On December 14, 2016, 7th year Nakhimov students under the leadership of the head of the course, captain 2nd rank Borshchev S.V. and teacher of captain 2nd rank Leontovich O.V. visited the Department of Navigation and Operation of Marine Navigation Aids of the Navigation and Hydrographic Faculty of the Naval Institute (Naval) VUNTS Navy "VMA".
The lesson was conducted by teachers from the Department of Navigation and Operation of Marine Navigation Aids. During the lesson, the children were shown the Rigel training class, in which cadets practice dead reckoning of a ship in different ways under different conditions. The laboratory of marine celestial navigation was shown, where Nakhimov residents were told about ways to determine the location of a ship by celestial bodies. Our students also visited the department’s planetarium, where they were shown a short educational video “Stars of the Sky of the Northern Hemisphere.” At the end of the lesson, the guys got acquainted with the living conditions of 1st year cadets at the Naval Institute.
I would like to express my deep gratitude to the officers of the Department of Navigation and Operation of Marine Navigation Aids
Navigation and Hydrographic Faculty of the Naval Institute VUNTS Navy "VMA" for interesting and
educational lesson organized and conducted for our Nakhimov residents.
The training of hydrographic officers at the Naval Academy has been carried out since its creation in 1827. But then hydrography was not singled out as a discipline; it was read in the navigation section. The Department of Military Hydrography and Oceanography is considered to be one of the oldest departments of the Academy: it arose in 1862, when classes began on October 21 in three departments of the Academic Course of Marine Sciences, including hydrographic. Over the years, the hydrographic department was headed by V. I. Vilkitsky, N. B. Zhdanko, E. L. Byalokoz, Yu. M. Shokalsky. The duration of training was 2 years. Classes began on September 1 and ended on May 1. Reception was carried out once every 2 years. Lectures were given on astronomy, geodesy, hydrography and meteorology, shipbuilding theory, optics and lighthouse lighting systems. Over the 15-year period of its existence (1862-1877), 86 officers graduated from the academic course of marine sciences, among whom were hydrographers, which, given the scale of the fleet, was a great contribution to personnel training.
On January 28, 1877, the Academic Course of Marine Sciences was renamed the Nikolaev Maritime Academy. There were 10 students at that time in the hydrographic department (in the mechanical department - 8, in the shipbuilding department - 3).
Hydrographic education at the academy was continuously improved and made it possible to train highly qualified hydrographic officers for the fleet at each time stage.
In the development of hydrographic science, a major role was played by the largest hydrographers A. I. Vilkitsky, M. E. Zhdanko, and especially E. L. Byalokoz, who graduated from the hydrographic department of the academy in 1888 and became the first certified head of the Hydrographic Department in Soviet times. Arctic explorer A.I. Vilkitsky graduated from the hydrographic department in 1880, in 1907-1913. was the head of the Main Hydrographic Directorate.
The hydrographic department of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy graduated from F. F. Wrangel, E. V. Maydel, M. A. Rykachev, I. P. De-Kolong, N. B. Spindler, Yu. M. Shokalsky, N. N. Matusevich, N. N. Zubov. In 1908, he was invited to work, and in 1910, oceanographer Yu. M. Shokalsky was elected professor at the Academy. He lectured on physical geography, meteorology and oceanography for more than 20 years, and in 1920-1921. was the head of the hydrographic department.
Academy student during shipboard practice on the bridge of the training ship "Komsomolets".
In August 1921, classes at the academy were interrupted, all students and teachers were subjected to the so-called “filtration”, after which out of 12 people admitted to the hydrographic department in 1920, only 4 remained (A.P. Belobrov, L.A. Demin, P. A. Domogarov, D. N. Ikonnikov). In 1923, departments at the academy were renamed faculties. Over the years, the Hydrographic Faculty was headed by Yu. M. Shokalsky (1920-1924), N. A. Sakellari (1924-1932), A. D. Kozlov (1932-1937, 1938-1939, 1948-1960 .), A. I. Kholodnyak (1937-1938), I. N. Kolbin (1939-1941), N. N. Markin (1941-1944), N. Yu. Rybaltovsky ( 1944-1948), R. T. Pashentsev (1960).
On February 4, 1924, the first graduation of Soviet hydrographers with academic education took place. Among the graduates were A. P. Belobrov, D. N. Ikonnikov, L. A. Demin, P. A. Domogarov and V. V. Shavrov. Belobrov's name was put on a marble plaque. All graduates who had a higher education were enrolled in the senior command staff of the fleet. In 1927, on the steamship "Decembrist", hydrographic students made the passage from Leningrad to Canada (port of Quebec) and back, during which they carried out extensive oceanographic and hydrographic research.
Subsequently, the academy's students constantly made long voyages and participated in scientific expeditions, enriching domestic hydrographic science with new data about the World Ocean. Since 1926, some graduates began to be sent for 2 years to the Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, where they took a special course in higher geodesy and astronomy, and upon completion of the internship they received the title of hydrographer-geodesist.
In 1929, the departments of hydrography and hydrometeorology were created at the academy. The Department of Hydrography was headed by Vice Admiral N. N. Matusevich, Professor, Doctor of Astronomy and Geodesy, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1944), the Department of Hydrometeorology - Yu. M. Shokalsky. In 1930, students of the hydrographic specialty K. Z. Veim, N. N. Markin, N. F. Moroz, V. A. Petrov, N. A. Rezvyakov and B. I. Shamshur under the guidance of teacher A. N. Rozhdestvensky on the motor ship "Adzharia" we made the transition from Leningrad to Odessa around Europe. During this voyage, unique material was collected on the navigation equipment of the navigation area, its hydrographic and hydrometeorological features. In 1937, on the hydrographic vessels “Okean” and “Okhotsk”, students and teachers from Murmansk moved to Vladivostok along the Northern Sea Route. The head of the department V.A. Berezkin, senior teachers A.D. Kozlov and N.Yu. Rybaltovsky, students N.V. Volkov, I.A. Egorychev and V.M. Nikitin took part in the hike. The following year, on the training ship “Svir”, under the leadership of N. Yu. Rybaltovsky, students sailed from Leningrad to Murmansk.
Observation of students at the meteorological site of the academy.
In 1931, the department of sea fencing was formed (later the department of theater navigation fencing) under the direction of N. N. Struisky, who at that time was also working as the head of sea fencing of the Hydrographic Directorate. In 1935, the department was abolished, and the disciplines included in it were transferred to the Department of Hydrography.
For the compilation of a synoptic map.
In 1935, the Department of Geodesy and Astronomy was established; to staff it, part of the teaching staff was transferred from the Department of Hydrography. The new department was headed by Rear Admiral V.V. Kavraisky, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences. In total, before the start of the Great Patriotic War, 142 officers graduated from the academy in the hydrographic and navigating specialty. Academy graduates occupied all key positions in the hydrographic services of the fleets and in the Main Hydrographic Directorate. In the pre-war years, hydrographic work was carried out in all the seas washing the country and in inland waters.
During the Great Patriotic War, the hydrographic department trained 69 officers, of whom N. F. Gonchar, K. N. Musatov, A. N. Nikitin, B. Yu. Yashin and V. F. Yarosevich subsequently received admiral ranks, S. S. Matveev became a Doctor of Science, and S. A. Lukonin became a laureate of the Stalin Prize, 1st degree. At the Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Weapons, created in 1945. A. N. Krylov created a hydrographic faculty, which included 4 departments: the department of hydrography was headed by S. M. Lukin (1950-1956), ship navigation and navigation instruments - N. N. Matusevich (1945-1947) and P P. Skorodumov (1952-1958), geodesy and astronomy - V. V. Kavraisky (1945-1948) and S. M. Lukin (1949-1955), hydrometeorology - V. A. Berezkin ( 1945-1946), V.V. Shuleikin (1946-1947) and V.A. Snezhinsky (1947-1952). In 1949, the Department of Navigation Instruments (N.I. Sigachev) arose, which in 1956 became part of the Department of Military Navigation. In 1955, the Department of Geodesy and Astronomy was included in the Department of Hydrography and it never existed separately again.
In 1956, the Department of Radio Navigation Aids and Theater Navigation Equipment was formed (V.P. Grek), where teachers were transferred from the Department of Hydrography and the abolished Department of Navigation Instruments.
In 1958, this department was renamed the Department of Theater Navigation Equipment and Radio Navigation Aids. However, when the command and engineering academies were merged in 1960, this department was disbanded. The Department of Hydrometeorology in 1952 was renamed the Department of Oceanography and Meteorology (V. A. Snezhinsky).
Head of the Department of Geodesy and Astronomy, Professor, Engineer-Captain 1st Rank V.V. Kavraiskgyi conducts practical classes with students of the Academy at the Pulkovo Observatory.
In 1956, she became part of the department of military navigation. But the transformation did not end there. In 1958, on the basis of the departments of military navigation and hydrography, the department of military hydrography and ship navigation was created (V. A. Snezhinsky). The following year, the departments of military hydrography (I. A. Barshai) and oceanography (V. A. Snezhinsky) were formed on its basis. In 1945-1960 V. P. Grek, E. P. Churov, F. S. Pavlov, V. S. Zyabrev, A. V. Kershakov trained and defended their candidate dissertations at the Department of Hydrography.
The Department of Military Hydrography and Oceanography, the name of which has survived to this day, was formed in I960 as a result of the merger of the Departments of Military Hydrography and Oceanography. The department was headed by V. A. Snezhinsky, rear admiral, Doctor of Naval Sciences, professor. His scientific work “Practical Oceanography” received particular fame, for which he was awarded the gold medal named after F. P. Litke (1954). In 1964, I.V. Yukhov became the head of the department, and then until 1968 - Rear Admiral L.A. Demin, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, professor, laureate of the USSR State Prize. For a complex of scientific research on the seas of the Far East, Demin was awarded the gold medal named after F. P. Litke.
From 1974 to 1989, the department was headed by A. I. Sorokin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. In 1977, he was awarded the title of Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR; in 1979 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, specializing in oceanology. In 1986, he was awarded the USSR State Prize for his research into the Arctic Ocean, and in 1988, he was awarded the gold medal named after F.P. Litke for his book “Marine Cartography.”
In the 80s scientists of the department developed new textbooks and teaching aids, including “Hydrometeorological support of the Navy” (1984), “Navigation and hydrographic support of the Navy” (1986), etc. Scientists of the department participated in the preparation of governing documents of the Navy, carried out complex relevant scientific research for the fleet, carried out public work in the Russian Geographical Society. For example, in 1993, the department carried out work on the topic “Development of combat documents on the organization of navigation, hydrographic and hydrometeorological support in operations and combat operations of fleet forces.” Based on the materials of this work, in 1995, the “Methodological Guide to the Development and Registration of Combat Documents for the Hydrographic Service of the Navy” was published.
Captains 1st rank S.G. Mikavtadze and A.I. Poddubny, captains 2nd rank S.A. Bobkov and V.P. Lyubimtsev participated in the creation of the manual. In 1997, the department carried out an initiative research work “Ways to improve the training of hydrographic officers at the Naval Academy.” The main provisions of this work became the basis of new curricula and programs.
In 1989, the head of the department was Captain 1st Rank A.I. Poddubny, who was replaced in 1992 by Captain 1st Rank S.G. Mikavtadze, and subsequently by Captain 1st Rank A.E. Potashko, who graduated from the academy in 1996 with gold medal. In 2000, a doctoral dissertation was defended by a specialist in the field of applied research of methods for collecting and processing hydrographic information, Captain 1st Rank E. S. Zubchenko. In 1961 he graduated from the Higher Naval School. M.V. Frunze, and in 1972 - the Naval Academy. Participated in testing a prototype of an automated system for collecting hydrographic information, in planning and conducting an experiment on processing the magnetic field survey method. Author of the monographs “Fundamentals of Automation in Mapping the World Ocean” (1979), “Use of Aerial Photography Materials to Determine Depths by Photometric Method” (1984), “Coordinate Referencing of Bottom Points in Scanning Surveys of Marine Waters” (2000), etc.
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor A. I. Poddubny (left) and Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher E. S. Zubchenko. 2004
When reforming naval education, new problems arose in the training of hydrographic officers. In this regard, scientists of the department created modern teaching aids, such as “Topogeodetic support for the Navy” (1990, V.P. Lyubimtsev and others), “Navigation and hydrographic support for combat operations of naval forces” (1990, A. I. Poddubny and others), “Methods of mathematical statistics in hydrography” (1991, A. I. Poddubny), “Theory and methods for studying sea and ocean theaters of military operations” (1993, O. P. Smirnov) , “Fundamentals of phototopographic survey” (1996, S.I. Ulyanov), “Methods and means of hydrographic research” (1999, V.I. Panov), “Mathematical modeling and automation of control processes for navigation-hydrographic and hydrometeorological systems provision" (1999, S.P. Demin), etc.
In total, since 1960, the department has trained 260 students in the main course (16 people graduated from the academy with honors and a gold medal), more than 60 foreign officers from 11 countries, and 114 people in Academic courses. Many graduates of the Department of Military Hydrography and Oceanography subsequently held high leadership positions and made significant contributions to the study of the World Ocean. Among them are 38 generals and admirals, 2 academicians and 2 corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 6 laureates of state prizes; 6 people were awarded the gold medal named after F. P. Litke, 26 became doctors of science and professors. More than 30 ships and vessels were named after hydrographers - graduates and teachers of the academy.
Now the department has teachers with extensive experience and broad erudition, competent in their fields of knowledge. Professor A. I. Poddubny has almost 30 years of teaching experience, and Associate Professor S. G. Mikavtadze has more than 20 years of teaching experience. For success in scientific and pedagogical activities, the names of I. V. Yukhov, N. I. Egorov, I. V. Sidorenko, A. I. Sorokin, G. A. Nikitin and A. I. Poddubny are included in the Historical Journal of the Academy. The training system that has developed at the department to date meets modern requirements and is focused on training highly qualified personnel for the hydrographic service of the Navy.
AKHMATOV Viktor Viktorovich (1875-1934)
Astronomer and geodesist, teacher, professor (1927), actual state councilor, chairman of the Russian Astronomical Society. After graduating from St. Petersburg University, he remained with it for scientific and pedagogical activities. In 1899-1901 participated in temperature measurements on Spitsbergen. In 1902 he was engaged in hydrographic work on Lake Baikal, then on the White Sea. In 1907, he carried out hydrographic work on Lakes Onega and Lake Ladoga and was in charge of the Depot of Nautical Instruments. Since 1906, he lectured on astronomy and geodesy at higher educational institutions in St. Petersburg, and since 1908, he taught practical astronomy and geodesy at the Naval Academy. He was president of the Russian Astronomical Society. In 1917-1930 - Assistant to the Head of the Main Hydrographic Directorate. Since 1927 - member of the Pacific Committee of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1930 he began working full-time at the Naval Academy. Author of more than 160 scientific works, including the fundamental work “Geodesy” (1923-1925). In 1922-1933. Member of the editorial board of Notes on Hydrography. Awarded the orders of St. Stanislav 2nd degree, St. Anna 2nd degree, St. Vladimir 4th degree. Several geographical locations are named after him. He was buried in Leningrad at the Smolensk Orthodox Cemetery.BEZUGLY Ivan Matveevich (1915-?)
Naval hydrometeorologist, teacher, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1958), professor, Stalin Prize laureate (1952), engineer-colonel (1955). In 1937 he graduated from the Kharkov Hydrometeorological Institute. In the Navy since 1941. During the Great Patriotic War, he served in the Directorate of the Hydrometeorological Service of the Navy, then was engaged in hydrometeorological support for the forces of the White Sea Military Flotilla. Since 1946 - head of the department of the Main Naval Observatory of the Navy, and since 1951 - head of the department, and then head of the department of the research institute. He also taught a course in hydrometeorology at the Naval Academy. Retired since 1970. Awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree, 2 Orders of the Red Star, and medals.BELOBROV Andrey Pavlovich (1894-1981)
Hydrographer-geodesist, teacher, Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1945), professor, honorary worker of the navy (1954), honorary polar explorer (1960), engineer-captain 1st rank. He graduated from the Naval Corps (1914), Navigation Officer Class (1917), Naval Academy (1924) and postgraduate studies at the Main Astronomical Observatory in Pulkovo (1928). In 1914-1917 sailed on the battleship "Tsesarevich", the cruiser "Oleg" and the destroyer "Gaydamak". For bravery shown during the First World War, he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd degree with swords and bow, and promoted to lieutenant. In 1918 he took part in the Ice Campaign of the Baltic Fleet. In 1919-1929 - flagship navigator of the current detachment of ships of the Naval Forces of the Baltic Sea. Participated in hydrographic expeditions to the Arctic Ocean (1924) and the Black Sea (1928-1932). For the hydrographic work performed, he was awarded a small silver medal by the Russian Geographical Society. Since 1932 - teaching at the Naval School named after. M. V. Frunze. In 1939-1941. - Deputy Head of the Naval Hydrographic School named after G.K. Ordzhonikidze, in 1941 - 1948. - Deputy Head of the Higher Naval School named after. M. V. Frunze, and in 1948-1950. - Head of the department at the 1st Baltic Naval School. He lectured at the Naval Academy (in 1933-1934 and 1946), at Special Courses for Navy Officers, at Leningrad State University and the Hydrometeorological Institute. In 1950-1954. - Head of the Department of Navigation at the Leningrad Higher Navigation School, in 1954-1973. - Head of the Department of Hydrography at the Leningrad Higher Maritime School named after. Admiral S. O. Makarov, in 1974-1981. - consulting professor. Author of the works “Measurement Instructions” (1937), “Hydrographic Works” (1948, 1951), “Nautical Astronomy” (1953, 1954), “Sea Hydrography” (1964), etc. Awarded Order of St. Anne, 4th degree with the inscription “For Bravery”, Lenin, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, “Badge of Honor”, medals. A strait in the Kara Sea and an underwater mountain in the Atlantic Ocean are named after B. He died in Leningrad and was buried at the Sestroretsk cemetery.
BEREZKIN Vsevolod Alexandrovich (1899-1946)
Hydrometeorologist, oceanologist, Arctic researcher, teacher, Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1937), professor (1937), engineer-rear admiral (1944). In 1922 he graduated from the Naval Hydrographic School, then in 1928 from the Hydrographic Faculty of the Naval Academy, in 1924 from the Geographical Faculty of Leningrad State University. Participant in the Civil War. Since 1923 he worked in the Northern Hydrographic Expedition. In 1924 he remained a research fellow and then a graduate student at Leningrad State University. In 1925, he took part in the Kara expedition on the icebreaking steamship “Malygin”, and in 1932 on the icebreaking steamship “Taimyr” - in a hydrographic expedition to the Arctic Ocean. Since 1930 - head of the Naval Observatory in Kronstadt. In 1934-1939 sailed in the Arctic Ocean on the ice cutter “Fedor Litke”, hydrographic vessels “Okean” and “Okhotsk”, icebreaker steamer “A. Sibiryakov". After completing graduate school at Leningrad State University in 1931 - 1934. - teacher, 1934-1937. - senior lecturer at the Faculty of Hydrography, in 1937-1943 and 1945-1946. - Head of the Department of Hydrometeorology at the Naval Academy. In 1943-1944. - Head of the Hydrometeorological Service Directorate of the Navy. Author of more than 60 scientific works, including the monographs “Sea Dynamics”, “Tides and Waves”, “Tides on Novaya Zemlya”, “Greenland Sea and the Polar Basin”, “Tides, Currents and Waves of the Kara Sea”, “Internal Waves in multilayer fluid”, “General diagram of currents in the North Polar Basin and adjacent seas”. Awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Red Banner of Labor, the Red Star, and medals. He died in Leningrad and was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox Cemetery. A strait in the Franz Josef Land archipelago, a mountain in Antarctica and a research vessel are named after him.
BOLDIREV Vladimir Sergeevich (Born in 1926)
Hydrographer, teacher, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1987), professor, captain 1st rank. In 1948 he graduated from the Higher Naval School named after M.V. Frunze, in 1953 - the Higher Special Officer Classes of the Navy, and in 1959 - the Naval Academy. Since 1948, the commander of the combat unit of a minesweeper of the Northern Fleet, participated in combat mine sweeping in the Barents and Kara Seas. Since 1950, navigator of the minesweeper division, and then of the destroyer Ozarenny. Participated in ensuring the testing of atomic weapons on Novaya Zemlya. Since 1959 - adjunct, teacher at the Department of Hydrography and Oceanography of the Naval Academy. He gave a course of lectures on the combat use of technical means of navigation of Navy ships, the organization of navigational and hydrographic support for combat operations of naval forces, and the use of applied methods of mathematical statistics in hydrography and oceanography. After being transferred to the reserve, he worked at the Central Research and Design Institute of the Marine Fleet on navigation topics in relation to navigation along the Northern Sea Route and the activities of the International Maritime Organization. Author of more than 150 scientific papers. Awarded the Order of the Red Star and medals.
GOLITSYN Boris Borisovich (1862-1916)
Physicist and geophysicist, one of the founders of seismology, explorer of the North, teacher, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1908), prince. Graduated from the Naval Corps and the Hydrographic Department of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy. In 1896 he made an expedition to Novaya Zemlya, during which he made photogrammetric observations. Since 1913, he was the head of the Main Physical Observatory and a member of the Conference of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy, where he simultaneously gave a course of lectures on geophysics. Mountains in Antarctica are named after him.
DEMIN Leonid (Leonty) Alexandrovich (1897-1973)
Hydrographer-geodesist, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor (1967), engineer-rear admiral. In 1914-1917 studied at the Kherson School of Distant Navigation and at the same time sailed on merchant ships in the Black Sea-Azov basin. In 1917 he graduated from the Separate Midshipman Classes, in 1920 from the Navigation Class of the United Classes of Command Specialists, and in 1924 from the Naval Academy. Since 1917, junior navigator of the cruiser "Aurora", since 1918 - assistant commander of the hydrographic vessel "Triangulator", and since 1919 - senior producer of hydrographic work. In 1920 he commanded the hydrographic vessel "Eagle". Since 1922 - senior assistant to the head of the magnetic compass department of the Main Hydrographic Directorate, and since 1923 - head of this department. In 1924-1937 - Head of the Hydrographic and Navigation Department of the Navigation Safety Directorate, Head of the Separate Hydrographic Detachment and Expedition in the Pacific Ocean. He made an inventory and survey of the Seas of Japan, Okhotsk and Bering, the Amur Bay and the lower reaches of the Amur. In 1926-1927 Trained at the Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory. During the Great Patriotic War he served in the department of the People's Commissariat of the Navy, in 1942-1964. - headed the main editorial office of the Marine Atlas. In 1964-1968. Head of the Department of Military Hydrography and Oceanography at the Naval Academy. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1954). In 1947, for many years of research into the Far Eastern seas and the Bering Sea pilot, he was awarded the gold medal named after. F. P. Litke. Awarded the Order of Lenin, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, and the Red Banner of Labor. Several geographic locations and a Navy research vessel are named after him. He died in Leningrad and was buried at the Serafimovskoye cemetery.
EGOROV Nikolai Ivanovich (1914-1988)
Specialist in the field of hydrometeorology and oceanography, teacher, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1969), professor (1970), captain 1st rank. In 1934 he entered the Moscow Aviation Institute, after completing the 3rd course of the Komsomol recruitment he was sent to study at the Naval Academy named after. K. E. Voroshilova. In 1940 he graduated from the Naval Academy. Participant of the Great Patriotic War. He served in the Directorate of the Hydrometeorological Service of the Northern Fleet as the head of the marine observatory - deputy head of the department for scientific work. After completing his postgraduate studies in 1949, he was appointed as a teacher, then as a senior lecturer in the Department of Hydrometeorology, and from 1960 - in the Department of Military Hydrography and Oceanography of the Naval Academy. In 1970, for his work “Physical Oceanography” he was awarded the gold medal named after. F. P. Litke. In reserve since 1972. Since 1972, he worked as a senior researcher at the 525th Oceanographic Research Center of the USSR Ministry of Defense and as a scientific consultant to the Academic Council of the Higher Naval School named after. M. V. Frunze. Awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree, 2 Orders of the Red Star, and medals. He was buried at the Kovalevskoye cemetery near St. Petersburg.
GREEN Semyon Ilyich (1810-1892)
Activist of the Russian fleet, astronomer, teacher, admiral (1877), honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1873). After graduating from the Naval Corps (1828), he was promoted to midshipman and left to continue his studies in the Officer class. In 1832 he was sent to the University of Dorpat, where, under the guidance of Professor Struve, he studied practical astronomy. In 1833, with the rank of lieutenant, he took part in the chronometric expedition of Lieutenant General Schubert. Since 1835, he taught astronomy and navigation in the Officer Class at the Naval Corps. In 1837-1850 headed the astronomical observatory at the Naval Corps. From 1838 he lectured on astronomy at St. Petersburg University. From 1839 to 1850 published a naval monthbook, collaborated on Plyuchard's Encyclopedic Lexicon, and Zeddeler's Military Encyclopedic Lexicon. In 1842, he received the full Demidov Prize for his work “Astronomical Navigation Aids.” Since 1845, member of the Russian Geographical Society. In 1848 he was appointed a member of the Naval Scientific Committee, and in 1849 he left the Maritime Department. In 1850 he became director of the Moscow Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1855 he was appointed vice-director of the Hydrographic Department of the Maritime Ministry, renamed captains of the 1st rank, and from 1859 - director of this department. In 1861 he became chairman of the Marine Scientific Committee. In 1874 he was appointed a member of the Main Naval Court, and in 1881 he became its chairman. Retired since 1891. Awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with diamonds, St. Vladimir 1st degree, White Eagle, St. Anna 1st degree, St. Stanislav 1st degree, diamond rings and diplomas from many countries. A cape in the Kara Sea is named after him.
IVANOV Alexander Alexandrovich (1867-1939)
Astronomer, surveyor, teacher, professor, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1925). Specialist in celestial mechanics. In 1889 he graduated from St. Petersburg University, where he remained in teaching. In 1908-1929 - university professor. In 1890-1901 astronomer, 1919-1930 - Director of the Pulkovo Observatory. In 1901 -1911 - Inspector of the Main Chamber of Weights and Measures. In 1906-1911 and in 1913. - Chairman of the Russian Astronomical Society. From 1932 to 1938, Deputy Director of the All-Russian Research Institute of Metrology, and in 1935-1939. - Professor of the Hydrographic Institute of the Main Northern Sea Route. Part-time, he lectured on nautical astronomy at the Naval Academy. Investigated changes in latitude at the Pulkovo Observatory. He developed a theory of the Earth's figure and studied the distribution of gravity on its surface. Author of universal courses in the main areas of astronomy.KAVRAYSKY Vladimir Vladimirovich (1884-1954)
Geodesist, cartographer, astronomer, teacher, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1934), professor (1935), engineer-rear admiral (1944). In the Navy since 1918. In 1916 he graduated from Kharkov University. From 1916 he worked in the workshop of nautical instruments at the Main Hydrographic Directorate. In 1921 - 1922 Associate Professor, Department of Astronomy and Geodesy, Naval Academy. In 1922-1926. - astronomer of the Main Hydrographic Directorate. Teacher (1926-1930; 1931 - 1934), acting head of the hydrographic department (1929-1930) of the Naval Academy, at the same time lectured at the Leningrad Mining Institute (1922-1939), researcher at the State Institute geodesy and cartography (1930-1933), astronomer at the Pulkovo Observatory (1925-1926), member of the Naval Expert Commission. In 1930 he was repressed, and in 1931 he was restored to his rank. In 1934-1937 senior leader in astronomy, 1935-1937. served as head of the department in 1937-1948. Head of the Department of Geodesy and Astronomy of the Hydrographic Faculty of the Naval Academy. Retired since 1948, he lectured at Leningrad State University. Author of more than 100 scientific works, including the monograph “Mathematical Cartography” (1934), “Selected Works” (2 volumes, 1956-1960). In 1951, he designed a device called the “Kavraisky tiltmeter” and invented an optical direction finder. Winner of the Stalin Prize (1952). Awarded the Order of Lenin, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and medals. He died in Leningrad and was buried in the Academic Cemetery at the Pulkovo Observatory. A mountain on the island of Urup (Kuril Islands), a mountain on Victoria Land in Antarctica, and an oceanographic research vessel are named after him.
KOLONG (de KOLONG) Ivan Petrovich (1839-1901)
Scientist in the field of maritime navigation, teacher, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1896), Major General in the Admiralty (1893). In 1859 he graduated from the Naval Corps, after which he was retained to continue his studies in the Higher Officer Class. Since 1864, assistant to the head of the Kronstadt Compass Observatory. He graduated from the Hydrographic Department of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy and since 1870 he taught compass and navigation there. Since 1889, he headed the compass business in the Russian fleet. In 1898 he was appointed assistant to the head of the Main Hydrographic Directorate. One of the founders of the theory of magnetic compass deviation, inventor of the deflector named after him. In 1882 he received the Lomonosov Prize for his work on the theory of deviation. Author of works “On the elimination of compass deviation” (1867), “On a new device for eliminating compass deviation” (1879), “New methods for eliminating compass deviation” (1880), “The theory of compass deviation” (1884-1885 gg.), “Theory of Deviation” (1892), etc. A bay and a peninsula in the Kara Sea are named after him. He died in St. Petersburg and was buried at the Smolensk Lutheran Cemetery.
Poddubny Anatoly Ivanovich (Born in 1935)
Specialist in the field of navigation and hydrographic support of the Navy, methods of analysis and processing of navigation and hydrographic information, teacher, candidate of technical sciences (1973), professor (1990), captain 1st rank. In 1957 he graduated from the Baltic Higher Naval School, and in 1967 from the Naval Academy. In 1957-1959. - group commander of a separate maneuverable hydrographic support division, group commander of a hydrographic service area of a naval base, senior assistant section chief of a hydrographic service area of a naval base of the Baltic Fleet, party commander of the Pacific Oceanographic Expedition. Participant of oceanographic expeditions in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan and in the Pacific Ocean. In 1967-1975 - Senior Researcher at the State Research Navigation and Hydrographic Institute of the USSR Ministry of Defense. In 1972-1992 - senior lecturer, head of the department of military hydrography and oceanography of the Naval Academy. Since 1992 in reserve, professor of the department. Author of more than 100 scientific works, including “Manuals for ensuring combat operations of the Navy” (1980), “Navigation and hydrographic support of the Navy” (1986), “Guide to assessing the effectiveness of navigation and hydrographic support for the use of weapons and technical equipment fleet" (1990), "Methods of mathematical statistics in hydrography" (1990), "Topogeodetic support of the Navy" (1990), "Guide to the development of forms of combat documents of the Hydrographic Service of the Navy" (1995), etc. Listed in the Historical Journal of the Naval Academy. Awarded the Order “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR”, 3rd degree, and medals.
ROSE Nikolai Vladimirovich (1890-1942)
Hydrographer, hydromechanic, Northern explorer, teacher, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1925), professor, rear admiral. In 1912 he graduated from St. Petersburg University. In 1912-1917 worked at the Main Geophysical Observatory. In 1917-1921 As part of the Northern Hydrographic Expedition, he studied the Kara and Barents Seas. In 1921-1942. taught at the Naval Academy, Leningrad State University and the Naval Hydrographic School. In 1925-1937 headed the general magnetic survey bureau of the Main Geophysical Observatory. Author of the works “Theoretical Mechanics” (1932), “Introduction to Theoretical Hydromechanics” (1932), “Lectures on Analytical Mechanics” (1938), etc. In 1942, he was unreasonably repressed and died in a prison hospital. Rehabilitated posthumously. Three geographical locations in the Barents and Kara Seas are named after him.RUDOVITZ Leo Fritsevich (1879-1966)
Hydrometeorologist, teacher, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, professor, military engineer 1st rank. In 1904 he graduated from the Forestry Institute, after which he was enrolled as a graduate student at the Department of Meteorology. After graduating from graduate school, he entered the meteorological department of the Main Hydrographic Directorate as a computer scientist, and in 1918 he became its head. In 1914-1925 lectured at the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography at the Naval Academy. In 1923 he was elected a member of the International Meteorological Committee. In 1925 he headed the hydrometeorological department of the Hydrographic Administration. Since 1929 - member of the Hydrometeorological Committee of the USSR, and since 1935 - of the Interdepartmental Bureau of Ice Forecasts. Participant and leader of several hydrometeorological expeditions in the White, Black and Japanese Seas. In 1926 he was awarded the medal. F. P. Litke. Since 1938, in reserve, he taught in educational institutions in Leningrad. Author of more than 50 scientific works, including manuals and manuals.
RYKACHEV Mikhail Alexandrovich (1840-1919)
Meteorologist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1896), academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917), major general of the fleet (1909). He graduated from the Naval Corps (1859) and the hydrographic department of the Academic Course of Marine Sciences (1866). From 1867 he worked at the Main Geophysical Observatory, and from 1896 he became its director. In 1904 he was chairman of the first International Aeronautical Congress. In 1913 promoted to naval general. Since 1908 - member of the Conference of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy, gave lectures to teachers and students of the academy. Participated in the compilation of the “Climatological Atlas of the Russian Empire”. Chairman of the aeronautical department of the Russian Technical Society. Author of works “On the daily course of the barometer in Russia” (1879), “Opening and freezing of the waters of the Russian Empire” (1886), etc. Awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd degree, St. Alexander Nevsky, White Eagle, St. Anne 1st degree, St. Stanislav 1st degree, medals. He was buried in Petrograd at the Smolensk Orthodox Cemetery.
SAVICH Alexey Nikolaevich (1810-1883)
Mathematician, astronomer, surveyor, teacher, Doctor of Philosophy (1839), Honored Ordinary Professor, Academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences (1868), Privy Councilor. After graduating from Moscow University (1829), he studied astronomy at the University of Dorpat under the guidance of V. Ya. Struve. In 1836-1837 worked as part of an expedition to measure the differences in levels of the Black and Caspian Seas. Since 1839 - extraordinary professor at the department of astronomy and geodesy at St. Petersburg University. From 1845 he taught a course in astronomy at the Land Survey Institute, and from 1841 to 1850 he taught physics at the Higher Officer Class at the Naval Corps, and then astronomy and geodesy at the Academic Course of Marine Sciences. Since 1862 - honorary member of the Marine Scientific Committee. For his service in the Naval Department, he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, St. Anna, 3rd degree, and a gold snuffbox decorated with diamonds. In 1864 he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st degree, and in 1870 - the Order of St. Anna, 1st degree. Since 1854 - teacher of mathematics and astronomy at the Academy of the General Staff. Author of the works “On various ways to determine the latitude and longitude of places using astronomical observations” (1834), “Application of practical astronomy to determining the geographical location of places” (1845, 1871), “Astronomy Course” (vol. 1,2 , 1874, 1884) etc. Member of the Russian Geographical and German Astronomical Societies. He was buried in St. Petersburg at the Smolensk Lutheran Cemetery (the tombstone has not survived).
SNEGINSKY Vladimir Apollinarievich (1896-1978)
Oceanographer and hydrometeorologist, teacher, Doctor of Naval Sciences (1954), professor (1955), engineer-rear admiral (1963). In 1918 he graduated from Separate Midshipmen classes, in 1925 - from the Naval Academy. A participant in the Civil War, he sailed on ships of the Volga Military Flotilla and the Baltic Fleet. He served in the Main Geophysical Observatory, then headed the department of the northern seas weather service. In 1928-1929 headed the hydrometeorological service of the Black Sea expedition of the Hydrographic Directorate of the Navy. In 1939-1941. Head of the Hydrometeorological Service of the Navy. Since 1940 - member of the Geographical Society of the USSR. Since 1941 - Associate Professor of the Department of Hydrometeorology at the Naval Academy, in 1942-1943. - senior editor of the Maritime Atlas and editor-in-chief of manuals published by the Hydrographic Directorate of the Navy. In 1943-1945 and in 1947-1964. Head of the Department of Hydrometeorology (later - the Department of Military Hydrography and Oceanography) of the Naval Academy. In 1946, he led the first post-war oceanographic expedition, which, during the passage from Odessa to Vladivostok, collected extensive observational material in the Red, Arabian, South China, East China Seas and the Indian Ocean. In 1964 - consulting professor at the Academic Council of the Naval Academy. In 1965 he was dismissed due to illness. Author of more than 100 works, including “Relief of the Black Sea Bottom”, “Oceanographic Instruments”, “Practical Oceanography”, “Marine Hydrometeorology”, etc. In 1954 he was awarded the gold medal named after F. P. Litke. Awarded the Order of Lenin, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, and medals. He died in Leningrad and was buried at the Bogoslovskoye Cemetery.
SOROKIN Alexander Ivanovich (Born in 1924)
Hydrographer, surveyor and cartographer, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1977), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1967), Professor (1970), Honorary Professor of the Naval Academy, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1979). ), laureate of the USSR State Prize (1986), rear admiral engineer (1981). Participant of the Great Patriotic War. In 1946 he graduated from the Higher Naval School named after M.V. Frunze, in 1955 - from the Naval Academy. In 1946-1951 performed triangulation, topographic survey and coastal sounding in the Baltic Sea. Since 1956 - a researcher, and since 1964 - head of a department - head of a laboratory at the Navy Research Institute. Participant of hydrographic expeditions in the Baltic (1946-1951), in the Arctic basin (1959) and in the Atlantic Ocean (1962). Since 1972 - head of the Scientific Research Oceanographic Center of the USSR Ministry of Defense, and since 1974 - the department of military hydrography and oceanography of the Naval Academy. Retired since 1989, Advisor to the Russian Academy of Sciences. Editor-in-chief of the journal “Izvestia of the Russian Geographical Society”. Author of works on cartography and hydrography, including “Tables for constructing hyperbola grids” (1960), “Tables for calculating the length and azimuth of a geodetic line” (1961), “Theoretical foundations of hydrographic research” (1972) , “Cartographic support for the Navy” (1976), “Geodetic networks at sea” (1979), “Marine cartography” (1985), etc. He was awarded the gold medal named after. F. P. Litke. Member of the Russian Geographical Society, Chairman of the Department of Mathematical Geography and Cartography. Awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree, “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR”, 3rd degree, and medals.
KHLUSTIN Boris Pavlovich (1884-1949)
Specialist in the field of nautical astronomy, teacher, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, engineer-rear admiral. In 1904 he graduated from the Naval Corps, in 1910 - the Hydrographic Department of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy. Participant in the Russo-Japanese War. In 1907-1912. He sailed as a navigator on ships of the Baltic Fleet. From 1912 he served as the flagship navigator officer of the headquarters of the commander of the 2nd mine division of the Baltic Fleet, and in 1914 he served as assistant class inspector of the Naval Corps. Since 1917, he taught a course in nautical astronomy and navigation at the Naval Academy, the Naval School named after. M. V. Frunze, Institute of Water Transport Engineers and Leningrad State University. Awarded the orders of St. Vladimir 4th class with swords and bow, St. Anna 3rd class with swords and bow, St. Stanislav 2nd class, St. Anna 2nd class. A cape in Antarctica is named after him.TsINGER Nikolai Yakovlevich (1842-1918)
Specialist in the field of lower and higher geodesy, practical and theoretical astronomy, cartography and error theory, teacher, doctor of astronomy, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1900), lieutenant general. In 1862 he graduated from the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy, and in 1870 from the Academy of the General Staff. During his studies, he interned at the Pulkovo Observatory. The founder of the height system adopted in the USSR. He pointed out the expediency of bringing all heights to a single beginning - the zero of the Kronstadt footstock. Since 1874, he was a professor at the Pulkovo Observatory, and since 1888, a professor at the Academy of the General Staff and the Nikolaev Maritime Academy. Since 1905, Chairman of the Department of Mathematical Geography of the Russian Geographical Society. Initiator of the creation of the Russian Astronomical Society (1879-1890). Author of the fundamental work “A Course in Astronomy” (1915).SHOKALSKY Yuliy Mikhailovich (1856-1940)
Oceanographer, geographer, cartographer, teacher, professor, honorary member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939), Hero of Labor (1923), lieutenant general of the fleet (1912). In 1877 he graduated from the Naval Corps, and in 1880 - from the hydrographic department of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy. Sailed on the battleship "Peter the Great" and the cruiser "Krechet". In 1881-1882 Head of the Department of Marine Metrology at the Main Geophysical Observatory. In 1883-1908. - teacher of the Naval Corps. He took part in expeditions to Lake Ladoga and the Caspian Sea, and explored the river basins of Russia. Since 1882 - member of the Geographical Society, and in 1917-1931. - its president. In 1891-1907 headed the library of the Maritime Ministry, and from 1907 - the Hydrometeorological Service of the Hydrographic Administration. In 1907-1930 - teacher, professor and head of the hydrographic department of the Naval Academy. Since 1925 - director of the Leningrad Cartographic Institute. Since 1927, he lectured at Leningrad State University. Retired since 1930. Compiler and editor of many geographical maps and atlases. Author of the fundamental works “Hydrography and Physical Geography” (1900), “Essay on the Development of Oceanography” (1900), “A Look at the Current State of Oceanography” (1911), “Oceanography” (1917, 1959), “The Depths of the Ocean and Its Seas” (1931), “Physical Oceanography” (1933). Awarded the orders of St. Vladimir 2nd degree, St. Anna 1st degree, St. Stanislav 1st degree. There is a memorial plaque installed on the house where Sh. lived. 12 geographical locations and a research vessel are named after Sh. He was buried in Leningrad on the Literatorskie Mostki.
SPINDLER Joseph Bernardovich (1848-1919)
Meteorologist, oceanographer, hydrographer, professor, lieutenant general of the Corps of Hydrographers. Upon completion of the Academic Course of Marine Sciences (1874), he headed the publication of the marine bulletin at the Main Physical Observatory and at the same time taught at the Marine Corps. From 1884 he headed the meteorological service of the Maritime Ministry, and from 1888 he lectured at the Nikolaev Maritime Academy. Since 1891 - editor of the Meteorological Bulletin. In 1890-1895 participated in expeditions in the Black, Azov and Marmara Seas, on Lake Peipus, and in 1897 in the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay. Since 1913 - retired, member of the Conference of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy. Author of the works “Lectures on Physical Geography” (1903), “Sea Hydrology (Oceanography)” (in 2 parts, 1914-1915), etc.SCHRENK Leopold Ivanovich (1826-1894)
Zoogeographer, ethnographer, oceanologist, meteorologist, teacher, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1863), professor of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy. Graduated from the University of Dorpat (Tartu, Estonia) (1850). In 1852 he received his doctorate from the Albertina University in Königsberg. In 1853-1856. led the expedition of the Academy of Sciences, sent to the Amur region and to the island. Sakhalin on the frigate "Aurora" under the command of I. N. Izylmetyev. During the voyage along the route Kronstadt-Copenhagen-Rio de Janeiro-Callao-Petropavlovsk, as well as from Petropavlovsk to De-Kastri Bay (the corvette "Olivutsa") and the Nikolaevsky post (the schooner "Vostok"), he carried out meteorological and hydrological observations, collected small sea animals. He was the first to summarize the materials on the hydrology of the eastern seas of Russia in the works “Essay on the physical geography of the North Sea of Japan” (1869, Kopstantinovsky medal of the Russian Geographical Society in 1870) and “On the currents of the Okhotsk, Japanese and adjacent seas” (1874 .). In 1868 and 1877-1878. was a member of the commission “On the transformation of the meteorological department in Russia.” In the 1870-1880s. gave lectures on hydrography and meteorology at the Academic Course of Marine Sciences, transformed in 1877 into the Nikolaev Maritime Academy. He was a member of the Conference of the Nikolaev Maritime Academy. In 1877, as a member of the educational council of the Academic Course of Marine Sciences, he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 1st degree. He was the initiator of the Academy of Sciences expedition to the New Siberian Islands and the Priyansky Territory (1885-1886) under the leadership of the naval doctor A. A. Bunge.
SHULEYKIN Vasily Vladimirovich (1895-1979)
Geophysicist, oceanologist, teacher, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1946), professor, engineer-captain 1st rank. One of the founders of the national school of marine physics. After graduating from the Moscow Higher Technical School (1916), he remained there for scientific and pedagogical activities. In 1942-1945. served in the Hydrographic Directorate of the Navy, and from 1943 headed the department of marine physics at Moscow State University. In 1945-1947 - Professor, Head of the Department of Hydrometeorology at the Naval Academy. In 1947-1950 Head of the Main Directorate of the USSR Hydrometeorological Service. In 1948-1957 Director of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences. Participant and leader of many scientific expeditions. For research in marine physics he was awarded the medal named after. Semenov-Tien-Shansky. Author of more than 400 works, including the monographs “On the Color of the Sea” (1922), “Essays on the Physics of the Sea” (1927), “Physics of the Sea” (1941), “Short Course in the Physics of the Sea” (1959 g.), etc. Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1942). Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, Orders of the October Revolution, Red Banner of Labor, Red Star, Badge of Honor, medals. A seamount in the Pacific Ocean and a research vessel are named after him. He died and was buried in Moscow.
YUSHCHENKO Artemy Pavlovich (1885-1968)
Hydrographer-geodesist, teacher, Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1965), honorary polar explorer, captain 1st rank (1944). He graduated from Petrograd University (1917), the hydrographic class of the United Classes (1918) and completed an internship at the Pulkovo Observatory (1920). He worked as part of hydrographic expeditions on Novaya Zemlya and in the Caspian Sea. He supervised hydrographic and cartographic work in the Main Hydrographic Directorate of the Navy. Since 1938, head of the Department of Geodesy at the Hydrographic Institute of the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route. From 1941 he served in the Main Hydrographic Directorate of the Navy, and from 1944 to 1947 he was a senior lecturer at the Department of Geodesy and Astronomy at the Naval Academy. Author of famous tables used in navigation. In 1948 he was transferred to the reserve due to illness. In 1956 he was awarded the gold medal named after. N. M. Przhevalsky. Author of more than 60 published works, including the works “Tables for calculating Gauss-Kruger coordinates” (1931), “Nautical cartography” (1935), “Cartographic tables” (1938), “Cartography” (1941 , 1953), “Tables for calculating altitudes and azimuths” (1952), “Navigation” (1966), etc. Awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Red Banner of Labor, the Red Star, the “Badge of Honor”, medals. A mountain in the Kara Sea, a deep-sea depression in Antarctica and a training ship are named after him. He died in Leningrad and was buried in the village of Komarovo.Forward
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Top secret.
State Defense Committee
Resolution No. GKO-375ss of August 2, 1941
Moscow Kremlin.
ABOUT THE EVACUATION OF NKVMF NAVAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS FROM LENINGRAD
The State Defense Committee allows:
1. The People's Commissariat of the Navy to transfer the following naval educational institutions from Leningrad within 10 days:
a) Naval Academy named after. K.E. Voroshilov and higher special courses for naval command personnel in Astrakhan with accommodation on the basis of the Pedagogical Teachers Institute;
b) the Naval Medical Academy and the Naval Medical School in Astrakhan, located on the basis of the medical institute;
c) Higher Naval Engineering School named after. Dzerzhinsky and the Higher Naval Civil Engineering School in Gorky with accommodation on the basis of Gorky University;
d) Red Banner scuba diving training squad named after. CM. Kirov in Makhach-Kala with accommodation on the basis of the Dagestan Agricultural Institute;
d) Higher Naval School named after. M.V. Frunze and the Higher Naval Hydrographic School named after. Ordzhonikidze in Astrakhan with accommodation on the basis of the Technological Institute of the Fishing Industry and the Fisheries College;
f) naval air defense school in Engels, located on the basis of the pedagogical institute.
2. Oblige the People's Commissariat of the River Fleet (Comrade Shashkov) to ensure the transportation of equipment and personnel of the transferred naval educational institutions from Leningrad to their new locations, according to the appendix.
3. Oblige the NKPS to ensure the supply of rolling stock for the transportation of equipment and personnel of the Red Banner Underwater Diving Training Unit named after. CM. Kirov from Leningrad to Makhach-Kala in the amount of 46 cars.
4. Oblige the Stalingrad, Gorky regional executive committees of workers and regional committees of the CPSU (b), the Council of People's Commissars of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Council of People's Commissars of the German-Volga Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to provide assistance in the placement of transferred naval educational institutions and the quartering of personnel.
DEPUTY CHAIRMAN OF THE STATE DEFENSE COMMITTEE V. MOLOTOV.
Extracts sent to: t.t. Shvernik, Kuznetsov (NKVMF);
People's Commissars and Regional Committees of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks - respectively.
Top secret
APPLICATION
to the resolution of the State Defense Committee No. 375ss of August 2, 1941
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Correct: Reokristsova
Reason: RGASPI, fund 644, inventory 1, d.5, pp. 171-172.
The history of the city of Gatchina, perhaps like no other, is rich in events on an all-Russian scale. Local historians and professional historians scrupulously study the history of the city and everything connected with it, but blank spots in the history of Gatchina still remain and sometimes not at all where they might seem to be expected. But let's take things in order.
Throughout the history of the Russian Navy, hydrographic research has been of great importance as an important component of the development of not only the military fleet, but also navigation in general. That is why the training of hydrographers at all stages of Russian history was carried out purposefully and continuously.
The end of the 1940s was ending with the growing intensity of the Cold War. US naval power increased. All this forced the leadership of the USSR to pay serious attention to the domestic navy. The fleet needed re-equipment and access to the World Ocean. This posed fundamentally new challenges for hydrography.
With the arrival of N.G. Kuznetsov to the leadership of the fleet, first of all, significant changes took place in personnel training. These changes were expressed, first of all, in an increase in the number of higher naval schools. In the early 1950s, the following were created: the First Baltic VVMU, subsequently the Lenin Komsomol Diving School, the Second Baltic VVMU in Kaliningrad, the Riga VVMU and a number of others.
In December 1951, a decision was made to create the Higher Naval Hydrographic School. The order of the USSR Naval Minister No. 00826 dated December 15, 1951 stated: “To form the Higher Naval Hydrographic School (military unit 10427) with a deployment in the city of Gatchina with a training period of 5 years 6 months.” The staff of the school was approved on May 15, 1952 by the Chief of the Naval General Staff, Admiral Golovko. According to state No. 4/211, two faculties were created at the school.
The first faculty was hydrographic, where specialists were supposed to be trained to perform direct hydrographic work, such as marine and coastal sounding, geodetic and topographic survey, aerial photogeodesy, and meteorology. The faculty had departments: geodesy, hydrography, aerial phototopography, hydrometeorology.
The second faculty, navigation, trained specialists in navigation equipment for maritime theaters, technical and radio engineering means of ship navigation. The faculty had the following departments: navigation equipment for maritime theaters, technical means of ship navigation and radio engineering means of ship navigation, as well as the department of strength of materials and metal technology.
In addition to faculty departments, the school had eight general school departments. In March 1952, the formation of the school’s personnel began, and already in July, applicants began to arrive at the school to pass the credentials committee and take entrance exams.
Rear Admiral A.V. was appointed the first head of the Higher Naval Hydrographic School. Solodunov. I would like to say something about this person separately. Alexander Viktorovich was a professional hydrographer. He traveled a long and difficult path, completely devoting his life to serving the Fatherland. At the age of eighteen he was drafted into the Red Army and took part in battles against bandit formations in the North Caucasus. From 1927 to 1930 he studied at the VVMU named after. M.V.Frunze, majoring in hydrography. In 1939, after graduating from the Military Medical Academy with a degree in sea protection, he was appointed head of the Hydrographic Department of the Black Sea Fleet. In this position, Alexander Viktorovich went through the entire war and the first difficult years of restoring the destroyed hydrographic facilities. He was awarded many orders and medals, including the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner (twice), Nakhimov, and the Order of the Patriotic War (twice). This is the combat admiral who headed the newly organized Higher Naval Hydrographic School.
The first intake of the newly created Hydrographic School consisted mainly of guys from the Voronezh, Tambov, Ryazan, Ivanovo and Bryansk regions. In total, 270 people arrived in Gatchina to enter the school. Since the building of the Gatchina Palace, where the school was supposed to be located, had not yet been restored after the war, the arriving applicants were placed in a separate building of the Stables building of the palace. As former cadets of the first intake recall, “I remember the huge barracks with more than two hundred beds, without partitions, with stove heating.” In total, the first intake for both faculties was planned to include 200 people. Some of the applicants were eliminated by the medical commission, some by mandate. Applicants had to fill out a lot of forms. In the biography it was most reliable to indicate that the parents were workers or peasants. Political workers were most favorable to applicants whose parents were officers of the Red Army. Applicants not only lived in the Stables building, but also prepared for entrance exams. The exams were also held in the Stables building in a specially designated room. (Today this building is occupied by the Central Archive of the Navy).
During the period of passing the entrance exams, applicants were fed according to the soldier's norm. Many children who came from villages devastated by the war were incredibly happy with this food.
On August 15, 1952, on the first floor of the Stable Building, an extract from the order of the head of the school No. 057 “On the enrollment of candidates who successfully passed the entrance exams as cadets of the Higher Naval Hydrographic School” was posted. All those who arrived were dressed in white sailor robes, shod with cowhide boots and given caps, but without ribbons for now.
The admitted cadets, without specifically asking their opinions, were divided into faculties. In total, in 1952, 208 people were admitted to the school, so that each faculty consisted of 104 cadets. They housed everyone in the same huge room on the second floor. At one end the first faculty was located, at the other - the second.
Staying in the status of military personnel began with mastering the young fighter course. The training process consisted of studying military regulations, drill training, digging trenches, throwing training grenades and going on the attack. Colonel Rudnitsky supervised the military training. Despite his large belly, he always ran first among the cadets going on the attack. Drill drills usually took place on the parade ground in front of the palace. This gave them special significance, because many years ago the regiments of Emperor Paul I himself marched here, and later the cuirassiers of the Imperial Guard held their reviews here. But digging trenches and throwing grenades took place in a large meadow in the far part of the park - the “Menagerie”, not far from the Marienburg railway platform.
By the end of September, the cadets successfully completed the young soldier course, and the young guys felt like real soldiers. Only seven years have passed since the end of the war, the wounds have not yet healed, the horrors of the war have not yet been erased from memory. The Soviet people treated the defenders of the Fatherland with great respect and love, and the young cadets were filled with pride that they too had now joined the ranks of the fathers who defended the country. But the most important thing remained in the life of every serviceman who decided to devote his life to serving the Motherland - taking the military oath. And now this day has come.
On September 27, 1952, the recruited first-year cadets took the military oath. The order of the head of the school No. 093 dated September 19, 1952 stated:
“Clause 1. Cadets of the 1952 intake, enrolled by my order No. 057 of August 15 of this year, are to take the military oath on September 27, 1952.
Point 2. Taking the military oath should be carried out by platoon in the classrooms, uniform for cadets - form 3 for the first term, with weapons. The uniform for officers is full dress with insignia.
Clause 3. The day of taking the Military Oath, September 27, 1952, is considered a holiday for cadets. Make a dismissal.
Head of the Higher Naval Hydrographic School, Rear Admiral Solodunov"
On October 1, academic classes began at the school. The leading role in delivering lectures was occupied by the heads of departments and senior teachers. The school urgently created the necessary minimum of educational and visual aids to ensure the delivery of lectures and practical classes. After the end of the first semester, all cadets were sent to practice instead of the expected vacation. Winter practice in the 52-53 academic year took place from February 3 to April 1 on four cruisers of the 4th Navy (Baltic Fleet) “Ordzhonikidze”, “Maxim Gorky”, “Sverdlov” and “Chkalov” in groups of 50 people. The cadets' first trips to sea took place. This practice convinced many that they had chosen the maritime profession correctly.
The cadets returned from practice not to the already inhabited barracks of the Stable Building, but to the restored premises of the left one - the Kitchen Square of the Gatchina Palace. The cadets' bedrooms were located on the second floor, in the rooms where the palace guard was located in tsarist times, and the classrooms were on the third floor in the rooms for guests and members of the royal family. Of course, no royal furnishings were preserved, because during the war the palace building was seriously damaged. Compared to the Stables building, it was much more convenient here. Each platoon was assigned a separate sleeping room with single-tier bunks, and classrooms and study rooms were much more spacious. The cadets quickly settled into the new premises and the educational process continued.
The cadet is a military man, which means, in the opinion of his superiors, in addition to scientific knowledge, he must have excellent combat training. And now the head of the school gives the order:
“The time allotted for drill training should not be taken up with any other activities or work. Introduce drill walks for cadets on Sundays. Walks should be carried out with drill songs with the obligatory participation of all officers.”
The cadets remembered these drill walks for the rest of their lives. The entire school moved in formation from the gates of the Stables building of the palace to the Constable's Square. Ahead of the formation, the head of the combat department, Captain 1st Rank A. Achkasov, took a step - “ceremonial captain,” as the cadets called him for participating in ten parades on Red Square. His stately figure with impeccable bearing was a real decoration of the entire formation. From the square, the cadet formation marched bravely along the central avenue of Gatchina, singing and arousing admiration among the female half and envy among civilian youth.
In the summer of 1953, the school was replenished with a second set of cadets, and in September of the same year, staffing changes were carried out at the school and the Hydrographic Faculty was renamed the Command Faculty, and the Navigation Faculty - the Engineering Faculty. The main direction of training for cadets remained the same.
On October 25, 1953, the solemn presentation of the Unit Banner to the Higher Naval Hydrographic School, as a military unit, took place. The ceremony took place at the Gatchina military airfield, by the way, the first military airfield in Russia. The banner was presented on behalf of the Supreme Council of the USSR by the Head of Naval Educational Institutions, Vice Admiral L.V. Bogdanenko. The first standard bearer of the school was cadet Ivan Kukulevsky, who managed to serve his military service before entering the school and held the position of a company sergeant major at the first faculty.
In addition to academic studies, during their studies in Gatchina, the cadets also learned the basics of maritime practice. So on the lake, not far from the palace, a boat base for the school was set up. There, the cadets learned seamanship skills - rowed six-oared yawls and learned how to operate a boat under sail. And, of course, the big event was the boat race, when each class fielded its own team to compete. Boat races on White Lake in Gatchina became a real event for the townspeople and gathered crowds of people on the shore of the lake. Such competitions were mandatory on Navy Day.
In Gatchina, the Higher Naval Hydrographic School existed until the end of July 1954. By decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy No. 198ss of February 16, 1954, the school was transferred to the city of Pushkin, Leningrad Region and was located in the former Catherine Palace. The school began the new academic year in 1954 in a new location.
Today it is difficult to say definitely why the Hydrographic School was relocated to Pushkin, and the newly created Naval Engineering Radio Engineering School was located in the Gatchina Palace. But, one way or another, the training of hydrograph sailors continued in the city of Pushkin.
Unfortunately, the fate of the Higher Naval Hydrographic School was short-lived. By Order of the Civil Code of the Navy No. 00741 of December 23, 1955 and the Directive of the Head of the VMUZ of January 24, 1956, the school was disbanded by October 30, 1956, without having had time to make a single graduation. The school's cadets were distributed to other schools. Most of the cadets, together with the officers, were transferred to the Baltic VVMU in the city of Kaliningrad, some of the cadets were sent to the Black Sea VVMU named after. Nakhimov to Sevastopol, and 120 cadets to the VVMU of weapons engineers in Leningrad.
Today, even among naval historians, few people remember the existence of the Higher Naval Hydrographic School in Gatchina in the 50s of the last century. The memory of him was gradually erased in Gatchina itself.
But former cadets of the first class, who entered the school in Gatchina in 1952, still remember those amazing two years they spent in the building of the Gatchina Palace on the shores of clear lakes, surrounded by an ancient park. They remember and honor the city of Gatchina as the cradle of their future maritime destiny, returning to those distant years only in their memory.
Rostislav MATSEGORO
