Natalia Chernyshova
Abstract of the lesson on teaching literacy “Syllabus. Dividing words into syllables "(preparatory group)

LESSON #7.

Topic. Syllable. Dividing words into syllables.

Target: give an idea of syllable, learn to share words into syllables,

distinguish between one-, two-, and three-syllable the words; improve the articulation apparatus of children, develop vocabulary, thinking, speech; develop the ability to hear and listen to spoken the words.

Equipment: subject pictures, toys, cards - diagrams.

Lesson progress:

Come on, everyone - stand in a circle,

All of a sudden they held hands

We will stand by and answer questions.

We start to study, we will try the whole lesson,

Repeat, do not yawn, remember everything.

1. REVIEW OF LEARNED IN THE PREVIOUS CLASSES

1. CONVERSATION. (A toy - Mishutka takes an active part in the conversation)

What do these diagrams mean?

(The teacher shows different diagrams.)

- How do we define the words- item names? (one straight line)

- How do we define words are the names of actions? (two straight lines)

- How do we define the words- signs of objects? (wavy line)

What questions are answered the words- item names words are the names of actions, the words- signs of objects?

yoke: "Count how many words in a sentence» .

The teacher says a sentence of two to four words, and the child determines by ear the number words in a sentence.

For example: The bear is sleeping. (2-the words)

WORK AT THE BOARD

Laying out proposals perceived by ear.

The teacher pronounces the sentence in full. Together with the child determines the amount by ear words in a sentence. The second time he pronounces the sentence not in full, but dictates according to words like a dictation. The child writes the sentence on the blackboard.

Bear cub performs this task. (CHILDREN HELP AND CORRECT HIM.)

2. MOTIVATION TRAINING

Creation of a problem situation.

Mishutka and Pinocchio decided to hold a running competition. They invite you "get sick" for the athletes. What does it mean to cheer for athletes?

Which one of you was in the competition?

Where do they go?

What are the names of those who "sick" for athletes? What are they doing?

You will be fans. The girls will cheer for Pinocchio, and the boys for Mishutka. Remember that the fans loudly, in parts, chant the name of the runner.

So, Pinocchio went to the start. Girls, what's the name of this runner? (Bu-ra-ti-no.)

Mishutka came to the start. Boys, what's the name of this runner? (Mi-joke-ka.)

Reade set Go! (two children with toy characters play the role of runners)

We congratulate Mishutka and Pinocchio with an excellent result.

When you shouted out the names of the athletes, how did word? (in parts)

3. REPORTING THE TOPIC AND OBJECTIVES LESSONS

On this lesson we will learn what are these parts called? the words and why you need to be able to share words in pieces. 4. PRIMARY PERCEPTION AND AWARENESS OF THE NEW MATERIAL

1. Practical work.

Speak slowly word fish. Tap it on the table with a pencil. slam it word. Count the claps. How much did it turn out?

The teacher explains to the children that WORD FISH-BA TWO PARTS.

Names the first part, then the second. When we pronounce word is incomplete, and we divide it into parts - this means that we divide it into syllables(show).

AT there can be two words, three, four or more syllables. And there are some the words, in which there is only one syllable. Therefore, you probably noticed that the words are longer and shorter. It depends on how much is in it. syllables. Listen, I'll say single syllable words: house, cancer, catfish, cat, etc.

When pronouncing these words mouth opens only once. Now listen and tell me how much syllables I share these words(the teacher says -two, three-syllable the words)

5. REINFORCING AND UNDERSTANDING KNOWLEDGE FOR CHILDREN

1. Game "Undress words into syllables» .

Try it yourself, first in a whisper, and then say it out loud syllables words - names of objects which I will show you in the pictures.

2. Physical education « Syllabic jumpers»

I call the words, and you should, pronouncing words by syllable, jump the same number of times.

3. Simulation syllabic composition of words.

When we graphically wrote down the sentence, then each word marked with a dash. To show how much words of syllables, you can draw rectangles divided into as many parts as syllables in a word.

(The teacher marks the most attentive children.)

4. Game "Counting"

You children always speak in sentences, the words speak fluently in sentences. But sometimes, in the game, you say words by syllable. For example, when you pronounce counting rhymes. Now stand in a circle and listen to me syllables pronounce the rhyme.

Che - re - pa - ha tail under -zha -la

And for the hare - cem -be - Ms - la.

O-ka - for - las vpe - re - di

Who does not believe you-ho-di!

The teacher invites the children to recall other counting rhymes known to them and pronounce them according to syllables. The teacher prompts you to choose syllable rhythm for counting so that each the word is divided into syllables.

6. GENERALIZATION AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE

M e d v e j o n o k helps.

WORK AT THE BOARD

And now let's play. I will show you pictures, and you will find them diagram houses.

Look at the picture. What do you see? Name. Let's determine the amount syllables.

To determine the amount syllables in a word, there is another way. You place your hand just below your chin. Delya word for syllables, you keep track of how many times the chin touched your hand.

How did you share words into syllables?

How syllables can be in a word?

7. Bottom line lessons

What new did you learn about lesson?

What have you learned?

Why you need to share words into syllables?

Try to divide at home syllables of parents' names, nicknames of animals.

It would seem that for any person who has learned to read, there is nothing easier than dividing words into syllables. In practice, it turns out that this is not such an easy task, moreover, in order to correctly complete this task, you need to know some of the nuances. If you think about it, not everyone can even give a clear answer to a simple question: “What is a syllable?”

So what is a syllable?

As you know, every word consists of syllables, which, in turn, consist of letters. However, for a combination of letters to be a syllable, it must necessarily contain one vowel, which in itself can constitute a syllable. It is generally accepted that a syllable is the smallest spoken unit of speech or, more simply, a sound / sound combination pronounced in one breath. For example, the word "I-blo-ko". To pronounce it, you need to exhale three times, which means that this word consists of three syllables.

In our language, one syllable cannot contain more than one vowel. Therefore, how many vowels in a word - so many syllables. Vowels are syllabic sounds (create a syllable), while consonants are non-syllabic (cannot form a syllable).

Theories of the syllable

There are as many as four theories trying to explain what a syllable is.

• exhalation theory. One of the most ancient. According to her, the number of syllables in a word is equal to the number of exhalations made during its pronunciation.
• acoustic theory. It implies that a syllable is a combination of sounds with high and low volume. The vowel is louder, so it is able to both independently form a syllable and attract consonants to itself, like less loud sounds.
• articulatory theory. In this theory, the syllable is presented as the result of muscle tension, which increases towards the vowel and falls towards the consonant.
• Dynamic theory. Explains the syllable as a complex phenomenon influenced by a number of factors listed in previous theories.

It is worth noting that each of the above theories has its drawbacks, however, as well as advantages, and none of them has been able to fully characterize the nature of the concept of "syllable".

Types of syllables

A word can consist of a different number of syllables - from one or more. It all depends on the vowels, for example: “sleep” is one syllable, “sno-vi-de-ni-e” is five. In this category, they are divided into monosyllabic and polysyllabic.

If there is more than one syllable in the composition of the word, then one of them is stressed, and it is called stressed (when pronounced, it is distinguished by the length and strength of the sound), and all the others are unstressed.

Depending on what sound the syllable ends with, they are open (vowel) and closed (consonant). For example, the word "for-water". In this case, the first syllable is open, as it ends in the vowel "a", while the second is closed because it ends in the consonant "d".

How to separate words into syllables?

First of all, it is worth clarifying that the division of words into phonetic syllables does not always coincide with the division for transfer. So, according to the rules of transfer, one letter cannot be separated, even if it is a vowel and is a syllable. However, if the word is divided into syllables, according to the rules of division, then a vowel not surrounded by consonants will make up one full-fledged syllable. For example: in the word “yu-la” there are phonetically two syllables, but this word will not be separated during transfer.

As stated above, there are exactly as many syllables in a word as there are vowels. One vowel sound can act as a syllable, but if it has more than one sound, then such a syllable will necessarily begin with a consonant. The above example - the word "yu-la" - is divided in this way, and not "yul-a". This example demonstrates how the second vowel "a" attracts "l" to itself.

If there are several consonants in a row in the middle of a word, they belong to the next syllable. This rule applies to cases with the same consonants, and to cases with different non-syllabic sounds. The word "o-tcha-i-n" illustrates both options. The letter "a" in the second syllable attracted a combination of different consonants - "tch", and "s" - double "nn". There is one exception to this rule - for unpaired non-syllable sounds. If the voiced consonant (y, l, l, m, m, n, n, p, p) is the first in the letter combination, then it is separated along with the previous vowel. In the word "flask" the letter "n" refers to the first syllable, as it is an unpaired voiced consonant. And in the previous example - “o-tcha-ya-ny” - “n” went to the beginning of the next syllable, according to the general rule, since it was a paired sonorant.

Sometimes letter combinations of consonants in a letter mean several letters, but sound like one sound. In such cases, the division of the word into syllables and the division for hyphenation will be different. Since the combination means one sound, then these letters should not be separated when divided into syllables. However, when transferring such letter combinations are separated. For example, the word “i-zjo-ga” has three syllables, but when transferred, this word will be divided as “izzho-ga”. In addition to the letter combination “zzh”, pronounced as one long sound [zh:], this rule also applies to the combinations “ts” / “ts”, in which “ts” / “ts” sound like [ts]. For example, it is correct to divide “u-chi-tsya” without breaking “ts”, but when transferring, it will be “learn-sya”.

As noted in the previous section, the syllable is open and closed. There are much fewer closed syllables in Russian. As a rule, they are only at the end of the word: "hacker". In rare cases, closed syllables may be in the middle of a word, provided that the syllable ends in an unpaired sonorant: “bag”, but “bu-dka”.

How to separate words for hyphenation

Having dealt with the question of what a syllable is, what types of them are, and how to divide them into them, it is worth paying attention to the rules of word hyphenation. After all, with external similarity, these two processes do not always lead to the same result.

When dividing a word for transfer, the same principles are used as in the usual division into syllables, but it is worth paying attention to a number of nuances.

It is strictly forbidden to tear off one letter from a word, even if it is a syllable-forming vowel. This prohibition also applies to the transfer of a group of consonants without a vowel, with a soft sign or y. For example, “a-ni-me” is divided into syllables like this, but it can only be transferred in this way: “ani-me”. As a result, when transferring, two syllables come out, although in reality there are three.

If two or more consonants are nearby, they can be divided at your discretion: “te-kstu-ra” or “tek-stu-ra”.

With paired consonants between vowels, they are separated, except when these letters are part of the root at the junction with a suffix or prefix: “classes”, but “classy”. The same principle applies to the consonant at the end of the word root before the suffix - of course, it is possible to tear off letters from the root during transfer, but it is undesirable: "Kyiv". Similarly, with regard to the prefix: the last consonant included in its composition cannot be torn off: “under-creep”. If the root begins with a vowel, you can either still separate the prefix itself, or transfer two syllables of the root together with it: “accident-free”, “accident-free”.

Abbreviations cannot be transferred, but compound words can, but only in terms of components.

ABC by syllables

The syllable is of great practical importance in teaching children to read. From the very beginning, students learn letters and syllables, which of them can be combined. And later, from syllables, children learn to gradually build words. At first, children are taught to read words from simple open syllables - “ma”, “mo”, “mu” and the like, and soon the task is complicated. Most primers and manuals devoted to this issue are built according to this technique.

Moreover, especially for the development of the ability to read in syllables, some children's books are published with texts divided into syllables. This facilitates the process of reading and contributes to bringing the ability to recognize syllables to automatism.

In itself, the concept of "syllable" is not yet fully studied subject of linguistics. However, its practical importance is difficult to overestimate. After all, this small part of the word helps not only to learn reading and writing rules, but also helps to understand many grammatical rules. We should also not forget that, thanks to the syllable, there is poetry. After all, the main systems for creating rhymes are based precisely on the properties of this tiny phonetic-phonological unit. And although there are a lot of theories and studies devoted to it, the question of what a syllable is remains open.

A syllable is the smallest pronunciation unit in Russian. It may consist of one or more sounds.

School pupils and students of philological areas often face tasks from the category: "Divide words into syllables." It would seem that to cope with such a task is very easy. However, people often have a question: “How to properly divide words into syllables?”.

In the article you will find the answer to this question. Get acquainted with the basic rules and learn the words into syllables.

Difficulties of the syllable

Usually there are no problems with breaking simple words into syllables. Any of us will be able to cope with the syllable division of the noun "water". But how to divide a word into syllables if it is complex in its composition?

Take, for example, the participle "considered." How to correctly draw a syllable section: “ras-smo-tri-ny”, “ra-smo-tri-ny”, “ra-smo-tri-ny”? The correct answer is the third option, but why? In order to understand, let's get acquainted with the basic rules for dividing a word into syllables.

Basic rules of the syllable division

The first thing to remember is that the number of syllables in a word is equal to the sum of the vowels that make up it. The boundaries of a syllable section often do not coincide with morpheme division, therefore, when parsing, it is necessary to rely on the following rules:

• vowel sounds are syllable-forming in Russian;
• a syllable cannot contain more than one vowel;
• a syllable may consist of a single vowel sound (o-vod) or a combination of vowels and consonants. A syllable consisting of two or more sounds always begins with a consonant;
• all syllables in Russian strive for openness.

Open and closed syllables

In order to determine how to divide a word into syllables correctly, it is necessary to be able to distinguish them by type. All syllables in modern Russian are divided into two types: open and closed.

An open syllable always ends in (pro-vo-yes, go-lo-va, pe-le-na). It can occur at the beginning, middle, or end of a word.

A closed syllable ends in a consonant. Most often it appears at the end of a word (bow, smog, famine). Also, a closed syllable can be formed if in the middle of the word there is (sil-ki, wolf-ki, tank-ki).

If a group of several consonants occurs in the middle of a word, they usually go to the beginning of the syllable, leaving the previous one open (di-who-background, on-call-ni-e, re-da-kti-ro-va-ni-e).

Features of the syllable section

The syllable division in Russian obeys not only the law of an open syllable, but also the law of ascending sonority. The bottom line is that the syllables in the word are arranged in ascending order: from less sonorous to more. Several rules follow from this. They will tell you how to properly divide words into syllables:

1. If a consonant is found in a word that stands between two vowels, it goes to the next syllable (that-pot, pu-le-met, you-water, and-ko-na, ka-li-na);
2. The combination of several noisy ones (all consonants except sonorants) is referred to the next syllable (e-zda, ru-chka, mo-li-tva, ka-li-tka);
3. A group of noisy and sonorous consonants is ranked as the second syllable in turn (important, so-pro-ti-vle-ni-e, o-smy-follow-ni-e);
4. Several sonorant consonants that stand between vowels in one word are assigned to the next syllable (a-lmaz, a-rmi-ya, in my opinion);
5. In combinations of sonorous and noisy between vowels, the first sound goes to the syllable in front of it (impossible, half-ka, mink, mer-tsa-ni-e, thief-si-nka);
6. Repeating consonants go to the syllable following them (in-burn, Rossi-ya, ko-lo-nna, a-lle-ya);
7. If a word contains "y" before a sonorant or noisy one, it is assigned to the previous syllable (my-va, lei-ka, ka-na-rei-ka, te-lo-grey-ka).

Remembering these rules is not difficult, but they will help you easily determine how to divide a word into syllables correctly.

Algorithm for executing a syllable section

We have analyzed a theory that will help us divide words into syllables. Now let's move on to the practical part. To successfully determine how many syllables are in a word, a simple plan will help us:

1. Write the word given in the task on a separate sheet.
2. Determine how many vowels are included in its composition.
3. Draw an initial syllable section after each vowel.
4. See if there are difficult places in the word: groups of consonants, sonorants or doubled sounds.
5. If there is, change the syllable boundary according to the rules.

It should be remembered that syllable hyphenation and syllable division are not equal to each other. is carried out on the basis of the morphemic We cannot separate the letter from the prefix or suffix.

Dividing a word into syllables allows you to split whole morphemes into parts in accordance with the rules of the syllable section. For example, consider the verb "raise". For transfer, it will be divided as follows: “under-no-mother”. The division into syllables will be different: “by-days-mother”.

by syllables

Now many mothers are trying to teach their child to read as early as possible. One of the most effective ways in this matter is reading by syllables. You can’t explain to a kid how to divide a word into syllables using complex rules. Therefore, game methods are used.

You can start working with your child from the age of one. Exercises aimed at developing reading skills help improve memory and develop abstract thinking. They teach the child to think logically, to compare. In addition, classes can be turned into a fun game.

First, learn the alphabet with your child. This will help books with bright pictures, cubes. Boards on which you can fix multi-colored letters.

Then explain that there are vowels and the vowels are long and loud. Consonants are short and dull. Tell your baby that the stressed syllable lasts the longest.

Say a few simple words out loud and ask your child to identify which sound is stressed. Choose nouns that your child is familiar with. Words suitable for training: "soap", "water", "hand", "leg", "face", "body".

Explain that the number of vowels corresponds to the number of syllables. If the child already knows how to count, try with him to find out how many vowels are in these words: "carrot", "onion", "plate", "cabbage", "toy", "TV".

Having introduced the child to the basics, proceed to the game exercises.

Make cards with syllables for each consonant of the alphabet. In order to systematize the technique, place the combinations of consonants and vowels in the same order on each card. For example: "ma, me, we, mi, mo, me, mu, mu."

Give the child a card, have him look at the syllables while you read them out loud, and repeat. This exercise will help develop visual memory. Over time, the child will be able to recognize the syllables and pronounce them without your help.

Make signs on which combinations of letters will be written. Ask the child to make a word out of them and read it. To begin with, offer him cards with the syllables "ma", "pa". Let the kid make up the words he knows well: “mom” and “dad”.

Try to come up with different games for the baby to stir up interest. For example, invite him to send one letter to visit another and see what happens.

Going from simple to complex

When the child has mastered the basics, begin to complicate the tasks. At the same time, continue to conduct classes in a playful way.

Give your child a few words that differ in only one letter. Let him determine what is the difference between them. For example, the words: "soap" and "cute", "house" and "smoke".

Choose a dozen words that have two syllables. Each syllable will require one card. Shuffle the papers and ask the child to make words out of them. Suitable nouns "frame", "mother", "dad", "cottage", "hand", "leg", "face", "soap", "body", "meat".

Teach your child to hyphenate. To do this, write down a few two-syllable words on a piece of paper in a column. Have the child draw a line after each vowel and then say it out loud, pausing briefly at the syllable section.

Take two sheets with the same text. Let it be a fairy tale or a small nursery rhyme. Ask your child to follow the words as you read. After a while, pause and ask the child where you left off.

Read with the baby short fairy tales by roles.

For activities of any kind, choose funny children's texts that arouse the interest of the child. It can be poems, fairy tales, small articles about animals. Ask them to retell what they have read. This will help develop the memory and speech of the baby.

Before starting classes, make sure that your child is ready to learn. He has formed speech, he can make up short stories. No pronunciation defects.

Start simple, gradually move on to complex. At each new lesson, repeat the material of the previous one.

Stick to game play. It will help you instill in your child a love of reading and a desire to learn.

Start learning syllables with the simplest combinations. Use words that are familiar to the child. Gradually increase the difficulty of your workouts.

Don't expect quick results from your child. He will learn to read gradually. First, let him learn one-syllable and two-syllable words. Pick up tasks with them until the baby begins to cope with "excellent".

When you are done with easy words, try to practice reading whole sentences by syllables. Gradually increase your reading.

The simple tips in this article will help you to easily and effectively teach your child to read by syllables. At the same time, the baby will spend time with pleasure, performing game tasks.

In addition to reading skills, memory, attentiveness, logical and abstract thinking will develop, and the child's horizons will expand.

To help the child deal with the division of words into syllables within the power of any parent. By spending a little time explaining and consolidating the material, you can get a brilliant result. However, for this, you should arm yourself with proven ways to conquer this ingenuous topic so that independent lessons do not drag on and bring satisfaction to both parties.

How to explain to a child what syllables are

Start studying the topic if the child already has an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bsuch concepts as a letter and a word. It is not necessary that the baby knows the names of all the letters. But it is important that he knows the vowel sounds and some consonants.

Initially, the child should be taught not the alphabet as a whole and not the names of the letters (“be”, “ge”, “ka”, “el”, “and short” - so he will not soon understand how they are read), but those sounds that we pronounce, looking at the letter ("b", "p", "m", "l", "d").

It is necessary to explain to the child that for the formation of syllables, sounds become pairs. There is always only one vowel in a pair, but there can be one consonant, or maybe several. And it happens that there is no consonant at all. A prerequisite for the formation of a syllable is the presence of one vowel.

To explain to your child the difference between vowels and consonants, invite them to sing them. It will be easy for him to stretch out “uuu”, “aah”, “uh”. But "k", "s", "t" will not work. If the baby tries to demonstrate to you how he sings the sound "r" or "n", ask him to listen to the singing. It turns out that in order to sing a consonant sound, you need to add a vowel to it (“we”, “we” and other options). This is what the syllable will be.

Learning to divide into syllables should be after the child learns the difference between vowels and consonants

Each syllable is one breath. It takes one breath of air to pronounce one syllable. And it is easy to feel this push of air if you follow the movement of your lips and chin. Show your child how your mouth moves for each syllable. Name the words (ko-ro-va, mea-so, stump, yu-la). Try to pronounce the syllables together, deliberately clearly and slowly articulating. Learn to count the syllables in the words you speak together.

When the child has learned all of the above, tell them that syllables are open and closed. Open syllables end in a vowel sound (ma-shi-na, ya-go-yes - all syllables are open here), and closed syllables end in a consonant (spruce, son, kar-man, lay-ner - all syllables are closed here). In one word, both open and closed syllables can occur (sailor, ship).

For someone, acquaintance with the division into syllables will take only one lesson, for someone it will take several. It all depends on the readiness of the child to master the material. Don't rush him. Let the process of cognition take more time, but be accompanied by joyful emotions.

Learning should be enjoyable: be kind and patient

When studying with preschool children, in order not to discourage learning, it is important to observe the measure: do no more than 10 minutes a day and in a playful way. Over time, classes can be taken up to half an hour. Students should also be given time to rest. One lesson should not last more than 30 minutes.

Video: a lesson for those who want to understand what syllables and stress are

Oral exercises to consolidate the skill of dividing words into syllables

The following exercises will help to visually demonstrate the topic:

1. Candle experiment. Light a candle. Sit opposite. Speak loudly, actively exhaling air, different words. For each syllable, the flame will waver. Count together the number of hesitation for each word. It will also be interesting for the child to invent words and count the number of syllables in them. Experiment: name short one-syllable words, and then come up with long ones that will make the flame oscillate many times.
2. Clap hands. Invite the boy or girl to clap their hands for each syllable in the word. Let the words compete, which of them will gather more applause.
3. We try by touch. Place a horizontally straightened hand under your chin. Let your little scientist do the same. Speak monosyllabic and multisyllabic words. For each syllable, the chin and mouth will move and the mouth will open.
4. Pedometer. Imagine that every step you take is one syllable. Say the words and step on each syllable. Ask your child how many steps it takes to say different words. Do the exercises with your child first. And then let him learn to use the step to measure the number of syllables on his own.
5. Young musician (builder, telegrapher). Try to mark each syllable with some sound (blow on the drum, knock of the hammer) that your child likes. How will the words sound?

To assimilate the material, give the child the opportunity to measure the syllables with steps, feel them with his hands and create his own unique melodies for each word.

Written exercises to consolidate the skill of dividing words into syllables

You need to train the skill in writing:

1. Suggest in words to place dots with a red pencil over the letters denoting vowel sounds. Count how many dots you get over each word. So many syllables in these words.
2. Try dividing the words into syllables by placing vertical lines with a pencil.

Do not confuse division into syllables with the rules of transfer, where other laws apply. When divided into syllables in the middle of a word, the syllable, as a rule, ends in a vowel sound, and the consonant (several consonants) go to the next syllable: pa-stukh, director. The exception is the sonorous sounds [th], [p], [p '], [l], [l '], [m], [m '], [n], [n ']: mi-ka, so- scrap, crust. Two identical consonants necessarily go to the next syllable: oh-tte-pel, yes-ny, ra-light.

Recently, various methods of early development have become increasingly popular. In principle, there is nothing wrong with them, but each case must be approached wisely. First of all, children must be ready for what you have in mind to teach them.

Secondly, not every technique is good, you should trust only options that have been proven over the years and generations. At the same time, we should not forget that learning is a kind of ladder, climbing one step leads to the need to overcome the next, the chain cannot be interrupted, and the acquisition of one skill must follow the acquisition of the previous one. Everyone who wants to engage in early reading with children is wondering how to teach a child to divide words into syllables.

From this article you will learn

The necessary conditions

If it seems to you that syllables are what we feel intuitively when pronouncing any words, you are very much mistaken. Firstly, not every adult is able to distinguish syllables correctly. Secondly, we acquire this skill by diligently studying with the teacher until we bring it to automatism.

Therefore, you should not demand outstanding results from children from the very first lesson. It will be a great success if you manage to explain to them what it is about at all.

To start learning syllables, you first need to get acquainted with the alphabet. And not just learn the names of the letters, but figure out which of them are vowels and which are consonants, what are their differences.

First steps

Many parents make the mistake of forcing their children to memorize the names of the letters, and not how they are actually pronounced. No teacher will say "thank you" for such preschool preparation. The fact is that most often children with such knowledge are much more than even those who have never met the alphabet.

The next step is learning to combine letters into syllables. Here it is necessary to immediately demonstrate how the bundle is pronounced, and not individual sounds. Let the child feel how the air is exhaled, what effect this produces, how different syllables can be: they consist of one letter, others of several.

How to explain to a child what a syllable is? It's quite difficult. Try to convey to him that this is one or a combination of sounds that require one push of air to pronounce, that is, a kind of exhalation through the mouth.

The best explanation is your own example. Try to use active articulation so that children can observe the movement of the lips, repeat them after you. Say the syllables together, come up with or find interesting rhymes from syllables or songs. Let learning be an exciting game.

Divide into syllables on your own

Self-division into syllables is a very difficult task. Do not rush the child and let him realize what is required of him. Here you can't do without a game. Let's look at several ways to identify syllables in a word.

First of all, we remind adults that there is always only one vowel in a syllable. However, it will be difficult for the child to start from this information when dividing. Therefore, we will deal with the methods used by teachers.

palms

The easiest way to identify syllables is to use your own palm. It must be placed under the chin parallel to the floor. The point is that when pronouncing a word, the chin will touch the hand exactly as many times as there are syllables in it.

Don't expect too much from your child. Start with the simplest words: ma-ma, pa-pa, etc. Then you can move on to three-syllable ones, for example, so-ba-ka. If the child is wrong, invite him to try again, let him determine where he was wrong.

Candle

This method is suitable for home learning, because it is difficult to imagine a whole class sitting in front of lit candles.

The meaning of the exercise is that when pronouncing a syllable, exhalation occurs. If you speak it in the direction of the candle, then the flame will flicker exactly as many times as there are exhalations, that is, syllables.

Don't forget about safety! Leaning too close to the fire is prohibited!

Claps and steps

If your kids don't like to sit still, these exercises are just right for them. The task is to step or clap each time a syllable is pronounced. At first, do everything together with the children, then ask them to act on their own. They will surely like it very much.

Sound effects

Don't limit yourself to just the above sounds. You can offer children, for example, to tap out syllables with small hammers, to arm them with the simplest musical instruments. The main task is for them to catch the sound rhythm, learn to understand what is required of them.

Written assignments

Older children can actively work not only by ear, but also with written words. To begin with, explain to them that as many vowels are in a word, there are as many sounds. Have them highlight all the vowels and count the syllables. If everything works out, you can proceed to the division of the word.

Remember that great results are achieved here with regular practice. Children should bring the division into syllables to automatism, then it will not cause them any difficulties.

If something doesn’t work out for a child, try not to scold him and just change the lesson or even postpone the development of a new topic for another time. Perhaps the baby is not yet ready to receive new knowledge and skills.