Manor Valuevo (Russia) - description, history, location. Exact address, phone number, website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.

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Moscow nobles of the imperial era did not skimp on country estates: around the golden-domed there were many luxurious estates and summer residences. Only a few dozen have survived to this day - some burned down in the fire of the revolution, others were looted, dilapidated or changed beyond recognition in the process of nationalization. This fate bypassed the Valuevo Manor, and today its appearance surprisingly exactly matches the images of the pre-revolutionary years. It was built in the classicism style by an unknown architect and impresses with its harmony, eye-pleasing symmetry and integrity of the ensemble. The estate is located on the banks of the Likova River, to which a gentle descent of the backyard park leads, and around the master's house there are outbuildings and auxiliary buildings: Valuevo is a rare example of a solid, rich, well-preserved noble nest.

A bit of history

The first known owner of this estate was deacon Grigory Valuev, after whom the estate was named in the early 17th century. For a whole century, Valuevo remained nothing more than an allotment of land, and the first manor buildings appeared there only in 1759, when the estate was acquired by Marshal D. A. Shepelev. However, the architectural ensemble, which has survived to our time, was erected under the next owner - Count AI Musin-Pushkin - at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. The estate changed several more owners before it was nationalized with the advent of Soviet power in 1920 and converted into a holiday home.

What to watch

An access alley leads to the front gate of the estate, from which a panoramic view of the house, outbuildings and the front yard opens. The carved gates are decorated with two sculptures of galloping deer - this motif is not found in any other estate near Moscow. Strict, stately master's house on two floors is located in the center of the architectural ensemble, in front of it - a small fountain and marble guard lions. Outbuildings are symmetrically located on the sides of the house, connected to it by open colonnades. At the end of the 18th century, they served as a kitchen and fortress theater. The buildings of the horse and cattle yards, the writing office and the manager's house, decorated with light mezzanines, have also been preserved.

The interior decoration of the mansion has been preserved only partially: marble fireplaces, stucco and some sculptures remained intact. Behind the house there is a manor park with three ponds, in the depths of which there is a beautiful hunting lodge. Currently, there is a clinical sanatorium and a complex for holding ceremonial events on the estate.

Practical Information

Address: Moscow region, Valuevo village. Coordinates: 55.5712, 37.3685.

How to get there: by private transport - 7 km from MKAD along Kievskoye highway to the Moskovsky / Valuevo interchange, then 4.5 km along Atlasova street and Valuevskoye highway to the gates of the estate. By public transport - from the metro station "Salaryevo" by bus number 420 to the stop "Valuevo".

Entrance to the estate - 100 RUB, if you are not a patient of the sanatorium. Prices on the page are for October 2018.

The name of the Valuevo estate is associated with the ancient Valuev family, who owned it from the 14th to the 17th centuries. The founder of the family - Timofey Vasilyevich Okatievich, governor Dmitry Donskoy - inherited the estate from his father, and the name of the estate and the family was "given" by the grandfather of Timofey Vasilyevich Okatiy Valuy.

Interestingly, until 1861, Valuevo, according to documents, was called Nastasino, and it included the villages of Valuevo, Akatovo, Meshkovo near the Likova River.

18th–19th centuries: heyday

In 1719, the estate was bought by an associate of Peter I, Count Peter Alekseevich Tolstoy, who laid the foundation for the glorious Tolstoy dynasty. Under him, a regular park was organized in the estate, designed in accordance with the canons of that time. In 1742, the estate passed to the Shepelevs, and in 1768 Maria Rodionovna Kosheleva became the new owner, from whom the estate passed to her niece Ekaterina Alekseevna Musina-Pushkina. Her husband - Count Alexei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin - developed an active work on the transformation of the estate, under him the main architectural ensemble was created, pleasing to the eye even today.

Since 1856, the estate was owned by Prince Vladimir Borisovich Chetvertinsky, and since 1863 by the merchant Dmitry Semenovich Lepeshkin. Under Lepeshkin, some buildings were rebuilt in Valuevo, and a clinic was organized that worked for several decades.

From the XX century to the XXI century

In 1918, the estate was nationalized, and a sanatorium and a recreation center were founded on its basis. In the early 1960s, the estate underwent extensive restoration work. From 1960 to this day, the Valuevo sanatorium has been operating here, and a significant part of the estate is open to the public.

The guests at the estate were Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin and Evgeny Abramovich Boratynsky. The poets came at the invitation of a close friend - Count Vladimir Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin.

The estate attracted great attention from cinematographers: episodes for more than two dozen films were filmed on its territory, including War and Peace, Mikhailo Lomonosov, Snowstorm, Dubrovsky, Hussar Ballad, My Affectionate and gentle beast”, “Timur and his team” and others.

The old manor Valuevo, despite its age, continues to live and give vivid emotions to its visitors.

Valuevo

A fairly typical story of the life and death of a noble estate is the pearl of New Moscow - Valuevo. The village itself, as well as the two adjacent villages Akatovo and Meshkovo, once belonged to the governor Timofey Vasilievich Okatievich, who died on the Kulikovo field. During the life of the governor, apparently, he was not distinguished by quickness, for which he earned the nickname Valuy, that is, "lazy". This nickname firmly stuck to his entire family, and the Okatevichi became the Valuevs.

In 1671, the patrimonial patrimony of the Valuevs went to the princes Meshchersky, who became related with them. In 1719, the Meshcherskys themselves sold it to one of Peter's close associates, P.A. Tolstoy, who received the post of head of the Secret Chancellery for his active participation in the trial of Tsarevich Alexei. After the death of the “carpenter tsar,” Tolstoy continues to remain on the throne, receives a count title from Catherine I, and even is a member of the Supreme Privy Council (a nine-member body that actually ruled the country at that time). But an attempt to force the all-powerful Menshikov to move led to his rapid fall. The scythe found a stone in the question of the future heir: Menshikov bet on Peter II, for whom he could marry his daughter, and Tolstoy intended to crown one of Peter's daughters so that the cunning plan of "Aleksashka" would not come true. The finale of this story turned out to be in a very old Russian style: by personal royal decree, Tolstoy, along with all the direct heirs, was deprived of ranks and titles and was sent to the Solovetsky Monastery, where he died in 1729.

Together with other possessions, Valuevo went to the widow of the eldest son P.A. Tolstoy - Praskovya Tolstoy, nee Troekurova, and came to her heirs, who later regained their family title. However, the Tolstoys soon got rid of Valuev, selling him to the Chief Marshal Shepelev, the builder of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. From Shepelev's wife, the village passed to her niece Maria Kosheleva. Since she never married and left no direct heirs behind, according to her will in 1776, Valuevo passed to Ekaterina Alekseevna Musina-Pushkina, nee Princess Volkonskaya.

During this time, almost nothing interesting happens in the architectural history of Valuev. It is clear that under the Tolstoys, the buildings of the 17th century were replaced by more modern ones, something was added somewhere, but that's all. A description of the estate has been preserved in the form in which the Shepelev family left it: a small wooden manor house, behind it - a regular park in the French style, on the Likov River there was a mill "about three posts", and in the village itself at that time there were only 27 yards in which 130 peasant souls lived. Next to the dilapidated wooden manor church, the Shepelevs built a new, stone one - this was the end of all the transformations.

And now let's look at what E.A. created from Valuev. Musin-Pushkin, or rather her husband, archivist, historiographer and discoverer of The Tale of Igor's Campaign.

To begin with, in the front yard, to the left and right of the master's house, two brick outbuildings are being built, one for the kitchen, the second for the fortress theater. The outbuildings are connected to the house through galleries-colonnades. Somewhere at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, separate services were added to the outbuildings - horse and barnyards. And, finally, at the entrance to the front yard of the estate, two identical one-story buildings with mezzanines are being built: an office and the house of the estate manager. Now all the buildings of the complex of the front yard form a square of the correct form. Three more clergy houses are being completed next to the stone church. On the bank of the river, the "Hunting Lodge" is being built - a pavilion with a portico in the Tuscan style, copied from the Concert Hall of Tsarskoe Selo. Under the "Hunting Lodge" in the slope of the river bank, a grotto is arranged, lined with wild stone in the fashion of the onset of romanticism, and the entire surrounding part of the park is being remade in the style of an English landscape garden. And, finally, in 1810-1811, alterations in Valuevo were completed with the construction of a new manor house, two-story, with six-columned porticos and a belvedere. True, it is still wooden, but with the processing of the facade under the stone. Valuevo becomes a full-fledged estate.

In 1829, the estate goes to the youngest son (the eldest died in the battle near Lunenburg during the Foreign Campaign) - Vladimir Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin. Since he had already been convicted by that time in the case of the Northern Society of Decembrists, he used his inheritance only in 1831, after he was finally able to resign from the regular infantry regiment, to which he was transferred to serve from the guard. In fact, Moscow and its environs were assigned to him as a place of exile.

During this time, the ensemble of the courtyard is replenished with two turrets in the pseudo-Gothic style - and that's it. The rest of the estate remains unchanged, and something slowly begins to collapse. In the 1850s, the Musins-Pushkins sold Valuevo to the princes Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky. Under the new owners, the Great Reform just broke out, and part of the land had to be separated by yesterday's souls. And then comes the same collision from Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard", which in reality happened to most of the family noble nests near Moscow much earlier. In 1863, the Chetvertinsky sold Valuevo to hereditary honorary citizen and cavalier, merchant of the first guild, Dmitry Semenovich Lepeshkin, owner of the Association of the Voznesenskaya Manufactory S. Lepeshkin and Sons, which consisted of five cotton-spinning factories.

Lepeshkin turned out to be by no means Chekhov's Lopakhin, and under him, Valuevo is experiencing a renaissance for a short time. All buildings are carefully reconstructed, the turrets of the gates of the manor house are decorated with sculptures of deer, and guard bronze lions are placed near the entrance to the house itself. The park is no longer being remodeled, but a number of outbuildings are being erected in it, including a bathhouse and a water tower, and a greenhouse is either being repaired or being built. Moreover, all work is carried out very carefully, without violating the architectural style and ensemble of the estate. And in 1885, Lepeshkin built a summer hospital in Valuevo (that is, it worked from early May to early October) and equipped it completely at his own expense. Prior to this, the Valuyevsky, Akatovsky and Meshkovsky peasants had to go 20-30 miles from their native village in search of medical care.

The further, already Soviet fate of Valuev is again typical - nationalization and transformation into a departmental recreational facility, accompanied by the completion of the classical ensembles with modern sanatorium buildings. After the war, the dispensary of the Vnukovo airfield was located in Valuevo, since 1960 - the sanatorium of the same name of Glavmosstroy, the recreation center and the children's sanatorium "Iskorka". It remains to add only two episodes from the latest film history: "The Hussar Ballad" and "War and Peace" by S. Bondarchuk were filmed here.

Science and life // Illustrations

The master's house of the Valuevo estate near Moscow is connected by galleries with two outbuildings. On the right was the theater, on the left was the kitchen. Unknown architect. Beginning of the 19th century.

You can drive to the Valuevo estate from the Kiev highway.

Count Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy (1645-1729), one of the owners of the Valuevo estate.

The main entrance to the estate is decorated with deer sculptures.

Count Alexei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin (1744-1817). Under him, the main architectural ensemble of the estate was created.

Vladimir Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin (1798-1854).

"Hunting Lodge" resembles a music pavilion in Tsarskoye Selo.

Countess E. K. Musina-Pushkin (1810-1846). Watercolor by V. I. Gau. 1840 Stored in the State Russian Museum.

Princess Natalia Alekseevna Volkonskaya (1784-1829), daughter of Count A. I. Musin-Pushkin. The watercolor by an unknown artist is in the Rybinsk Historical and Art Museum.

Cascade Pond.

Among the ancient noble estates that once surrounded Moscow, Valuevo is considered one of the best preserved. On the territory of the estate, located on the banks of small quiet rivers - Sosenka and Likova, 28 km from the center of Moscow and 10 km from the Moscow Ring Road along the Kiev highway, the clinical sanatorium of Glavmosstroy has been operating for about 50 years. It is named, like the estate itself, "Valuevo".

The main entrance, the manor house and some other buildings that have survived to this day were built at the beginning of the 19th century. However, the territory on which the estate is located has a longer history.

Back in the 14th century, the villages of Valuevo, Meshkovo and Akatovo were part of the large estates of the noble family of Valuev. The ancestor was the governor of Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Duke of Moscow, Timofei Vasilyevich Okatevich, who died on the Kulikovo field in 1380. Grandfather, Timofey Vasilyevich was called Okatiy Valuyom (mushroom or lazybones, loafer). From this nickname, the surname and name of the property were formed. The grandson inherited the patrimony from his father Vasily, the boyar of Grand Duke Simeon the Proud. The descendants of Timofey Vasilievich faithfully served the Fatherland: they participated in the Livonian War, in the Astrakhan campaign, fought against False Dmitry.

In the XVII century, the estate was owned by the relatives of the Valuevs - the princes Meshchersky. In the book of the Chudov Monastery of 1676, there was a document in which the Meshchersky patrimony was first named the village of Valuev.

In 1719, the Meshcherskys sold Valuevo to one of the most influential courtiers of that time, Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy (1645-1729), who had served as a steward at court since 1682. In 1697, Peter I, among the "volunteers", sent him to Italy to study maritime affairs. At the end of 1701, Peter Andreevich was appointed envoy to Constantinople, then he performed various diplomatic missions.

In 1717, Tolstoy rendered an important service to the tsar: sent to Naples, where at that time Tsarevich Alexei was hiding with his beloved Euphrosyne, he persuaded his son Peter to return to Russia. Then he took an active part in the trial of Tsarevich Alexei. The tsar rewarded Tolstoy with estates and put him in charge of the Secret Chancellery. The case of Tsarevich Alexei brought Peter Andreevich closer to Empress Catherine I, on the day of whose coronation he received the title of count. After the death of Peter I, Tolstoy, together with Menshikov, energetically contributed to the accession of Catherine I. And when the empress died, Tolstoy disagreed with Menshikov on the issue of a successor. Alexander Danilovich dreamed of marrying Peter II to his daughter Maria. But Tolstoy understood that the accession of the grandson of Peter I threatened him with punishment for the massacre of the father of the future tsar (Alexei), so he stood for the enthronement of one of the daughters of Peter I. On May 25, 1727, Menshikov betrothed his daughter to Peter II, and the 82-year-old Tolstoy, deprived of his title, of all ranks and status, went into exile in the Solovetsky Monastery. He died in Solovki at the age of 84.

Valuevo, during the period of its ownership by P. A. Tolstoy, according to the fashion of that time, was decorated with a regular park, which gives an idea of ​​the garden layouts of the late 18th century with their seemingly naturally formed paths and curtains.

After the death of the owner of Valuevo and other numerous fiefdoms, the widow of his eldest son, Praskovya Mikhailovna Tolstaya, nee Troe-kurova, inherited, who, not wanting to burden herself with economic problems, immediately divided the estates she inherited between her children. Valuevo passed to the eldest son Vasily Ivanovich Tolstoy, who later became a full state councilor. He was destined to be the last owner of this estate from the Tolstoy family, who soon regained the title of count.

In 1742, Vasily Ivanovich sold Valuevo for 45,000 rubles to the Shepelev spouses - Dmitry Andreevich, general-in-chief and chief marshal, builder of the St. Petersburg Winter Palace, and his wife Daria Ivanovna, nee Gluck. Under them, in Valuevo, next to the old wooden church, a new, stone one was built.

In 1768, Valuevo, according to the will of Darya Ivanovna Shepeleva, was inherited by her niece Maria Rodionovna Kosheleva. She was the compiler and hostess of a part of the family portrait gallery, now located in the exposition of the Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve of the city of Rybinsk.

Kosheleva had no children, they were replaced by her beloved niece Ekaterina Alekseevna Musina-Pushkina, nee Princess Volkonskaya (1754-1829), who belonged to one of the most noble and wealthy Moscow families. Kosheleva bequeathed her Valuevo near Moscow and a large Moscow house on Razgulay to her. So the estate passed into the possession of the Musin-Pushkin family.

Of all the owners of the estate near Moscow, the most famous was Count Alexei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin (1744-1817). He received the title of count from Emperor Paul I in April 1797. Alexey Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin is one of those outstanding figures of the age of the Russian Enlightenment who shaped the cultural environment of their time. Having headed the Academy of Arts, he, according to academicians, became "a zealous trustee of the state of sciences and arts." Among the closest friends of the count are N. M. Karamzin, N. N. Bantysh-Kamensky. Musin-Pushkin was attracted by the study of Russian antiquity, his library had an outstanding status. In 1772, traveling through Europe, he visited Germany, France, Holland, Spain and Italy, where, being interested in historical monuments and works of art, he had the opportunity to get acquainted with many private collections. Upon his return to Russia, the count begins an active collecting activity. He is interested in books and ancient manuscripts, coins and medals. The main part of the collection and paintings were placed in the Moscow house on Razgulyai, as well as in the family estate of Ilovna, Yaroslavl province.

In 1788, during the abolition of the Spaso-Yaroslavl Monastery, Musin-Pushkin acquired its archive. In the attached documents it is noted: "because of dilapidation and decay." In a large bundle of old materials was a pearl of the XIV century - "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". Shortly after acquiring the “material”, Alexei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin prepares the text “Words ...”, trying to interpret the most incomprehensible words of the original, and copies are made from this text, one of which is especially for Empress Catherine II. “In the Catherine’s copy,” writes academician D.S. Likhachev, “it is clearly felt that a scientist worked on the text, giving his own interpretation to the text, placing punctuation marks, capital letters, etc.”

In 1800, in Moscow, in the Smolensk printing house, a circulation of 1200 copies was printed "A heroic song about the campaign against the Polovtsy of the specific prince of Novgorod-Seversky Igor Svyatoslavovich, written in the old Russian language at the end of the 13th century, transcribed into the dialect used today." The book was quickly sold out, many copies were presented to the "highest persons", close friends of the owner of the manuscript. And the manuscript itself was in the house on Razgulay. A. I. Musin-Pushkin had long been thinking about transferring his priceless collection to the state for safekeeping. He asked about this in a letter sent to Petersburg, but the highest decision did not come to the request of the count.

The year 1812 has come. At the end of the summer, the count leaves with his family for the Yaroslavl estate of Ilovna in order to gather a militia from his peasants. In the “Rules for compiling a temporary militia to expel enemies from the Fatherland”, A. I. Musin-Pushkin explains in detail the tasks of the militia, and takes their equipment at his own expense. The count reports that he gives both sons to the altar of the Fatherland. The elder went to fight as a simple officer in the St. Petersburg militia and has already distinguished himself: he was awarded a golden sword with the inscription "For Courage". The younger one was 300 miles from home on treatment, but upon returning to his homeland he will be enrolled in the Yaroslavl militia. In his Moscow house on Razgulyai, the count took some precautions: he hid part of the collections and, of course, the manuscripts, among them the list of "Words ...", in the most reliable of the storerooms, and ordered the entrance to it to be walled up.

On the day the French entered Moscow, a fire broke out in the city. The house on Razgulay was chosen by French soldiers. One of the servants left in the house for protection showed a bricked-up basement hiding place. The collections hidden by Musin-Pushkin were looted. The French were looking for treasures, and the manuscripts were scattered. All documents were lost during the fire that happened soon.

The Napoleonic invasion inflicted another unhealed wound on Alexei Ivanovich: at the very end of the war, in March 1813, Major Alexander Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin (1789-1813) died near the city of Lüneburg, who, as the count dreamed, was to continue his work in the field of domestic culture. The whole family was hard pressed by the death of Alexander. The misfortunes that fell down unrecognizably changed Alexei Ivanovich: there was not a trace of his cordiality and cheerfulness, he became withdrawn and unsociable.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, units of the French army, retreating from Moscow along the Old Kaluga Road, visited the Valuevo estate near Moscow. At this time or a little later, the Church of the Intercession was damaged, which was finally dismantled in 1965. Now there is a memorial sign at this place.

Already seriously ill after the shocks experienced, A. I. Musin-Pushkin lived his last years in Valuev, continuing to collect books and manuscripts.

Aleksey Ivanovich died in 1817 in a house on Razgulay, restored after a fire, and was buried, as bequeathed, in the family estate of Ilov, Yaroslavl Region. Unfortunately, Musin-Pushkin's grave has not been preserved; the Rybinsk Reservoir spilled over it.

Alexey Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin paid great attention to the arrangement of Valuev. Under him, the main architectural ensemble of the estate was created here. The estate complex, formed by the end of 1810, is strictly symmetrical in plan. The main entrance is decorated with two pylons, decorated with deer sculptures, which appeared here in the 60s of the XIX century, and a light iron grate. At the corners of the fence there are two round towers, made in pseudo-Gothic style and decorated with white stone decor (possibly built under V. A. Musin-Pushkin). Further, a panorama opens up to the eye, in the center of which is the main house, connected by galleries with two outbuildings: the theater was located on the right, and the kitchen was on the left. The wooden manor house stands on a brick vaulted basement. The walls of the building are plastered to look like stone, which was quite common at that time. The façade is decorated with a six-columned Ionic portico, inside which there is a balcony at the level of the second floor. The corners of the building are finished with pilasters. The house is "guarded" by metal lions, which appeared here in the 60s of the XIX century. Triple windows on the first floor adorn the porticos. A small belvedere crowning the house brings a certain completeness to this excellent creation of an architect unknown to us.

The interior layout of the house is traditional. From the side of the front courtyard, the door led to the vestibule, from which one could get into the main hall. On either side of it were a suite of rooms - a living room, a reception room and an office. On the second floor there was a bedroom and children's rooms.

According to the memoirs of contemporaries, the rooms of the main manor house were decorated with a portrait gallery of the Musin-Pushkin family members, their relatives, acquaintances, members of the royal family - more than 60 portraits in total.

Among the famous count's collection, collected by him during his travels, are bronze, porcelain, crystal, and furniture. Here was part of a huge library.

The place for the park pavilions was chosen very well - a high hill, from where the whole neighborhood is visible.

One of the most beautiful buildings of Valuev is the Hunting Lodge pavilion. It is somewhat reminiscent of the Tsarskoe Selo musical pavilion, built according to the project of Quarenghi. The house was illuminated through triple windows facing north and south. Inside were a hall and two small rooms. Currently, the "Hunting Lodge" is thoroughly rebuilt.

Next to it is a grotto lined with shell rock. An island was built in the middle of the Lipovka River, to which a staircase led. There was a gazebo on the island (not preserved).

In the 30s of the 19th century, cascading ponds were formed in the estate. With the help of a system of pumps, water was pumped up to a special reservoir, from which it flowed through ponds to the river. The cascade consisted of three ponds: the upper one - Red, the middle one - Golden and the lower one - Dark. The ponds have been preserved, and the colors of the trees and the blue expanses of the sky are still reflected in the surface of their waters.

The appearance of the park part of the estate was complemented by sculpture. It is known that the flower bed in front of the park was decorated with four sculptures depicting the seasons.

Under Count Musin-Pushkin, Valuevo was especially elegant. Ekaterina Alekseevna Musina-Pushkina was a hospitable hostess. Many relatives and friends came to Valuevo. Neighbors from nearby estates came here - the Vyazemsky, Chetvertinsky, Gagarin families. Valuev's guests were: N. M. Karamzin, V. A. Zhukovsky, E. A. Boratynsky. A. S. Pushkin also visited the estate.

After the death of A. I. Musin-Pushkin, the estate was inherited by his son Vladimir Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin (1798-1854), who had a reputation as an intelligent and sympathetic person. Vladimir was born in Moscow, brought up in a Jesuit boarding school in St. Petersburg, in 1810 he entered the page corps, then studied at the Moscow School for Columnists. Next - service in the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment.

He was married to Emilia Karlovna Shernval von Wallon (1810-1846), the daughter of the Vyborg governor, a Swede who was in the Russian service. The couple had two sons: Alexei (1831-1889) and Vladimir (1832-1865). Among the admirers of E. K. Musina-Pushkina, we find the names of A. S. Pushkin, Prince P. A. Vyazemsky and later - M. Yu. Lermontov. The latter, apparently, was carried away by the blond beauty and “followed her everywhere like a shadow” (V. Sollogub), but had no reciprocity. The poet dedicated the madrigal “E. K. Musina-Pushkina»:

Countess Emilia -
Whiter than a lily
Slimmer than her waist
Will not meet in the world
And the sky of Italy
Shines in her eyes
But Emilia's heart,
Like the Bastille.

The fate of Emilia Karlovna was unenviable. Her husband's fondness for playing cards was such that he once lost a large sum. All of Moscow was talking about it. The matter was settled, but Musin-Pushkin no longer allowed funds to live in Moscow, and they left the city. Describing Emilia Karlovna, her contemporary, A. O. Smirnova-Rosset, writes: “She was very smart and genuinely kind, like Aurora. She had blond hair, blue eyes and black eyebrows. In the village, she looked after typhoid patients, she herself became infected and died. The Countess died at the age of 36. The act of this woman put her on a par with the wives of the Decembrists, who followed their husbands to Siberia. She was also the wife of a Decembrist, who escaped, however, serious punishment.

Since 1825, V. A. Musin-Pushkin served in Mogilev as adjutant to the commander-in-chief of the 1st Army F. V. Osten-Saken (1752-1837), and P. P. Titov was the second adjutant. The commander-in-chief, together with Musin-Pushkin, arrived in Moscow for a week for a review. Here Vladimir Alekseevich joined the Northern Society. However, as the materials of the investigation showed, "I did not know the true goals of the society." During the investigation, Musin-Pushkin will say: "I was accepted into the Northern Society by my cousin of the Borodino Infantry Regiment, Colonel M. M. Naryshkin in early August last year in Moscow." Naryshkin set a specific task for Musin-Pushkin and Titov: to immediately create two councils of the Northern Society in Mogilev. Created in November 1925, the Mogilev council turned out to be inactive and, after the defeat of the uprising in St. Petersburg, ceased to exist.

Musin-Pushkin was included in the list approved by the tsar to be tried. But in the final verdict of the Supreme Criminal Court on state criminals, he was assigned to the 11th category (deprivation of ranks with an entry into the soldiers). Nicholas I showed royal mercy to some of those convicted in this category. Among those blessed by the tsar was Musin-Pushkin. The demotion was replaced by dismissal from the guard and transfer to the same rank (which was considered a big demotion according to the then rules) to the Petrovsky Infantry Regiment. After serving four years in the outback, Musin-Pushkin was dismissed with the same rank.

One of the few bright events in the years when he pulled what seemed to him an endless army strap was an unexpected trip to the Caucasus for official purposes. Here V. A. Musin-Pushkin met with A. S. Pushkin. This meeting was included in the lines of Pushkin’s work “Journey to Arzrum”: “Finally ... he arrived safely in Novocherkassk, where he found gr. Vl. Pushkin, also on his way to Tiflis. I heartily rejoiced at him, and we agreed to travel together. Alexander Pushkin, who has known his distant relative for a long time, will mention him more than once in his letters to Natalia Nikolaevna from Moscow to St. Petersburg.

In 1831, after the resignation, the count took a subscription on the obligation to live in Moscow and not to travel abroad. It was only allowed to visit his Valuevo estate near Moscow. However, the count was soon released from supervision. He died in 1854.

Vladimir's brother Ivan Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin in 1822 married the Moscow beauty Maria Alexandrovna Urusova, with whom A. S. Pushkin fell in love. Pushkin’s message “Where the sea is a warm wave” speaks of the passion for the countess. A married woman was not allowed to show signs of attention, so there are no frank declarations of love in this poem. The poet admires the nature of Italy more, from where Maria Alekseevna recently returned:

Who knows the edge where the sky shines
inexplicable blue,
Where is the sea with a warm wave
Around the ruins quietly splashing;
Where is the eternal laurel and cypress
In the wild they proudly grew;
Where the majestic Torquato sang,
Where and now in the darkness of the night
Adriatic wave
His octaves are repeated...
......
You, inspirational Raphael,
Comprehend the beauty of unearthly,
Experience joy in heaven
Write another Mary to us,
With another baby in her arms.

Two years after the death of her husband, in 1838, Maria Alekseevna married a lyceum friend of A. S. Pushkin, Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov. Together they lived for 15 years.

By the middle of the 19th century, the entire estate was already owned by the children of Countess E.K. Musina-Pushkina - Alexei (1831-1889) and Vladimir (1832-1865) Vladimirovich.

In 1856, Valuevo was bought from them by the owner of the neighboring Filimonki estate, Prince Vladimir Borisovich Chetvertinsky (Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky). In Filimonki, under him, the construction of a monumental two-story church began. Unfortunately, little is known about the activities of V. B. Chetvertinsky in Valuev, and the estate did not belong to him for long. After the death of the owner, the estate was inherited by his sons, princes Boris and Sergei. At that time, they had not yet reached the age of majority, therefore, their guardian and relative, the actual Privy Councilor Emmanuil Dmitrievich Naryshkin (1813-1902), who had the court rank of chief marshal, was in charge of all the economic affairs of Valuev.

In the post-reform period of 1861, Valuevo shared the fate of many noble estates that changed owners and passed into merchant hands. In 1863, the estate from the Chetvertinsky was acquired by “hereditary honorary citizen and gentleman, merchant of the 1st guild” Dmitry Semyonovich Lepeshkin, the owner of the Association of the Voznesensky Manufactory of D. Lepeshkin and Sons, located in the Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow province, and the Nikolskaya stationery factory. Thanks to his huge income, Lepeshkin repeatedly made significant donations to charitable causes.

According to the inventory attached to the bill of sale, the main three-story building and outbuildings - two two-story and one one-story - were subject to sale. The total area of ​​possessions was 5607 square fathoms. The property had a garden, a pond, which was filled up after a few years, and vegetable gardens that had been rented out for a long time.

Under D.S. Lepeshkin, Valuevo was carefully reconstructed. New gates led to the front yard. Additional balconies and small symmetrical one-story volumes were added to the house, expanding the building in both directions. A water tower and a bathhouse were erected in the park, and a greenhouse was rebuilt with the preservation of order forms. All new buildings are made with great tact and do not violate the overall ensemble of the estate. The new highway connected the estate with the Odintsovo station of the Moscow-Smolensk railway.

In 1885, Lepeshkin founded a hospital on his estate, which functioned during the warm season, from May to early October. Unlike similar medical institutions, the Valuevskaya hospital was well equipped.

In 1892, after the death of Dmitry Semyonovich, Valuevo passed to his widow Agrippina (Agrafena) Nikolaevna, nee Shaposhnikova, who was also an active philanthropist.

During the Civil War in 1918-1920, Valuevo was nationalized, furniture and utensils were taken out of the manor's house. A sanatorium was set up on the estate, and then a rest home. From 1960 up to the present, the former estate has been occupied by the Valuevo sanatorium. In 1962-1964, restoration repairs were carried out, during which many buildings were adapted for sanatorium needs.

Russian estates often attracted the attention of filmmakers with their beauty and expanses of landscapes. In the late 1970s, the film crew of the film “My Sweet and Gentle Beast” headed by director E. Loteanu came to Valuevo. The group included artist B. L. Blank, cameraman A. A. Petritsky, artists O. Yankovsky, K. Lavrov, G. Belyaeva, L. Markov and others. The picture was released on the screens of the Soviet Union in 1978 and immediately attracted the attention of the audience not only for its plot side and the participation of eminent artists, but also for the wonderful music that the composer E. Doga wrote for this film. The amazing nature of Valuev is imbued with a waltz, in the melodies of which one can hear the noise of centuries-old trees, and the murmuring water of cascading ponds, and the singing of birds, and the echo of the voices of the owners of the estate.

In a picturesque place in the southwestern part of the near Moscow region, on the banks of the Likova (Likovka) River, among the flood meadows is located estate Valuevo. The village that was located here earlier was at first the patrimony of one boyar family - associates of the Moscow princes of the 14th century. The ancestor of the nobles of the Valuevs was the governor of the Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy - T. Okatevich, who died on the Kulikovo field. He received the nickname "value" (lazy person) for his character. Actually, this nickname gave rise to the name of the Valuevs.

The count radically changed Valuevo, especially the front yard, where by the 90s. 18th century appeared two-story brick outbuildings, which had a mirror layout and were united by through galleries-colonnades, which housed the kitchen and the fortress theater. Directly in front of the outbuildings by the beginning of the 19th century. "services" and two compact buildings in the form of a square were built - horse and barnyards. At the beginning of the XIX century. at the entrance to the estate, two one-story buildings with mezzanines were built - an office and a manager's house. The main entrance to the manor house was decorated with stone lions; inside, it was decorated with numerous fireplaces, stucco cornices, and many columns.

The park has also changed. Next to the church, three one-story houses were erected for the church clergy, which as a result formed an independent ensemble. And on the bank of the river appeared garden pavilionhunting lodge, reminiscent of the Concert Hall built by D. Quarenghi in Tsarskoye Selo. The new decoration of the park has become coastal grotto - an artificial cave, made under the "wild stone", with side stairs and three arched entrances. The park was divided into a landscape English part with romantic "ruin" compositions and another grotto, this time made of large boulders, and a regular one. Over time, the manor park completely turned into a landscape park. The main house with a front courtyard is the core of the estate, and on the other side of the house there is a park with cascades of ponds and "vents".

In 1810-1811. a new manor house - a large two-story building with a belvedere, the facades of which were processed "under the stone". However, it was badly damaged the very next year after the completion of construction - in 1812 it was ravaged by the French. And in Moscow, during a great fire, the famous collection of the count burned down.

AI Musin-Pushkin formed the scientific and cultural environment of his era. An active collector of coins, medals, manuscripts, books, paintings, in which there were originals by Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, B. Murillo, he literally attracted people to him. Numerous relatives came to Valuevo for the summer. The favorite place of all the guests were terraced cascading ponds. Silence, intertwined crowns of trees, solitude near the water surface of ponds - everything created a feeling of peace and harmony.

After the death of the owner, the estate was inherited by Count Vladimir Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin - a Decembrist, a member of the Northern Society; after 1825 he was demoted and spent half a year in the Peter and Paul Fortress. In 1831 he retired and moved to permanent residence in Moscow. He rarely comes to Valuevo, mostly with his wife, Emilia Shernval von Wallen. Despite the rarity of their visits, some architectural changes did take place in Valuev. Under the new owners, in the pseudo-Gothic style, round corner towers were built in the front yard, decorated with white stone decor. Poets E. Baratynsky, A. S. Pushkin, V. A. Zhukovsky and historian N. M. Karamzin visited Valuevo. In the 30s. 19th century new ones were arranged on the estate pond cascades - Red, Gold, Dark.

From the middle of the XIX century. Valuev is owned by Prince Vladimir Borisovich Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky and his sons - Boris and Sergey. And in 1863, an honorary citizen, a merchant of the first guild, D.S. Lepeshkin, who became rich in cotton processing and is known for his charity, acquired the estate from them. The new owner made a small reconstruction of the manor ensemble: he built new gates decorated with deer, placed metal lions in front of the entrance to the main house, and attached balconies to the building. A bathhouse and a water tower appeared on the estate. The fence of the front yard, metal bars and gates date back to 1880. The building dates back to the same time. greenhouses, which has order forms. Brick corners of the building are made in the form of niches. D.S. Lepeshkin founded a hospital in Valuev.

After the revolution of 1917, the estate housed first a sanatorium, in 1920 - the first rest house for Moscow workers, and today - again a sanatorium, which is very famous in Russia (the hospital of Glav-mosstroy).

From what has been preserved from the estate ensemble to the present day, it is of interest main house - wooden, standing on a brick basement. In terms of the house - rectangular, with ledges; the building is crowned with an 8-sided belvedere. The facade is decorated with a portico and a balcony on the second floor, the corners are trimmed with pilasters. Some elements of the main house are also found in hunting pavilion and in greenhouses, where rare plants and many flowers grew.

Temple Pavilion Hunting Lodge is located in the western part of the manor complex and is a picturesque, elegant building with a four-columned antique portico, magnificent window openings and niches that gave it artistry and sophistication.

In this estate, in the central flower bed of the park, the famous director Sergei Bondarchuk filmed the scene of the death of Petya Rostov for the film based on the novel by the great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace". In addition to him, another film beloved by the people was filmed on the territory of Valuev - “The Hussar Ballad”.

The basis of the preserved park is linden alleys (the trees in them reach a height of 30 m) and thickets of weeping birch and white willow. There are also giant firs (38 m), larches, pines, blue spruces, horse chestnuts and beautiful tall white poplars. On the whole, it can be said that the manor palace and park ensemble in Valuev, built in the style of classicism, is solved in a single semantic key; it is characterized by a general architectural design, the principle of symmetry, integrity and harmony of forms.

The structure of the ensemble also included an old Church of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God(XVII century), which, unfortunately, has not been preserved, as it was badly damaged during the Great Patriotic War. In 1965, it was dismantled.