Ecology test, grades 10-11.
1. Briefing.
Dear participant!
Be careful, the test tasks offered to your attention are divided into different types (options). Necessary explanations concerning their implementation are given in the appropriate places of the text. At the testing stage, you have to perform certain work, which is best organized as follows:
1 .Slowly, carefully read the first test task from among those offered.
2 .Determine which of the proposed answers to the task, in your opinion, most correctly and fully completes the thought posed in the task itself.
3 .Circle the correct answer you have chosen. Continue working in this way until the completion of the test tasks of all options.
4 .Test tasks are evaluated positively if all the correct answers provided for by the task are given. If at least one error is made in the test, then it is considered not completed.
5 .After completing all the tasks, check the correctness of their execution.
6 .If you need to correct the selected answer, then cross out the wrong answer with a cross, circle the correct answer with a circle and duplicate the letter of the correct answer.
7 .The test task is considered completed if you submit it to the jury members on time.
We wish you success!
2. KIM (ecology test), grades 10-11.
Task 1. "One of four"
(You are offered tasks where you need to choose one correct answer out of four)
1. The Baikal seal lives only in Lake Baikal. This kind is called:
a) an edificator; b) dominant; c) endemic; d) synanthropus.
2 .What is the name of the stage of development of the biosphere, when intelligent human activity will become the main determining factor in development on Earth:
a) technosphere; b) noosphere; c) anthroposphere; d) sociosphere.
3 .According to the rule of the pyramid of numbers, the total number of individuals participating in food chains, with each link:
a) is decreasing b) increases; c) stays the same d) obeys a sinusoidal graph.
4 .The phenomenon of industrial mechanism is typical for:
a) leopards (black panthers) in India; b) some species of ground beetles in the Donbas region;
c) moth butterflies in the vicinity of Manchester (Great Britain); d) black cockroaches in large industrial cities.
5 .What is the name of an organism that lives in waters that are more or less polluted with organic substances:
a) detritobiont; b) catarobiont; c) saprobiont; d) bentobiont.
6. Who introduced the concept of "ecosystem" into the scientific lexicon?
a) V.I. Vernadsky; b) V.N. Sukachev; c) G. Suess; d) A. Tensley.
7 .What is the name of the law that determines the amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to another?
a) the 1% rule; b) the 10% rule; c) the 15% rule; d) the law of 5%.
8 .Consumers in the agroecosystem include:
a) bacteria; b) weeds; c) herbs; d) insects are pollinators.
9 .Which of the following food chains is correct:
a) grasshoppers - lizards - grass - hawk - hare; b) predators - ungulates - bacteria - forest vegetation; c) algae - daphnia - fish fry - perch - seagulls; d) grass - foxes - mice - owls - hares.
10 .What is the name of the process of dividing the population of space and resources:
a) ecological succession; b) reduced competition; c) environmental rules;
d) differentiation of ecological niches.
11. Based on the specific secretions of some plants that affect others, relationships are formed:
a) symbiotic; b) trophic; c) allelopathic; d) competitive.
12 .Rosyanka grows:
a) in a spruce forest; b) along the banks of water bodies; c) in peat bogs; d) in the meadows.
13 .The appearance of the process of photosynthesis on Earth led to:
a) the emergence of the process of protein synthesis; b) the emergence of multicellular organisms; c) the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; d) accumulation of organic substances and enrichment of the atmosphere with oxygen.
14. Whole theory of evolution was first proposed by:
a) C. Darwin; b) J-B Lamarck; c) A. Wallace; d) T. Huxley.
15. Which scientist proposed to use the concept of "population waves"?
a) V.I. Vernadsky; b) S.S. Chetverikov; c) K. Raunkier; d) N.N. Timofeev-Resovsky.
Task 2 "Biological ecology".
(You are offered tasks where you need to choose one correct answer)
1. Organisms that live in conditions with poor resources and survive in them thanks to special adaptations are figuratively called:
a) "Jackals"; b) Zoophages; c) "Lions"; d) camels.
2 .An ecological niche is called:
a) the habitat of individuals of this species; b) the specific "dwelling" of the animal or the territory occupied by the plant; c) everything that surrounds a living organism; d) the totality of the space occupied by the population, the resources it uses and the rhythm of their consumption in the ecosystem.
3 . A group of organisms called macrophytes refers to the following component of the freshwater ecosystem:
a) consumers; b) producers; c) decomposers; d) benthos.
4 .Anthropogenic heterotrophic ecosystems do not include:
a) biological treatment facilities; b) automobile factories; c) water meadow;
d) fish farms.
5 .Biological products that are created by consumers and decomposers in the process of processing plant and animal biomass are called:
a) secondary; b) clean; c) gross; d) primary.
6 .The low rate of mineralization of organic matter in the tundra and taiga is explained by:
a) delayed activity of microorganisms; b) accelerated activity of microorganisms; c) high activity of fungi and bacteria.
7 .The highest rate of decomposition of organic matter is observed in:
a) deserts b) savannas; c) tropical rainforests.
8 . A community of plants, animals, microorganisms and fungi inhabiting the same territory, interconnected in the food chain and influencing each other, is called:
a) biogeocenosis; b) biocenosis; c) phytocenosis; d) an ecosystem.
9 .Trophic level is defined as a combination of:
a) producers, consumers, decomposers; b) organisms united by the type of nutrition;
d) autotrophs and heterotrophs.
10 .What types of relationships are referred to as "material"?
a) singing of the nightingale in the area of the nesting site; b) the pursuit of a swallow by a hawk;
c) departure of individuals from the site under the influence of pheromones; d) predators growling at each other.
Task 3 Fill in the missing word.
1. Components and phenomena of inanimate, inorganic nature, directly or indirectly affecting organisms, are called: ______________________________.
2. A group of individuals of the same species or community by the presence, the state and behavior of which are judged by changes in the environment, including the presence and concentration of pollutants, is called: _______________________________________________.
3. The lower part of the atmosphere, the entire hydrosphere and the upper part of the Earth's lithosphere
inhabited by living organisms is called _______________________________.
4. The totality of the influences of the vital activity of some organisms on the vital activity of others, as well as on the non-living environment, is called _______________________.
Back 4. Assignments with two correct answers.
(You are offered tasks where you need to choose two correct answers)
1. Ecosystems with low resilience include:
a) tundra; d) tropical forests;
b) coniferous forests e) agroecosystem;
c) mixed forests; e) a lake.
2 .Animals leading an active lifestyle under snow cover include:
a) a toad; d) rook;
b) vole; e) copperhead;
c) quail; e) kindness.
Task 5 "Nature of my Komi Republic"
(You are offered tasks where you need to enter the right word, based on the content of the question)
1. The natural park of the Komi Republic is called: _____________________________.
2 .Reserve of the Republic of Komi: ____________________________________________.
3. Write 5 plant species listed in the Red Book of the Komi Republic:
_______, _______ , _________ , __________, _________.
4 Write 3 species of birds listed in the Red Book of the Komi Republic:
_______, _______ , _________.
3. Answers.
Exercise 1."One of the four" - 1c, 2b, 3a, 4c, 5c, 6d, 7b, 8d, 9c, 10d, 11c, 12c, 13d, 14a, 15b.
Task 2."Biological Ecology" -1d, 2d, 3b, 4c, 5a, 6a, 7c, 8a, 9b, 10b.
Task 3."Fill in the missing word" -
1. Abiotic factors.
2. Indicators of the environment.
3. Biosphere.
4. Biotic factors.
Rear 4. Questions with two correct answers
1a, e. 2b, f.
Task 5."The nature of my Komi Republic".
1. Light water.
2. Pechoro - Ilychsky reserve.
3. Rhodiola rosea, lady's slipper, yellow capsule, tetrahedral water lily.
4. Gray duck, gyrfalcon, greater spotted eagle.
Used Books:
1. Red Data Book of the Komi Republic : Rare and endangered species of plants and animals, ed. A. I. Taskaeva. - M.; Syktyvkar: DIK, 1998.
2 . T.A. Kozlova, A.N. Myagkova, N.I. Sonin. Ecology of Russia. Didactic materials.-M: AO MDS, Unisam. 1995.
3. E.A. Kriksunov, V.V. Beekeeper . Ecology.-M: Bustard, 1995.
testent.ru Page 106.09.2016
Handout tests on ecology with answers
Option 1
1. Factors of the inorganic environment that affect the life and distribution of living organisms are called
A) abiotic.
B) alive.
C) anthropogenic.
D) biotic.
E) limiting.
2. Types of adaptation of organisms:
A) Ethological types.
C) Only physiological species.
C) Only morphological species
D) Morphological, ethological, physiological.
E) Legal properties of organisms.
3. Who introduced the term "ecological system" into science
A) Vernadsky.
B) Suess.
C) Tensley.
D) Darwin.
E) Haeckel.
4. Interactions between populations, in which one of them suppresses the other without benefiting for itself
A) mutualism.
B) amensalism.
C) commensalism.
D) protocooperation.
5. Realm of Mind:
A) technosphere.
C) the biosphere.
C) cryosphere.
D) Stratosphere.
E) Noosphere.
6. Substances that contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer:
A) inorganic substances.
C) carcinogens.
C) freons.
D) heavy metals.
E) herbicides.
7. Types of nature management:
A) general and individual.
C) State and individual.
C) General and special.
D) General and state.
E) State and special.
8. The flora of the Earth is:
A) 700 thousand plant species.
C) 400 thousand plant species.
C) 300 thousand plant species.
E) 500 thousand plant species.
E) 100 thousand plant species.
9. Transformation of organic compounds from inorganic ones due to light energy:
A) photosynthesis.
C) photoperiodism.
C) homeostasis.
D) climax.
E) succession.
10. The science that studies the character and behavior of animals
A) Toxicology.
C) ethology.
C) Ecology.
D) Zoology.
E) Biology.
11. Autotrophic organisms capable of producing organic matter
from inorganic:
A) consumers.
B) lithotrophs.
C) saprophages.
D) decomposers.
E) producers.
12. Omnivorous organisms:
A) detritivores.
C) phagocytes.
C) Polyphages.
D) monophages.
E) stenophages.
13. Species with limited distribution areas
A) Ubiquists.
B) Cosmopolitans.
C) relics.
D) Violet.
E) endemic.
14. The theory of population growth exponentially proposed:
A) Y. Odum
C) T. Malthus
C) K. Wiley
D) C. Darwin
E) V.I. Vernadsky
15. Type of standing water?
A) Lotic type.
B) streams.
C) Wetlands.
D) rivers.
E) Tape type.
16. Atmospheric layer located at a distance of 9-15 km from the Earth:
A) the troposphere.
B) the stratosphere.
C) the ionosphere.
D) Mesosphere.
E) hydrosphere.
17. A single measure of water use in settlements:
A) L \ day.
C) M³ \ min.
C) M³ \ day.
E) M³ \ year.
E) L \ year.
18. Measures to restore disturbed territories:
A) stagnation.
B) stratification.
C) monitoring.
D) Recultivation.
E) recreation.
19. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is:
A) 21%
C) 78%
C) 0.93%
D) 0.03%
E) 0.1%
20. Monitoring of individual production:
A) national.
B) predictable.
C) local.
D) district.
E) Global.
21. Bayanaul National Park is located on the territory of:
A) Pavlodar region.
B) Akmola region.
C) Karaganda region.
D) South Kazakhstan region.
E) Almaty region.
A) Four-stripe snake.
C) desman, kulan, yellow heron.
C) Little swan.
E) Red wolf, European mink, Kyzylkum argali.
E) Snow leopard, lynx, bat.
23. The engineer who coined the term acid rain:
A) G. Crutzen.
C) Robert Smith.
C) V.I. Vernadsky.
E) Sh. Raulap.
E) Isachenko.
24. Who is Homo sapiens?
A) Ape man.
C) a reasonable person.
C) Sinanthropus.
D) wild man.
E) Pithecanthropus.
25. The reserve, which is part of the biosphere reserves, the functioning of which is regulated by UNESCO:
A) Almaty
C) Western Altai
C) Naurzum
D) Ustyurt
E) Aksu - Dzhabaglinsky
Option 2
1. The impact of human activities on living organisms or their habitat?
A) abiotic factors.
C) Anthropogenic factors.
C) Biotic factors.
D) Social factors.
E) Limiting factors.
2. Autotrophic organisms include:
A) birds.
B) Animals.
C) Predators.
D) mushrooms.
E) plants.
3. The totality of all plant organisms
A) ecotype.
C) biofauna.
C) society.
D) fauna.
E) flora.
4. The doctrine of the noosphere was developed by:
A) Odum.
B) Vernadsky.
C) Darwin.
D) Harper.
E) Dokuchaev.
5. The sphere of the mind, the highest stage of the development of the biosphere, when reasonable human activity becomes the main determining factor in its development:
A) technosphere.
B) the geosphere.
C) Anthroposvera.
D) exosphere.
E) Noosphere.
6. Coal:
A) a nutrient.
B) inert substance.
C) a radioactive substance.
E) Scattered atoms.
E) Bio-inert substance.
7. Atmospheric pollutants according to their state of aggregation are divided into:
A) hot and cold.
C) chemical and physical.
C) gaseous, liquid and solid substances.
D) Gaseous, liquid and aerosol.
E) Organic and inorganic.
8. The main cause of the destruction of the ozone layer is:
A) Animal biological waste.
C) Emissions from industrial enterprises.
C) freons.
D) Burning fossil fuels.
E) Carcinogenic substances.
9. Main directions of ecology?
A) Physical, chemical, space.
C) Bio-, hydro-, de-ecology.
C) Hydro-, atmo-, lithoecology.
E) Zoo-, phyto-, anthroecology.
E) Out-, syn-, de-ecology.
10. In what year was ecology founded as a science:
A) 1954
B) 1904
C) 1854
D) 1860
E) 1860
11. Organisms using one food source.
A) detritivores.
B) saprophages.
C) Polyphages.
D) monophages.
E) Phytophages.
12. Light-loving plants:
A) Sciophytes.
B) heliophytes.
C) xerophytes.
D) Psammophytes.
E) halophytes.
13. Species widespread on the planet:
A) endemic.
B) Ubiquists.
C) Cosmopolitans.
D) Violet.
E) relics.
14. Types of fossil animals that have survived to this day:
A) endemic.
B) Cosmopolitans.
C) Violet.
D) Ubiquists.
E) relics.
15. The population increases according to the law:
A) Shelford.
C) an arithmetic progression.
C) geometric progression.
D) Liebig.
E) tolerance.
16. The main limiting factor in the settlement of ecosystems of high latitudes, deserts and high mountains are:
A) biotic factors.
C) Chemical factors.
C) Anthropogenic factors.
D) Abiotic factors.
E) Edophic factors.
17. The boundary of life in the atmosphere:
A) 200-230km.
C) 22-25km.
C) 7-10 km.
D) 30-300km.
E) 10-15km.
18. The most common type of direct regulation of water resources:
A) Construction of reservoirs.
C) building canals.
C) Water intake using pumps.
E) Change in the course of rivers.
E) Wastewater collection
19. Determine what type of pollution are - radiation, thermal, light, electromagnetic, noise pollution?
A) physical.
B) natural.
C) geological.
D) geographic.
E) chemical.
20. Natural resources necessary for human life:
A) food.
B) environmental.
C) energy.
D) Forest.
E) raw materials.
21. The reserve included by UNESCO in the reserve of wetlands of international importance:
A) Almaty.
B) Kurgaldzhinsky.
C) Aksu-Dzhabaglinsky.
D) Alakolsky.
E) Western Altai.
22. What percentage of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan is occupied by specially protected natural areas:
A) 21.
AT 5.
C) 3.
D) 1.
E) 13.
23. MPC SO 2, mg \ m³:
A) 0.5.
C) 0.005.
C) 0.0015
D) 0.6
E) 0.4
24. Physical and chemical processes of wastewater treatment:
A) Oxidation and extraction.
C) natural cleaning.
C) Neutralization and ozonization.
E) Flotation and extraction.
E) Settling and filtration.
25. Reserve of international importance, created to protect goitered gazelles, mouflon:
A) Nurzumsky.
C) Markakolsky.
C) Alakolsky.
D) Ustyurt.
E) Aksu-Dzhabaglinsky.
Option 3
1. What was done at the first stage of the development of ecology?
A) Collected many kinds of animals
C) The study of nature is replaced by the domination of scholasticism and theology.
C) Learned how to use fire and tools.
D) The circulation of substances has been studied.
E) Accumulated and systematized factual material on living conditions
living organisms.
2. The concept of "ecology" first came into circulation in the year
A) 1880
B) 1868
C) 1968
D) 1830
E) 1820
3. A set of individuals of the same species inhabiting a certain space:
A) ecosystem.
B) Phytoncides.
C) hydrobionts.
D) Biotope.
E) population.
4. Dynamic indicators of populations:
A) demographic structure.
B) number.
C) births, deaths
D) Density
E) The range of the species
5. Exhaustible natural resources include:
A) space.
C) Flora, fauna, soil.
C) solar radiation.
D) The waters of the oceans.
E) atmospheric air.
6.Products resulting from primary air pollution:
A) Primary pollution.
B) instant.
C) secondary pollution.
D) One-time.
E) Simultaneously.
7. For the first time, ozone depletion was detected:
A) Over the North Pole, 1950
B) Over Australia, 1980
C) Over Africa, 1975
D) Over North America, 1945
E) Over the Antarctica, 1985
8. When the accident occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant:
A) April 1986
B) August 1991
C) September 1960
D) In March 1975
E) In May 1996
9. The edaphic factor is:
A) the destruction of species.
C) human activity.
C) soil conditions.
D) Climate change.
E) The relationship of organisms.
10.Organisms capable of enduring significant temperature fluctuations:
A) stenothermal.
C) stenobionts.
C) poikilohydric.
D) Oxybionts.
E) eurythermal.
11. Plants growing in conditions of high humidity:
A) xerophytes.
B) hygrophytes.
C) Psamophytes.
D) Mesophytes.
E) halophytes.
12. Artificial ecosystems resulting from human agricultural activities:
A) agroecosystem.
C) Biocenosis.
C) urobosystem.
D) Biogeocenosis.
E) Biotope.
13. Successive change of biocenoses:
A) station.
B) fluctuation.
C) oscillation.
D) Succession.
E) homeostasis.
14. The term "biocenosis" was introduced:
A) In 1990
B) In 2003
C) in 2000
D) In 1877
E) In 1999
15.Water cycle rate:
A) 1000 years.
C) 2000 years.
C) 2 million years.
D) 300 years.
E) 1.5 billion years
16. Aggregate state of water:
A) liquid and solid.
C) Liquid and miscellaneous.
C) Liquid, gaseous and miscellaneous.
D) Liquid, solid, gaseous.
E) Liquid and gaseous.
17.Monitoring of the biosphere:
A) national.
B) global.
C) regional.
D) Local.
E) local.
18.National environmental monitoring system:
A) national.
B) global.
C) regional.
D) District.
E) local.
19. According to the degree of purification, industrial waste is divided into:
A) Undergoing purification, not undergoing purification.
B) Ejected field cleaning.
C) Periodic and non-periodic.
D) Organized and unorganized.
E) hot and cold.
20. What species of plants and animals belong to the second category of the Red Book:
A) endangered species.
C) restored species.
C) unknown species.
D) Rare species.
E) Decreasing species.
21. What species of plants and animals belong to the fourth category of the Red Book:
A) restored species.
C) shrinking species.
C) unknown species.
D) Irretrievably extinct species.
E) rare species.
22. In what year was the West Altai Reserve formed:
A) In 1992
B) In 1978
C) In 1993
D) In 1974
E) In 1998
23. What role do predators play in communities:
A) increase the number of victims.
C) reduce the number of victims.
C) Reduce the number of victims.
D) Regulate the size and condition of the prey population.
E) Do not have any effect on the number of victims.
24. Industrial emissions according to the method of entering the atmosphere are divided into:
A) chemical and physical.
C) cold and hot.
C) organic and inorganic.
D) Organized and unorganized.
E) Gaseous, liquid and solid.
25. What is the temperature at an altitude of 500-600 km. Found in the thermosphere
A) Below 1500°C
C) 1500°C and above.
C) 650°C
D) 800°C
E) 150°C
Option 4
1. Ecology, revealing the general laws of the organization of life,
according to N.F. Reismer is called:
A) general.
B) applied.
C) social.
D) global.
E) theoretical.
2. The subject of research in ecology is:
A) species composition.
B) gas composition.
C) Macrosystems (population, biocenosis) and their dynamics.
D) Microsystems.
E) microorganisms.
3. Tolerance is the ability of the body
A) To withstand changes in the environment by the body.
C) form local forms.
C) the life of the organism.
D) Adapt to strictly defined conditions.
E) adapt to new conditions.
4. A set of individuals of the same species inhabiting a relatively isolated territory:
A) population.
C) Biocenosis.
C) community.
D) View.
E) Biogeocenosis.
5. Indicator reflecting the number of animals or the number of plants in the area:
A) Density.
B) number.
C) growth.
D) Mortality.
E) fertility.
6. Population distribution area:
A) Ecotope.
C) environmental factor.
C) area.
D) Ecological niche.
E) Zoogenic factor.
7. Albedo is:
A) reflectivity.
C) the ability to synthesize.
C) The ability to absorb.
D) Rise in temperature.
E) Selective permeability.
8. "Greenhouse effect" causes:
A) climate change.
C) the formation of ozone holes.
C) climate warming.
D) Acid fog.
E) acid rain.
9.Where are the main fresh water reserves located:
A) in the world's oceans.
B) in the hydrosphere.
C) in the lithosphere.
D) In the rivers.
E) in glaciers.
10. The highest biodiversity is found in:
A) Taiga.
B) steppes.
C) tundra.
D) Desert.
E) tropical forest.
11. Spatial structure in the plant part of the biocenosis:
A) Hierarchy.
B) layered.
C) Mosaic.
D) Cyclical.
E) adaptation.
12. The spatial structure of the biocenosis, which manifests itself in a change in vegetation and wildlife horizontally:
A) mosaic.
B) rage.
C) adaptation.
D) Hierarchy.
E) cycle.
13. The layer of the atmosphere, which is located at an altitude of up to 20 km from the surface of the earth, is:
A) mesosphere.
B) the stratosphere.
C) exosphere.
D) Troposphere.
E) the ionosphere.
A) 0.03%
C) 0.93%
C) 0.1%
D) 78.08%
E) 20.95%
15. What method of wastewater treatment is the sorption of pollutants
active mud:
A) mechanical.
B) biochemical.
C) Physical and chemical.
D) Ion exchange.
E) Neutralization.
16.What is used in biological wastewater treatment?
A) Adeorbents.
B) Aerotank.
C) Neutralizer.
D) Adeorber.
E) cation exchanger.
17.Monitoring carried out at the international level:
A) local.
B) regional.
C) predictable.
D) Global.
E) national.
18. What is the destructive function of living matter in the biosphere:
A) In creating favorable environmental conditions.
C) In creating the mineral basis of the soil.
C) In the creation of atmospheric compounds.
D) In the decomposition and mineralization of organic matter.
E) In the ability to concentrate inorganic substances.
19. In what year was the term “monitoring” introduced?
A) 1994
B) 1972
C) 1984
D) 1965
E) 1991
20. The reserve, created to preserve the saiga population:
A) Naurzumsky.
C) Markakolsky.
C) Alakolsky.
D) Barsakelmessky.
E) Almaty.
21. Where is the natural monument "Goose flight":
A) In the Magnitau region.
C) In the Karaganda region.
C) In the Kostanay region.
D) In Pavladar region.
E) In the East Kazakhstan region.
22. What does nature protection mean?
A) A set of works aimed at protecting the environment from pollution.
C) Preservation of the balance of ecological systems.
C) The cleanliness of the environment.
D) Protect the environment by using cleaners.
E) Protection of the biosphere and atmosphere from pollution.
23. Communication between species when one species is involved in the distribution of another:
A) trophic.
B) topical.
C) phoric.
D) Factory.
E) Symbiosis.
24. Fresh water reserves in nature are:
A) 21%
C) 30%
C) 3%
D) 10%
E) 90%
25. The transpiration rate is:
A) The quality of transpiration water to obtain 1 kg. dry matter.
C) Separation of atmosphere and water in an ecosystem.
C) The amount of transpiration water used to moisten the substance.
D) Physical hydration.
E) The amount of transpiration water to obtain 1 kg. dry matter.
Option 5
1.Creator of the doctrine of the natural selection of organisms:
A) Vernadsky V.
B) Shelford W.
C) Darwin C.
D) Lindeman R.
E) Tansley E.
2. Adaptive reactions of organisms are called:
A) Tolerance.
B) homeostasis.
D) Limiting factors.
E) Adaptation.
3. What factors include the totality of chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the soil:
A) edaphic.
B) biotic.
C) anthropogenic.
D) chemical.
E) physical.
4. The layer of the atmosphere that the biosphere covers:
A) Stratosphere.
B) Troposphere.
C) Magnetosphere.
D) Mesosphere.
E) Ionosphere.
5. Where is the ozone layer located:
A) In the hydrosphere.
B) In the stratosphere.
C) In the troposphere.
D) In the biosphere.
E) In the pedosphere.
6. The concentration of gas in the air in descending order:
A) Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide.
B) Nitrogen, oxygen, argon, CO2.
C) Nitrogen, Ar, O2.
D) Oxygen, NO, Ar.
E) Oxygen, nitrogen, argon.
7. What substances are called carcinogens?
A) Causing allergic diseases.
B) Causing chronic diseases.
C) Causing infectious diseases.
D) Causing cancer.
E) Causing tuberculosis.
8. The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on specially protected natural areas was created:
A) 2000
B) 1997
C) 1990
D) 1986
E) 1978
9. One of the first autecologists who connected the vital activity of various organisms with environmental conditions and information about their distribution:
A) Linnaeus.
B) Malthus.
C) Lavoisier.
D) Lamarck.
E) Haeckel.
10. Plants, the growth condition of which is increased moisture:
A) Hygrophytes.
B) Halophytes.
C) Mesophytes.
D) Psammophytes.
E) Xerophytes.
11. Survival curves are built for:
A) Reduced immigration of individuals.
B) Regulation of population density.
C) Regulation of mortality of individuals.
D) Birth control of individuals.
E) Studying the patterns of population dynamics.
12. Introduction of species into new habitats:
A) Oscillation.
B) Fluctuation.
C) Emigration.
D) Introduction.
E) Migration.
13. Population size is:
A) The number of species in a certain space.
B) Number of species per unit area.
C) The number of individuals per unit area.
D) The number of species included in it.
E) The number of individuals included in it.
14. Anthropogenic ecosystems include:
A) Agroecosystems, hydroecosystems.
B) Artificial ecosystems, urban ecosystems.
C) Urboecosystems, hydroecosystems.
D) Agroecosystems, urbanecosystems.
E) Specially protected areas.
15. Bodies resulting from the joint activity of living organisms and geological processes:
A) Living matter.
B) A radioactive substance.
C) Inert substance.
D) Bio-inert substance.
E) Biogenic substance.
16. The upper layer of the lithosphere:
A) Chemical compounds.
B) The energy of the sun.
C) Air.
D) Water.
E) Soil.
A) 0.1%
B) 0.03%
C) 78%
D) 21%
E) 0.93%
18. Oxidation products of primary emissions:
A) Formaldehydes.
B) Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen.
C) Freons.
D) Photooxidants.
E) Benzopyrene.
19. National environmental monitoring system:
A) National.
B) District.
C) Regional.
D) Local.
E) Global.
20. What percentage of agricultural land in Kazakhstan is marginal
(humus less than 4%):
A) 40.
B) 50.
C) 60.
D) 30.
E) 70.
21. The level of the Aral Sea began to decrease:
A) Since the 60s.
B) Since the 50s.
C) Since the 90s.
D) Since the 70s.
E) Since the 40s.
22. United Nations Environment Programme:
A) UNESCO.
B) FAO.
C) IAEA.
D) WHO.
E) UNEP.
23. Food (trophic) chain in ecosystems is:
A) Eating one organism by another.
B) Coexistence of producers, decomposers.
C) Coexistence of consumers and decomposers.
D) The transfer of food energy from its source through a number of organisms (by eating).
E) Transfer of food products from producers to decomposers.
24. The main properties of ecosystems include:
A) Succession, climax, stability, self-purification.
B) The ability to carry out the cycle of substances.
C) Homeostasis, productivity, succession, menopause, cycling, stability, self-purification.
D) Homeostasis, productivity, stability, self-purification.
E) Self-purification, stability, circulation of substances.
25. The bottom of the ocean or sea as a habitat for bottom organisms:
A) Littoral.
B) Planctoral.
C) Bental.
D) Sublittoral.
E) Pelagial.
Option 6
1. Three main areas of ecology:
A) Bioecology, hydroecology, de-ecology.
B) Hydroecology, atmoecology, lithoecology.
C) Zooecology, phytoecology, anthropoecology.
D) Autecology, synecology, de-ecology.
E) Physical, chemical, biological.
2. Types that determine the state of the environment:
A) Patients.
B) Indicators.
C) Dominants.
D) Edifiers.
E) Violet.
3. A group of factors determined by the impact of human activities on the environment:
A) Mechanical factors.
B) Space factors.
C) Physical factors.
D) Anthropogenic factors.
E) Climatic factors.
4. According to Vernadsky, free energy carriers are:
A) Animals.
B) Man.
C) Living organic matter.
D) Plants.
E) Microorganisms.
5. Albedo is:
A) Selective permeability.
B) The ability to absorb.
C) Rise in temperature.
D) The ability to synthesize.
E) Reflectivity.
6. Destruction and demolition of upper fertile rocks by wind or water flows:
A) Succession.
B) Recultivation.
C) erosion.
D) Reclamation.
E) Irrigation.
7. Number of species per unit area:
A) Population density.
B) Population size.
C) The abundance of the population.
D) Fertility.
E) Species diversity.
8. The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution was signed by:
A) In 1950
B) In 1940
C) In 1960
D) In 1990
E) In 1979
9. The subject of ecology is:
A) Study of the state of the hydrosphere.
B) Study of the ecological state of the biosphere.
C) Study of the ecological state of organisms.
D) Study of the state of the atmosphere.
E) Study of the state of the lithosphere.
10. What factors limit the course of some process, phenomenon or existence of an organism:
A) Limiting.
B) Extreme.
C) Climatic.
D) Abiotic.
E) Biotic.
11. An ecological niche is:
A) The set of conditions for the existence of a population.
B) The set of conditions for the existence of organisms.
C) Conditions for the existence of species.
D) Conditions for the existence of a population.
E) the place of the species in nature, mainly in the biocenosis, including both its position in space and its functional role in the community, its relation to the abiotic conditions of existence.
12. Omnivorous organisms:
A) Stenophagi.
B) Phagocytes.
C) Monophages.
D) Polyphages.
E) Detritivores.
13. Population fluctuation is:
A) Introduction.
B) Migration.
C) Oscillation.
D) Emigration.
E) Fluctuation.
14. A comprehensive study of groups of organisms that make up their unity and their relationship with the environment is the subject of:
A) Autecology.
B) Scientific ecology.
C) Synecology.
D) Demecology.
E) Bioecology.
15. Oxygen cycle rate:
A) 300 years.
B) 100 years.
C) 2 million years.
D) 1 billion years.
E) 2000 years.
16. Air pollutants are divided into:
A) Industrial and mechanical.
B) Household and agricultural.
C) Natural and anthropogenic.
D) Organizational and non-organizational.
E) Gas and solid.
17. Meteorological factors contributing to pollution are:
A) Natural processes affecting air pollution.
B) Pollution of the atmosphere under the influence of meteorological factors.
C) System of atmospheric pollution measures.
D) Pollution by meteorological phenomena and processes.
E) Influence of meteorological factors on air pollution.
18. The maximum - permissible concentration of substances in the aquatic environment is measured:
A) mg/l.
B) kg\kg.
C) mg/g.
D) mg/m.
E) mg\kg.
19. Environmental monitoring includes:
A) Research and regional.
B) Experimental and research.
C) Global and experimental.
D) National and research.
E) Global, Regional, Local
20. International Atomic Energy Agency:
A) UNEP.
B) IAEA.
C) FAO.
D) WHO.
E) IUCN.
21. In what waters of Kazakhstan are the main pollutants copper, oil products, zinc, nitrates, phenol, fluorine and some pesticides:
A) In groundwater.
B) In melt waters.
C) In groundwater.
D) In surface waters.
E) In lakes.
22. What does nature protection mean?
A) Maintaining the balance of ecological systems.
B) A set of works aimed at protecting the environment from pollution.
C) Protection of the biosphere and atmosphere from pollution.
D) Cleanliness of the environment.
E) Protect the environment by using cleaners.
23. Who was the first to substantiate the essence of the biological cycle of the main element of organic matter - carbon:
A) Malthus.T.
B) Lavoisier.A.
C) Lamarck.J.
D) Haeckel.E.
E) Linnaeus.K.
24. Homeostasis is:
A) Non-rigid equilibrium of the ecological system.
B) The balance of the ecological system.
C) Violation of the balance of the ecological system.
D) The constancy of the equilibrium of a mobile ecosystem.
E) Rigid balance of the ecological system.
25. The process of eliminating the smell of wastewater is called:
A) Deodorization.
B) Coagulation.
C) Sorption.
D) Crystallization.
E) Flotation.
Option 7
1. Ecology, which studies the relationship in the “human society-nature” system, is called according to N.F. Reimers:
A) social.
B) applied.
C) theoretical.
D) general.
E) global.
2. Living environments of organisms do not include:
A) Soil.
B) The bodies of living organisms.
C) Water.
D) Ground-air.
E) Anthropogenic.
3. Shade-loving plants:
A) Phytocenosis.
B) Halophytes.
C) Photoperiodism.
D) Heliophytes.
E) Sciophytes.
4. The doctrine of the biosphere was developed by:
A) V.I. Vernadsky.
B) I.P. Pavlov.
C) C. Darwin.
D) K. Linney.
E) J. B. Lamarck.
5. Biosphere is:
A) The gaseous envelope of the earth.
B) The area of distribution of life.
C) The hard shell of the earth.
D) Upper atmosphere.
E) The water shell of the earth.
6. Noise refers to pollution:
A) mechanical
B) viral
C) physical
D) biological
E) chemical
7. The combination of gaseous and solid impurities with fog or aerosol haze from vehicles:
A) Smog.
B) Detritus.
C) Endemic.
D) Repellent.
E) Technosphere.
8. With favorable abiotic factors, the population density may decrease due to:
A) Wind.
B) Light.
C) Predators.
D) climate.
E) Vegetation.
9. The community of organisms inhabiting a given territory is called:
A) Biocenosis.
B) an ecosystem.
C) population.
D) Biogeocenosis.
E) Ecotope.
10. Plants of dry habitats:
A) Mesophytes.
B) Halophytes.
C) Hygrophytes.
D) Xerophytes.
E) Psammophytes.
11. Place of the species in nature:
A) Locus.
B) Range.
C) Ecotope.
D) Biotope.
E) Ecological niche.
12. Species with limited distribution areas:
A) Violet.
B) Relics.
C) Endemic.
D) Ubiquists.
E) Cosmopolitans.
13. The population increases according to the law:
A) Liebig.
B) Shelford.
C) Arithmetic progression.
D) Geometric progression.
E) Tolerance.
14. What area does the hydrosphere occupy in the globe:
A) 100%
B) 90%
C) 39%
D) 71%
E) 12%
15. The microbiogenic biotic factor of the environment includes:
A) Environment.
B) Man.
C) Microbes and viruses.
D) Green spaces.
E) Animals.
16. What layers does the atmosphere consist of?
A) Lithosphere, pedosphere.
B) Hydrosphere, ionosphere.
C) Stratosphere, troposphere, ionosphere.
D) Pedosphere, hydrosphere.
E) Biosphere, noosphere.
17. A systematic quantitative and qualitative set of information on natural resources is:
A) Bonitet.
B) Accounting.
C) Certificate.
D) Help.
E) Cadastre.
A) 0.03%
B) 0.1%
C) 21.0%
D) 0.93%
E) 78%
19. Biological risk factors affecting human health include:
A) Quality food.
B) Natural and anthropogenic pathogens.
C) Environmental quality.
D) Infectious diseases.
E) Natural pathogens.
20. Monitoring of a single production:
A) Global.
B) Local.
C) District.
D) Predictable.
E) National.
21. The intake of various pollutants into the atmosphere of the territory of Kazakhstan from industrial sources in recent years is:
A) Up to 5 million tons.
B) From 3 million to 6 million tons.
C) More than 4 million tons.
D) About 4 million tons.
E) About 5 million tons.
22. Species of plants and animals belonging to the fourth category of the Red Book:
A) Shrinking views.
B) Irretrievably extinct species.
C) Rare species.
D) Unknown species.
E) Restored views.
23. Zoocenosis is:
24. Resource-saving technology is classified as:
A) Full use of natural resources.
B) Rational nature management.
C) Irrational nature management.
D) Strict limitation of emissions within the limits.
E) Reuse of production waste.
25. Environmental monitoring:
A) Observation of the state of the environment.
B) Release of pollutants into the environment.
C) Purification of industrial emissions.
D) Release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
E) Entry of plant residues into the soil.
Option 8
1. A typical cactus is a plant:
A) succulent
B) mesophyte
C) xerophyte
D) sirophyte
E) hygrophyte
2. Organisms of the same species, sufficiently well adapted to local conditions, form:
A) ecotype
B) fauna
C) society
D) flora
E) type
A) E. Haeckel.
B) Tunnels.
C) C. Darwin.
D) Suess.
E) V. Vernadsky.
4. According to the teachings of Vernadsky, the biosphere consists of the following components:
A) Living and non-living.
B) Biokosnoe.
C) Living, inert, bio-inert, biogenic.
D) Inert and organic.
E) Organic and inorganic.
5. The volume of fresh water in the hydrosphere:
A) 25%
B) 3%
C) 0.5%
D) 0.3%
E) 17%
6. Most of the territory of Kazakhstan belongs to the natural zone:
A) Deserts.
B) Lesov.
C) Forest-steppes.
D) Semi-deserts.
E) Steppes.
7. Type of specially protected natural area where agriculture is allowed and environmental activities are carried out:
A) Preserves.
B) Reserves.
C) Recreation zones.
D) City squares.
E) National parks.
8. The Treaty on Antarctica between the USSR, the USA, England, France and other countries was signed:
A) In 1980
B) In 1990
C) In 1959
D) In 1970
E) In 1960
9. The golden age of ecology was considered:
A) 20th century
B) 16th century
C) 18th century
D) 17th century
E) 15th century
10. What is the name of the process of synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic ones due to the energy of light:
A) Succession.
B) homeostasis.
C) Photosynthesis.
D) Photoperiodism.
E) Synthesis.
11. Autotrophs:
A) Insects
B) Animals.
C) Worms.
D) Mushrooms.
E) Plants
12. Types of fossil animals that have survived to this day:
A) Violet.
B) Cosmopolitans.
C) Ubiquists.
D) Endemic.
E) Relics.
13. Statistical characteristics of the population:
A) Number, density, biomass.
B) Number and age composition, birth rate.
C) Number (density), biomass, age and sex composition.
D) Population biomass, fertility, mortality.
E) Density, biomass, age composition.
14. Dynamic indicators of the population:
A) Rates of births, deaths and emigration.
B) Birth rate, death rate, rate of immigration and emigration.
C) Speed of immigration and emigration.
D) Fertility and mortality of organisms.
E) The values of the specific birth rate and mortality.
15. Sequential change of biocenoses:
A) Dynamics.
B) homeostasis.
C) Succession.
D) Station.
E) Sublimation.
16. The largest nuclear test site in Kazakhstan:
A) Taisoigan.
B) Azgir.
C) Naryn.
D) Semipalatinsk.
E) Kapustin Yar.
17. The system of living organisms and those around them from inorganic bodies, interconnected by the flow of energy and the circulation of substances:
A) Biocenosis.
B) Ecosystem.
C) Biogeocenosis.
D) Biome.
E) Biotope.
18. The water cycle includes:
A) In a small circulation of substances.
B) In the biogenic cycle of elements.
C) In the biochemical cycle of elements.
D) In a big cycle.
E) Into the biological cycle.
19. What method of water treatment is neutralization?
A) Thermal.
B) Physical.
C) Physical and chemical.
D) Chemical.
E) Biochemical.
20. Area of moderately degraded land in Kazakhstan:
A) 66 million hectares.
B) 76 million hectares.
C) 50 million ha.
D) 36 million hectares.
E) 100 million hectares.
21. Monitoring carried out at the international level:
A) National.
B) Local.
C) Regional.
D) Global.
E) Predictable.
22. The UN International Conference at the level of Heads of State and Government “Environment and Development” was held where and when:
A) In Stockholm in 1972.
B) In Moscow in 1982
C) In New York in 1996.
D) In Helsinki in 1975
E) In Rio de Janeiro in 1992
23. The composition of domestic wastewater includes the following:
A) Phenamines, surfactants, microorganisms.
B) Soil, sand.
C) Rain water.
D) Hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide.
E) Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy products.
24. The boundary of the penetration of life in the biosphere in its oceanic part:
A) 3 km.
B) 100 km.
C) 15 km.
D) 200 km.
E) 11 km.
25. Sustainable development means:
A) The development of society along an exponential curve.
B) Meeting the vital needs of the present generation without depriving future generations of such opportunities.
C) Demographic growth of the population.
D) Creation of a free society.
E) Satisfying your needs.
Option 9
1. Classification of anthropogenic pollution:
A) Pollution by physical substances.
B) Associated with human activities.
C) Chemical pollution.
D) Biological and microbiological.
E) Pollution by mechanical substances.
2. Abiotic factor:
3. Organisms synthesizing organic substances from inorganic substances in the process of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis are called:
A) Phytocenoses
B) heterotrophs
C) endemics
D) Biocenoses
E) Autotrophs
4. Air shell of the earth:
A) Hydrosphere.
B) Lithosphere.
C) Biosphere.
D) Atmosphere.
E) Noosphere.
5. The doctrine of the noosphere was developed by:
A) Harper.
B) Vernadsky.
C) Dokuchaev.
D) Odum.
E) Darwin.
6. Pollution of the natural environment by living organisms that cause various diseases in humans is called:
A) radioactive.
B) physical.
C) biological.
D) chemical.
E) Chronic.
7. Reserve created to preserve the saiga population:
A) Naurzum.
B) Almaty.
C) Alakolsky.
D) Barsakelmessky.
E) Markakolsky.
8. Number of national parks in Kazakhstan:
A) 15
B) 7
C) 1
D) 12
E) 6
9. The terms “ecology” and “benthos” were proposed by:
A) Haeckel.E.
B) Shelford.V.
C) Lindemann.R.
D) Humboldt.A.
E) Darwin.Ch.
10. What is the positive role of ultraviolet rays:
A) Participation in the synthesis of the vitamin in animals.
B) Strengthening the total amount of light.
C) Role in the energy cycle.
D) Participation in photosynthesis.
E) Protection of the ozone layer.
11. Organisms capable of enduring significant temperature fluctuations:
A) Stenobionts.
B) Poikilohydric.
C) Eurythermal.
D) Oxybionts.
E) Stenothermal.
12. Population growth rate is:
A) Periodic changes in the number of individuals.
B) Changes in population size.
C) Change in population size per unit of time.
D) Seasonal changes in the number of species.
E) Random changes in the number of individuals.
13. Deviation of population size from its average value:
A) Oscillation.
B) Fluctuation.
C) Introduction.
D) Migration.
E) Adaptation.
14. Population fluctuations:
A) Introduction.
B) Emigration.
C) Fluctuation.
D) Oscillation.
E) Migration.
15. According to the type of nutrition, green plants and photosynthetic bacteria are:
A) Heterotrophs.
B) Autotrophs.
C) Reducers.
D) Mixotrophs.
E) Saprophages.
16. What type of ecosystems does stagnant water belong to:
A) Tape type.
B) Wetlands.
C) Lotic type.
D) lakes.
E) Ponds.
17. Thickness of the ozone layer:
A) 3mm.
B) 10km.
C) 10m.
D) 2-3km.
E) 2-3m.
18. The water resources of the planet consist of:
A) Glaciers, atmospheric humidity, rivers, groundwater.
B) Underground springs, seas, oceans, rivers, reservoirs.
C) Oceans, rivers, reservoirs, moisture.
D) Surface, underground, glaciers, atmospheric and soil moisture.
E) Humidity of the earth, surface waters, rivers.
19. A set of measures aimed at restoring disturbed territories:
A) Stratification.
B) Stagnation.
C) Recreation.
D) Reclamation.
E) Monitoring.
20. Deflation is:
A) Air pollution.
B) Stream erosion of soils.
C) Water erosion of soils.
D) Groundwater pollution.
E) Wind erosion of soils.
21. Physical and chemical processes of wastewater treatment:
A) Neutralization and reagent purification.
B) Flotation and extraction.
C) Natural cleaning.
D) Oxidation and extraction.
E) Settling and filtration.
A) Small swan.
B) Four-stripe runner.
C) Red wolf, European mink, Kyzylkum argali.
D) Desman, kulan, yellow heron.
E) Snow leopard, lynx, bat.
23. The main ways to clean the atmosphere from dust:
A) Flotation.
B) Object and regional.
C) Dry and wet.
D) Gravitational and inertial.
E) Mechanical and electrical.
24. What is natural conditions is:
A) Appropriate nature of use to local conditions.
B) The potential capacity of the natural system.
C) Suitability of uses for local conditions.
D) The ability to move from one state to another.
E) The totality of objects, phenomena and factors of the natural environment.
25. How many pollutants are emitted into the environment by industrial enterprises of the East Kazakhstan region per year:
A) 410 thousand tons
B) More than 2 million tons.
C) 1960 thousand tons.
D) 2230 thousand tons
E) 360 thousand tons.
Option 10
1. Who first introduced the word "ecology":
A) V. Sukachev.
B) J. Liebig.
C) E. Haeckel.
D) Jean-Jacques-Rousseau.
E) V. Vernadsky.
2. Founder of the population approach in ecology:
A) Lamarck J.
B) Haeckel E.
C) Lavoisier A.
D) Linnaeus K.
E) Malthus T.
3. Sources of soil pollution:
A) Toxic substances.
B) Pesticides.
C) Freons.
D) Carcinogenic substances.
E) Substances from any sources of pollution.
4. What formula is used to determine the mortality of a population:
A) C=∆N\∆t
B) R=4PR
C) S=V*t
D) A=t*S
E) C=∆N\N∆t
5. Inexhaustible natural resources include:
A) Plant world.
B) Underground resources.
C) soil.
D) Space, climatic, water.
E) Animal world.
6. What are the undesirable effects of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere?
A) Contribute to long wave thermal radiation emitted from the surface of the earth.
B) Reduce visibility in the atmosphere.
C) Destroy the ozone layer.
D) Cause cancer.
E) Delay thermal radiation.
7. The Law “On Environmental Protection” of the Republic of Kazakhstan was adopted:
A) In 1994
B) In 1997
C) In 2001
D) In 1989
E) In 1990
8. The initiator of the organization of the environmental movement "Nevada-Semey" was:
A) Segizbaev T.
B) Suleimenov O.
C) Solzhenitsyn V.
D) Asylbekov A.
E) Nurkadilov Z.
9. Environmental factors are divided into:
A) Abiotic, biotic, anthropogenic.
B) Ground, soil.
C) Abiotic, biotic.
D) Physical, chemical, biological.
E) Climatic, space.
10. Light-loving plants:
A) Psammophytes.
B) Heliophytes.
C) Xerophytes.
D) Halophytes.
E) Sciophytes.
11. Find abiotic factors:
A) Microbiogenic.
B) Photogenic.
C) Zootic.
D) Orographic.
E) Anthropogenic.
12. Spatial structure in the plant part of the biocenosis:
A) Cyclical.
B) Layered.
C) Mosaic.
D) Hierarchy.
E) Adaptation.
13. What type of ecosystems are flowing waters?
A) lakes.
B) Belt type.
C) Lotic type.
D) Ocean.
E) Wetlands.
14. What is the name of the animal community?
A) Zoocenosis.
B) Mycocenosis.
C) Biocenosis.
D) Microbiocenosis.
E) Biogecocenosis.
15. The boundary of the penetration of life in the hydrosphere:
A) 11km.
B) 4km.
C) 15km.
D) 30m.
E) 27-25km.
16. 80% of the air is concentrated in:
A) the ionosphere.
B) Stratosphere.
C) Troposphere.
D) Mesosphere.
E) Exosphere.
17. Xenobiotic is:
A) Type of microfertilizer used in agriculture.
B) A substance useful to organisms.
C) Substance foreign to organisms.
D) A substance that pollutes the environment.
E) Vehicle exhaust component.
18. A single measure of water use in settlements:
A) M/min
B) L\year.
C) M/day
D) M\year.
E) L \ day.
19. What is the basis of the electrochemical method of wastewater treatment:
A) Milk of lime.
B) Electric current.
C) Anion exchangers and cation exchangers.
D) Cation exchangers.
E) Anion exchangers.
20. In what year was the term monitoring introduced?
A) 1994.
B) 1991.
C) 1965.
D) 1972.
E) 1984.
21. Natural monument “Goose flight” is located:
A) In the Mangistau region.
B) In the Kostanay region.
C) In the East Kazakhstan region.
D) In Pavlodar region.
E) In the Karaganda region.
22. Species of plants and animals belonging to the second category of the Red Book:
A) Restored views.
B) Unknown species.
C) Rare species.
D) Decreasing species.
E) Endangered species.
23. Settlement of plants with the help of animals:
A) Zoochory.
B) Phoresia.
C) Anemochory.
D) Succession.
E) Hydrochoria.
24. Greenhouse gases help stop:
A) Ultraviolet rays.
B) Physiologically active radiation.
C) sunshine.
D) infrared rays.
E) Long-wave thermal radiation.
25. Animal species of the Republic of Kazakhstan, listed in the International Red Book:
A) Kulan, cheetah, white crane, pink flamingo, pelican.
B) Small gopher, gray wolf.
C) Lizard, toad, tiger.
D) Bat, whooper swan.
E) Mountain goat, argali.
CODES OF CORRECT ANSWERS
| option | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
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| 2 | AT | E | E | AT | E | BUT | FROM | FROM | E | D | D | AT | FROM | E | FROM | D | AT | BUT | BUT | BUT | AT | FROM | BUT | D | D |
| 3 | E | AT | E | FROM | AT | FROM | E | BUT | FROM | E | AT | BUT | D | D | FROM | D | AT | BUT | BUT | E | FROM | BUT | D | D | AT |
| 4 | E | FROM | BUT | BUT | AT | FROM | BUT | FROM | E | E | AT | BUT | D | E | FROM | AT | D | D | AT | D | D | BUT | FROM | FROM | E |
| 5 | FROM | E | BUT | AT | AT | AT | D | AT | BUT | BUT | E | D | E | D | D | E | AT | FROM | BUT | FROM | BUT | E | D | FROM | FROM |
| 6 | D | AT | D | FROM | E | FROM | BUT | E | AT | BUT | E | D | FROM | FROM | E | FROM | BUT | BUT | E | AT | D | AT | AT | D | BUT |
| 7 | AT | E | E | BUT | AT | FROM | BUT | FROM | BUT | D | E | FROM | D | D | FROM | FROM | E | BUT | AT | AT | E | D | D | AT | BUT |
| 8 | BUT | BUT | E | FROM | AT | D | BUT | FROM | BUT | FROM | E | E | FROM | AT | FROM | D | AT | D | D | AT | D | E | BUT | E | AT |
| 9 | AT | BUT | E | D | AT | FROM | D | E | BUT | BUT | FROM | FROM | AT | FROM | AT | BUT | BUT | D | D | E | AT | FROM | E | E | D |
| 10 | FROM | E | E | BUT | D | E | AT | AT | FROM | AT | D | AT | FROM | BUT | BUT | FROM | FROM | E | AT | D | D | D | BUT | E | BUT |
Administrative control
test in the discipline "Ecology" for students of the 1st year
1 option
1. The living shell of the Earth, that is, the system of living organisms and the environment that functions and develops as a whole, is
a) hydrosphere c) atmosphere b) biosphere d) lithosphere
2. The main "work":
a) Biosphere c) Lithosphere b) Hydrosphere d) Atmosphere
3. Suggested the term "ecology":
A) B) E. Haeckel. C) . D) C. Darwin. E) .
4 . Ecology is a science that studies:
5. One of the tasks of ecology is the study of:
BUT) Patterns of distribution of living organisms in space.
C) structural features of a plant cell.
C) The chemical composition of natural waters.
D) The temperature regime of the lake.
E) The structure of the earth's crust.
6. Environmental factors are anthropogenic:
A) volcanic eruptions.
B) terrain.
C) Mechanical and organic composition of the soil.
D) Construction of a hydroelectric power station.
E) weather conditions.
7. The Red Book contains information about:
D) The climatic zones of the Earth.
E) The chemical composition of the earth's crust
8. Abiotic factors of the natural environment are:
A) Populations of aquatic organisms in an aquatic ecosystem.
B) Meadow grasses.
C) Mosses and lichens of terrestrial ecosystems.
D) Chemical elements of the soil.
E) Predator population.
9. Biotic factors of the natural environment are:
A) Depth of an aquatic ecosystem.
B) The acidity of the soil environment.
C) Mammals of the tundra ecosystem.
D) Temperature regime of the aquatic ecosystem.
E) Altitude above sea level.
10 . In the forest ecosystem, biotic factors include:
A) The structure and acidity of the soil.
C) Terrain and height above sea level.
E. Level and temperature of groundwater. E). Herbaceous and shrubby vegetation.
11. The population is:
A) A group of organisms of the same species occupying a certain space, able to freely interbreed and function as part of a biotic community.
B) A group of organisms of different species occupying a certain space and functioning as part of a biotic community.
C) A set of individuals of one community, occupying a certain space and functioning as part of a biotic community.
D) A collection of individuals of one flock occupying a certain space and functioning as part of a biotic community.
E) A set of individuals of one family occupying a certain space and functioning as part of a biotic community.
12. The number of newly formed individuals in a population per unit of time is called:
A) Number. B) Density. C) fertility. D) Mortality. E) Ecological niche.
13. The term "ecosystem" was first introduced by:
A) A. Tensley. B) J. Liebig. C) C. Darwin. D) E. Haeckel. E) V. Sukachev.
14. The ecosystem is called:
A) A community of plant organisms that provide the biocenosis as a whole with energy.
B) The totality of autotrophic organisms.
C) A certain number of consumers that provide energy transfer.
D) Community of decomposers that decompose dead organic matter.
E) The community of living organisms, united by the flow of energy and the circulation of substances.
15. The biotic factors of the natural environment include:
A) The chemical composition of water and the temperature regime of the aquatic ecosystem.
B) Population of hares in the steppe ecosystem.
C) Climatic factors.
D) Depth of the aquatic ecosystem.
E) Humidity of atmospheric air.
16. Plants in an ecosystem play a role:
A) Break down organic matter into inorganic matter.
B) Synthesize organic substances from inorganic.
C) They are energy consumers of trophic level II.
D) They are energy consumers of the III trophic level.
E) They are energy consumers of the IY trophic level.
17. Resilience of natural ecosystems not associated with:
A) High plant productivity.
B) Intensive work of microorganisms.
C) Great species diversity.
D) The circulation of air masses in the atmosphere.
E) High rate of nutrient cycling.
18. The community is characterized by minimal biomass productivity:
BUT). A tropical forest. AT). Taiga. C). Tundra. D). Steppe. E). Deciduous forest.
19 . Communities are characterized by maximum biomass productivity:
BUT). A tropical forest. C). Desert. C). Alpine tundra. D). Taiga. E). Arctic tundra.
20. Plant organisms use energy in the course of their life:
A) electrical. B) Mechanical C) Thermal. D) light. E) Sound.
21. Depletion of the ozone layer can lead to:
A) Reducing biological diversity.
B) Increasing biological diversity.
C) Increasing the reserves of the Earth's energy resources.
D) An increase in the number of terrestrial vertebrates.
E) Global cooling.
22 . The main greenhouse gas is:
A) sulfur dioxide B) ozone C) carbon dioxide D) carbon monoxide E) methane
23. The Earth's ozone layer is located
A) troposphere B) stratosphere C) ionosphere E) lower atmosphere E) tropopause
24. Undesirable effect in the biosphere due to refrigerators:
A) to the cooling of the climate
B) To a decrease in the ozone layer of the atmosphere
C) To increase oxygen in the atmosphere
D) Lakes and the open ocean.
E) Taiga and steppes
2. The lowest biomass productivity is characterized by:
A) Belovezhskaya Pushcha Reserve.
B) Orchard.
C) the Sahara desert.
D) Steppes of temperate latitudes.
E) Deciduous forest.
3. One of the main destroying agents of the planet's ozone screen are:
A). Heavy metals. B). Methane. C). Oxides of carbon. D). Freons. e). Sulfur gases.
4 . The layer that protects the Earth's surface from harsh ultraviolet rays is:
A) troposphere B) tropopause C) exosphere D) ozone layer E) air layer
5. Main air pollutants:
A) Dust, gases, mists, aerosols
C) Dust, nitrogen oxides
C) Heavy metal oxides
D) Nitrogen oxides, sulfur, dust
E) Dust, gases
6. Ecology is a science that studies:
A) The structure of the cells of living organisms and their functions.
B) Problems of the emergence and development of life on Earth.
C) Impact of human activities on the environment.
D) Patterns of interaction of organisms with each other and with the environment.
E) Activities aimed at restoring biodiversity.
7. Anthropogenic sources of pollution of water bodies do not include:
A) Agriculture
B) Oil fields
C) Volcanoes and geysers
D) Industrial enterprises
E) Soil pollution
8. Soil is a bio-inert substance of the biosphere, because it consists of:
A) Plants.
B) Limestones.
C) hard coal.
D) Dead organics and mineral particles.
E) Igneous rock
9. The abiotic factors of the natural environment include:
A) A community of living organisms in a desert ecosystem.
B) Temperature and humidity of atmospheric air.
C) The composition of the plant community of the tundra ecosystem.
D) Phytoplankton of the aquatic ecosystem.
E) Population of hares in the forest ecosystem.
10 .There was an accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant?
a) 1963 b) 1957 c) 1986 d) 1961
11. The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere:
A) Delays the thermal radiation of the earth
C) It is a protective shield against ultraviolet radiation
C) Formed as a result of industrial pollution
D) Helps break down pollutants
12 . Inexhaustible natural resources:
A) Atmospheric precipitation.
B) Minerals.
C) Land resources.
D) Biological resources of the sea.
E) Biological resources of land.
13. Biotic factors of the desert ecosystem:
A) Air temperature. B) Camel thorn.
C) Soil acidity. D) Wind. E) The duration of the light part of the day.
14. The causes of desertification are not:
A) overgrazing B) logging C) salinization E) overexpenditure of groundwater
E) planting a forest
15. Lithosphere - the solid shell of the Earth, includes:
A) Earth's crust and upper mantle
B) the earth's crust
C) the Earth's upper and lower mantle
D) Two shells and a core
E) Solid layer 3 km deep
16. Nature protection is:
A) A set of measures aimed at maintaining, preserving and restoring energy resources.
B) The use of natural resources for the production of a certain type of final product.
C) A system of activity designed to ensure the economical exploitation of natural resources and the most efficient mode of their reproduction, which does not lead to a change in the parameters of the components of the biosphere.
D) The totality of all forms of exploitation of the natural resource potential of territories;
E) The use of natural resources in the process of social production.
17 . Urbanization is:
A) Emigration of the urban population to the countryside.
B) Increase in urban population.
C) Promotion of a healthy lifestyle.
D) Development of communications in rural areas.
18. The most important component of the ecosystem of a modern city are:
A) Comfortable dwellings.
B) Roads and transport.
C) Industrial enterprises.
D) Services and entertainment industries.
E) Green spaces.
19. One of the global environmental problems is:
A) Disposal of toxic production waste.
B) Reduction of the ozone layer.
D) Expansion of the INTERNET network.
E) Construction of high-rise buildings.
20 . Natural resources are exhaustible:
A) Atmospheric precipitation.
B) Water resources of the Earth.
C) Cosmic radiation.
D) Plant resources of the planet.
21. The most fertile soils are:
A) gray forest B) chestnut C) brown D) chernozem E) gray soil
27 . Exhaustible natural resources:
A). Solar radiation.
B) Wind energy.
C) Soil resources.
D) Tidal energy.
E) The energy of the earth's interior.
28. Environmental monitoring is:
A) Continuous monitoring of the state of the natural environment.
B) Sociological survey of the population.
C) Study of the composition of the earth's crust.
D) Study of hereditary diseases.
E) Study of the species composition of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
29 . « The Red Book" contains information about:
A) Rare species of living organisms.
B) Rare minerals.
C) Location of oil deposits.
D) The climatic zones of the Earth.
E) The chemical composition of the earth's crust.
30. AND residential development is separated from the industrial enterprise:
A) Sanitary protection zone
B) a fence
C) a hedge
D) Flame transfer zone
E) channel
Sample answers
1 option 2 option
1-B 1-D
2-A 2-C
3-E 3-D
4-D 4-D
5-A 5-D
6-D 6-D
7-A 7-C
8-D 8-D
9-C 9-B
10-E 10-B
11-A 11-B
12-C 12-A
13-E 13-B
14-C 14-B
15-B 15-A
16-B 16-A
17-D 17-B
18-C 18-E
19-A 19-B
20-D 20-D
21-A 21-D
22-C 22-D
23-C 23-E
24-B 24-A
25-B 25-E
26-B 26-S
27-C 27-C
28-E 28-A
29-D 29-A
30-A 30-A
Evaluation criteria:
Up to 5% - excellent
Up to 10% - good
Up to 40% - satisfactory
More than 40% - unsatisfactory
Ecology course test (university program)
1. What is the percentage of nitrogen in the air?
a) 20.93%
b) 0.93%
C) 78.09%
d) 54.13%
2. Which shell of the earth includes such components as the earth's crust, mantle, soil layer?
a) atmosphere
b) hydrosphere
c) biosphere
D) lithosphere
3. Which of the environmental factors is not abiotic?
A) deforestation
b) climate
c) relief
d) magnetic field
4. Which of the sections of ecology includes a set of measures aimed at ensuring the preservation of human health and the protection of the natural environment?
a) global ecology
b) human ecology
B) engineering ecology
d) ecology of the people
5. Who is the founder of ecology?
A) E. Haeckel
b) R. Descartes
c) F. Nietzsche
d) Z. Freud
6. What are the names of plants that create organic matter from inorganic with the help of the environment?
A) producers
b) decomposers
c) consumers
d) detritophages
7. Which group of natural resources includes oil, gas, peat?
a) mineral raw materials
B) energy
c) water
d) environmental protection
8. What does not apply to the sources of air pollution?
a) dust storms
b) forest fires
c) volcanic eruption
D) sewage of housing and communal services
9. What is the name of the measure of the dose of radioactive exposure?
a) becquerel
B) rem
c) decay
d) activity
10. Which region of the Russian Federation was not affected by the East Urals radioactive trace?
A) Perm
b) Chelyabinsk
c) Sverdlovsk
d) Kurgan
11. What does not apply to physical environmental pollutants?
a) noise
b) vibration
c) electromagnetic radiation
D) radioactive emissions
11. Which of the presented energy chains is complex?
a) xenobiotic - air - man
B) xenobiotic - soil - plant - man
c) xenobiotic - water - man
d) xenobiotic - food - man
12. Based on what are the maximum allowable emissions of harmful substances calculated (choose the wrong option)?
a) the number of pollution sources
b) the height of the pollution sources
C) the presence of water bodies near sources of pollution
d) distribution of emissions in time and space
13. In what zone of the smoke plume is the maximum concentration of emissions?
a) flare transfer zone
B) smoke zone
c) suffocation zone
d) zone of gradual decrease in the level of pollution
14. How should a residential building be separated from an industrial enterprise?
A) sanitary protection zone
b) a fence
c) a hedge
d) torch transfer zone
15. What equipment does not belong to equipment for gas cleaning by a dry method?
a) cyclones
b) porous-fabric filters
c) electrostatic precipitators
D) scrubber
16. What kind of electrostatic precipitators are there?
a) framework
b) sleeve
c) roll
D) lamellar
17. What process does not apply to mechanical cleaning from suspensions and dispersion-colloidal particles?
a) straining
B) absorption
c) upholding
d) filtering
18. What distance (the length of the sanitary protection zone) should be from a power transmission line with a voltage of 750 kV to protect against electromagnetic fields of the power transmission line?
A) 250m
b) 100m
c) 75m
d) 25m
19. As a result of which production, the impact on the environment does not exceed the level allowed by sanitary and hygienic standards?
a) non-waste
B) low-waste
c) water
d) engineering
20. What class of waste is the most hazardous?
A) 1st grade
b) 2nd grade
c) 3rd grade
d) 4th grade
21. What is secondary energy resources?
a) coal
b) wood fuel
c) electricity
D) heat of combustion products
22. Why can't treated wastewater be used?
a) watering sports facilities
b) fire fighting
B) food preparation
d) sidewalk washing
23. What region is affected by the largest number of radiation hazardous objects?
a) Moscow
B) Chelyabinsk
c) Novosibirsk
d) Tula
24. What is not an object of international legal protection of the natural environment?
a) air pool
b) space
c) Antarctica
D) animal world
25. What percentage of the planet's surface (approximately) is covered by the world's oceans?
a) 20%
b) 40%
C) 70%
d) 90%
26. What does the international environmental organization IAEA do?
A) nuclear safety
b) maritime navigation
c) healthcare
d) world food resources
27. What does not apply to the methods (instruments) of legal protection?
a) ecological expertise
B) environmental forecast
c) environmental audit
d) environmental certification
28. Taking into account what the maximum allowable concentration of chemicals in food is set (select the wrong answer)?
a) acceptable daily dose
b) allowable daily intake
c) the amount of the product in the daily diet
D) the cost of the product
29. What methods of environmental control are based on the use of probing fields?
a) contact
B) non-contact
c) biological
d) anthropogenic
30. What is an example of local environmental monitoring?
A) air pollution control system on highways
b) natural areas
c) landscape complexes
d) earthquake forecast
31. Which region ranks first in the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere from stationary sources?
A) Krasnoyarsk Territory
b) Chelyabinsk
c) Moscow
d) Tyumen
32. Where are the largest reserves of fresh water concentrated?
a) groundwater
b) lakes
c) rivers
D) polar ice, glaciers
33. What value of the coefficient of complexity of processing of raw materials refers production to waste-free?
A) 96%
b) 76%
c) 56%
d) 36%
34. In what year did the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant occur?
a) 1963
b) 1957
B) 1986
