccessful attempts to lift the siege of Sevastopol. "Distant" battlesThe main fighting of the war took place near the Crimean peninsula, which gave the name to the war. There were also battles in the Caucasus, on the territory of modern Moldova, as well as in the Balkans. However, not many people know that battles between rivals also took place in remote regions of the Russian Empire. Here are some examples:
Results and historical significance of the warIn February 1855, Nicholas 1 died. The task of the new emperor, Alexander 2, was to end the war, and with minimal damage to Russia. In February 1856, the Paris Congress began its work. Russia was represented by Alexei Orlov and Philip Brunnov. Since neither side saw the point in continuing the war, on March 6, 1856, the Treaty of Paris was signed, as a result of which the Crimean War was completed. The main terms of the Treaty of Paris 6 were as follows:
As for losses, the number of Russian citizens who died in the war is 47.5 thousand people. Britain lost 2.8 thousand, France - 10.2, the Ottoman Empire - more than 10 thousand. The Sardinian kingdom lost 12 thousand soldiers. Austrian casualties are unknown, possibly because Austria was not officially at war with Russia. In general, the war showed the backwardness of Russia, compared with the states of Europe, especially in terms of the economy (the completion of the industrial revolution, the construction of railways, the use of steamships). After this defeat, the reforms of Alexander 2 began. In addition, a desire for revenge was brewing in Russia for a long time, which resulted in another war with Turkey in 1877-1878. But this is a completely different story, and the Crimean War of 1853-1856 was completed and Russia was defeated in it. 8th grade
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