What are nouns in the initial form. Initial form of a noun: examples. Animated and inanimate

Russian language . 2nd grade

Developmental education system L.V. Zankova.

Lesson topic: The initial form of a noun. Consolidation.

Target: To consolidate the students’ acquired knowledge on the topic: “Initial form of nouns.”

Tasks:

1- To develop the ability to determine the initial form of nouns in the process of performing practical tasks, construct monologue statements, participate in dialogue, and simply justify the expressed judgment.

2 - Develop mental operations (classification, analysis, synthesis), attention, memory, speech, creativity, self-esteem and self-control skills.

3 - To develop environmental awareness by paying special attention to human interaction with the environment.

Planned results:

Regulatory

– adequately perceive the assessment of your work by teachers and comrades;

– take a role in educational collaboration;

– mobilize strength to overcome obstacles;

– control and evaluate your actions in collaboration with the teacher and classmates

Communication

The student will have the opportunity to learn:

– choose adequate speech means in dialogue with the teacher and classmates;

– accept other opinions and positions;

– formulate your own opinion and position;

– construct statements that are understandable to your partner;

Cognitive:

Answer simple and complex questions from the teacher, ask questions yourself, find the necessary information in the textbook.

Personal

The student will have the opportunity to form:

– interest in subject-research activities proposed in the textbook and teaching aids;

– a positive attitude towards Russian language classes and school;

– orientation towards understanding the suggestions and assessments of teachers and peers;

– understanding the reasons for academic success;

– assessments of classmates based on specified criteria for the success of educational activities;

Equipment: Nechaeva N.V. Russian language: textbook for 2nd grade. Samara: Publishing House "Educational Literature": Publishing House "Fedorov", 2012; handouts, letter.

During the classes

Lesson steps

Teacher activities

Student activities

1.Organizational moment (1 min)

We stood up and straightened up.

Our vacation ends
The work begins.
We will work hard
To learn something.

Sit down.

Greetings from the teachers.

2.Update (3min)

3. Consolidation (17 min)

Guys, we received a letter from the fabulous country of Rech, the city of Part of Rech. But who sent this letter is unknown. Maybe the answer is hidden inside the letter?

I read the letter to you, and you listen carefully.

“I am the most representative part of speech. Almost every second word in our language is me. I give names to all objects, phenomena, events, abstract concepts, human states and answer the questions who? What?

Guys, guess my name."

What else do you know about a noun?

Write down the number and great job.

The noun has prepared several tasks for us.

1. Calligraphy.

Look at the words written on the board: suit, blizzard, joy, holiday.

Write down the words in your notebook, maintaining the same height of lowercase letters, correct slant, and correct connections.

2. Vocabulary and spelling work.

What part of speech do these words belong to?

What does each noun mean?

Find vocabulary words.

What do all these words have in common?

What is the form of a noun called if it is in singular? number and answers the question who? or what?

Draw conclusions about the written nouns.

They are listening.

Noun.

A noun has a gender, can be animate, inanimate, proper, popular, and varies by number and case.

Write down the words.

All these words are nouns.

person's clothing.
A complete set of men's or women's clothing. Blizzard - snow storm.Joy is a feeling of pleasure, inner satisfaction. A holiday is a day of celebration established in honor or in memory of someone or something.

TOO suit, prazd Nick.

Names Nouns, inanimate, in singular. number, common nouns.

Initial form.

All these nouns are in the initial form.

4. Physical exercise (1 min)

If we’ve worked hard, let’s rest, Let’s get up and take a deep breath.

Hands to the sides, forward, left, right turn. Three bends, stand up straight.

Raise your arms up and down.

Hands slowly lowered,

They brought smiles to everyone.

Walking in place

Sighs

Hands to the side

Left, right turn

Tilts

Raising your arms up

Lowering hands.

5. Consolidation (17 min)

Read the text. Tell me, what is it about? Title it. Rewrite. Label the nouns in their initial form.

(Wolf's hole)

Dawn has arrived. The wolf approached the aspen tree. Each tree stood out clearly. Now the sun has risen. The snow sparkled and shimmered all around. During a strong storm, a tall pine tree was uprooted. A deep hole has formed. At the bottom there were old leaves and moss. There lived a she-wolf with her cubs.

Wolf's hole.

Dawn, wolf, to the aspen tree - aspen tree, tree, sun, snow, storms - storm, pine-pine, hole, leaves, moss, wolf.

6. Lesson summary.

Reflection (5min)

What lesson topic did we work on?

- What caused the difficulty?

- What did you find interesting?

We worked well in class today.

Lesson grades:

Ruslana - 4

Polina S. - 5

Rodion - 5

Margarita - 4

Angelina P. - 5

Ivan - 5

The initial form of a noun. It was difficult to title the text. The noun tasks were interesting.

7. Homework (1 min)

At home, complete the task on the cards. Form the initial form of the noun:

In the woods -

with books -

about spring -
gardens –
without a doubt -
in boots -
without scissors -
several days -

Accept the learning task.

The initial form of a noun is... and got the best answer

Answer from Marina Petrova[guru]
1) for nouns used in singular units. and many more number, initial form - Im. p.un. h, house
2) for nouns that have ONLY units. h., initial form-Im. p.un. h, kindness
3) for nouns that have ONLY plural. h., initial form-Im. p.m. h, sleigh. (taken from the Internet)

Answer from Elena Tkach[guru]
nominative case, singular.

Answer from Vsevolod Legotkin[guru]
In the nominative case.

Answer from Marina[newbie]
Changing a noun by cases and numbers is called

Answer from JOFIA ***[active]
Morphological analysis of “vineyard”:
Vineyard
The meaning of the word "vineyard"
(3 synonyms)
Phonetic analysis of “vineyard”
Initial form: VINEYARD
Part of speech: Noun
Grammar: Nominative, singular, masculine, inanimate
Parsing
Word formsGrammar analysis (grammar)
vineyards noun, nominative case, singular, masculine, inanimate
noun, accusative case, singular, masculine, inanimate
vineyard noun, genitive, singular, masculine, inanimate
vineyard noun, dative, singular, masculine, inanimate
vineyard noun, instrumental case, singular, masculine, inanimate
vineyard noun, prepositional case, singular, masculine, inanimate
vineyards noun, nominative case, plural, masculine, inanimate
noun, accusative, plural, masculine, inanimate
vineyard noun, genitive, plural, masculine, inanimate
vineyards noun, dative, plural, masculine, inanimate
vineyards noun, instrumental case, plural, masculine, inanimate
vineyardname noun, prepositional case, plural, masculine, inanimate
Parsing parts of speech
Next, let's look at the morphological characteristics of each part of speech in the Russian language using examples. According to the linguistics of the Russian language, there are three groups of 10 parts of speech, based on common characteristics:
1. Independent parts of speech:
nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
Verbs:
participles;
participles;
adjectives;
numerals;
pronouns;
adverbs;
2. Functional parts of speech:
prepositions;
unions;
particles;
3. Interjections.
The following do not fall into any of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language:
the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.
Morphological analysis of a noun
initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
proper or common noun;
animate or inanimate;
gender (m, f, avg.);
number (singular, plural);
declination;
case;
syntactic role in a sentence.
Complete morphological analysis of the noun. Definition of grammatical categories, online.
Plan for morphological analysis of a noun
Example:
"The baby drinks milk."
Baby (answers the question who?) – noun;
initial form - baby;
constant morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
inconsistent morphological features: nominative case, singular;
when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of subject.
Morphological analysis of the word “milk” (answers the question of whom? What?).
initial form – milk;
constant morphological characteristics of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, II declension;
variable morphological features: accusative case, singular;
direct object in the sentence.
Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:
"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (Example from: “Luzhin’s Defense”, Vladimir Nabokov)."
Ladies (who?) - noun;
initial form - queen;
constant morphologically

what is the initial form of a noun

Russian language
MORPHOLOGY
3. Noun
Definition.
A noun is an independent part of speech that denotes an object and answers the questions who? What? (whom? what? to whom? to what? etc.).
Signs.
The initial form of a noun is the nominative singular.
Constant features: proper or common noun, animate or inanimate, gender, declension.
Inconstant signs: case, number.
Syntactic role.
In a sentence, a noun can act as:
subject, for example: Nature was waiting for winter (A. Pushkin).
additions, for example: Gerasim took up the spoon again and continued to slurp the cabbage soup (I. Turgenev);
predicate, for example: Moscow is the capital of Russia;
definitions, for example: There were jars of berry jam on the shelves;
circumstances, for example: If desired, you can achieve great success;
appeals, for example: I love you, life.
Own and common nouns.
There are common nouns and proper nouns.
Common nouns are common names for all homogeneous objects and phenomena, for example: textbook, table, theater, stage, person.
In order to distinguish any individual object from such a group of homogeneous objects, it is given a special, individual name. For example, each person has his own first name, patronymic and last name, which serve to distinguish this person from the mass.
Thus, proper nouns are individual names of individuals, individual objects. Proper nouns include:
names, patronymics, surnames of people (Demina Anastasia Grigorievna, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin),
geographical names (Russia, Moscow, Volga, Myzino village, Caspian Sea, Ural),
names of literary works (The Captain's Daughter, Chapaev and Emptiness, Robinson Crusoe),
historical events (Battle of Poltava, Great Patriotic War, Borodino),
paintings (Major's Matchmaking, Barge Haulers on the Volga, Troika),
films (Midshipmen, forward!, Carnival night, Big break),
performances (Wolves and Sheep, The Cherry Orchard, Woe from Wit),
enterprises (Red October, Rostelecom),
animal names (Sharik, Jack, Polkan),
varieties and brands of products (Efes beer, Oleina butter, Zhiguli car), etc.
Proper names can consist of one word (Don, Maria, Kyiv) or several words (Nizhny Novgorod, Milky Way). In the second case, such combinations act as one member of the sentence, for example: Nizhny Novgorod is one of the oldest Russian cities.
As a rule, proper names are used in the form of only one number - singular or plural. In addition, in some cases, proper names can turn into common nouns, and vice versa. For example, the name of the character in Goncharov’s famous work Oblomov has become a household name: Oblomovs are now called lazy, weak-willed people devoid of any interests.
As a rule, proper names are written with a capital letter. And the titles of books, names of newspapers, magazines, paintings, films, performances, theaters, plants, factories, ships, etc. are not only written with a capital letter, but also enclosed in quotation marks, for example: Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper, Sovremennik theater, movie And the dawns here are quiet... .
Animated and inanimate.
There are animate and inanimate nouns.
Animate nouns name people, animals, i.e. living beings, they answer the question who?, for example: man, brother, dog, kitten, rooster, moth, worm. In most cases, masculine and feminine nouns are animate, and animate noun
The initial form of a noun is Nominative case, singular.
The initial form of a noun is Nominative case, singular.
thanks sister it helped
This is a noun In the singular form In the nominative case... For example, (satisfied with) the answer - the initial form for the noun is ANSWER...
Thanks for the help
NOminative CASE, SINGULAR
This is the Nominative case singular.
Nominative case
Nominative case, singular.
Oscar Bagamanov why did you copy it?
Vineyard
Meaning of the word vineyard

(3 synonyms)
Initial form: VINEYARD

Parsing

Verbs:
participles;
participles;
adjectives;
numerals;
pronouns;
adverbs;
2. Functional parts of speech:
prepositions;
unions;
particles;
3. Interjections.

gender (m, f, avg.);
number (singular, plural);
declination;
case;

"The baby drinks milk."
initial form baby;

initial form milk;

the initial form is lady;
constant morpholo
d j Morphological analysis of the vineyard:
Vineyard
Meaning of the word vineyard
(3 synonyms)
Phonetic analysis of the vineyard
Initial form: VINEYARD
Part of speech: Noun
Grammar: Nominative, singular, masculine, inanimate
Parsing
Word formsGrammar analysis (grammar)
vineyards noun, nominative case, singular, masculine, inanimate
noun, accusative, singular, masculine, inanimate
vineyard noun, genitive, singular, masculine, inanimate
vineyard noun, dative, singular, masculine, inanimate
vineyard noun, instrumental case, singular, masculine, inanimate
vineyard noun, prepositional case, singular, masculine, inanimate
vineyards noun, nominative case, plural, masculine, inanimate
noun, accusative, plural, masculine, inanimate
vineyard noun, genitive, plural, masculine, inanimate
vineyards noun, dative, plural, masculine, inanimate
vineyards noun, instrumental case, plural, masculine, inanimate
vineyardsname noun, prepositional case, plural, masculine, inanimate
1. Independent parts of speech:
nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
Verbs:
participles;
participles;
adjectives;
numerals;
pronouns;
adverbs;
2. Functional parts of speech:
prepositions;
unions;
particles;
3. Interjections.
The following do not fall into any of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language:
the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.
Morphological analysis of a noun
initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
proper or common noun;
animate or inanimate;
gender (m, f, avg.);
number (singular, plural);
declination;
case;
syntactic role in a sentence.
Complete morphological analysis of the noun. Definition of grammatical categories, online.
Plan for morphological analysis of a noun
"The baby drinks milk."
Baby (answers the question who?) noun;
initial form baby;
constant morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
inconsistent morphological features: nominative case, singular;
when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of subject.
Morphological analysis of the word milk (answers the question of whom? What?).
initial form milk;
constant morphological characteristics of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, II declension;
variable morphological features: accusative case, singular;
direct object in the sentence.
Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:
“Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (Example from: Luzhin’s Defense, Vladimir Nabokov).”
Ladies (who?) noun;
the initial form is lady;
constant morpholo
the initial form is I. p. singular
The initial form of a noun can be determined if you put it in the singular, and questions will help you: what to do? what to do?
Great
Law is a value, it is associated with morality, regulates our behavior, determines the measure of freedom, and is associated with laws and the state.
A law is a normative act adopted by the highest body of state power in the manner prescribed by the constitution. Has supreme legal force in relation to other normative acts (decrees, regulations, etc.). The main source of law in modern society.
Responsibility is a moral requirement when it acts as a person’s duty, as a task assigned to him
this is the unit h., I. p.

Russian language lesson notes. 3rd grade.

Teacher: Fedotova N.K.

Lesson topic: Initial form of a noun.

The purpose of the lesson : introduce the concept - the initial form of nouns.

Planned student achievements:1. Consolidation of knowledge about nouns.

2. Show that noun. in units number that answers the question

Who? What? - this is a noun. in its initial form.

3. Development of spelling vigilance, formation

Good writing skills.

4. Development of calligraphy skills.

5. Consolidating the ability to work with proposals.

6. Development of speech, attention, memory, skills

Analyze, draw conclusions.

Equipment : an envelope with a letter from the country of Speech, the textbook “Russian Language. 3rd grade" (author Polyakova A.V.), notebook, computer, interactive board.

During the classes.

Motivation for learning activities.

Target:

Involving students in educational activities at a personally significant level.
Determining the content framework of the lesson.
Updating the requirements for the student from educational activities.

The lesson motto appears on the interactive board:

Get to work in a good mood!

Teacher:

Read the wish for today's lesson.

How do you understand it? (Student: when you get to work in a good mood, everything works out)

What do you learn in any lesson? (Student: learning to learn)

Remind me what this means? (Student: learning is understanding what I don’t know and constructing a way to find out myself.)

What did we study in previous lessons?)

Today we continue to work on the topic "Word composition. Ending." Get ready for work.

Shake hands and wish each other good luck.

2. Updating knowledge and fixing difficulties in a trial action.

Target:

1) update the idea of calligraphy skill;

2) update the ability to distinguish parts of speech;

3) updating the ability to classify nouns according to their meaning;

4) organize recording of the educational goal and topic of the lesson;

5) organize the implementation of a trial action and fixation of the difficulty;

6) organize an analysis of the responses received.

Organization of educational activities at stage 1.

Teacher : Guys, we received a letter from the fabulous country of Rech, the city of Part of Rech. But who sent this letter is unknown. Maybe the answer is hidden inside the letter?

The teacher opens the letter and one of the students reads the letter:

Guys, guess my name."

Students guess the name. (Noun)

Teacher: What else do you know about a noun?

(Student: a noun has a gender, can be animate, inanimate, proper, adjective, changes according to numbers, according to questions.)

Teacher : The noun has prepared several tasks for us.

1. Calligraphy.

(The teacher opens the words written in advance on the board: sparrow, blizzard, fun, wind.)

Teacher : Read the words, what common theme are they united by?

Write down the letters and words in your notebook, maintaining the same height of lowercase letters, the correct slope, and the correct connections.

(Students write down the words.)

2. Vocabulary and spelling work.

What part of speech do these words belong to? (Student: nouns)
What does each noun mean? Match the word with its meaning.

(Students match words with cards: object, phenomenon, human condition.)

Find vocabulary words (Students: sparrow, wind).
Find words with the same spelling (Students: blizzard, fun).
What do all these words have in common? (Students: singular nouns, common nouns.)
Draw conclusions about the written nouns. (Students: all these nouns answer the questions who? what?)

Read the lines from T. Zumakulova’s poem. How do you understand them? Having forgotten my native language, I will become numb. Having lost Russian, I will become deaf. .(Each student who gives the correct answer receives a card with a question.)

Organization of educational activities at stage 2.

Teacher.

Where will we start our lesson? (Students: from repetition)

Why are we going to repeat it? (Students: we need this to discover new things).

Now, guys, to whom I distributed the cards, read the tasks in the order they appear.

What is the main part of the word? (Student: root.)
What do we call a suffix? (Student: a variable part of a word that serves to form new related words.)
What do we call a prefix? (Student: the variable part of the word that comes before the root and serves to form new related words.)
Why is it necessary to distinguish between prefixes and prepositions? (Student: for correct spelling)
What do we call ending?

3. Identifying the location and causes of the difficulty.

Target:

1) identify and record the location and cause of the difficulty. Organization of educational activities at stage 3.

Standard check. Game "Grammar Lotto".

The Noun invites us to play grammar lotto in order to repeat the change of nouns by questions. (Working with the textbook: p. 70, exercise 121).
Compose and write down sentences with the word pine so that it answers the questions what? what? about what?

What do we know about pine? (Student: pine is an evergreen coniferous tree. The pine has a straight, cone-shaped trunk, reaching a height of forty meters.)

Physical education minute.

4. Construction of a project for getting out of the difficulty.

Target: 1) agree and record the purpose and topic of the lesson.Organization of educational activities at stage 4.

Work on the text (Ex. 123).

The student reads the assignment for the exercise.

Children write in notebooks, and the teacher writes on the board:

For mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, about mushrooms.

What are these words?(Student: nouns)
What do they have in common? (Student: root)
What is the difference? (Student: word composition)
Sort out the words according to their composition.
Name a noun that answers the question what?

5. Implementation of the constructed project. Target:1) organize commutative interaction in order to implement the constructed project aimed at acquiring the missing knowledge.Organization of educational activities at stage 5.

The teacher names the topic of the lesson -Initial form.

Read the rule on page 71.

If words differ from each other only in their endings, then they cannot be called the same root. This is just a change in the form of the same word.

7. Self-monitoring with self-testing.

Target:

1) be able to use rules to determine the forms of words, work on the meaning of phraseological units.

Organization of educational activities at stage 7.

Teacher: M You've worked well together, now do exercise 124 on your own.

Assignment for the exercise.

Write down the forms of wordstraveler, steppe, night, prey.
Select endings.

3.Select phraseological units by meaning: Great fatigue. - Fall off your feet.

Examination.

Traveler, travelers, travelers. Steppe. steppe.Night, at night. Extraction, extraction, extraction.

8. Inclusion in the knowledge system and repetition. Target:1) train the ability to identify nouns in the initial form.

Organization of educational activities at stage 8.

Put the nouns in the initial form: lions, fox, elephants,

dogs, cats.

9. Reflection on learning activities in the lesson.

Target:

1) organize self-assessment by students of their own learning activities in the classroom;

2) correlate the goal and result of one’s educational activities and record the degree of their compliance;

3) determine and agree on your homework.

Organization of educational activities at stage 9.

Teacher.

What was the purpose of our lesson? (Student: show that singular nouns that answer the question who? and what? are nouns in the initial form.).

Have you achieved your goal? Prove it.

Sections: Primary School

Class: 3

Lesson objectives:

Learn to recognize a noun in speech, form the grammatical concept of “subject”, learn to pose questions and highlight the entire complex of grammatical features,
determine the initial form of a noun.
To develop the intellectual abilities of students: speech, thinking, attention, imagination, observation.
Cultivate interest in the Russian language.

Teaching methods: problem-search method.

Forms of cognitive activity of students: a combination of frontal work with group and individual work.

Teaching aids: Russian language: Textbook for grade 3, part 2. Nechaeva N.V., Yakovleva S.G., tape recorder for physical training.

1. Organizational moment. Checking readiness for the lesson, creating positive motivation.

2. Penmanship with updating knowledge.

On the desk.

A name is given to everything - both the beast and the object,
There are plenty of things around,
But there are no nameless ones.
And all that the eye can see is
Above us and below us
And all that is in our memory is
Signified by words.

The letter that we will write in the penmanship minute is in the first sentence of the noun. It means a dull unpaired sound that is always soft. (sch)

schschschschschschschschsch:..

Identify the pattern and continue.

3. Visual-auditory dictation of the poem.

4. Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson. Motivation for students' learning activities.

Find all the nouns in this poem. Determine their gender and number. What form should a word be in to determine gender and number? (initial) What form of nouns is called initial? (Textbook, p.4)

You found nouns: name, beast, object, thing, eye, memory, word. A noun denotes an object. But is the name an object? Is memory an object?

5. Primary assimilation of new knowledge. Work on the concept of objectivity of a noun.

Exercise No. 276.

Read the poem. How will you answer the questions asked?

Everything I see around me
These are all items.
Told me today
Grandfather about this.
Well, is rain an object?
- No.
Well, is a rainbow an object?
- No.
Everything related to the weather
There are natural phenomena.
And my favorite subject is
This is grandma's buffet.
There are such things there
Like cookies and candy.
(I. Naumova)

Find in the poem nouns that name: specific objects, persons and natural phenomena. Write them down in initial form.

Specific items: item, buffet, cookie, candy;

Persons: grandfather;

Natural phenomena: rain, rainbow, weather, natural phenomenon.

The concept of “subject” in grammar and the concept of “subject” in everyday life do not coincide. In Russian, objects are words that answer the questions: who? What? and have grammatical features - number and gender. What other grammatical features do nouns have? (animate and inanimate, common noun and proper)

What part of speech is the word run? How to determine? What does it mean? What questions does it answer?

6. Physical exercise.

I gra "Say the word." Children name words and depict representatives of each profession.

Drives the tractor -: (tractor driver),
Electric train -: (driver),
Will paint the walls -: (painter),
Planed the board -: (carpenter),
He brought the light into the house -: (fitter),
Working in the mine: (miner),
In a hot forge - : (blacksmith),
Who knows everything -: (well done).

7. Work on the topic of the lesson. Work in groups. An exercise in recognizing nouns. Observation of nouns.

Exercise No. 278.

Discuss how related words are formed. Write only nouns on a line.

Is it possible to change the gender of nouns? What about the form of the number? Which one of these grammatical features at the noun constant, Which - fickle, can it change?

End, tip, ending, ending.

What are the grammatical features of nouns? Which sign is constant? Which one can change?

8. Consolidation of what has been learned. Letter from memory.

How to determine that a word is a noun? All you have to do is ask questions and find out what the word means? Here's the word - walking or yellowness. What does the word mean? walking? Action. Is it possible to determine the gender and number of this word? Walking is mine, f.r., unit. This word has the grammatical meaning of objectivity. What does the word yellow mean? Sign. Let's try to determine the gender and number, yellowness - zh.r, singular. And this word has the grammatical meaning of objectivity.

In russian language objects name words that answer the questions: who? What? and have grammatical features - number and gender.