Take care of your honor from a young age.
Proverb

CHAPTER I. SERGEANT OF THE GUARD.

- Tomorrow he would be a captain of the guard.

- That’s not necessary; let him serve in the army.

- Well said! let him push...

…………………………………………….

Who's his father?

Knyazhnin.
My father Andrei Petrovich Grinev in his youth served under Count Minich, and retired as prime minister in 17.. Since then, he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilyevna Yu., the daughter of a poor nobleman there. There were nine of us children. All my brothers and sisters died in infancy.

Mother was still pregnant with me, as I had already been enlisted in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the grace of Major of the Guard Prince B., a close relative of ours. If, beyond all hope, mother had given birth to a daughter, then the priest would have announced the death of the sergeant who had not appeared, and that would have been the end of the matter. I was considered on leave until I finished my studies. At that time, we were not brought up like today. From the age of five I was given into the hands of the eager Savelich, who was granted my uncle status for his sober behavior. Under his supervision, in my twelfth year, I learned Russian literacy and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog. At this time, the priest hired a Frenchman for me, Monsieur Beaupré, who was discharged from Moscow along with a year's supply of wine and Provençal oil. Savelich did not like his arrival very much. “Thank God,” he grumbled to himself, “it seems the child is washed, combed, and fed. Where should we spend the extra money, and hire monsieur, as if our people were gone!”

Beaupré was a hairdresser in his homeland, then a soldier in Prussia, then he came to Russia pour Étre outchitel, not really understanding the meaning of this word. He was a kind fellow, but flighty and dissolute to the extreme. His main weakness was his passion for the fair sex; Not infrequently, for his tenderness, he received pushes, from which he groaned for whole days. Moreover, he was not (as he put it) an enemy of the bottle, that is, (speaking in Russian) he loved to drink too much. But since we served wine only at dinner, and then only in small glasses, and the teachers usually carried it around, my Beaupre very soon got used to the Russian liqueur, and even began to prefer it to the wines of his fatherland, as it was much healthier for the stomach. We hit it off immediately, and although according to the contract he was obliged to teach me French, German and all sciences, he preferred to quickly learn from me how to chat in Russian - and then each of us went about our own business. We lived in perfect harmony. I didn't want any other mentor. But soon fate separated us, and for this reason:

The washerwoman Palashka, a fat and pockmarked girl, and the crooked cowwoman Akulka somehow agreed at the same time to throw themselves at mother’s feet, blaming themselves for their criminal weakness and complaining with tears about the monsieur who had seduced their inexperience. Mother didn’t like to joke about this, and complained to the priest. His reprisal was short. He immediately demanded the Frenchman's channel. They reported that Monsieur was giving me his lesson. Father went to my room. At this time, Beaupre was sleeping on the bed in the sleep of innocence. I was busy with business. You need to know that a geographical map was issued for me from Moscow. It hung on the wall without any use and had long tempted me with the width and goodness of the paper. I decided to make snakes out of it, and taking advantage of Beaupre's sleep, I set to work. Father came in at the same time as I was adjusting the bast tail to the Cape of Good Hope. Seeing my exercises in geography, the priest pulled me by the ear, then ran up to Beaupre, woke him up very carelessly, and began to shower him with reproaches. Beaupre, in confusion, wanted to get up, but could not: the unfortunate Frenchman was dead drunk. Seven troubles, one answer. Father lifted him out of bed by the collar, pushed him out of the door, and on the same day drove him out of the yard, to Savelich’s indescribable joy. That was the end of my upbringing.

I lived as a teenager, chasing pigeons and playing chakharda with the yard boys. Meanwhile, I was sixteen years old. Then my fate changed.

One autumn, my mother was making honey jam in the living room and I, licking my lips, looked at the seething foam. Father at the window was reading the Court Calendar, which he received annually. This book always had a strong influence on him: he never re-read it without special participation, and reading this always produced in him an amazing excitement of bile. Mother, who knew by heart all his habits and customs, always tried to shove the unfortunate book as far away as possible, and thus the Court Calendar did not come into his sight sometimes for entire months. But when he found it by chance, he would not let it out of his hands for hours at a time. So the priest read the Court Calendar, occasionally shrugging his shoulders and repeating in a low voice: “Lieutenant General!.. He was a sergeant in my company!... Knight of both Russian orders!.. How long ago have we been...” Finally, the priest threw the calendar on the sofa , and plunged into reverie, which did not bode well.

Suddenly he turned to his mother: “Avdotya Vasilyevna, how old is Petrusha?”

“Yes, I’ve reached my seventeenth year,” answered my mother. - Petrusha was born in the same year that Aunt Nastasya Garasimovna became sad, and when else...

“Okay,” interrupted the priest, “it’s time for him to go into service. It’s enough for him to run around the maidens and climb dovecotes.”

The thought of imminent separation from me struck my mother so much that she dropped the spoon into the saucepan and tears streamed down her face. On the contrary, it is difficult to describe my admiration. The thought of service merged in me with thoughts of freedom, of the pleasures of St. Petersburg life. I imagined myself as a guard officer, which in my opinion was the height of human well-being.

Father did not like to change his intentions or postpone their implementation. The day for my departure was set. The day before, the priest announced that he intended to write with me to my future boss, and demanded pen and paper.

“Don’t forget, Andrei Petrovich,” said mother, “to bow to Prince B. for me; I say I hope that he will not abandon Petrusha with his favors.”

What nonsense! - answered the priest, frowning. - Why on earth would I write to Prince B.?

“But you said that you would like to write to Petrusha’s boss.”

Well, what's there?

“But the chief Petrushin is Prince B. After all, Petrusha is enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment.”

Recorded by! Why do I care that it’s recorded? Petrusha will not go to St. Petersburg. What will he learn while serving in St. Petersburg? hang out and hang out? No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him smell gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not a chamaton. Enlisted in the Guard! Where is his passport? give it here.

Mother found my passport, which was kept in her box along with the shirt in which I was baptized, and handed it to the priest with a trembling hand. Father read it with attention, placed it on the table in front of him, and began his letter.

Curiosity tormented me: where are they sending me, if not to St. Petersburg? I didn’t take my eyes off Father’s pen, which was moving quite slowly. Finally he finished, sealed the letter in the same bag with his passport, took off his glasses, and calling me over, said: “Here is a letter to Andrei Karlovich R., my old comrade and friend. You are going to Orenburg to serve under his command.”

So all my brilliant hopes were dashed! Instead of a cheerful life in St. Petersburg, boredom awaited me in a remote and remote place. The service, which I had been thinking about with such delight for a minute, seemed to me like a grave misfortune. But there was no point in arguing. The next day, in the morning, a road wagon was brought to the porch; They put a chamodan, a cellar with a tea set and bundles with buns and pies, the last signs of home pampering. My parents blessed me. Father told me: “Goodbye, Peter. Serve faithfully to whom you pledge allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; do not dissuade yourself from serving; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress when it’s new, and take care of your honor when you’re young.” Mother, in tears, ordered me to take care of my health and Savelich to look after the child. They put a bunny sheepskin coat on me, and a fox fur coat on top. I got into the wagon with Savelich and set off on the road, shedding tears.

That same night I arrived in Simbirsk, where I was supposed to stay for a day to purchase the necessary things, which was entrusted to Savelich. I stopped at a tavern. Savelich went to the shops in the morning. Bored of looking out the window at the dirty alley, I went to wander through all the rooms. Entering the billiard room, I saw a tall gentleman, about thirty-five, with a long black mustache, in a dressing gown, with a cue in his hand and a pipe in his teeth. He played with a marker, who, when he won, drank a glass of vodka, and when he lost, he had to crawl under the billiards on all fours. I started watching them play. The longer it went on, the more frequent the walks on all fours became, until finally the marker remained under the billiards. The master said several strong expressions over him in the form of a funeral word, and invited me to play a game. I refused out of incompetence. This seemed strange to him, apparently. He looked at me as if with regret; however, we started talking. I found out that his name is Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, that he is the captain of a hussar regiment and is in Simbirsk receiving recruits, and is standing in a tavern. Zurin invited me to dine with him as God sent, like a soldier. I readily agreed. We sat down at the table. Zurin drank a lot and treated me too, saying that I needed to get used to the service; he told me army jokes that almost made me laugh, and we left the table perfect friends. Then he volunteered to teach me to play billiards. “This,” he said, “is necessary for our service brother. On a hike, for example, when you come to a place, what do you want to do? After all, it’s not all about beating the Jews. Involuntarily, you will go to a tavern and start playing billiards; and for that you need to know how to play!” I was completely convinced, and began to study with great diligence. Zurin loudly encouraged me, marveled at my quick success, and after several lessons, he invited me to play money, one penny at a time, not to win, but so as not to play for nothing, which, according to him, is the worst habit. I agreed to this too, and Zurin ordered punch to be served and persuaded me to try, repeating that I needed to get used to the service; and without punch, what is the service! I listened to him. Meanwhile, our game continued. The more often I sipped from my glass, the more courageous I became. Balls kept flying over my side; I got excited, scolded the marker, who counted God knows how, increased the game hour by hour, in a word, I behaved like a boy who had broken free. Meanwhile, time passed unnoticed. Zurin looked at his watch, put down his cue, and announced to me that I had lost a hundred rubles. This confused me a little. Savelich had my money. I started apologizing. Zurin interrupted me: “Have mercy! Don't worry. I can wait, but in the meantime we’ll go to Arinushka.”

What do you want? I ended the day as dissolutely as I started it. We had dinner at Arinushka's. Zurin kept adding more to me every minute, repeating that I needed to get used to the service. Getting up from the table, I could barely stand on my feet; at midnight Zurin took me to the tavern. Savelich met us on the porch. He gasped when he saw the unmistakable signs of my zeal for service. “What has happened to you, sir?” - he said in a pitiful voice, “where did you load this? Oh my goodness! Such a sin has never happened in my life!” - Shut up, you bastard! - I answered him, stammering; - You’re probably drunk, go to bed... and put me to bed.

The next day I woke up with a headache, vaguely remembering yesterday’s incidents. My thoughts were interrupted by Savelich, who came to me with a cup of tea. “It’s early, Pyotr Andreich,” he told me, shaking his head, “you start walking early. And who did you go to? It seems that neither the father nor the grandfather were drunkards; There’s nothing to say about my mother: from my childhood I didn’t deign to take anything into my mouth except kvass. And who is to blame for everything? damn monsieur. Every now and then, he would run to Antipyevna: “Madam, wow, vodka.” So much for you! There is nothing to say: he taught me good things, son of a dog. And it was necessary to hire an infidel as an uncle, as if the master no longer had his own people!”

I was ashamed. I turned away and told him: Get out, Savelich; I don't want tea. But it was difficult to calm Savelich down when he started preaching. “You see, Pyotr Andreich, what it’s like to cheat. And my head feels heavy, and I don’t want to eat. A person who drinks is good for nothing... Drink cucumber pickle with honey, but it would be better to get over your hangover with half a glass of tincture. Would you like to order it?”

At this time, the boy came in and gave me a note from I.I. Zurin. I unfolded it and read the following lines:

“Dear Pyotr Andreevich, please send me and my boy the hundred rubles that you lost to me yesterday. I am in dire need of money.

Ready for service

I>Ivan Zurin.”

There was nothing to do. I assumed an indifferent look, and turning to Savelich, who was a steward of money and linen and my affairs, I ordered to give the boy a hundred rubles. "How! For what?" - asked the amazed Savelich. “I owe them to him,” I answered with all possible coldness. - "Must!" - Savelich objected, more and more astonished from hour to hour; - “When, sir, did you manage to owe him? Something is wrong. It’s your will, sir, but I won’t give you any money.”

I thought that if at this decisive moment I did not overcome the stubborn old man, then in the future it would be difficult for me to free myself from his tutelage, and looking at him proudly, I said: “I am your master, and you are my servant.” The money is mine. I lost them because I felt like it. And I advise you not to be smart and do what you are ordered.

Savelich was so amazed by my words that he clasped his hands and was dumbfounded. - Why are you standing there! - I shouted angrily. Savelich began to cry. “Father Pyotr Andreich,” he said in a trembling voice, “don’t kill me with sadness. You are my light! listen to me, old man: write to this robber that you were joking, that we don’t even have that kind of money. One hundred rubles! God you are merciful! Tell me that your parents firmly ordered you not to play, except for nuts...” “Stop lying,” I interrupted sternly, “give me the money here, or I’ll kick you out.”

Savelich looked at me with deep sorrow and went to collect my debt. I felt sorry for the poor old man; but I wanted to break free and prove that I was no longer a child. The money was delivered to Zurin. Savelich hastened to take me out of the damned tavern. He came with the news that the horses were ready. With an uneasy conscience and silent repentance, I left Simbirsk, without saying goodbye to my teacher and without thinking of ever seeing him again.

CHAPTER II. COUNSELOR

Is it my side, my side,

Unfamiliar side!

Was it not I who came upon you?

Wasn’t it a good horse that brought me:

She brought me, good fellow,

Agility, brave cheerfulness,

And the tavern's hop drink.
Old song

My thoughts on the road were not very pleasant. My loss, at the prices at that time, was significant. I could not help but admit in my heart that my behavior in the Simbirsk tavern was stupid, and I felt guilty before Savelich. all this tormented me. The old man sat sullenly on the bench, turned away from me, and was silent, only quacking occasionally. I definitely wanted to make peace with him, and didn’t know where to start. Finally I told him: “Well, well, Savelich! that's enough, let's make peace, it's my fault; I see for myself that I am guilty. Yesterday I misbehaved, and I wronged you in vain. I promise to behave smarter and obey you in the future. Well, don't be angry; let's make peace."

Eh, Father Pyotr Andreich! - he answered with a deep sigh. - I’m angry with myself; It's all my fault. How could I have left you alone in the tavern! What to do? I was confused by sin: I decided to wander into the sacristan’s house and see my godfather. That's it: I went to see my godfather and ended up in prison. Trouble and nothing more! How will I show myself to the gentlemen? what will they say when they find out that the child is drinking and playing?

To console poor Savelich, I gave him my word that in future I would not dispose of a single penny without his consent. He gradually calmed down, although he still occasionally grumbled to himself, shaking his head: “A hundred rubles! Isn’t it easy!”

I was approaching my destination. Around me stretched sad deserts, intersected by hills and ravines. everything was covered with snow. The sun was setting. The carriage was traveling along a narrow road, or more precisely along a trail made by peasant sleighs. Suddenly the driver began to look to the side, and finally, taking off his hat, turned to me and said: “Master, would you order me to turn back?”

What is this for?

“Time is uncertain: the wind rises slightly; “Look how he sweeps away the powder.”

What a disaster!

“What do you see there?” (The coachman pointed his whip to the east.)

I see nothing but the white steppe and the clear sky.

“And there - there: this is a cloud.”

I actually saw a white cloud at the edge of the sky, which at first I took for a distant hill. The driver explained to me that the cloud foreshadowed a snowstorm.

I heard about the riots there, and knew that entire convoys were carried away by them. Savelich, in agreement with the driver’s opinion, advised him to turn back. But the wind did not seem strong to me; I hoped to get to the next station in time, and ordered to go quickly.

The coachman galloped off; but kept looking to the east. The horses ran together. Meanwhile, the wind became stronger hour by hour. The cloud turned into a white cloud, which rose heavily, grew, and gradually covered the sky. It began to snow lightly and suddenly began to fall in flakes. The wind howled; there was a storm. In an instant, the dark sky mixed with the snowy sea. everything disappeared. “Well, master,” the coachman shouted, “trouble: a snowstorm!”...

I looked out of the wagon: everything was darkness and whirlwind. The wind howled with such ferocious expressiveness that it seemed animated; the snow covered me and Savelich; the horses walked at a pace - and soon stopped.

- “Why aren’t you going?” - I asked the driver impatiently. - “Why go? - he answered, getting off the bench; God knows where we ended up: there is no road, and there is darkness all around. - I started to scold him. Savelich stood up for him: “And I didn’t want to listen,” he said angrily, “I would have returned to the inn, had some tea, rested until the morning, the storm would have subsided, and we would have moved on.” And where are we rushing? You’d be welcome to the wedding!“ - Savelich was right. There was nothing to do. The snow was still falling. A snowdrift was rising near the wagon. The horses stood with their heads down and occasionally shuddering. The coachman walked around, having nothing better to do, adjusting the harness. Savelich grumbled; I looked in all directions, hoping to see at least a sign of a vein or a road, but I could not discern anything except the muddy whirling of the snowblood... Suddenly I saw something black. “Hey, coachman!” I shouted, “look: what’s black there?” The coachman began to peer closely. “God knows, master,” he said, sitting down in his place: “a cart is not a cart, a tree is not a tree, but it seems that it is moving.” It must be either a wolf or a man.

I ordered to go towards an unfamiliar object, which immediately began to move towards us. Two minutes later we caught up with the man. “Hey, good man!” - the coachman shouted to him. - “Tell me, do you know where the road is?”

The road is here; “I’m standing on a solid strip,” answered the roadie, “but what’s the point?”

Listen, little man, I told him, do you know this side? Will you undertake to take me to my lodging for the night?

“The side is familiar to me,” answered the traveler, “thank God, it has been traveled far and wide. Look what the weather is like: you’ll just lose your way. It’s better to stop here and wait it out, maybe the storm will subside and the sky will clear up: then we’ll find our way by the stars.”

His composure encouraged me. I had already decided, surrendering myself to God’s will, to spend the night in the middle of the steppe, when suddenly the roadman quickly sat down on the beam and said to the coachman: “Well, thank God, he lived not far away; turn right and go." - Why should I go to the right? - the driver asked with displeasure. -Where do you see the road? Probably: the horses are strangers, the collar is not yours, don’t stop driving. - The coachman seemed right to me. “Indeed,” I said, “why do you think that they lived not far away?” “But because the wind blew away from here,” answered the traveler, “and I heard the smell of smoke; know the village is close. “His sharpness and subtlety of instinct amazed me. I told the coachman to go. The horses tramped heavily through the deep snow. The wagon moved quietly, now driving onto a snowdrift, now collapsing into a ravine and rolling over to one side or the other. It was like sailing a ship on a stormy sea. Savelich groaned, constantly pushing against my sides. I put down the mat, wrapped myself in a fur coat and dozed off, lulled by the singing of the storm and the rolling of the quiet ride.

I had a dream that I could never forget, and in which I still see something prophetic when I consider the strange circumstances of my life with it. The reader will excuse me: for he probably knows from experience how human it is to indulge in superstition, despite all possible contempt for prejudices.

I was in that state of feelings and soul when materiality, yielding to dreams, merges with them in the unclear visions of first sleep. It seemed to me that the storm was still raging, and we were still wandering through the snowy desert... Suddenly I saw a gate and drove into the manor’s courtyard of our estate. My first thought was the fear that my father would be angry with me for my involuntary return to my parents’ roof, and would consider it deliberate disobedience. With anxiety, I jumped out of the wagon, and I saw: my mother met me on the porch with an appearance of deep grief. “Hush,” she says to me, “your father is dying and wants to say goodbye to you.” - Struck by fear, I follow her into the bedroom. I see the room is dimly lit; there are people with sad faces standing by the bed. I quietly approach the bed; Mother lifts the curtain and says: “Andrei Petrovich, Petrusha has arrived; he returned after learning about your illness; bless him." I knelt down and fixed my eyes on the patient. Well?... Instead of my father, I see a man with a black beard lying in bed, looking at me cheerfully. I turned to my mother in bewilderment, telling her: “What does this mean?” This is not father. And why should I ask a man for his blessing? “It doesn’t matter, Petrusha,” my mother answered me, “this is your imprisoned father; kiss his hand, and may he bless you...” I did not agree. Then the man jumped out of bed, grabbed the ax from behind his back, and began swinging it in all directions. I wanted to run... and couldn’t; the room was filled with dead bodies; I stumbled over bodies and slid in bloody puddles... The scary man called me affectionately, saying: “Don’t be afraid, come under my blessing...” Horror and bewilderment took possession of me... And at that moment I woke up; the horses stood; Savelich tugged at my hand, saying: “Come out, sir: we’ve arrived.”

Where have you arrived? - I asked, rubbing my eyes.

“To the inn. The Lord helped, we ran straight into a fence. Come out, sir, quickly, and warm yourself up.”

I left the tent. The storm still continued, although with less force. It was so dark that you could put out your eyes. The owner met us at the gate, holding a lantern under his skirt, and led me into the room, cramped, but quite clean; a torch illuminated her. A rifle and a tall Cossack hat hung on the wall.

The owner, a Yaik Cossack by birth, seemed to be a man of about sixty, still fresh and vigorous. Savelich brought the cellar behind me and demanded a fire to prepare tea, which I never seemed to need so much. The owner went to do some work.

Where is the counselor? I asked Savelich.

“Here, your honor,” the voice from above answered me. I looked at the Polati and saw a black beard and two sparkling eyes. - What, brother, are you cold? - “How not to vegetate in one skinny army coat? There was a sheepskin coat, but let’s be honest? laid the evening at the tsalalnik’s: the frost did not seem too great.” At that moment the owner came in with a boiling samovar; I offered our counselor a cup of tea; the man got off the floor. His appearance seemed remarkable to me: he was about forty, average height, thin and broad-shouldered. His black beard showed streaks of gray; the lively big eyes kept darting around. His face had a rather pleasant, but roguish expression. The hair was cut into a circle; he was wearing a tattered overcoat and Tatar trousers. I brought him a cup of tea; he tasted it and winced. “Your Honor, do me such a favor - order me to bring a glass of wine; tea is not our Cossack drink.” I willingly fulfilled his wish. The owner took out a damask and a glass from the stall, walked up to him, and looking into his face: “Ehe,” he said, “you’re in our land again!” Where did God bring it?” - My counselor blinked significantly and answered with a saying: “He flew into the garden and pecked hemp; Grandmother threw a pebble - yes, past. Well, what about yours?”

Yes, ours! - the owner answered, continuing the allegorical conversation. “They started ringing for vespers, but the priest didn’t say: the priest is visiting, the devils are in the graveyard.” “Be quiet, uncle,” my tramp objected, “there will be rain, there will be fungi; and if there are fungi, there will be a body. And now (here he blinked again) put the ax behind your back: the forester is walking. Your honor! For your health!" - With these words, he took the glass, crossed himself and drank in one breath. Then he bowed to me and returned to the floor.

I couldn’t understand anything from this thieves’ conversation at the time, but later I guessed that it was about the affairs of the Yaitsky army, which at that time had just been pacified after the riot of 1772. Savelich listened with an air of great displeasure. He looked with suspicion first at the owner, then at the counselor. The inn, or, as they say there, the inn, was located off to the side, in the steppe, far from any settlement, and looked very much like a robber’s haven. But there was nothing to do. It was impossible to even think about continuing the journey. Savelich's anxiety amused me very much. Meanwhile, I settled down for the night and lay down on a bench. Savelich decided to go to the stove; the owner lay down on the floor. Soon the whole hut was snoring, and I fell asleep like the dead.

Waking up quite late in the morning, I saw that the storm had subsided. The sun was shining. The snow lay in a dazzling veil on the vast steppe. The horses were harnessed. I paid the owner, who took such a reasonable payment from us that even Savelich did not argue with him and did not bargain as usual, and yesterday’s suspicions were completely erased from his head. I called the counselor, thanked him for his help, and told Savelich to give him half a ruble for vodka. Savelich frowned. “Half a ruble for vodka!” - he said, “what is this for? Because you deigned to give him a ride to the inn? It's your choice, sir: we don't have any extra fifty. If you give everyone vodka, you’ll soon have to starve.” I couldn't argue with Savelich. The money, according to my promise, was at his complete disposal. I was annoyed, however, that I could not thank the person who rescued me, if not from trouble, then at least from a very unpleasant situation. Okay, I said coolly; - If you don’t want to give half a ruble, then take him something from my dress. He is dressed too lightly. Give him my bunny sheepskin coat.

“Have mercy, Father Pyotr Andreich!” - said Savelich. - “Why does he need your bunny sheepskin coat? He’ll drink it, the dog, in the first tavern.”

“This, old lady, is not your sadness,” said my tramp, “whether I drink or not.” His nobility grants me a fur coat from his shoulder: it is his lordly will, and it is your serf’s business not to argue and obey.

“You are not afraid of God, robber!” - Savelich answered him in an angry voice. - “You see that the child does not understand yet, and you are glad to rob him, for the sake of his simplicity. Why do you need a master's sheepskin coat? You won’t even put it on your damned shoulders.”

Please don’t be smart,” I told my uncle; - Now bring the sheepskin coat here.

“Lord Lord!” - my Savelich groaned. - “The hare sheepskin coat is almost brand new! and it would be good for anyone, otherwise it’s a naked drunkard!”

However, the hare's sheepskin coat appeared. The man immediately began trying it on. In fact, the sheepskin coat, which I also managed to grow out of, was a little narrow for him. However, he somehow managed to put it on, tearing it apart at the seams. Savelich almost howled when he heard the threads crackle. The tramp was extremely pleased with my gift. He walked me to the tent and said with a low bow: “Thank you, your honor! God reward you for your virtue. I will never forget your mercies." - He went in his direction, and I went further, not paying attention to Savelich’s annoyance, and soon forgot about yesterday’s blizzard, about my counselor and about the hare’s sheepskin coat.

Arriving in Orenburg, I went straight to the general. I saw a man who was tall, but already hunched over with old age. His long hair was completely white. The old, faded uniform resembled a warrior from the time of Anna Ioannovna, and his speech was strongly reminiscent of a German accent. I gave him a letter from my father. At his name, he looked at me quickly: “My dear!” - he said. - “How long ago, it seems, Andrei Petrovich was even younger than your age, and now he has such a hammer ear! Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh!” - He printed out the letter and began to read it in a low voice, making his comments. “Dear Sir Andrei Karlovich, I hope that your Excellency”... What kind of ceremony is this? Ugh, how inappropriate he is! Of course: discipline is the first thing, but is that what they write to the old comrade?.. “Your Excellency has not forgotten”... um... and... when... the late Field Marshal Min... campaign... also... Karolinka"... Ehe, brooder! So he still remembers our old pranks? “Now about business... I’ll bring my rake to you”... um... “keep a tight rein”... What are mittens? This must be a Russian proverb... What does it mean to “keep in good mittens?” he repeated, turning to me.

This means,” I answered him with an air of as much innocence as possible, “to treat him kindly, not too strictly, to give him more freedom, to keep him in check.”

“Hm, I understand... “and don’t give him free rein”... no, apparently those mittens mean the wrong thing... “At the same time... his passport”... Where is he? And, here... “write off to Semyonovsky”... Okay, okay: everything will be done... “Allow yourself to be embraced without rank and... by an old comrade and friend” - ah! finally I guessed... and so on and so forth... Well, father, - he said, having read the letter and putting my passport aside, - everything will be done: you will be transferred as an officer to the *** regiment, and so as not to waste time, then go tomorrow to the Belogorsk fortress, where you will be on the team of Captain Mironov, a kind and honest man. There you will be in real service, you will learn discipline. There is nothing for you to do in Orenburg; distraction is harmful to a young person. And today you are welcome to dine with me.”

It's not getting any easier hour by hour! I thought to myself; What good did it serve me that even in my mother’s womb I was already a guard sergeant! Where has this got me? To the regiment and to a remote fortress on the border of the Kirghiz-Kaisak steppes!.. I dined with Andrei Karlovich, the three of us with his old adjutant. Strict German economy reigned at his table, and I think that the fear of sometimes seeing an extra guest at his single meal was partly the reason for my hasty removal to the garrison. The next day I said goodbye to the general and went to my destination.

CHAPTER III. FORTRESS.

We live in a fort

We eat bread and drink water;

And how fierce enemies

They will come to us for pies,

Let's give the guests a feast:

Let's load the cannon with buckshot.

Soldier's song.

Old people, my father.
Minor.

The Belogorsk fortress was located forty miles from Orenburg. The road went along the steep bank of the Yaik. The river had not yet frozen, and its leaden waves sadly turned black in the monotonous banks covered with white snow. Behind them stretched the Kyrgyz steppes. I plunged into thoughts, mostly sad. Garrison life had little attraction for me. I tried to imagine Captain Mironov, my future boss, and imagined him as a stern, angry old man, who knew nothing except his service, and was ready to put me under arrest for bread and water for every trifle. Meanwhile, it began to get dark. We drove pretty quickly. - How far is it to the fortress? - I asked my driver. “Not far,” he answered. - “It’s already visible.” - I looked in all directions, expecting to see formidable bastions, towers and ramparts; but I saw nothing except a village surrounded by a log fence. On one side stood three or four haystacks, half-covered with snow; on the other, a crooked mill, with its popular wings lazily lowered. -Where is the fortress? - I asked in surprise. “Yes, here it is,” answered the driver, pointing to the village, and with this word we drove into it. At the gate I saw an old cast-iron cannon; the streets were cramped and crooked; The huts are low and mostly covered with straw. I ordered to go to the commandant and a minute later the wagon stopped in front of a wooden house built on a high place, near the wooden church.

Nobody met me. I went into the hallway and opened the door to the hallway. An old invalid, sitting on a table, was sewing a blue patch onto the elbow of his green uniform. I told him to report me. “Come in, father,” the disabled man answered: “our houses.” I entered a clean room, decorated in an old-fashioned way. There was a cupboard with dishes in the corner; on the wall hung an officer's diploma behind glass and in a frame; Beside him were popular prints depicting the capture of Kistrin and Ochakov, as well as the choice of a bride and the burial of a cat. An old woman in a padded jacket and with a scarf on her head was sitting by the window. She was unwinding the threads, which were held, spread out in his arms, by a crooked old man in an officer's uniform. “What do you want, father?” - she asked, continuing her lesson. I answered that I had come to work and appeared on duty to the captain, and with this word I addressed the crooked old man, mistaking him for the commandant; but the hostess interrupted my speech. “Ivan Kuzmich is not at home,” she said; - “he went to visit Father Gerasim; It doesn’t matter, father, I’m his owner. Please love and respect. Sit down, father." She called the girl and told her to call the policeman. The old man looked at me with curiosity with his lonely eye. “I dare to ask,” he said; - “Which regiment did you deign to serve in?” I satisfied his curiosity. “And I dare to ask,” he continued, “why did you deign to move from the guard to the garrison?” - I answered that such was the will of the authorities. “Of course, for actions indecent to a guard officer,” continued the tireless questioner. “Stop lying about nonsense,” the captain’s wife told him: “you see, the young man is tired from the road; he has no time for you... (hold your hands straighter...) And you, my father,” she continued, turning to me, “don’t be sad that you were relegated to our outback. You are not the first, you are not the last. He will endure it, he will fall in love. Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin has been transferred to us for murder for five years now. God knows what sin befell him; As you can see, he went out of town with one lieutenant, and they took swords with them, and, well, they stabbed each other; and Alexey Ivanovich stabbed the lieutenant, and in front of two witnesses! What do you want me to do? There is no master of sin."

At that moment the constable, a young and stately Cossack, entered. “Maksimych!” - the captain told him. - “Give the officer an apartment, but it’s cleaner.” “I’m listening, Vasilisa Egorovna,” answered the constable. - “Shouldn’t we place his honor with Ivan Polezhaev?” “You’re lying, Maksimych,” said the captain’s wife: “Polezhaev’s place is already crowded; He’s my godfather and remembers that we are his bosses. Take Mr. officer... what is your name and patronymic, my father? Pyotr Andreich?.. Take Pyotr Andreich to Semyon Kuzov. He, a swindler, let his horse into my garden. Well, Maksimych, is everything all right?”

“Everything, thank God, is quiet,” answered the Cossack; - only Corporal Prokhorov got into a fight in the bathhouse with Ustinya Negulina over a bunch of hot water.

“Ivan Ignatyich! - the captain said to the crooked old man. - “Sort out Prokhorov and Ustinya, who is right and who is wrong. Punish both of them. Well, Maksimych, go with God. Pyotr Andreich, Maksimych will take you to your apartment.”

I took my leave. The constable led me to a hut that stood on a high bank of the river, at the very edge of the fortress. Half of the hut was occupied by Semyon Kuzov’s family, the other was given to me. It consisted of one rather neat room, divided in two by a partition. Savelich began to manage it; I began to look out the narrow window. The sad steppe stretched out before me. Several huts stood diagonally; Several hens were wandering along the street. The old woman was standing on the porch with a trough, calling to the pigs, who answered her with a friendly grunt. And this is where I was condemned to spend my youth! Longing took me; I walked away from the window and went to bed without dinner, despite the admonitions of Savelich, who repeated with contrition: “Lord, Master! he won’t eat anything! What will the lady say if the child falls ill?

The next morning, I had just begun to get dressed when the door opened and a young officer of short stature, with a dark and distinctly ugly face, but extremely lively, came in to see me. “Excuse me,” he told me in French, “for coming to meet you without ceremony. Yesterday I learned about your arrival; The desire to finally see a human face took such hold of me that I could not stand it. You will understand this when you live here some more time.” “I guessed that it was an officer who had been discharged from the guards for the fight. We met immediately. Shvabrin was not very stupid. His conversation was witty and entertaining. With great gaiety, he described to me the commandant’s family, his society and the region where fate had brought me. I was laughing from the bottom of my heart when the same invalid who was mending his uniform in the commandant’s front room came in and called me to dine with them on behalf of Vasilisa Yegorovna. Shvabrin volunteered to go with me.

Approaching the commandant's house, we saw on the site about twenty old disabled people with long braids and triangular hats. They were lined up in front. The commandant stood in front, a vigorous and tall old man, wearing a cap and a Chinese robe. Seeing us, he came up to us, said a few kind words to me and began to command again. We stopped to look at the teaching; but he asked us to go to Vasilisa Yegorovna, promising to follow us. “And here,” he added, “there’s nothing for you to see.”

Vasilisa Egorovna received us easily and cordially, and treated me as if she had known her for a century. The invalid and Palashka were setting the table. “Why did my Ivan Kuzmich study like that today!” - said the commandant. - “Palashka, call the master to dinner. Where is Masha?” - Then a girl of about eighteen came in, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which were on fire. At first glance I didn't really like her. I looked at her with prejudice: Shvabrin described Masha, the captain’s daughter, to me as a complete fool. Marya Ivanovna sat down in the corner and began to sew. Meanwhile, cabbage soup was served. Vasilisa Yegorovna, not seeing her husband, sent Palashka for him a second time. “Tell the master: the guests are waiting, the cabbage soup will catch a cold; thank God, the teaching will not go away; will have time to shout." - The captain soon appeared, accompanied by a crooked old man. “What is this, my father?” - his wife told him. - “The food was served a long time ago, but you can’t get enough.” “And listen, Vasilisa Egorovna,” answered Ivan Kuzmich, “I was busy with service: teaching little soldiers.”

“And, that’s enough!” - the captain objected. - “Only glory that you teach the soldiers: neither they are given the service, nor do you know anything about it. I would sit at home and pray to God; it would be better that way. Dear guests, you are welcome to the table.”

We sat down to dinner. Vasilisa Egorovna did not stop talking for a minute and showered me with questions: who are my parents, are they alive, where do they live and what is their condition? Hearing that the priest has three hundred souls of peasants, “Isn’t it easy!” - she said; - “After all, there are rich people in the world! And we, my father, have only one shower, the girl Palashka; Yes, thank God, we live small. One problem: Masha; a girl of marriageable age, what is her dowry? a fine comb, a broom, and an altyn of money (God forgive me!), with which to go to the bathhouse. It’s good if there is a kind person; Otherwise you’ll sit as an eternal bride among the girls.” - I looked at Marya Ivanovna; she turned all red, and even tears dripped onto her plate. I felt sorry for her; and I hastened to change the conversation. “I heard,” I said rather inopportunely, “that the Bashkirs are going to attack your fortress.” - “From whom, father, did you deign to hear this?” - asked Ivan Kuzmich. “That’s what they told me in Orenburg,” I answered. “Nothing!” - said the commandant. “We haven’t heard anything for a long time. The Bashkirs are a scared people, and the Kyrgyz have also been taught a lesson. Surely they won’t come at us; and if they get upset, I’ll give such a joke that I’ll calm it down for ten years.” “And you’re not afraid,” I continued, turning to the captain’s wife, “to remain in a fortress exposed to such dangers?” “It’s a habit, my father,” she answered. - “It’s been twenty years since we were transferred here from the regiment, and God forbid, how afraid I was of these damned infidels! How I used to see lynx hats, and when I heard their squealing, would you believe it, my father, my heart would skip a beat! And now I’m so used to it that I won’t even move until they come to tell us that villains are prowling around the fortress.”

Vasilisa Egorovna is a very brave lady,” Shvabrin remarked importantly. - Ivan Kuzmich can testify to this.

“Yes, hear you,” said Ivan Kuzmich: “the woman is not a timid woman.”

And Marya Ivanovna? - I asked: “Are you as brave as you?”

“Is Masha brave?” - answered her mother. - “No, Masha is a coward. He still can’t hear the shot from a gun: it just vibrates. And just as two years ago Ivan Kuzmich decided to shoot from our cannon on my name day, so she, my dear, almost went to the next world out of fear. Since then we haven’t fired the damned cannon.”

We got up from the table. The captain and captain went to bed; and I went to Shvabrin, with whom I spent the whole evening.

CHAPTER IV. DUEL.

- If you please, get into position.

Look, I'll pierce your figure!
Knyazhnin.

Several weeks passed, and my life in the Belogorsk fortress became not only bearable for me, but even pleasant. In the commandant's house I was received like family. The husband and wife were the most respectable people. Ivan Kuzmich, who became an officer from the children of soldiers, was an uneducated and simple man, but the most honest and kind. His wife managed him, which was consistent with his carelessness. Vasilisa Yegorovna looked at the affairs of the service as if they were her master’s, and ruled the fortress as accurately as she ruled her house. Marya Ivanovna soon stopped being shy with me. We met. I found in her a prudent and sensitive girl. In an imperceptible way, I became attached to the good family, even to Ivan Ignatich, the crooked garrison lieutenant, about whom Shvabrin invented that he was in an impermissible relationship with Vasilisa Yegorovna, which did not have the slightest plausibility: but Shvabrin did not worry about that.

I was promoted to officer. The service did not burden me. In the God-saved fortress there were no inspections, no exercises, no guards. The commandant, of his own accord, sometimes taught his soldiers; but I still could not get them all to know which side was right and which was left, although many of them, so as not to be mistaken, placed the sign of the cross on themselves before each turn. Shvabrin had several French books. I began to read, and the desire for literature awakened in me. In the mornings I read, practiced translations, and sometimes wrote poetry. He almost always dined at the commandant's, where he usually spent the rest of the day, and where in the evening Father Gerasim sometimes appeared with his wife Akulina Pamfilovna, the first messenger in the entire district. Of course, I saw A.I. Shvabrin every day; but hour by hour his conversation became less pleasant for me. I really didn’t like his usual jokes about the commandant’s family, especially his caustic remarks about Marya Ivanovna. There was no other society in the fortress, but I didn’t want anything else.

Despite the predictions, the Bashkirs were not indignant. Calm reigned around our fortress. But the peace was interrupted by a sudden civil strife.

I have already said that I studied literature. My experiments, for that time, were considerable, and Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov, several years later, praised them very much. Once I managed to write a song that I was pleased with. It is known that writers sometimes, under the guise of demanding advice, look for a favorable listener. So, having rewritten my song, I took it to Shvabrin, who alone in the entire fortress could appreciate the works of the poet. After a short introduction, I took my notebook out of my pocket and read him the following poems:

Destroying the thought of love,

I try to forget the beautiful

And oh, avoiding Masha,

I'm thinking of getting the liberty!

But the eyes that captivated me

Every minute before me;

They confused my spirit,

They destroyed my peace.

You, having learned my misfortunes,

Have pity on me, Masha;

In vain me in this fierce part,

And that I'm captivated by you.

How do you find it? - I asked Shvabrin, expecting praise, like a tribute, which was certainly due to me. But to my great chagrin, Shvabrin, usually condescending, decisively declared that my song was not good.

Why is that? - I asked him, hiding my annoyance.

“Because,” he answered, “that such poems are worthy of my teacher, Vasily Kirilych Tredyakovsky, and very much remind me of his love couplets.”

Then he took the notebook from me and began to mercilessly analyze every verse and every word, mocking me in the most caustic way. I couldn’t bear it, I snatched my notebook from his hands and said that I would never show him my writings. Shvabrin laughed at this threat too. “Let's see,” he said, “if you keep your word: poets need a listener, like Ivan Kuzmich needs a decanter of vodka before dinner. And who is this Masha, to whom you express your tender passion and love misfortune? Isn't it Marya Ivanovna?

“It’s none of your business,” I answered, frowning, “whoever this Masha is.” I don’t ask for your opinion or your guesses.

"Wow! A proud poet and a modest lover! - Shvabrin continued, irritating me more and more hour by hour; - “but listen to some friendly advice: if you want to be on time, then I advise you not to act with songs.”

What does this mean, sir? Please explain.

“With pleasure. This means that if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of tender poems, give her a pair of earrings.”

My blood began to boil. - Why do you have such an opinion about her? - I asked, barely containing my indignation.

“And because,” he answered with a hellish grin, “I know her character and customs from experience.”

You're lying, you bastard! - I cried in rage, - you are lying in the most shameless way.

Shvabrin's face changed. “This won’t work for you,” he said, squeezing my hand. - “You will give me satisfaction.”

Please; when you want to! - I answered, delighted. At that moment I was ready to tear him to pieces.

I immediately went to Ivan Ignatyich and found him with a needle in his hands: on instructions from the commandant, he was stringing mushrooms to dry for the winter. “Ah, Pyotr Andreich!” - he said when he saw me; - "Welcome! How did God bring you? for what purpose, may I ask?” I explained to him in short words that I had quarreled with Alexei Ivanovich, and I asked him, Ivan Ignatich, to be my second. Ivan Ignatich listened to me with attention, staring at me with his only eye. “You deign to say,” he told me, “that you want to stab Alexei Ivanovich and want me to be a witness? Is not it? I dare you to ask.”

Exactly.

“Have mercy, Pyotr Andreich! What are you up to! Did you and Alexey Ivanovich have a fight? Great trouble! Hard words break no bones. He scolded you, and you scold him; he hits you in the snout, and you hit him in the ear, in another, in the third - and go your separate ways; and we will make peace between you. And then: is it a good thing to stab your neighbor, I dare ask? And it would be good if you stabbed him: God be with him, with Alexei Ivanovich; I'm not a fan of it myself. Well, what if he drills you? What will it be like? Who will be the fool, dare I ask?”

The reasoning of the prudent lieutenant did not sway me. I stuck to my intention. “As you please,” said Ivan Ignatich: “do as you understand. Why should I be a witness here? Why on earth? People are fighting, what an unprecedented thing, dare I ask? Thank God, I went under the Swede and under the Turk: I’ve seen enough of everything.”

I somehow began to explain to him the position of a second, but Ivan Ignatich could not understand me. “Your will,” he said. - “If I were to intervene in this matter, would it be better to go to Ivan Kuzmich and inform him, out of duty, that a crime contrary to the government’s interests is being hatched in the fort: wouldn’t it please the commandant to take appropriate measures...”

I got scared and began to ask Ivan Ignatich not to tell the commandant anything; I persuaded him by force; he gave me his word, and I decided to break it.

I spent the evening, as usual, with the commandant. I tried to appear cheerful and indifferent, so as not to give any suspicion and avoid annoying questions; but I confess that I did not have that composure that those in my position almost always boast of. That evening I was in a mood for tenderness and tenderness. I liked Marya Ivanovna more than usual. The thought that perhaps I was seeing her for the last time gave her something touching in my eyes. Shvabrin appeared immediately. I took him aside and notified him of my conversation with Ivan Ignatich. “Why do we need seconds,” he told me dryly: “we can manage without them.” We agreed to fight behind the stacks that were located near the fortress, and to appear there the next day at seven o’clock in the morning. We were talking, apparently, so friendly that Ivan Ignatich blurted out with joy. “It would have been like this a long time ago,” he told me with a pleased look; - “A bad peace is better than a good quarrel, and even if it’s dishonest, it’s healthy.”

“What, what, Ivan Ignatich?” - said the commandant, who was telling fortunes with cards in the corner: “I didn’t listen.”

Ivan Ignatich, noticing signs of displeasure in me and remembering his promise, became embarrassed and did not know what to answer. Shvabrin came to his aid.

“Ivan Ignatich,” he said, “approves of our world.”

And with whom, my father, were you quarreling? "

“We had a pretty big argument with Pyotr Andreich.”

Why is this so?

“For a mere trifle: for a song, Vasilisa Egorovna.”

We found something to quarrel about! for the song!... how did this happen?

“Well, here’s how: Pyotr Andreich recently composed a song and today he sang it in front of me, and I started singing my favorite:

Captain's daughter

Don't go out at midnight.

There was a discord. Pyotr Andreich became angry; but then I decided that everyone is free to sing whatever they want. That was the end of the matter.”

Shvabrin's shamelessness almost enraged me; but no one except me understood his crude innuendos; at least no one paid attention to them. From the songs the conversation turned to poets, and the commandant noticed that they were all dissolute people and bitter drunkards, and he friendly advised me to leave poetry, as something contrary to the service and leading to nothing good.

Shvabrin's presence was unbearable to me. I soon said goodbye to the commandant and his family; I came home, examined my sword, tried its end, and went to bed, ordering Savelich to wake me up at seven o’clock.

The next day, at the appointed time, I was already standing behind the stacks, waiting for my opponent. Soon he appeared. “They might catch us,” he told me; - “we must hurry.” We took off our uniforms, remained in only camisoles and drew our swords. At that moment, Ivan Ignatich and about five disabled people suddenly appeared from behind a stack. He demanded us to see the commandant. We obeyed with annoyance; the soldiers surrounded us, and we went to the fortress following Ivan Ignatich, who led us in triumph, walking with amazing importance.

We entered the commandant's house. Ivan Ignatich opened the doors, solemnly proclaiming “brought!” Vasilisa Egorovna met us. “Oh, my fathers! What does it look like? How? What? start a murder in our fortress! Ivan Kuzmich, they are now under arrest! Pyotr Andreich! Alexey Ivanovich! bring your swords here, bring them, bring them. Broadsword, take these swords to the closet. Pyotr Andreich! I didn't expect this from you. How are you not ashamed? Good Alexey Ivanovich: he was discharged from the guard for murder and from the guard, he doesn’t even believe in God; and what about you? Is that where you’re going?”

Ivan Kuzmich completely agreed with his wife and said: “And listen, Vasilisa Yegorovna is telling the truth. Fights are formally prohibited in the military article.” Meanwhile, Palashka took our swords from us and took them to the closet. I couldn't help but laugh. Shvabrin retained his importance. “With all due respect to you,” he told her calmly, “I cannot help but notice that you are in vain deigning to worry by subjecting us to your trial. Leave it to Ivan Kuzmich: it’s his business.” - Ah! my father! - the commandant objected; - aren’t husband and wife one spirit and one flesh? Ivan Kuzmich! Why are you yawning? Now seat them in different corners on bread and water so that their stupidity will go away; Yes, let Father Gerasim impose penance on them, so that they pray to God for forgiveness and repent before people.

Ivan Kuzmich did not know what to decide. Marya Ivanovna was extremely pale. Little by little the storm subsided; The commandant calmed down and made us kiss each other. Broadsword brought us our swords. We left the commandant apparently reconciled. Ivan Ignatich accompanied us. “Aren’t you ashamed,” I told him angrily, “to report us to the commandant after they gave me their word not to do it?” - “As God is holy, I didn’t tell Ivan Kuzmich that,” he answered; - “Vasilisa Egorovna found out everything from me. She ordered everything without the knowledge of the commandant. However, thank God that it all ended this way.” With this word he turned home, and Shvabrin and I were left alone. “Our business cannot end like this,” I told him. “Of course,” answered Shvabrin; - “You will answer me with your blood for your insolence; but they will probably keep an eye on us. We'll have to pretend for a few days. Goodbye!" - And we parted as if nothing had happened.

Returning to the commandant, I, as usual, sat down next to Marya Ivanovna. Ivan Kuzmich was not at home; Vasilisa Egorovna was busy with housekeeping. We spoke in low voices. Marya Ivanovna tenderly reprimanded me for the anxiety caused to everyone by my quarrel with Shvabrin. “I just froze,” she said, “when they told us that you intended to fight with swords. How strange men are! For one word, which they would surely forget about in a week, they are ready to cut themselves and sacrifice not only their lives, but also the conscience and well-being of those who... But I am sure that you are not the instigator of the quarrel. Alexey Ivanovich is truly to blame.”

Why do you think so, Marya Ivanovna? "

“Yes, so... he is such a mocker! I don't like Alexey Ivanovich. He disgusts me very much; But it’s strange: I wouldn’t want him to like me just as much. It would be fear that would bother me.”

What do you think, Marya Ivanovna? Does he like you or not?

Marya Ivanovna stuttered and blushed. “I think,” she said, “I think I like you.”

Why do you think so?

“Because he wooed me.”

Wooed! Did he marry you? When? "

"Last year. Two months before your arrival."

And you didn't go?

“As you please see. Alexey Ivanovich, of course, is an intelligent man, has a good family name, and has a fortune; but when I think that it will be necessary to kiss him under the aisle in front of everyone... No way! not for any well-being!”

Marya Ivanovna’s words opened my eyes and explained a lot to me. I understood the persistent slander with which Shvabrin pursued her. He probably noticed our mutual inclination and tried to distract us from each other. The words that gave rise to our quarrel seemed even more vile to me when, instead of rude and obscene ridicule, I saw in them deliberate slander. The desire to punish the impudent evil-tonguer became even stronger in me, and I began to eagerly await the opportunity.

I didn't wait long. The next day, when I was sitting at my elegy and chewing my pen in anticipation of a rhyme, Shvabrin knocked under my window. I left the pen, took the sword and went out to him. “Why put it off?” - Shvabrin told me: “They’re not watching us. Let's go to the river. No one will bother us there." We set off in silence. Having gone down a steep path, we stopped right next to the river and drew our swords. Shvabrin was more skilled than me, but I am stronger and braver, and Monsieur Beaupre, who was once a soldier, gave me several lessons in fencing, which I took advantage of. Shvabrin did not expect to find such a dangerous opponent in me. For a long time we could not do each other any harm; Finally, noticing that Shvabrin was weakening, I began to attack him with alacrity and drove him almost into the river. Suddenly I heard my name spoken loudly. I looked back and saw Savelich running down the mountain path towards me……. At this very time I was stabbed strongly in the chest below my right shoulder; I fell and fainted.

CHAPTER V. LOVE.

Oh you girl, you red girl!

Don’t go, girl, you’re young to get married;

You ask, girl, father, mother,

Father, mother, clan-tribe;

Save up your mind, girl,

Mind-blowing, dowry.

Folk song.

If you find me better, you will forget.

If you find me worse, you will remember.

Same.
When I woke up, I could not come to my senses for some time and did not understand what had happened to me. I lay on the bed, in an unfamiliar room, and felt very weak. Savelich stood in front of me with a candle in his hands. Someone carefully developed the slings with which my chest and shoulder were tied. Little by little my thoughts became clearer. I remembered my fight and guessed that I was wounded. At that moment the door creaked open. "What? what?" - said a voice in a whisper, which made me tremble. “Everything is in the same position,” Savelich answered with a sigh; - everyone is without memory, this is already the fifth day. “I wanted to turn around, but I couldn’t.” - Where I am? Who is there? - I said with effort. Marya Ivanovna came up to my bed and leaned towards me. "What? How are you feeling?" - she said. “Thank God,” I answered in a weak voice. - Is it you, Marya Ivanovna? tell me... - I was unable to continue and fell silent. Savelich gasped. Joy appeared on his face. “I came to my senses! I came to my senses!” - he repeated. - “Glory to you, lord! Well, Father Pyotr Andreich! you scared me! Is it easy? fifth day!.. Marya Ivanovna interrupted his speech. “Don’t talk to him much, Savelich,” she said. - “He’s still weak.” She went out and quietly closed the door. My thoughts were worried. And so I was in the commandant’s house, Marya Ivanovna came in to see me. I wanted to ask Savelich some questions, but the old man shook his head and covered his ears. I closed my eyes in annoyance and soon fell asleep.

When I woke up, I called Savelich, and instead of him I saw Marya Ivanovna in front of me; her angelic voice greeted me. I cannot express the sweet feeling that took possession of me at that moment. I grabbed her hand and clung to it, shedding tears of tenderness. Masha did not tear her away... and suddenly her lips touched my cheek, and I felt their hot and fresh kiss. Fire ran through me. “Dear, kind Marya Ivanovna,” I told her, “be my wife, agree to my happiness.” - She came to her senses. “For God’s sake, calm down,” she said, taking her hand away from me. - “You are still in danger: the wound may open. Save yourself at least for me." With that word she left, leaving me in a rapture of delight. Happiness resurrected me. She will be mine! she loves Me! This thought filled my entire existence.

From then on, I got better hour by hour. I was treated by the regimental barber, for there was no other doctor in the fortress, and, thank God, he did not act clever. Youth and nature hastened my recovery. the commandant's entire family looked after me. Marya Ivanovna did not leave my side. Of course, at the first opportunity, I began the interrupted explanation, and Marya Ivanovna listened to me more patiently. Without any affectation, she confessed to me her heartfelt inclination and said that her parents would certainly be happy about her happiness. “But think carefully,” she added: “won’t there be any obstacles from your relatives?”

I thought about it. I had no doubt about my mother’s tenderness; but, knowing my father’s character and way of thinking, I felt that my love would not touch him too much, and that he would look at it as a whim of a young man. I sincerely admitted this to Marya Ivanovna, and nevertheless decided to write to my father as eloquently as possible, asking for my parent’s blessing. I showed the letter to Marya Ivanovna, who found it so convincing and touching that she had no doubt about its success, and surrendered to the feelings of her tender heart with all the trustfulness of youth and love.

I made peace with Shvabrin in the first days of my recovery. Ivan Kuzmich, reprimanding me for the fight, told me: “Eh, Pyotr Andreich! I should have put you under arrest, but you are already punished. And Alexey Ivanovich is still sitting in the bread store under guard, and Vasilisa Yegorovna has his sword under lock and key. Let him make up his mind and repent.” “I was too happy to keep a feeling of hostility in my heart.” I began to plead for Shvabrin, and the good commandant, with the consent of his wife, decided to release him. Shvabrin came to me; he expressed deep regret for what happened between us; admitted that he was all to blame and asked me to forget about the past. Being by nature not vindictive, I sincerely forgave him both our quarrel and the wound I received from him. In his slander I saw the chagrin of wounded pride and rejected love, and I generously excused my unfortunate rival.

I soon recovered and was able to move to my apartment. I eagerly awaited an answer to the letter sent, not daring to hope, and trying to drown out sad forebodings. I have not yet explained to Vasilisa Egorovna and her husband; but my proposal should not have surprised them. Neither I nor Marya Ivanovna tried to hide our feelings from them, and we were already sure of their agreement in advance.

Finally, one morning Savelich came in to see me, holding a letter in his hands. I grabbed it with trepidation. The address was written by the priest's hand. This prepared me for something important, because my mother usually wrote letters to me, and he added a few lines at the end. For a long time I did not open the package and re-read the solemn inscription: “To my son Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, to the Orenburg province, to the Belogorsk fortress.” I tried to guess from the handwriting the mood in which the letter was written; I finally decided to print it out, and from the first lines I saw that the whole thing had gone to hell. The contents of the letter were as follows:

“My son Peter! We received your letter, in which you ask us for our parental blessing and consent to marry Marya Ivanovna’s daughter Mironova, on the 15th of this month, and not only do I not intend to give you either my blessing or my consent, but I also intend to to get to you, and for your pranks to teach you a lesson like a boy, despite your officer rank: for you have proven that you are still unworthy of wearing a sword, which was granted to you for the defense of the fatherland, and not for duels with the same tomboys as you myself. I will immediately write to Andrei Karlovich, asking him to transfer you from the Belogorsk fortress somewhere further away, where your nonsense will go away. Your mother, having learned about your fight and that you were wounded, fell ill with grief and is now lying down. What will you become? I pray to God that you will improve, although I do not dare hope for his great mercy.

Your father A.G.”

Reading this letter aroused different feelings in me. The cruel expressions, which the priest did not skimp on, deeply offended me. The disdain with which he mentioned Marya Ivanovna seemed to me as obscene as it was unfair. The thought of my transfer from the Belogorsk fortress terrified me; But what saddened me most was the news of my mother’s illness. I was indignant at Savelich, having no doubt that my fight became known to my parents through him. Walking back and forth in my cramped room, I stopped in front of him and said, looking at him menacingly: “Apparently you are not happy that, thanks to you, I was wounded and was on the edge of the grave for a whole month: you want to kill my mother too.” - Savelich was struck like thunder. “Have mercy, sir,” he said, almost bursting into tears, “what do you want to say? I'm the reason you were hurt! God knows, I ran to shield you with my chest from Alexei Ivanovich’s sword! Damn old age got in the way. What did I do to your mother?” - What did you do? - I answered. -Who asked you to write denunciations against me? Are you assigned to be my spy? - "I? wrote denunciations against you?” - Savelich answered with tears. - “Lord to the king of heaven! So please read what the master writes to me: you will see how I denounced you.” Then he took a letter out of his pocket, and I read the following:

“Shame on you, old dog, that you, despite my strict orders, did not inform me about my son Pyotr Andreevich and that strangers are forced to notify me of his mischief. Is this how you fulfill your position and the will of your master? I love you, old dog! I will send pigs to graze for hiding the truth and conniving with the young man. Having received this, I order you to immediately write to me about his health now, about which they write to me that he has recovered; and where exactly was he wounded and whether he was well treated.”

It was obvious that Savelich was right in front of me and that I needlessly insulted him with reproach and suspicion. I asked him for forgiveness; but the old man was inconsolable. “This is what I have lived to see,” he repeated; - “These are the favors he received from his masters! I am an old dog and a swineherd, and am I also the cause of your wound? No, Father Pyotr Andreich! It’s not me, the damned monsieur, who is to blame for everything: he taught you to poke and stomp with iron skewers, as if by poking and stomping you can protect yourself from an evil person! It was necessary to hire a monsieur and spend extra money!”

But who took the trouble to notify my father about my behavior? General? But he didn't seem to care much about me; and Ivan Kuzmich did not consider it necessary to report on my fight. I was at a loss. My suspicions settled on Shvabrin. He alone had the benefit of denunciation, the consequence of which could have been my removal from the fortress and a break with the commandant’s family. I went to announce everything to Marya Ivanovna. She met me on the porch. “What happened to you?” - she said when she saw me. - “How pale you are!” - everything is over! - I answered and gave her my father’s letter. She turned pale in turn. Having read it, she returned the letter to me with a trembling hand and said in a trembling voice: “Apparently it’s not my fate... Your relatives don’t want me into their family. Let the Lord's will be in everything! God knows better than we do what we need. There is nothing to do, Pyotr Andreich; At least be happy..." - This will not happen! - I cried, grabbing her hand; - Do you love me; I'm ready for anything. Let's go, let's throw ourselves at the feet of your parents; they are simple people, not hard-hearted and proud... They will bless us; we will get married... and then in time, I am sure, we will beg my father; mother will be for us; he will forgive me... “No, Pyotr Andreich,” answered Masha, “I will not marry you without the blessing of your parents. Without their blessing you will not be happy. Let us submit to the will of God. If you find yourself a betrothed, if you fall in love with another, God be with you, Pyotr Andreich; and I am for both of you...” Then she began to cry and left me; I wanted to follow her into the room, but I felt that I was unable to control myself, and I returned home.

I was sitting immersed in deep thought, when suddenly Savelich interrupted my thoughts. “Here, sir,” he said, handing me a sheet of paper covered in writing; “See if I’m an informer on my master, and if I’m trying to mess up my son and father.” I took the paper from his hands: it was Savelich’s response to the letter he had received. Here it is word by word:

“Sovereign Andrei Petrovich, our gracious father!

I received your gracious writing, in which you deign to be angry with me, your servant, that I am ashamed not to carry out my master’s orders; - and I, not an old dog, but your faithful servant, obey the master’s orders and always served you diligently and lived to see my gray hair. I didn’t write anything to you about Pyotr Andreich’s wound, so as not to scare you unnecessarily, and, I hear, the lady, our mother Avdotya Vasilyevna, already fell ill with fright, and I will pray to God for her health. And Pyotr Andreich was wounded under the right shoulder, in the chest right under the bone, one and a half inches deep, and he lay in the commandant’s house, where we brought him from the shore, and he was treated by the local barber Stepan Paramonov; and now Pyotr Andreich, thank God, is healthy, and there is nothing but good things to write about him. The commanders are heard to be pleased with him; and to Vasilisa Yegorovna he is like his own son. And that such an accident happened to him, it’s not a reproach for the fellow: the horse has four legs, but it stumbles. And you deign to write that you will send me to herd pigs, and that is your boyar will. For this I bow slavishly.

Your faithful servant

Arkhip Savelyev."

I couldn’t help but smile several times while reading the good old man’s letter. I was unable to answer the priest; and Savelich’s letter seemed to me sufficient to calm my mother down.

Since then my position has changed. Marya Ivanovna hardly spoke to me, and tried in every possible way to avoid me. The commandant's house became hateful to me. Little by little I learned to sit alone at home. At first Vasilisa Egorovna blamed me for this; but seeing my stubbornness, she left me alone. I saw Ivan Kuzmich only when the service required it. I met Shvabrin rarely and reluctantly, especially since I noticed in him a hidden hostility towards myself, which confirmed my suspicions. My life has become unbearable for me. I fell into a gloomy reverie, fueled by loneliness and inaction. My love flared up in solitude and hour by hour it became more painful for me. I lost the desire for reading and literature. My spirit fell. I was afraid of either going crazy or falling into debauchery. Unexpected events that had an important influence on my whole life suddenly gave my soul a strong and beneficial shock.

CHAPTER VI. PUGACHEVSHCHINA.

You young guys, listen up

What will we old men say?
Song.

Before I begin to describe the strange incidents that I witnessed, I must say a few words about the situation in which the Orenburg province was at the end of 1773.

This vast and rich province was inhabited by many semi-savage peoples who had recently recognized the dominion of the Russian sovereigns. Their constant indignation, unfamiliarity with laws and civil life, frivolity and cruelty required constant supervision from the government to keep them in obedience. The fortresses were built in places considered convenient and were inhabited for the most part by Cossacks, long-time owners of the Yaitsky banks. But the Yaik Cossacks, who were supposed to protect the peace and security of this region, for some time were themselves restless and dangerous subjects for the government. In 1772 there was a disturbance in their main town. The reason for this was the strict measures taken by Major General Traubenberg to bring the army to proper obedience. The consequence was the barbaric murder of Traubenberg, a willful change in government, and finally the pacification of the riot with grapeshot and cruel punishments. This happened some time before my arrival at the Belogorsk fortress. everything was already quiet, or seemed so; the authorities too easily believed the imaginary repentance of the crafty rebels, who were angry in secret and were waiting for an opportunity to renew the unrest.

I turn to my story.

One evening (it was at the beginning of October 1773) I was sitting at home alone, listening to the howl of the autumn wind, and looking out the window at the clouds running past the moon. They came to call me on behalf of the commandant. I set off immediately. At the commandant's I found Shvabrin, Ivan Ignatich and a Cossack constable. There was neither Vasilisa Egorovna nor Marya Ivanovna in the room. The commandant greeted me with a concerned look. He locked the doors, sat everyone down, except for the policeman, who stood at the door, took a paper out of his pocket and told us: “Gentlemen officers, important news! Listen to what the general writes." Then he put on his glasses and read the following:

“To Mr. Commandant of the Belogorsk Fortress, Captain Mironov.

"By secret.

“I hereby inform you that the Don Cossack and schismatic Emelyan Pugachev, who escaped from under guard, committed unforgivable insolence by taking on the name of the late Emperor Peter III, gathered a villainous gang, caused outrage in the Yaitsky villages, and has already taken and destroyed several fortresses, causing destruction everywhere robberies and capital murders. For this reason, having received this, you have, Mr. Captain, to immediately take appropriate measures to repel the aforementioned villain and impostor, and, if possible, to completely destroy him if he turns to the fortress entrusted to your care.”

“Take proper action!” - said the commandant, taking off his glasses and folding the paper. - “Listen, it’s easy to say. The villain is clearly strong; and we have only one hundred and thirty people, not counting the Cossacks, for whom there is little hope, no matter how much it’s said to you, Maksimych. (The officer grinned.) However, there is nothing to be done, gentlemen officers! Be good, establish guards and night watches; in case of attack, lock the gates and remove the soldiers. You, Maksimych, take good care of your Cossacks. Inspect the gun and clean it thoroughly. And most of all, keep all this secret, so that no one in the fortress can find out about it prematurely.”

Having given these orders, Ivan Kuzmich dismissed us. I went out with Shvabrin, discussing what we had heard. - How do you think this will end? - I asked him. “God knows,” he answered; - "We'll see. I don’t see anything important yet. If…” Then he became thoughtful and absent-mindedly began whistling a French aria.

Despite all our precautions, the news of Pugachev’s appearance spread throughout the fortress. Ivan Kuzmich, although he respected his wife very much, would never have told her the secret entrusted to him in his service. Having received a letter from the general, he quite skillfully sent Vasilisa Yegorovna away, telling her that Father Gerasim had received some wonderful news from Orenburg, which he kept in great secret. Vasilisa Egorovna immediately wanted to go visit the priest and, on the advice of Ivan Kuzmich, she took Masha with her so that she would not be bored alone.

Ivan Kuzmich, remaining the complete master, immediately sent for us, and locked Palashka in a closet so that she could not overhear us.

Vasilisa Egorovna returned home without having time to learn anything from the priest, and found out that during her absence Ivan Kuzmich had a meeting and that Palashka was under lock and key. She realized that she had been deceived by her husband and began interrogating him. But Ivan Kuzmich prepared for an attack. He was not at all embarrassed and cheerfully answered his curious roommate: “And you hear, mother, our women have decided to heat the stoves with straw; and as misfortune could result from this, I gave a strict order from now on to the women not to heat the stoves with straw, but to heat them with brushwood and dead wood.” - Why did you have to lock Palashka? - asked the commandant. - Why did the poor girl sit in the closet until we returned? - Ivan Kuzmich was not prepared for such a question; he became confused and muttered something very awkward. Vasilisa Egorovna saw her husband’s deceit; but knowing that she would get nothing out of him, she stopped her questions and started talking about pickles, which Akulina Pamfilovna prepared in a very special way. All night Vasilisa Yegorovna could not sleep, and could not guess what was in her husband’s head that she could not know about.

The next day, returning from mass, she saw Ivan Ignatich, who was pulling out of the cannon rags, pebbles, chips, money and all kinds of rubbish that the children had stuffed into it. “What would these military preparations mean?” - thought the commandant: - “Aren’t they expecting an attack from the Kyrgyz people? But would Ivan Kuzmich really hide such trifles from me?” She called Ivan Ignatyich, with the firm intention of finding out from him the secret that tormented her ladylike curiosity.

Vasilisa Yegorovna made several comments to him regarding the household, like a judge starting an investigation with extraneous questions in order to first lull the defendant’s caution. Then, after being silent for several minutes, she took a deep breath and said, shaking her head: “My God! Look what news! What will happen from this?

And, mother! - answered Ivan Ignatich. - God is merciful: we have enough soldiers, a lot of gunpowder, I cleaned the gun. Perhaps we will fight back against Pugachev. The Lord will not betray you, the pig will not eat you!

“What kind of person is this Pugachev?” - asked the commandant.

Then Ivan Ignatich noticed that he had let it slip and bit his tongue. But it was already too late. Vasilisa Yegorovna forced him to confess everything, giving him his word not to tell anyone about it.

Vasilisa Yegorovna kept her promise and did not say a single word to anyone except the priest, and that was only because her cow still walked in the steppe and could be captured by the villains.

Soon everyone was talking about Pugachev. The rumors were different. The commandant sent a constable with instructions to thoroughly reconnoiter everything in the neighboring villages and fortresses. The constable returned two days later and announced that in the steppe, sixty miles from the fortress, he saw many lights and heard from the Bashkirs that an unknown force was coming. However, he could not say anything positive, because he was afraid to go further.

In the fortress, extraordinary excitement became noticeable between the Cossacks; in all the streets they crowded into groups, talked quietly among themselves, and dispersed when they saw a dragoon or a garrison soldier. Spies were sent to them. Yulay, a baptized Kalmyk, made an important report to the commandant. The sergeant’s testimony, according to Yulay, was false: upon his return, the crafty Cossack announced to his comrades that he had been with the rebels, introduced himself to their leader himself, who allowed him into his hand and talked with him for a long time. The commandant immediately put the constable under guard, and appointed Yulay in his place. This news was received by the Cossacks with obvious displeasure. They grumbled loudly, and Ivan Ignatich, the executor of the commandant’s order, heard with his own ears how they said: “This will happen to you, garrison rat!” The commandant thought to interrogate his prisoner that same day; but the constable escaped from the guard, probably with the help of his like-minded people.

The new circumstance increased the commandant's anxiety. A Bashkir was captured with outrageous sheets. On this occasion, the commandant thought about gathering his officers again, and for this purpose he wanted to remove Vasilisa Yegorovna again under a plausible pretext. But since Ivan Kuzmich was the most straightforward and truthful person, he did not find any other method other than the one he had already used once.

“Listen, Vasilisa Egorovna,” he told her, coughing. - “Father Gerasim received, they say, from the city...” “Stop lying, Ivan Kuzmich,” the commandant interrupted; You, I know, want to hold a meeting and talk about Emelyan Pugachev without me; you won't be fooled! - Ivan Kuzmich widened his eyes. “Well, mother,” he said, “if you already know everything, then perhaps stay; We’ll talk in front of you too.” “That’s it, my dad,” she answered; - it’s not for you to be cunning; send for the officers.

We gathered again. Ivan Kuzmich, in the presence of his wife, read to us Pugachev’s appeal, written by some semi-literate Cossack. The robber announced his intention to immediately march on our fortress; he invited Cossacks and soldiers into his gang, and exhorted the commanders not to resist, threatening execution otherwise. The appeal was written in rude but strong terms, and was intended to make a dangerous impression on the minds of ordinary people.

“What a fraud!” - exclaimed the commandant. - “What else does he dare offer us? Go out to meet him and lay banners at his feet! Oh he's a son of a dog! But doesn’t he know that we’ve been in the service for forty years and, thank God, we’ve seen enough? Are there really any commanders who listened to the robber?”

It seems that it shouldn’t,” answered Ivan Kuzmich. - And I hear that the elodea has taken possession of many fortresses. "

“Apparently he is really strong,” noted Shvabrin.

But now we’ll find out his real strength,” said the commandant. - Vasilisa Egorovna, give me the key to the barn. Ivan Ignatich, bring the Bashkir and order Yulay to bring whips here.

“Wait, Ivan Kuzmich,” said the commandant, getting up from her seat. - “Let me take Masha somewhere out of the house; otherwise he will hear a scream and get scared. And, to tell the truth, I’m not a huntress. Happy stay."

Torture, in the old days, was so rooted in the customs of legal proceedings that the beneficent decree that abolished it remained for a long time without any effect. They thought that the criminal’s own confession was necessary for his complete exposure - an idea that is not only unfounded, but even completely contrary to common legal sense: for if the defendant’s denial is not accepted as proof of his innocence, then his confession, even less, should be proof of his guilt. Even now I happen to hear old judges regretting the destruction of the barbaric custom. In our time, no one doubted the need for torture, neither judges nor defendants. So the commandant’s order did not surprise or alarm any of us. Ivan Ignatich went for the Bashkir, who was sitting in the barn under the key of the commandant, and a few minutes later the slave was brought into the hall. The commandant ordered him to be presented to him.

The Bashkir stepped with difficulty over the threshold (he was in the stocks) and, taking off his high hat, stopped at the door. I looked at him and shuddered. I will never forget this man. He seemed to be over seventy years old. He had neither a nose nor ears. His head was shaved; instead of a beard, several gray hairs stuck out; he was short, skinny and hunched over; but his narrow eyes still sparkled with fire. - “Ehe!” - said the commandant, recognizing, by his terrible signs, one of the rebels punished in 1741. - “Yes, you’re obviously an old wolf, you’ve been in our traps. It’s not the first time you’ve rebelled, since your head is so smoothly planed. Come a little closer; tell me, who sent you?”

The old Bashkir was silent and looked at the commandant with an air of complete senselessness. "Why are you silent?" - continued Ivan Kuzmich: - “or don’t you understand belmes in Russian? Yulay, ask him, in your opinion, who sent him to our fortress?”

Yulay repeated Ivan Kuzmich’s question in Tatar. But the Bashkir looked at him with the same expression and did not answer a word.

“Yakshi,” said the commandant; - “You will talk to me.” Guys! take off his stupid striped robe and stitch his back. Look, Yulay: give him a good time!”

Two disabled people began to undress the Bashkir. The unfortunate man's face showed concern. He looked around in all directions, like an animal caught by children. When one of the disabled people took his hands and, putting them near his neck, lifted the old man onto his shoulders, and Yulay took the whip and swung it: then the Bashkir groaned in a weak, pleading voice and, nodding his head, opened his mouth, in which instead of a tongue, a short stump.

When I remember that this happened in my lifetime, and that I have now lived to see the meek reign of Emperor Alexander, I cannot help but be amazed at the rapid successes of enlightenment and the spread of the rules of philanthropy. Young man! If my notes fall into your hands, remember that the best and most lasting changes are those that come from improving morals, without any violent upheavals.

Everyone was amazed. “Well,” said the commandant; - “It looks like we can’t get any sense from him. Yulay, take the Bashkir to the barn. And we, gentlemen, will talk about something else.”

We began to talk about our situation, when suddenly Vasilisa Yegorovna entered the room, out of breath and looking extremely alarmed.

“What happened to you?” - asked the amazed commandant.

“Fathers, trouble!” answered Vasilisa Egorovna. - Nizhneozernaya was taken this morning. Gerasim's father's worker has now returned from there. He saw how they took her. The commandant and all the officers were hanged. All soldiers have been captured. Just look, the villains will be here.

The unexpected news shocked me greatly. The commandant of the Nizhneozernaya fortress, a quiet and modest young man, was familiar to me: two months before, he had traveled from Orenburg with his young wife and stayed with Ivan Kuzmich. Nizhneozernaya was located about twenty-five versts from our fortress. Any hour now we should have expected Pugachev’s attack. The fate of Marya Ivanovna vividly appeared to me, and my heart sank.

Listen, Ivan Kuzmich! - I told the commandant. - It is our duty to defend the fortress until our last breath; there is nothing to say about this. But we need to think about the safety of women. Send them to Orenburg, if the road is still clear, or to a distant, more reliable fortress, where the villains would not have time to reach.

Ivan Kuzmich turned to his wife and said to her: “Hear you, mother, really, shouldn’t we send you away until we deal with the rebels?”

And, empty! - said the commandant. - Where is such a fortress where bullets wouldn’t fly? Why is Belogorskaya unreliable? Thank God, we have been living in it for twenty-two years. We saw both Bashkirs and Kyrgyzs: maybe we’ll sit out Pugachev too!

“Well, mother,” objected Ivan Kuemich, “perhaps stay, if you hope for our fortress. But what should we do with Masha? It’s good if we sit it out or wait until the next day; Well, what if the villains take the fortress?

Well, then... - Here Vasilisa Egorovna stuttered and fell silent with an appearance of extreme excitement.

“No, Vasilisa Yegorovna,” the commandant continued, noting that his words had an effect, perhaps for the first time in his life. - “It’s not good for Masha to stay here. Let's send her to Orenburg to her godmother: there are plenty of troops and guns, and a stone wall. Yes, I would advise you to go there with her; It’s okay that you’re an old woman, but look what will happen to you if they take the fort by storm.”

“Okay,” said the commandant, “so be it, we’ll send Masha away.” And don’t even ask me in a dream: I won’t go. There is no reason for me to part with you in my old age and look for a lonely grave on a strange side. Live together, die together.

“And that’s the point,” said the commandant. - “Well, there’s no need to hesitate. Go get Masha ready for the trip. Tomorrow we'll send her away, and we'll give her a convoy, even though we don't have any extra people. Where is Masha?”

“At Akulina Pamfilovna’s,” answered the commandant. - She felt sick when she heard about the capture of Nizhneozernaya; I'm afraid I'll get sick. Lord Lord, what have we come to!

Vasilisa Egorovna left to arrange for her daughter’s departure. The commandant's conversation continued; but I no longer interfered with it and did not listen to anything. Marya Ivanovna came to dinner pale and tear-stained. We dined in silence and left the table sooner than usual; Having said goodbye to the whole family, we went home. But I deliberately forgot my sword and went back for it: I had a presentiment that I would find Marya Ivanovna alone. In fact, she met me at the door and handed me a sword. “Farewell, Pyotr Andreich!” - she told me with tears. - “They are sending me to Orenburg. Be alive and happy; maybe the Lord will bring us to see each other; if not...” Then she began to sob. I hugged her. “Farewell, my angel,” I said, “farewell, my dear, my beloved!” Whatever happens to me, believe that my last thought and last prayer will be about you! - Masha sobbed, clinging to my chest. I kissed her passionately and hurriedly left the room.

CHAPTER VII. ATTACK.

My head, little head,

Head serving!

My little head served

Exactly thirty years and three years.

Oh, the little head didn't last long

No self-interest, no joy,

No matter how kind a word you say to yourself

And not a high rank;

Only the little head has served

Two tall columns

Maple crossbar,

Another silk loop.
folk song

That night I did not sleep and did not undress. I intended to go at dawn to the fortress gates, from where Marya Ivanovna was supposed to leave, and there to say goodbye to her for the last time. I felt a great change in myself: the excitement of my soul was much less painful to me than the despondency in which I had recently been immersed. With the sadness of separation, vague but sweet hopes, an impatient expectation of danger, and feelings of noble ambition merged in me. The night passed unnoticed. I was about to leave the house when my door opened and a corporal came to me with a report that our Cossacks had left the fortress at night, taking Yulay with them by force, and that unknown people were driving around the fortress. The thought that Marya Ivanovna would not have time to leave terrified me; I hastily gave the corporal some instructions, and immediately rushed to the commandant.

It's already dawn. I was flying down the street when I heard my name called. I stopped. "Where are you going?" - said Ivan Ignatich, catching up with me. - “Ivan Kuzmich is on the rampart and sent me for you. The scarecrow has arrived." - Has Marya Ivanovna left? - I asked with trembling heart. “I didn’t have time,” answered Ivan Ignatyich: “the road to Orenburg is cut off; the fortress is surrounded. It’s bad, Pyotr Andreich!”

We went to the rampart, an elevation formed by nature and fortified with a palisade. All the inhabitants of the fortress were already crowded there. The garrison stood at gunpoint. The cannon was moved there the day before. The commandant paced in front of his small formation. The proximity of danger animated the old warrior with extraordinary vigor. Around the steppe, not far from the fortress, about twenty people were riding around on horseback. They seemed to be Cossacks, but among them were also Bashkirs, who could easily be recognized by their lynx hats and quivers. The commandant walked around his army, telling the soldiers: “Well, kids, today we will stand up for Mother Empress and prove to the whole world that we are brave people and sworn!” The soldiers loudly expressed their zeal. Shvabrin stood next to me and looked intently at the enemy. People traveling in the steppe, noticing movement in the fortress, gathered in a group and began to talk among themselves. The commandant ordered Ivan Ignatyich to point the cannon at their crowd, and he himself set the fuse. The cannonball buzzed and flew over them without causing any harm. The riders, scattered, immediately galloped out of sight, and the steppe was empty.

Then Vasilisa Egorovna appeared on the rampart and with her Masha, who did not want to leave her. - "Well?" - said the commandant. - “How is the battle going? Where is the enemy? “The enemy is not far,” answered Ivan Kuzmich. - God willing, everything will be fine. What, Masha, are you scared? “No, daddy,” answered Marya Ivanovna; - “It’s worse at home alone.” Then she looked at me and smiled forcefully. I involuntarily squeezed the hilt of my sword, remembering that the day before I had received it from her hands, as if to protect my beloved. My heart was burning. I imagined myself as her knight. I longed to prove that I was worthy of her trust, and began to eagerly await the decisive moment.

At this time, from behind a height located half a mile from the fortress, new crowds of horsemen appeared, and soon the steppe was dotted with many people armed with spears and sideks. Between them rode a man in a red caftan on a white horse, with a drawn saber in his hand: it was Pugachev himself. He stopped; he was surrounded and, apparently, at his command, four people separated and galloped up at full speed right up to the fortress. We recognized them as our traitors. One of them held a sheet of paper under his hat; the other had Yulay's head stuck on a spear, which he shook off and threw over the palisade to us. The poor Kalmyk's head fell at the commandant's feet. The traitors shouted: “Don’t shoot; go out to the sovereign. The Emperor is here!

“Here I am!” - Ivan Kuzmich shouted. - "Guys! shoot!” Our soldiers fired a volley. The Cossack holding the letter staggered and fell off his horse; others galloped back. I looked at Marya Ivanovna. Struck by the sight of Yulay’s bloody head, deafened by the volley, she seemed unconscious. The commandant called the corporal and ordered him to take the leaf from the hands of the killed Cossack. The corporal went out into the field and returned, leading the horse of the dead man. He handed the commandant a letter. Ivan Kuzmich read it to himself and then tore it into shreds. Meanwhile, the rebels were apparently preparing for action. Soon bullets began whistling near our ears, and several arrows stuck into the ground and into the stockade near us. “Vasilisa Egorovna!” - said the commandant. - “It’s not a woman’s business here; take Masha away; you see: the girl is neither alive nor dead.”

Vasilisa Egorovna, subdued under the bullets, looked at the steppe, where a lot of movement was noticeable; then she turned to her husband and told him: “Ivan Kuzmich, God is free in life and death: bless Masha. Masha, come to your father."

Masha, pale and trembling, approached Ivan Kuzmich, knelt down and bowed to the ground. The old commandant crossed her three times; then he picked her up and, kissing her, said to her in a changed voice: “Well, Masha, be happy. Pray to God: he will not leave you. If there is a kind person, God give you love and advice. Live as Vasilisa Egorovna and I lived. Well, goodbye. Masha. Vasilisa Egorovna, take her away quickly.” (Masha threw herself on his neck and began to sob.) “We’ll kiss too,” the commandant said, crying. - “Farewell, my Ivan Kuzmich. Let me go if I have annoyed you in any way! “Farewell, goodbye, mother!” said the commandant, hugging his old woman. - “Well, that’s enough!” Go, go home; “If you have time, put a sundress on Masha.” The commandant and her daughter left. I looked after Marya Ivanovna; she looked back and nodded her head at me. Here Ivan Kuzmich turned to us, and all his attention was directed to the enemy. The rebels gathered around their leader, and suddenly began to get off their horses. “Now stand strong,” said the commandant; - “There will be an attack...” At that moment a terrible squeal and screams were heard; The rebels ran to the fortress. Our cannon was loaded with buckshot. The commandant let them get as close as possible, and suddenly fired out again. The grapeshot hit the very middle of the crowd. The rebels fled in both directions and retreated. Their leader was left alone in front... He waved his saber and seemed to be eagerly persuading them... The screaming and squealing, which had fallen silent for a minute, immediately resumed again. “Well, guys,” said the commandant; - “Now open the gate, beat the drum.” Guys! forward, on a sortie, follow me!“

The commandant, Ivan Ignatich and I instantly found ourselves behind the ramparts; but the timid garrison did not move. “Why are you kids standing there?” - Ivan Kuzmich shouted. - “To die, to die like that: it’s a service!” At that moment the rebels ran at us and broke into the fortress. The drum fell silent; the garrison abandoned their guns; I was about to be knocked down, but I got up and, together with the rebels, entered the fortress. The commandant, wounded in the head, stood in a group of villains who demanded the keys from him. I rushed to his aid: several hefty Cossacks grabbed me and tied me with sashes, saying: “This will happen to you, disobedient sovereigns!” We were dragged through the streets; residents left their houses with bread and salt. The bell was ringing. Suddenly the crowd shouted that the sovereign was waiting for the prisoners in the square and was taking the oath. People poured into the square; we were driven there too.

Pugachev was sitting in an armchair on the porch of the commandant’s house. He was wearing a red Cossack caftan trimmed with braid. A tall sable cap with golden tassels was pulled down over his sparkling eyes. His face seemed familiar to me. Cossack elders surrounded him. Father Gerasim, pale and trembling, stood at the porch, with a cross in his hands, and seemed to silently beg him for the upcoming sacrifices. A gallows was quickly erected in the square. When we approached, the Bashkirs dispersed the people and we were introduced to Pugachev. The ringing of the bells ceased; there was deep silence. “Which commandant?” - asked the impostor. Our constable stepped out from the crowd and pointed to Ivan Kuzmich. Pugachev looked menacingly at the old man and said to him: “How dare you resist me, your sovereign?” The commandant, exhausted from the wound, gathered his last strength and answered in a firm voice: “You are not my sovereign, you are a thief and an impostor, hear you!” Pugachev frowned gloomily and waved his white handkerchief. Several Cossacks grabbed the old captain and dragged him to the gallows. On its crossbar found himself riding a mutilated Bashkir, whom we had interrogated the day before. He held a rope in his hand, and a minute later I saw poor Ivan Kuemich suspended in the air. Then they brought Ivan Ignatich to Pugachev. “Swear allegiance,” Pugachev told him, “to Sovereign Peter Feodorovich!” “You are not our sovereign,” answered Ivan Ignatich, repeating the words of his captain. - You, uncle, are a thief and an impostor! - Pugachev waved his handkerchief again, and the good lieutenant hung next to his old boss.

The line was behind me. I looked boldly at Pugachev, preparing to repeat the answer of my generous comrades. Then, to my indescribable amazement, I saw among the rebel elders Shvabrin, with his hair cut in a circle and wearing a Cossack caftan. He approached Pugachev and said a few words in his ear. “Hang him!” - said Pugachev, without looking at me. They put a noose around my neck. I began to read a prayer to myself, bringing sincere repentance to God for all my sins and begging him for the salvation of all those close to my heart. I was dragged to the gallows. “Don’t worry, don’t worry,” the destroyers repeated to me, perhaps really wanting to encourage me. Suddenly I heard a cry: “Wait, you damned ones! wait!..” The executioners stopped. I look: Savelich is lying at Pugachev’s feet. “Dear father!” - said the poor guy. - “What do you care about the death of the master’s child? Let him go; They will give you a ransom for it; and for the sake of example and fear, order them to hang me as an old man!” Pugachev gave a sign, and they immediately untied me and left me. “Our father has mercy on you,” they told me. At this moment I cannot say that I am happy about my deliverance, but I cannot say that I regret it. My feelings were too vague. I was again brought to the impostor and made to kneel before him. Pugachev extended his sinewy hand to me. “Kiss the hand, kiss the hand!” - they said around me. But I would prefer the most brutal execution to such vile humiliation. “Father Pyotr Andreich!” - Savelich whispered, standing behind me and pushing me. - “Don’t be stubborn! what does it cost you? spit and kiss the evil one... (ugh!) kiss his hand.” I didn't move. Pugachev lowered his hand, saying with a grin: “His noble nobility has gone crazy with joy. Lift him up!” - They picked me up and left me free. I began to look at the continuation of the terrible comedy.

Residents began to swear oaths. They approached one after another, kissing the crucifix and then bowing to the impostor. The garrison soldiers were standing right there. The company tailor, armed with his blunt scissors, cut their braids. They, shaking themselves off, approached the hand of Pugachev, who declared forgiveness to them and accepted them into his gang. all this lasted about three hours. Finally, Pugachev got up from his chair and walked off the porch, accompanied by his elders. They brought him a white horse, decorated with rich harness. Two Cossacks took him by the arms and put him on the saddle. He announced to Father Gerasim that he would have dinner with him. At that moment a woman's scream was heard. Several robbers dragged Vasilisa Yegorovna onto the porch, disheveled and stripped naked. One of them had already dressed up in her warmer. Others carried feather beds, chests, tea utensils, linen and all the junk. “My fathers!” - screamed the poor old woman. - “Release your soul to repentance. Dear fathers, take me to Ivan Kuzmich.” Suddenly she looked at the gallows and recognized her husband. "Villains!" - she screamed in a frenzy. - “What did you do to him? You are my light, Ivan Kuzmich, you brave little soldier! Neither Prussian bayonets nor Turkish bullets touched you; You didn’t lay down your belly in a fair fight, but perished from an escaped convict!” - Put down the old witch! - said Pugachev. Then a young Cossack hit her on the head with a saber, and she fell dead on the steps of the porch. Pugachev left; the people rushed after him.

CHAPTER VIII. UNINVITED GUEST.

An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar.
Proverb.

The square was empty. I kept standing in one place and could not put my thoughts in order, confused by such terrible impressions.

The unknown about Marya Ivanovna’s fate tormented me most of all. Where is she? what's wrong with her? did you manage to hide? Is her shelter safe?.. Full of anxious thoughts, I entered the commandant’s house... everything was empty; chairs, tables, chests were broken; the dishes are broken; everything is taken apart. I ran up the small staircase that led to the little room, and for the first time in my life I entered Marya Ivanovna’s room. I saw her bed, torn up by robbers; the wardrobe was broken and robbed; the lamp was still glowing in front of the empty ark. The mirror hanging in the wall also survived... Where was the mistress of this humble, maiden cell? A terrible thought flashed through my mind: I imagined her in the hands of robbers... My heart sank. . . I cried bitterly, bitterly, and loudly pronounced the name of my dear... At that moment a slight noise was heard, and Broadsword appeared from behind the closet, pale and trembling.

“Ah, Pyotr Andreich!” - she said, clasping her hands. - “What a day!” what passions!.."

And Marya Ivanovna? - I asked impatiently, - what about Marya Ivanovna?

“The young lady is alive,” answered Broadsword. - “It is hidden with Akulina Pamfilovna.”

At the priest's! - I cried out in horror. - My God! yes there is Pugachev!..

I rushed out of the room, instantly found myself on the street and ran headlong into the priest’s house, seeing and feeling nothing. Screams, laughter and songs were heard there... Pugachev was feasting with his comrades. The broadsword ran there after me. I sent her to quietly call Akulina Pamfilovna. A minute later the priest came out to me in the hallway with an empty damask in her hands.

For God's sake! where is Marya Ivanovna? - I asked with inexplicable excitement.

“He’s lying, my dear, on my bed, behind the partition,” answered the priest. - “Well, Pyotr Andreich, trouble almost struck, but thank God, everything went well: the villain had just sat down to dinner, when she, my poor thing, woke up and groaned!.. I just froze. He heard: “Who is that groaning at you, old woman?” I’m a thief at the waist: my niece, sir; I fell ill, I’m lying there, it’s just another week. - “Is your niece young?” - Young, sir. - “Show me, old woman, your niece.” “My heart skipped a beat, but there was nothing to do.” - If you please, sir; Only the girl won’t be able to get up and come to your mercy. - “Nothing, old woman, I’ll go and have a look myself.” And the accursed one went behind the partition; How do you think! After all, he pulled back the curtain and looked with his hawk eyes! - and nothing... God took it out! But would you believe it, my dad and I were already prepared for martyrdom. Fortunately, she, my dear, did not recognize him. Lord, master, we have waited for the holiday! Nothing to say! poor Ivan Kuzmich! who would have thought!.. And Vasilisa Egorovna? And what about Ivan Ignatyich? Why was he?.. How did they spare you? And what is Shvabrin, Alexey Ivanovich like? After all, he cut his hair into a circle and now he’s feasting with them right there! Agile, nothing to say! And as I said about my sick niece, do you believe it, he looked at me like he was piercing me with a knife; however, he didn’t give it away, thanks to him for that.” - At that moment the drunken screams of the guests and the voice of Father Gerasim were heard. The guests demanded wine, the owner called his partner. The priest got busy. “Go home, Pyotr Andreich,” she said; - “Now it’s not up to you; The villains are on a drinking binge. Trouble is, you will fall under a drunken hand. Goodbye, Pyotr Andreich. What will be will be; maybe God won’t leave you!”

Popadya left. Somewhat reassured, I went to my apartment. Walking past the square, I saw several Bashkirs crowding around the gallows and pulling off the boots of the hanged; I could hardly restrain the outburst of indignation, feeling the futility of intercession. Robbers ran around the fortress, robbing officers' houses. The screams of drunken rebels were heard everywhere. I came home. Savelich met me at the threshold. "God bless!" - he cried when he saw me. - “I thought that the villains had picked you up again. Well, Father Pyotr Andreich! do you believe? The scammers plundered everything from us: clothes, linen, things, dishes - they left nothing. So what! Thank God they released you alive! Did you recognize, sir, the chieftain?”

No, I didn’t find out; and who is he?

“How, father? Have you forgotten that drunkard who lured your sheepskin coat from you at the inn? The bunny’s sheepskin coat is brand new, but he, the beast, tore it apart by putting it on himself!”

I was amazed. In fact, the resemblance between Pugachev and my counselor was striking. I made sure that Pugachev and he were one and the same person, and then I understood the reason for the mercy shown to me. I could not help but marvel at the strange combination of circumstances; a children's sheepskin coat, given to a tramp, freed me from the noose, and a drunkard, staggering through inns, besieged fortresses and shook the state!

“Would you like to eat?” - asked Savelich, unchanged in his habits. - “There is nothing at home; I’ll go and rummage around and make something for you.”

Left alone, I plunged into thought. What was I supposed to do? It was indecent for an officer to remain in a fortress subject to the villain, or to follow his gang. Duty demanded that I appear where my service could still be useful to the fatherland in present, difficult circumstances... But love strongly advised me to stay with Marya Ivanovna and be her protector and patron. Although I foresaw a quick and undoubted change in circumstances, I still could not help but tremble, imagining the danger of her position.

My thoughts were interrupted by the arrival of one of the Cossacks, who came running with the announcement that “the great sovereign demands you to come to him.” - Where is he? - I asked, preparing to obey.

“In the commandant’s office,” answered the Cossack. - “After lunch, our father went to the bathhouse, and now he’s resting. Well, your honor, it is clear from everything that he is a noble person: at dinner he deigned to eat two roasted pigs, and he was steaming so hot that Taras Kurochkin could not stand it, he gave the broom to Fomka Bikbaev, and forcibly pumped himself out with cold water. There is nothing to say: all the techniques are so important... And in the bathhouse, you can hear him showing his royal signs on his chest: on one there is a double-headed eagle, the size of a nickel, and on the other his person.”

I did not consider it necessary to challenge the Cossack’s opinions and went with him to the commandant’s house, imagining in advance a meeting with Pugachev, and trying to predict how it would end. The reader can easily imagine that I was not completely cool-headed.

It was beginning to get dark when I arrived at the commandant’s house. The gallows with its victims turned terribly black. The body of the poor commandant was still lying under the porch, where two Cossacks stood guard. The Cossack who brought me went to report about me, and immediately returned and led me into the room where the day before I had so tenderly said goodbye to Marya Ivanovna.

An extraordinary picture presented itself to me: at a table covered with a tablecloth and set with damasks and glasses, Pugachev and about ten Cossack elders were sitting, in hats and colored shirts, flushed with wine, with red faces and shining eyes. Between them there was neither Shvabrin nor our constable, the newly recruited traitors. “Ah, your honor!” - said Pugachev, seeing me. - "Welcome; honor and place, you are welcome.” The interlocutors made room. I sat down silently on the edge of the table. My neighbor, a young Cossack, slender and handsome, poured me a glass of simple wine, which I did not touch. I began to examine the gathering with curiosity. Pugachev sat in the first place, leaning on the table and propping up his black beard with his wide fist. His facial features, regular and rather pleasant, did not express anything ferocious. He often addressed a man of about fifty, calling him either count or Timofeich, and sometimes calling him uncle. Everyone treated each other as comrades, and did not show any special preference to their leader. The conversation was about the morning attack, the success of the indignation and future actions. Everyone boasted, offered their opinions and freely challenged Pugachev. And at this strange military council, it was decided to go to Orenburg: a daring movement, and which was almost crowned with disastrous success! The campaign was announced for tomorrow. “Well, brothers,” said Pugachev, “let’s sing my favorite song for the coming sleep. Chumakov! start!” - My neighbor began to sing a mournful barge hauler song in a thin voice, and everyone joined in in chorus:

Don't make noise, mother green oak tree,

Don’t bother me, good fellow, from thinking.

Why should I, good fellow, go into interrogation tomorrow morning?

Before the formidable judge, the king himself.

The Sovereign Tsar will also ask me:

Tell me, tell me, little peasant son,

Just like with whom did you steal, with whom did you steal,

How many other comrades were with you?

I'll tell you, Nadezhda Orthodox Tsar,

I'll tell you the whole truth, the whole truth,

That I had four comrades:

Another my first friend is the dark night,

And my second comrade is a damask knife,

And as a third comrade, my good horse,

And my fourth comrade, that tight bow,

My messengers are like red-hot arrows.

What will the Orthodox Tsar say:

Use it for you, little peasant son,

That you knew how to steal, you knew how to answer!

I'll thank you for that, baby

In the middle of the field there are tall mansions,

What about two pillars with a crossbar?

It is impossible to tell what effect this simple folk song about the gallows, sung by people doomed to the gallows, had on me. Their menacing faces, slender voices, the sad expression that they gave to words that were already expressive - everything shocked me with some kind of pyitic horror.

The guests drank another glass, got up from the table and said goodbye to Pugachev. I wanted to follow them, but Pugachev told me: “Sit; I want to talk to you." - We stayed eye to eye.

Our mutual silence continued for several minutes. Pugachev looked at me intently, occasionally squinting his left eye with an amazing expression of trickery and mockery. Finally he laughed, and with such unfeigned gaiety that I, looking at him, began to laugh, without knowing why.

“What, your honor?” - he told me. - “You were afraid, admit it, when my fellows threw a rope around your neck? I’m having tea, the sky seemed the size of a sheepskin... And I would have swung on the crossbar if it weren’t for your servant. I immediately recognized the old guy. Well, did you think, your honor, that the man who brought you to the skill was the great sovereign himself? (Here he assumed an important and mysterious look.) “You are deeply to blame for me,” he continued; - “But I had mercy on you because of your virtue, because you did me a favor when I was forced to hide from my enemies. You'll see again! Will I still favor you when I get my own state? Do you promise to serve me with diligence?

The scammer’s question and his impudence seemed so funny to me that I couldn’t help but grin.

“Why are you grinning? - he asked me, frowning. - “Or don’t you believe that I am a great sovereign?” Answer directly."

I was embarrassed: I was not able to recognize the tramp as sovereign: it seemed to me unforgivable cowardice. To call him a deceiver to his face was to expose oneself to destruction; and what I was ready to do under the gallows in the eyes of all the people and in the first heat of indignation now seemed to me useless boastfulness. I hesitated. Pugachev gloomily waited for my answer. Finally (and I still remember this moment with self-satisfaction) the sense of duty triumphed in me over human weakness. I answered Pugachev: Listen; I'll tell you the whole truth. Judge, can I recognize you as a sovereign? You are a smart man: you would see for yourself that I am deceitful.

“Who am I, in your opinion?”

God knows you; but whoever you are, you are telling a dangerous joke.

Pugachev looked at me quickly. “So you don’t believe,” he said, “that I was Tsar Peter Fedorovich? Well, good. Isn't there good luck for the daring? Didn’t Grishka Otrepiev reign in the old days? Think what you want about me, but don’t lag behind me. What do you care about other things? Whoever is a priest is a dad. Serve me with faith and truth, and I will make you a field marshal and a prince. How do you think?"

“No,” I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you. If you really wish me well, then let me go to Orenburg.

Pugachev thought about it. “And if I let you go,” he said, “will you at least promise not to serve against me?”

How can I promise you this? - I answered. “You know, it’s not my will: if they tell you to go against you, I’ll go, there’s nothing to do.” You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse to serve when my service is needed? My head is in your power: if you let me go, thank you; if you execute, God will judge you; and I told you the truth.

“My sincerity struck Pugachev. “So be it,” he said, hitting me on the shoulder. - “To execute is to execute, to be merciful is to be merciful.” Go ahead and do whatever you want. Tomorrow come to say goodbye to me, and now go to bed, and I’m already falling asleep.”

I left Pugachev and went out into the street. The night was quiet and frosty. The moon and stars shone brightly, illuminating the square and the gallows. Everything in the fortress was calm and dark. Only in the tavern was the fire glowing and the screams of belated revelers were heard. I looked at the rectory. The shutters and gates were locked. Everything in it seemed to be quiet.

I came to my apartment and found Savelich grieving over my absence. The news of my freedom delighted him beyond words. “Glory to you, lord!” - he said crossing himself. - “As soon as the light comes, let’s leave the fortress and go wherever our eyes look. I have prepared something for you; eat, father, and rest until the morning, like in Christ’s bosom.”

I followed his advice and, having dined with great appetite, fell asleep on the bare floor, tired mentally and physically.

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About the product

The idea of ​​the novel “The Captain's Daughter” originated during Pushkin’s trip to the Orenburg province. The novel was created in parallel with “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion.” It was as if Pushkin was taking a break from the “compressed and dry presentation of History.” In "The Captain's Daughter" they found a place for "the warmth and charm of historical notes." "The History of the Pugachev Rebellion" and "The Captain's Daughter" were completed in 1833.

“The Captain’s Daughter was written between all sorts of things, among work on the Pugachev era, but there is more history in it than in “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion,” which seems like a long explanatory note to the novel,” Klyuchevsky wrote.

The novel was first published a year before Pushkin’s death in Sovremennik, but not under Pushkin’s authorship, but as the family notes of a certain nobleman Pyotr Grinev. For censorship reasons, the chapter about the peasant revolt on Grinev’s estate was removed from the novel.

Almost 80 years after the release of The Captain's Daughter, an unknown young man came to St. Petersburg from the outback, dreaming of becoming a writer. He chose Zinaida Gippius, a well-known symbolist poetess at that time, as his mentor and critic.

It was to her that he brought his first literary samples. The poetess, with undisguised irritation, advised the ambitious writer to read The Captain's Daughter. The young man left, considering the advice offensive to himself.

And a quarter of a century later, having gone through difficult life trials, Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin wrote in his diary: “My homeland is not Yelets, where I was born, not St. Petersburg, where I settled down to live, both are now archeology for me... my homeland, unrivaled in simple beauty, combined with kindness and wisdom - my homeland is Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”.

A very brief summary (in a nutshell)

When Pyotr Grinev turned 16 years old, his father decided to send him to military service in Orenburg. His teacher from the age of five, Savelich, went with him. On the way to Orenburg, they lose their way in a snowstorm. They are rescued by an unknown person, to whom Grinev gives a hare fur coat. Having reached Orenburg, he meets with General Andrei Karlovich R., who sends him to the Belogorsk fortress. In the fortress he is well received by the commandant and his wife. They have a daughter, Masha, with whom Grinev immediately falls in love. One of the officers of the Shvabrin fortress speaks poorly of her. It comes to a duel, in which Peter is wounded. After some time, the rebel Emelyan Pugachev with his army approaches the fortress and quickly captures it, so many go over to his side, including Shvabrin. Pugachev kills Masha’s parents and is about to hang Grinev, but recognizes him. It turns out that he is the stranger who helped Peter in the snowstorm, and for this, he gave him a fur coat. He releases Grinev to Orenburg, and makes Shvabrin commandant of the fortress, who immediately begins to harass Masha. She writes a letter to Grinev asking him to help her, and he goes to Pugachev with a request to let her go, which he does. Soon Pugachev was caught, and Peter was unexpectedly arrested, accused of conspiring with Pugachev, and sentenced to exile. Masha goes to St. Petersburg and accidentally meets the empress in the garden. She tells her the whole truth, and she frees Grinev. Soon Pugachev is executed, and the young people get married.

Pushkin first published the historical story “The Captain's Daughter” in 1836. According to researchers, the work is at the intersection of romanticism and realism. The genre is not precisely defined - some consider “The Captain’s Daughter” to be a story, others – a full-fledged novel.

The action of the work takes place during the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev and is based on real events. The story is written in the form of memoirs of the main character Pyotr Andreich Grinev - his diary entries. The work is named after Grinev’s beloved Marya Mironova, the captain’s daughter.

Main characters

Petr Andreich Grinev- the main character of the story, a nobleman, an officer, on whose behalf the story is told.

Marya Ivanovna Mironova- daughter of captain Mironov; “a girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy.”

Emelyan Pugachev- the leader of the peasant uprising, “about forty, average height, thin and broad-shouldered,” with a black beard.

Arkhip Savelich- an old man who was Grinev’s teacher from an early age.

Other characters

Andrey Petrovich Grinev- father of Pyotr Andreich, retired prime minister.

Ivan Ivanovich Zurin- an officer whom Grinev met in a tavern in Simbirsk.

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin- an officer whom Grinev met in the Belogorsk fortress; joined Pugachev's rebels, testified against Grinev.

Mironov Ivan Kuzmich- captain, Marya’s father, commandant in the Belogorsk fortress.

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard

The father of the main character, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, retired as prime minister, began to live in his Simbirsk village, and married the daughter of a local nobleman. From the age of five, Petya was sent to be raised by the eager Savelich. When the main character turned 16 years old, his father, instead of sending him to St. Petersburg to the Semenovsky regiment (as previously planned), assigned him to serve in Orenburg. Savelich was sent along with the young man.

On the way to Orenburg, in a tavern in Simbirsk, Grinev met the captain of the hussar regiment, Zurin. He taught the young man to play billiards and offered to play for money. After drinking the punch, Grinev got excited and lost a hundred rubles. The distressed Savelich had to repay the debt.

Chapter 2. Counselor

On the way, Grinev dozed off and had a dream in which he saw something prophetic. Peter dreamed that he came to say goodbye to his dying father, but in bed he saw “a man with a black beard.” The mother called the man Grinev’s “planted father” and told him to kiss his hand so that he would bless him. Peter refused. Then the man jumped up, grabbed an ax and started killing everyone. The scary man affectionately called: “Don’t be afraid, come under my blessing.” At that moment Grinev woke up: they arrived at the inn. In gratitude for his help, Grinev gave the counselor his sheepskin coat.

In Orenburg, Grinev was immediately sent to the Belogorsk fortress, to the team of Captain Mironov.

Chapter 3. Fortress

“The Belogorsk fortress was located forty miles from Orenburg.” On the very first day, Grinev met the commandant and his wife. The next day, Pyotr Andreich met officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. He was sent here “for murder” - he “stabbed a lieutenant” during a duel. Shvabrin constantly made fun of the commandant’s family. Pyotr Andreich really liked Mironov’s daughter Marya, but Shvabrin described her as “a complete fool.”

Chapter 4. Duel

Over time, Grinev found in Marya a “prudent and sensitive girl.” Pyotr Andreich began to write poetry and once read one of his works dedicated to Marya and Shvabrin. He criticized the verse and said that the girl would prefer “a pair of earrings” instead of “tender poems.” Grinev called Shvabrin a scoundrel and he challenged Pyotr Andreich to a duel. The first time they failed to get along - they were noticed and taken to the commandant. In the evening, Grinev learned that Shvabrin had wooed Marya last year and was refused.

The next day, Grinev and Shvabrin fought again. During the duel, Pyotr Andreich was called out by Savelich who ran up. Grinev looked back, and the enemy struck him “in the chest below the right shoulder.”

Chapter 5. Love

All the time while Grinev was recovering, Marya looked after him. Pyotr Andreich invited the girl to become his wife, she agreed.

Grinev wrote to his father that he was going to get married. However, Andrei Petrovich replied that he would not give consent to the marriage and would even arrange for his son to be transferred “somewhere far away.” Having learned about the answer from Grinev’s parents, Marya was very upset, but she did not want to get married without their consent (particularly because the girl was without a dowry). From then on she began to avoid Pyotr Andreich.

Chapter 6. Pugachevism

News arrived that “Don Cossack and schismatic Emelyan Pugachev” had escaped from the guard, gathered a “villainous gang” and “caused outrage in the Yaik villages.” It soon became known that the rebels were going to march on the Belogoro fortress. Preparations have begun.

Chapter 7. Attack

Grinev did not sleep all night. Many armed people gathered at the fortress. Pugachev himself rode between them on a white horse. The rebels broke into the fortress, the commandant was wounded in the head, and Grinev was captured.

The crowd shouted “that the sovereign was waiting for the prisoners in the square and was taking the oath.” Mironov and Lieutenant Ivan Ignatyich refused to take the oath and were hanged. Grinev faced the same fate, but Savelich at the last moment threw himself at Pugachev’s feet and asked to release Pyotr Andreich. Shvabrin joined the rebels. Marya's mother was killed.

Chapter 8. Uninvited Guest

Marya hid the priest, calling her her niece. Savelich told Grinev that Pugachev was the same man to whom Pyotr Andreich gave the sheepskin coat.

Pugachev summoned Grinev to his place. Peter Andreich admitted that he would not be able to serve him, since he was a “natural nobleman” and “sworn allegiance to the empress”: “My head is in your power: if you let me go, thank you; if you execute, God will be your judge; but I told you the truth.” The sincerity of Pyotr Andreich struck Pugachev, and he let him go “on all four sides.”

Chapter 9. Separation

In the morning, Pugachev told Grinev to go to Orenburg and tell the governor and all the generals to expect him in a week. The leader of the uprising appointed Shvabrin as the new commander in the fortress.

Chapter 10. Siege of the city

A few days later news came that Pugachev was moving towards Orenburg. Grinev was given a letter from Marya Ivanovna. The girl wrote that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him and was treating her very cruelly, so she asked Grinev for help.

Chapter 11. Rebel settlement

Having received no support from the general, Grinev went to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, they and Savelich were captured by Pugachev’s people. Grinev told the leader of the rebels that he was going to the Belogorsk fortress, because there Shvabrin was offending an orphan girl - Grinev’s fiancée. In the morning, Pugachev, together with Grinev and his people, went to the fortress.

Chapter 12. Orphan

Shvabrin said that Marya is his wife. But upon entering the girl’s room, Grinev and Pugachev saw that she was pale, thin, and the only food in front of her was “a jug of water covered with a slice of bread.” Shvabrin reported that the girl was Mironov’s daughter, but Pugachev still let Grinev go with his lover.

Chapter 13. Arrest

Approaching the town, Grinev and Marya were stopped by guards. Pyotr Andreich went to the major and recognized him as Zurin. Grinev, after talking with Zurin, decided to send Marya to her parents in the village, while he himself remained to serve in the detachment.

At the end of February, Zurin's detachment set out on a campaign. After Pugachev was defeated, he again gathered a gang and went to Moscow, causing chaos. “Gangs of robbers were committing crimes everywhere.” “God forbid we see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!”

Finally Pugachev was caught. Grinev got ready to visit his parents, but a document arrived about his arrest in the Pugachev case.

Chapter 14. Court

Grinev arrived in Kazan by order and was put in prison. During the interrogation, Pyotr Andreich, not wanting to involve Marya, kept silent about why he was leaving Orenburg. Grinev’s accuser, Shvabrin, argued that Pyotr Andreich was Pugachev’s spy.

Marya Ivanovna was received by Grinev’s parents “with sincere cordiality.” The news of the arrest of Pyotr Andreich shocked everyone - he was threatened with lifelong exile to Siberia. To save her lover, Marya went to St. Petersburg and stopped in Tsarskoe Selo. During her morning walk, she got into conversation with an unfamiliar lady, told her her story and that she had come to ask the Empress for Grinev’s pardon.

On the same day, the Empress's carriage was sent for Marya. The Empress turned out to be the same lady with whom the girl had spoken in the morning. The Empress pardoned Grinev and promised to help her with her dowry.

According to no longer Grinev, but the author, at the end of 1774 Pyotr Andreich was released. “He was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head to him.” Soon Grinev married Marya. “The manuscript of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was delivered to us from one of his grandchildren.”

Conclusion

In the historical story “The Captain's Daughter” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, both the main and secondary characters deserve attention. The most controversial figure in the work is Emelyan Pugachev. The cruel, bloodthirsty leader of the rebels is portrayed by the author as a person not devoid of positive, somewhat romanticized qualities. Pugachev appreciates Grinev’s kindness and sincerity and helps his lovers.

The characters that contrast with each other are Grinev and Shvabrin. Pyotr Andreich remains true to his ideas to the last, even when his life depended on it. Shvabrin easily changes his mind, joins the rebels, and becomes a traitor.

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“The Captain's Daughter” is a historical novel (in some sources a story) written by A.S. Pushkin. The author tells us about the origin and development of a great and strong feeling between a young noble officer and the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. All this happens against the backdrop of the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev and creates additional obstacles and difficulties in life for lovers.

The novel is written in the form of memoirs. This interweaving of historical and family chronicles gives it additional charm and charm, and also makes you believe in the reality of everything that is happening.

History of creation

In the mid-1830s, translated novels were gaining popularity in Russia. Society ladies were engrossed in Walter Scott. Domestic writers, and among them Alexander Sergeevich, could not stand aside and responded with their own works, including “The Captain’s Daughter.”

Researchers of Pushkin’s work claim that at first he worked on a historical chronicle, wanting to tell readers about the course of the Pugachev rebellion. Approaching the matter responsibly and wanting to be truthful, the author met with direct participants in those events, leaving for the Southern Urals specifically for this purpose.

Pushkin doubted for a long time who to make the main character of his work. First, he settled on Mikhail Shvanvich, an officer who went over to Pugachev’s side during the uprising. What made Alexander Sergeevich abandon such a plan is unknown, but as a result he turned to the format of memoirs, and placed a noble officer at the center of the novel. At the same time, the main character had every chance to go over to Pugachev’s side, but his duty to the Fatherland turned out to be higher. Shvanvich turned from a positive character into a negative Shvabrin.

For the first time, the novel appeared before the audience in the Sovremennik magazine in the last issue of 1836, and Pushkin’s authorship was not mentioned there. It was said that these notes belong to the pen of the late Pyotr Grinev. However, for censorship reasons, this novel did not publish an article about the peasant revolt on Grinev’s own estate. The lack of authorship resulted in the absence of any printed reviews, but many noted the “universal effect” that The Captain’s Daughter had on those who read the novel. A month after publication, the real author of the novel died in a duel.

Analysis

Description of the work

The work is written in the form of memoirs - landowner Pyotr Grinev talks about the times of his youth, when his father ordered him to be sent to serve in the army (although under the supervision of Uncle Savelich). On the way, they have one meeting that radically influenced their future fate and the fate of Russia - Pyotr Grinev meets Emelyan Pugachev.

Having reached his destination (and it turned out to be the Belogorsk fortress), Grinev immediately falls in love with the commandant’s daughter. However, he has a rival - officer Shvabrin. A duel occurs between the young people, as a result of which Grinev is wounded. His father, having learned about this, does not give his consent to marry the girl.

All this happens against the backdrop of the developing Pugachev rebellion. When it comes to the fortress, Pugachev’s accomplices first take the lives of Masha’s parents, after which they invite Shvabrin and Grinev to swear allegiance to Emelyan. Shvabrin agrees, but Grinev, for reasons of honor, does not. His life is saved by Savelich, who reminds Pugachev of their chance meeting.

Grinev fights against Pugachev, but this does not prevent him from calling the latter as an ally to save Masha, who turned out to be Shvabrin’s hostage. Following a denunciation from a rival, Grinev ends up in prison, and now Masha is doing everything to save him. A chance meeting with the empress helps the girl achieve the release of her lover. To the delight of all the ladies, the matter ends with the wedding of the newlyweds in Grinev’s parental home.

As already mentioned, the background for the love story was a great historical event - the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev.

Main characters

There are several main characters in the novel. Among them:

Pyotr Grinev, who at the time of the story had just turned 17 years old. According to the literary critic Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky, this character was needed for an impartial assessment of the behavior of another character - Emelyan Pugachev.

Alexey Shvabrin is a young officer serving in the fortress. A freethinker, smart and educated (the story mentions that he knows French and understands literature). Literary critic Dmitry Mirsky called Shvabrin a “purely romantic scoundrel” because of his betrayal of the oath and defection to the side of the rebels. However, since the image is not written deeply, it is difficult to say about the reasons that prompted him to such an act. Obviously, Pushkin’s sympathies were not on Shvabrin’s side.

At the time of the story, Maria had just turned 18 years old. A real Russian beauty, at the same time simple and sweet. Capable of action - in order to save her beloved, she goes to the capital to meet with the empress. According to Vyazemsky, she decorates the novel in the same way as Tatyana Larina decorated “Eugene Onegin.” But Tchaikovsky, who at one time wanted to stage an opera based on this work, complained that it did not have enough character, but only kindness and honesty. Marina Tsvetaeva shared the same opinion.

From the age of five he was assigned to Grinev as an uncle, the Russian equivalent of a tutor. The only one who communicates with a 17-year-old officer like a small child. Pushkin calls him a “faithful serf,” but Savelich allows himself to express uncomfortable thoughts to both the master and his ward.

Emelyan Pugachev

Pugachev is, according to many critics, the most striking main figure in the work due to his coloring. Marina Tsvetaeva once argued that Pugachev overshadows the colorless and faded Grinev. In Pushkin, Pugachev looks like such a charming villain.

Quotes

“I lived as a teenager, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys. Meanwhile, I was sixteen years old. Then my fate changed.”Grinev.

“How strange men are! For one word, which would surely be forgotten in a week, they are ready to cut themselves and sacrifice not only their lives, but also their conscience.”Masha Mironova.

“You were afraid, admit it, when my fellows threw a rope around your neck? I’m having tea, the sky seems like a sheepskin..." Pugachev.

“God forbid that we see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless.” Grinev.

Analysis of the work

Colleagues of Alexander Sergeevich, to whom he personally read the novel, made small comments regarding non-compliance with historical facts, while generally speaking positively about the novel. Prince V.F. Odoevsky, for example, noted that the images of Savelich and Pugachev were drawn out carefully and thought out to the smallest detail, but the image of Shvabrin was not finalized, and therefore it would be difficult for readers to understand the motives for his transition.

Literary critic Nikolai Strakhov noted that this combination of family (partially love) and historical chronicles is characteristic of the works of Walter Scott, the response to whose popularity among the Russian nobility, in fact, was Pushkin’s work.

Another Russian literary critic, Dmitry Mirsky, highly praised The Captain's Daughter, emphasizing the manner of narration - concise, precise, economical, yet spacious and leisurely. His opinion was that this work played one of the main roles in the development of the genre of realism in Russian literature.

The Russian writer and publisher Nikolai Grech, several years after the publication of the work, admired how the author managed to express the character and tone of the time about which he narrates. The story turned out to be so realistic that one could really think that the author was an eyewitness to these events. Fyodor Dostoevsky and Nikolai Gogol also periodically left rave reviews about this work.

Conclusion

According to Dmitry Mirsky, “The Captain's Daughter” can be considered the only full-length novel written by Alexander Sergeevich and published during his lifetime. Let us agree with the critic - the novel has everything to be successful: a romantic line that ends in marriage is a delight for beautiful ladies; a historical line that tells about such a complex and contradictory historical event as the Pugachev uprising will be more interesting to men; clearly defined main characters and set guidelines regarding the place of honor and dignity in the life of an officer. All this explains the popularity of the novel in the past and makes our contemporaries read it today.

Pushkin A.S. story “The Captain's Daughter”: Summary.

The narration is told from the first person of the main character of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, in the form of family notes.

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard.

In this chapter, Pushkin introduces the reader to Pyotr Grinev. His family had 9 children. However, everyone died while still babies, and only Peter remained alive. Peter's father once served, but has now retired. Peter was enrolled before his birth in the Semenovsky regiment. While the boy was growing up, he was listed in his regiment as being on leave. The boy had an uncle Savelich, who raised him. He taught the boy Russian literacy and writing, and gave him knowledge about greyhounds. After a certain time, a Frenchman is sent to Petra as a teacher. The Frenchman's name was Beaupre. His duties included teaching the boy French and German, as well as providing education in other sciences. However, the Frenchman was more concerned about booze and girls. When Peter's father noticed the Frenchman's negligence, he kicked him out. At the age of 17, his father sent Peter to serve in Orenburg, although the young man hoped to serve in St. Petersburg. At the moment of instructions before leaving, the father told his son that he needed to take care of “ dress again, and honor from a young age"(Author's note: Subsequently, these words from the work Pushkin « Captain's daughter"became a catchphrase). Peter left his native place. In Simbirsk, the young man visited a tavern and there he met Captain Zurin. Zurin taught Peter to play billiards, and then got him drunk and won 100 rubles from Peter. Pushkin wrote that Peter “ behaved like a boy who had broken free". In the morning, despite Savelich’s active resistance, Grinev pays back the lost money and leaves Simbirsk.

Chapter 2. Counselor.

Grinev understood that he did the wrong thing when he arrived in Simbirsk. Therefore, he asked Savelich for forgiveness. During a storm, the travelers lost their way. But then they noticed a man, " intelligence and subtlety of instinct"were noticed by Peter and delighted. Grinev asked this man to accompany them to the nearest house that was ready to receive them. On the way, Grinev had a strange dream in which he returned to his estate and found his father dying. Peter asked his father for a blessing, but suddenly instead he saw a man with a black beard. Petya’s mother tried to explain who this person was. According to her, it was allegedly his imprisoned father. Then the man suddenly jumped out of bed, grabbed an ax and began to swing it. The room was filled with the dead. The man smiled at the young man and called for his blessing. Here the dream ended. Arriving at the place, Grinev took a closer look at the man who agreed to accompany them. This is how Pushkin described the counselor: “ He was about forty, of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. There was a streak of gray in his black beard, and his big, lively eyes were darting. His face had a rather pleasant, but roguish expression. His hair was cut into a circle, he was wearing a tattered army coat and Tatar harem pants". A man with a black beard, i.e. The counselor was talking to the owner of the inn in an incomprehensible, allegorical language for Peter: “ He flew into the garden and pecked hemp; grandma threw a pebble, but missed". Grinev decided to treat the counselor to wine and gave him a hare sheepskin coat before parting, which again aroused Savelich’s indignation. In Orenburg, his father’s friend, Andrei Karlovich R., sent Peter to serve in the Belgorsk fortress, which was located 40 miles from Orenburg.

Chapter 3. Fortress.

Grinev arrived at the fortress and found it similar to a small village. The wife of the commandant of the fortress, Vasilisa Egorovna, was in charge of everything. Peter met the young officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. Shvabrin told Grinev about the inhabitants of the fortress, about the routine in it and in general about life in these places. He also expressed his opinion about the family of the commandant of the fortress and extremely unflatteringly about his daughter Mironova Mashenka. Grinev found Shvabrin not a very attractive young man. He was " short, with a dark and distinctly ugly face, but extremely lively". Grinev learned that Shvabrin ended up in the fortress because of a duel. Shvabrin and Grinev were invited to dinner at the house of commandant Ivan Kuzmich Mironov. The young people accepted the invitation. On the street, Grinev saw military exercises taking place. The platoon of disabled people was commanded by the commandant himself. He was " in a cap and a Chinese robe«.

Chapter 4. Duel.

Grinev began to visit the commandant’s family more and more often. He liked this family. And I liked Masha. He dedicated poems about love to her. Peter became an officer. At first he enjoyed communicating with Shvabrin. But his caustic remarks addressed to his beloved girl began to irritate Grinev. When Peter showed his poems to Alexei and Shvabrin sharply criticized them, and then allowed himself to insult Masha, Grinev called Shvabrin a liar and received a challenge from Shvabrin to a duel. Having learned about the duel, Vasilisa Yegorovna ordered the arrest of the young officers. The girl Palashka took the swords from them. And later Masha told Peter that Shvvabrin once wooed her, but she refused him. That is why Shvabrin hated the girl and threw endless barbs at her. After some time, the duel resumed. In it, Grinev was wounded.

Chapter 5. Love.

Savelich and Masha began to care for the wounded man. At that moment, Grinev decided to confess his feelings to Mashenka and propose to her. Masha agreed. Then Grinev sent a letter to his father asking him to bless him for marriage with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. The answer has come. And from it it turned out that the father was refusing his son. Moreover, he learned about the duel from somewhere. Savelich did not report the duel to Grinev Sr. Therefore, Peter decided that this was the work of Shvabrin. Meanwhile, Shvabrin came to visit Peter and asked him for forgiveness. He said that he was guilty before Peter for everything that happened. However, Masha does not want to get married without her father’s blessing and therefore she began to avoid Grinev. Grinev also stopped visiting the commandant’s house. He lost heart.

Chapter 6. Pugachevism

The commandant received a letter from the general, which reported that the escaped Don Cossack Emelyan Pugachev was gathering a villainous gang and therefore it was necessary to strengthen the fortress. It was immediately reported that Pugachev had already managed to plunder several fortresses and hang officers. Ivan Kuzmich gathered a military council and asked everyone to keep this news secret. But Ivan Ignatievich accidentally spilled the beans to Vasilisa Yegorovna, who became a priest, and as a result, rumors about Pugachev spread throughout the fortress. Pugachev sent spies to Cossack villages with leaflets in which he threatened to beat up those who did not recognize him as sovereign and did not join his gang. And he demanded that the officers surrender the fortress without a fight. We managed to catch one of these spies, a mutilated Bashkir. The poor prisoner had no nose, tongue or ears. It was clear from everything that this was not the first time he had rebelled and that he was familiar with torture. Ivan Kuzmich, at Grinev’s suggestion, decided to send Masha from the fortress to Orenburg in the morning. Grinev and Masha said goodbye. Mironov wanted his wife to leave the fortress, but Vasilisa Egorovna firmly decided to stay with her husband.

Chapter 7. Attack.

Masha did not have time to leave the fortress. Under cover of night, the Cossacks left the Belogorsk fortress to go over to Pugachev’s side. There were a few warriors left in the fortress who were unable to resist the robbers. They defended themselves as best they could, but in vain. Pugachev captured the fortress. Many immediately swore allegiance to the robber, who proclaimed himself king. He executed commandant Mironov Ivan Kuzmich and Ivan Ignatievich. Grinev was supposed to be executed next, but Savelich threw himself at Pugachev’s feet and begged him to be left alive. Savelich even promised a ransom for the life of the young master. Pugachev agreed to such conditions and demanded that Grinev kiss his hand. Grinev refused. But Pugachev still pardoned Peter. The surviving soldiers and residents of the fortress went over to the side of the robbers and for 3 hours kissed the hand of the newly-crowned sovereign Pugachev, who was sitting in a chair on the porch of the commandant’s house. The robbers robbed everywhere, taking various goods from chests and cabinets: fabrics, dishes, fluff, etc. Vasilisa Yegorovna was stripped naked and taken out in public like that, after which she was killed. Pugachev was given a white horse and he rode away.

Chapter 8. Uninvited guest.

Grinev was very worried about Masha. Did she manage to hide and what happened to her? He entered the commandant's house. Everything there was destroyed, looted and broken. He entered Marya Ivanovna’s room, where he met Broadsword hiding. From Broadsword he learned that Masha was in the priest’s house. Then Grinev went to the priest’s house. There was a drinking party of robbers in it. Peter called the priest. From her, Grinev learned that Shvabrin had sworn allegiance to Pugachev and was now resting with the robbers at the same table. Masha lies on her bed, half-delirious. The priest told Pugachev that the girl was her niece. Fortunately, Shvabrin did not reveal the truth to Pugachev. Grinev returned to his apartment. There Savelich told Peter that Pugachev was their former counselor. They came for Grinev, saying that Pugachev was demanding him. Grinev obeyed. Entering the room, Peter was struck by the fact that “ Everyone treated each other like comrades and did not show any special preference to their leader... Everyone boasted, offered their opinions and freely challenged Pugachev". Pugachev suggested singing a song about the gallows, and the bandits sang: “ Don't make noise, mother green oak tree...“When the guests finally left, Pugachev asked Grinev to stay. A conversation arose between them, in which Pugachev invited Grinev to stay with him and serve him. Peter honestly told Pugachev that he did not consider him a sovereign and could not serve him, because. once already swore allegiance to the empress. He also will not be able to fulfill his promise not to fight against Pugachev, because... this is his officer's duty. Pugachev was amazed by Grinev’s frankness and honesty. He promised to let Grinev go to Orenburg, but asked him to come in the morning to say goodbye to him.

Chapter 9. Separation.

Pugachev asks Grinev to visit the governor in Orenburg and tell him that in a week Emperor Pugachev will be in the city. He appointed Shvabrin commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, since he himself had to leave. Savelich, meanwhile, compiled a list of the lord's plundered property and submitted it to Pugachev. Pugachev, being in a generous state of mind, decided to give Grinev a horse and his own fur coat instead of punishment. In the same chapter, Pushkin writes that Masha was seriously ill.

Chapter 10. Siege of the city.

Grinev, having arrived in Orenburg, was sent to General Andrei Karlovich. Grinev asked to give him soldiers and allow him to attack the Belgorod fortress. The general, having learned about the fate of the Mironov family and that Captain's daughter remained in the hands of the robbers, expressed sympathy, but the soldier refused to give, citing the upcoming military council. Military Council, at which " there was not a single military man“, took place that same evening. " All the officials spoke about the unreliability of troops, about the unfaithfulness of luck, about caution and the like. Everyone believed that it was more prudent to remain under the cover of cannons behind a strong stone wall than to try the happiness of weapons in an open field.". Officials saw one way out in setting a high price for Pugachev’s head. They believed that the robbers themselves would betray their leader, tempted by the high price. Meanwhile, Pugachev kept his word and appeared at the walls of Orenburg exactly a week later. The siege of the city began. Residents suffered severely due to hunger and high prices. The raids of the robbers were periodic. Grinev was bored and often rode the horse given to him by Pugachev. One day he ran into a Cossack, who turned out to be the constable of the Belogorsk fortress, Maksimych. He gave Grinev a letter from Masha, which reported that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him.

Chapter 11. Rebellious settlement.

To save Masha, Grinev and Savelich went to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way they fell into the hands of robbers. They were taken to Pugachev. Pugachev asked where Grinev was going and for what purpose. Grinev honestly told Pugachev about his intentions. They say he would like to protect the orphaned girl from Shvabrin’s claims. The robbers offered to cut off the heads of both Grinev and Shvabrin. But Pugachev decided everything in his own way. He promised Grinev to arrange his fate with Masha. In the morning, Pugachev and Grinev went in the same cart to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, Pugachev shared with Grinev his desire to march on Moscow: “ ...my street is cramped; I have little will. My guys are smart. They are thieves. I have to keep my ears open; at the first failure they will ransom their neck with my head". While on the way, Pugachev managed to tell a Kalmyk fairy tale about a raven that lived for 300 years, but ate carrion, and about an eagle that preferred hunger to carrion: “ It's better to drink living blood«.

Chapter 12. Orphan.

Arriving at the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev learned that Shvabrin mocked Masha and starved her. Then Puchev wished, on behalf of the sovereign, to marry Grinev and Masha immediately. Then Shvabrin told Pugachev that Masha was not the priest’s niece, but the daughter of Captain Mironov. But Pugachev turned out to be a generous man: “ execute, so execute, favor, so favor" and released Masha and Grinev.

Chapter 13. Arrest

Pugachev handed Peter a pass. Therefore, lovers could freely pass through all the outposts. But one day an outpost of imperial soldiers was mistaken for Pugachev’s, and this served as a reason for Grinev’s arrest. The soldiers took Peter to their superior, in whom Grinev recognized Zurin. Peter told his story to an old friend and he believed Grinev. Zurin suggested postponing the wedding and sending Masha, accompanied by Savelich, to her parents, and Grinev himself remaining in the service, as required by his officer’s duty. Grinev heeded Zurin’s proposal. Pugachev was eventually defeated, but not caught. The leader managed to escape to Siberia and gather a new gang. Pugachev was wanted everywhere. In the end he was caught. But then Zurin received an order to arrest Grinev and send him to the Investigative Commission in the Pugachev case.

Chapter 14. Judgment.

Grinev was arrested because of Shvabrin’s denunciation. Shvabrin claimed that Pyotr Grinev served Pugachev. Grinev was afraid to involve Masha in this story. He didn't want her to be tormented by interrogations. Therefore, Grinev could not justify himself. The Empress replaced the death penalty with exile to Siberia only thanks to the merits of Father Peter. The father was depressed by what happened. It was a shame for the Grinev family. Masha went to St. Petersburg to talk with the Empress. It so happened that one day Masha was walking in the garden early in the morning. While walking, she met an unfamiliar woman. They started talking. The woman asked Masha to introduce herself and she replied that she was the daughter of Captain Mironov. The woman immediately became very interested in Masha and asked Masha to tell her why she came to St. Petersburg. Masha said that she came to the empress to ask for mercy for Grinev, because he could not justify himself in court because of her. The woman said that she visits the court and promises to help Masha. She accepted Masha’s letter addressed to the empress and asked where Masha was staying. Masha answered. At this point they parted. Before Masha had time to drink tea after her walk, a palace carriage drove into the courtyard. The messenger asked Masha to immediately go to the palace, because... the empress demands her to come to her. In the palace, Masha recognized the empress as her morning interlocutor. Grinev was pardoned, Masha was given a fortune. Masha and Peter Grinev got married. Grinev was present during the execution of Emelyan Pugachev. " He was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people«

That's how it is summary by chapter Pushkin's stories " Captain's daughter«

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