The third volume of the epic novel "War and Peace" tells about the beginning of the war of 1812, called the Patriotic War. The focus is on such historical events as the attack of the French army led by Napoleon Boanaparte on Russia; Battle of Borodino; the burning of Moscow and the inglorious entry into the city of Napoleon Boanaparte; council in Fili and many other facts that characterize not only the era of the early nineteenth century, but also the characters of individual historical figures and characters.
The writing of the third volume was preceded by a huge work of the author with historical documents, letters and memoirs of eyewitnesses of these events. The works of critics and analysts of this historical period were studied. A library on the Patriotic War of 1812 was assembled.
According to L.N. Tolstoy, the works of historical figures could not give him the necessary foundation for a realistic recreation of the events described.
Rejecting the idea of the war of 1812 as a confrontation between the powers that be, the author of the novel shows the war of liberation, the people's war, which made it possible to reveal true human qualities and values.
Summary War and peace 3 volume in parts and chapters.
Part 1.
Chapter 1.
June 12, 1812. The borders of the Russian Empire are crossed by detachments of Western Europe. The French army marches under the leadership of Napoleon Boanaparte. Each of his contemporaries (and then descendants) sees and explains the reasons for making this decision in his own way.
Chapter 2
May 29. Napoleon, having expressed his opinion to the emperor, princes and kings, who are in Dresden, goes to Poland. The French detachments are ordered to move towards the Russian border. With this decision, Boanaparte sharply changes the opinion expressed by him in a letter to the Russian emperor about his unwillingness to fight with Russia.
The French force the Neman and attack Russia.
Chapter 3
Russia is not ready for war. The attitude of the emperor and commanders-in-chief to this issue is extremely frivolous. Alexander has fun at balls and holidays arranged for him in Vilna. “... the news of the French crossing the Neman was especially unexpected after a month of unfulfilled expectations, and at the ball!” The Russian emperor invites Napoleon to leave the territory of his state. Otherwise, Russia will resist.
Chapter 4
From June 13 to 14, Adjutant General Balashov was sent with a dispatch to Napoleon. The French non-commissioned officer is in no hurry to comply with the norms of respect towards the envoy. Near the village of Rykotny, Balashov is talking with Murat (who calls himself the Neapolitan king). On Muraton's part, the tone was familiar and good-natured. Moving on, Balashov was again detained by French sentries. The Russian envoy will have a meeting with General Davout.
Chapter 5
Davout - "Arakcheev of Emperor Napoleon". The conversation between the French marshal and the Russian adjutant general does not add up. Davout demands to see the package.
Four days later, Balashov again finds himself in Vilna. The only difference is that now this is the place of deployment of the French.
Chapter 6
Napoleon receives Balashov in the house where a few days ago the adjutant spoke with Alexander. The French leader insists on his unwillingness to wage war with Russia. At Balashov's proposal to leave the occupied lands, the enraged Napoleon blames the Russian emperor for what happened. Alexander was not supposed to enter into friendly relations with the British and Turks.
Chapter 7
At dinner, Napoleon shares with Balashov an unpleasant fact for himself - Emperor Alexander recklessly became close to all the enemies of Boanaparte. He is perplexed about Alexander's desire to exercise command of the Russian army - "his business is to reign, and not to command the troops."
The adjutant performs his duties, retelling Alexander in detail the words of Napoleon.
Russia is embarking on the path of war.
Chapter 8
With the aim of a duel with Kuragin, Andrei goes to St. Petersburg. Here Kutuzov offers the prince to join the Turkish army as part of the Russian army. Andrei is part of the Western Army. Following to the place of service, Andrey calls in his parents' house. Family relationships are tense. Andrei is dissatisfied with his father's behavior. He is upset by the coldness demonstrated by the elder Bolkonsky towards his son.
With an absolute misunderstanding of his motives, Andrei continues his way into the army.
Chapter 9
Dris camp. Headquarters of the Russian army. Political parties underestimate the full extent of the impending threat. They are unhappy with the strategy used by the Russian troops. Alexander is sent a letter with a request to leave the theater of operations, and to lead a military company from the capital.
Chapter 10
The French are coming. The Russian emperor inspects the Drissa camp, led by General Pful and causing discontent among the military leaders.
Andrei Bolkonsky communicates with General Pful. The general exhibits the typical traits of a theoretical strategist, good at maps and rather bad at actual warfare.
Chapter 11
The military council discusses long and heatedly the plan of action developed by Pfuel. Several options were proposed, and it was obvious that each of them had both its advantages and disadvantages.
Andrei, watching what is happening, decides to continue serving not at the headquarters, but in the army.
Chapter 12
Nikolai Rostov was assigned to the Pavlograd regiment. The regiment retreats, approaching the Russian borders from Poland.
The story of Raevsky, who took his two underage sons with him into the attack, is spreading among the military. Rostov does not share the admiration of his compatriots. Nikolai considers it irresponsible to expose small children to such danger, while allowing for a considerable degree of exaggeration, allowed to raise the morale of the army.
Chapter 13
Abandoned tavern. Here the regimental doctor with his wife, Rostov Ilyin and three officers take shelter from the rain. Wet and cold "guests" arrange a tea party from a samovar on dirty water and a card game of kings. Those present are amused by the doctor's fit of jealousy towards Marya Genrikhovna.
Chapter 14
Third hour of the night. An order has been received to march on Ostrovna. The French are chasing the Russian cavalry. Among the lancers is the squadron of Nikolai Rostov.
Chapter 15
Nikolai assesses the situation and leads the Russian ulans into the attack. The enemy is defeated. Rostov captures an officer, for which he is appointed commander of a hussar battalion and receives an award - the St. George Cross.
Rostov is philosophical about his heroic deed. He sympathizes with the French, thinking why it is necessary to kill the enemy, who is in fear. “My hand shook. And they gave me the George Cross. I don't understand anything!"
Chapter 16
The Rostovs are returning to Moscow. Natasha is having a hard time parting with Andrei. Doctors are unable to determine the cause of the girl's illness. Gradually, a healthy young body returns Natasha to her usual way of life.
Chapter 17
Natasha avoids everyone, communicating only with Pierre Bezukhov. Bezukhov is hopelessly in love. He does not have the strength to admit this to Natasha. The girl, sincerely responding to Pierre's attention, does not notice his love torment.
Remembering Agrofena Ivanovna, young Rostova begins to attend church. At the same time, the girl feels "the possibilities of a new, pure life and happiness."
Chapter 18
July 11th. A manifesto was issued on the formation of a people's militia. Moscow is disturbed by talk about the results of the military campaign. Sunday. The Rostovs are present at the service held by the Razumovskys. The priest in prayer asks to save Russia from the enemies who attacked her. Natasha joins the requests for salvation, for forgiveness and happiness.
Chapter 19
Bezukhov's thoughts are completely devoted to Natasha. The brother of Pierre, who is a Freemason, speaks of a prediction contained in the Apocalypse of John. Prophecy about the appearance of Napoleon. Bezukhov is fond of digital calculations with the name of Napoleon, receiving, as a result, 666 - "the number of the beast." Pierre gets the same result as a result of calculations of his own name. Bezukhov explains this as the ultimate bond between him and the French invader. Pierre decides - his highest destiny - to stop Napoleon Boanaparte.
Chapter 20
During dinner at the Rostovs, Pierre hears from Natasha words of recognition of the importance of his figure in her life. Natasha is still worried about the question of whether Prince Andrei will forgive her. In a fit of tender feelings, Pierre is unable to answer Natasha.
The Rostovs read out a manifesto about the difficult situation in Russia and about the special hope for Moscow.
Bezukhov intends to go to military service. Parents do not approve of his decisions.
Pierre decides not to visit the Rostovs' house anymore. His feelings for Natasha are too great.
Chapter 21
Alexander I arrives in Moscow. Bezukhov intends to personally ask him for permission to do military service. Caught in the wailing crowd, Pierre decides not to. Without understanding why, Pierre picks up a piece of biscuit that the emperor dropped into the crowd after dinner.
Chapter 22
Sloboda yard. Meeting of merchants and nobles. They do not want to invest in a military company. Pierre Bezukhov wants to object by expressing his opinion, but the exclamations of the audience do not give him such an opportunity.
Chapter 23
The appearance of the emperor and his fiery speech about the heroic actions of the Russian army and the importance of everyone's participation change their minds. Nobles and merchants donate very significant sums to a good cause.
Pierre Bezukhov donates a thousand people along with the maintenance. He is enlisted in the army.
Part 2.
Chapter 1.
Analysis of the War of 1812. Reflections on the role of Napoleon and Alexander in this war. The author's conclusion is that the will of two strong figures in this war did not affect anything.
The French are advancing towards Smolensk. Residents can not allow the capture of the city. They set the city on fire. Heading to Moscow, hoping to find protection and salvation there, the inhabitants of Smolensk go to other cities and set the people up to fight the enemy.
Chapter 2
Andrei Bolkonsky writes a letter to his father with a detailed account of the course of the war and strongly advises the family to move to Moscow. Andrei's father ignores his son's request. He is sure that the Frenchman will not reach the Bald Mountains. Neman - the maximum line where the enemy can advance.
Chapter 3
The manager of the Bolkonsky Alpatych estate is going to Smolensk. Giving orders from the old prince to the manager takes more than two hours.
Chapter 4
August 4th. Evening. Alpatych reached the city. Smolensk is on fire. Smolensk under siege. The local population hastily collects belongings. Russian troops are still in the city. Prince Andrei through Alpatych in a letter asks his family to cross to Moscow as soon as possible.
Chapter 5
Bald Mountains. Here, before returning to the regiment, Andrey Balkonsky calls in. Relatives in Moscow. The sight of bathing soldiers evokes the most terrible feelings in Andrey, associated with the understanding that this is just a fun "cannon fodder".
Bagration writes a letter to Arakcheev with accusations against the Minister of War Barclay de Tolly (who was the commander in chief). It was impossible to leave Smolensk. The position of the French was not in their favor. The reason for the wrong decisions, Bagration believes, is that not one head, but two, controls the Russian army.
Chapter 6
Salon Helen (Petersburg). Visitors to the salon discuss the war as something frivolous and quickly passing. Vasily allows himself rather sharp criticisms of Kutuzov. The appointment of Kutuzov as commander-in-chief of the entire Russian army dramatically changes the prince's opinion about him. Basil takes the position of his intercessor.
Chapter 7
From Smolensk, the French are moving towards Moscow. Napoleon is persistently looking for a new battle (Vyazma, Tsarevo-Zaimishche). "... but it turned out that due to the countless clash of circumstances, one hundred and twenty miles from Moscow, the Russians could not accept the battle."
Chapter 8
Bolkonsky family. The old prince is seriously ill. Marya takes care of her father, catching herself thinking about the speedy liberation from rigid and unquestioning obedience to his will. She thinks about love and family happiness. Such thoughts frighten Mary as a devilish temptation. Feeling better, the old man asks Marya to forgive him. He talks about the last days of Russia, falls into unconsciousness, raves. There is another blow, Balkonsky dies.
Chapter 9
Shortly before the death of the prince, Andrei Alpatych arrived in Bogucharovo with instructions from Andrei. He observes the special character of the men and their opinion about what is happening. The order to collect a cart to leave the estate remains unfulfilled. Alpatych's attempts to convince the local headman to carry out the order do not help either.
Chapter 10
Marya mourns for her father, blaming herself for his death. She is ashamed of her secret desires. Not wanting to be captured by the French, Marya decides to leave for Moscow, taking the peasants with her. Headman Dron (who managed the estate for thirty years) receives an order to prepare the carts.
Chapter 11
The peasants come to the prince's house and rudely express their disagreement to Marya.
Chapter 12
Night. Mary is not sleeping. She relives the loss of her father and the days leading up to his death over and over again.
Chapter 13
Bogucharovo. Princess Mary meets Nikolai Rostov. Marya confidentially tells Nikolai about the arbitrariness of the peasants. Nikolai, who has arrived in Bogucharovo to search for food for horses, promises Marya his protection and help in moving to Moscow.
Chapter 14
Nikolai Rostov keeps his promise. With his help, the Bogucharov peasants stopped the rebellion. Marya falls in love with Rostov, realizing that she will never admit this to anyone. Nikolai also has tender feelings for Marya. Rostov is visited by thoughts that his and Marya's marriage would be a joyful event for everyone.
Chapter 15
Tsarevo-Zaimishche. Main apartment. Meeting of Kutuzov, Andrei Bolkonsky and Denisov. Bolkonsky and Denisov in a conversation share memories of love for Natasha Rostova. They talk about it as something very far away.
Denisov and Kutuzov discuss the current situation. The commander-in-chief does not pay due attention to Denisov's plan for waging a guerrilla war. His principles and views were somewhat different.
Chapter 16
Balkonsky receives an invitation from the commander-in-chief to continue serving alongside him. Andrew refuses. Kutuzov is sympathetic to Andrei's decision. He speaks with confidence about the defeat of the French army, but for this it is necessary to wait.
Chapter 17
The French are approaching Moscow. Moscow itself, without reacting in any way to reports of an imminent threat, continues to live a peaceful life.
Chapter 18
Pierre Bezukhov is heading to the location of the military unit located in Mozhaisk. This decision was preceded by long hesitation and reflection. The pictures that open along the path of Pierre with the army lead him to the idea of the need for self-sacrifice for the sake of liberation.
Chapter 19
Battle of Borodino. It was not significant either for the Russians or for the French. Having completely destroyed all strategic plans, unexpectedly starting on the terrain viewed from all sides, it received a completely logical ending - huge losses on both sides.
Chapter 20
Pierre is carefully examining the militia who were walking past. One thought occupies his head - how many of these people are destined for wounds, suffering, death, how can they think not about death, but about something else.
Chapter 21
Bezukhov arrives at his duty station. On the battlefield, there is a prayer service with the icon of the Smolensk Mother of God, brought from Smolensk.
Chapter 22
Pierre Bezukhov meets his acquaintances. For himself, he notes that the brilliance and excitement in the eyes of officers is caused by aspirations of a personal nature, and not by worries about the fate of Russia. While talking with friends, Kutuzov draws attention to Pierre. At the invitation of Kutuzov, Bezukhov follows him and notices Dolokhov. Kutuzov throws a few words to Bezukhov, inviting him to his halt.
The meeting with Dolokhov, previously wounded by Pierre in a duel that led to a quarrel between young people, brings reconciliation. The expected battle and the unknown are exciting. Dolokhov apologizes to Bezukhov for the offence. Pierre, in a fit of feelings, embraces Dolokhov.
Chapter 23
Retinue of Benisgen, together with Bezukhov, goes to the village of Borodino. Benisgen conducts an inspection of positions, actively discussing it with others.
Chapter 24
The time for battle is coming. Bolkonsky is experiencing great excitement. The same feelings visited him before Austerlitz. Bolkonsky meets Bezukhov. It is unpleasant for him to see a person reminiscent of the past. Bezukhov notices Bolkonsky's mood and feels awkward.
Chapter 25
The officers, among whom are Bolkonsky and Bezukhov, are discussing military operations, the expected battle, and touch on the personality of Kutuzov. Andrei fully shares the views of Kutuzov, who argued that the result depends on chance and the people, and success lies in the feelings of the soldiers. Bolkonsky's faith in victory is unshakable. Andrey characterizes the French as enemies who encroached on his house, which means they must be destroyed. Andrew and Pierre break up. Andrei feels that they will not see each other again.
Chapter 26
Prefect Bosset assures Napoleon that no more than three days separate the emperor from the triumphant entrance to Moscow. On the eve of the Battle of Borodino, Boanaparte addresses his army. Napoleon is confident that they will bring him the long-awaited victory.
Chapter 27
Napoleon Boanaparte on the field of the upcoming battle. There is an assessment of the disposition, orders are given. Many of them turn out to be unrealistic in execution.
Chapter 28
Reflection on key historical events and the role of significant historical figures in them. Peter I, Napoleon Boanaparte, Charles IX are mentioned. The conclusion follows - the path of history is predetermined.
Chapter 29
The Battle of Borodino will begin at dawn. Napoleon carefully hides his excitement. Boanaparte is interested in the opinion of his adjutant about the upcoming meeting with the Russian troops. He repeats the words of his commander, uttered in Smolensk - the wine is uncorked, it is necessary to drink it. Napoleon agrees.
Chapter 30
Bezukhov enjoys the panorama of the battle opening before him. He finds what he sees very unexpected for himself and even majestic. Pierre follows the general, wanting to be at the very center of what is happening.
Chapter 31
Advanced. Bezukhov. Pierre is surrounded by the wounded and the dead. Raevsky's adjutant escorts Pierre to General Raevsky to the location of his battery.
The battle is in full swing. Pierre sees several dozen dead soldiers. He notes the heroism of the Russians in repulsing the French attacks despite a clear lack of ammunition. Feeling a desire to help, Pierre sees what the soldiers are doing and heads for the boxes of shells. An unexpected blow next knocks over Bezukhov. Pierre is thrown aside. When he comes to himself, he sees only the chips left from the box.
Chapter 32
The battery of General Raevsky was attacked by French detachments. Bezukhov engages in hand-to-hand combat with a French soldier. The physical advantage is on Pierre's side. He dodges a nearby cannonball. The Frenchman breaks free and runs away. Bezukhov hurriedly returns to the location of the Raevsky battery. It always seems to him that the dead bodies with which the battlefield is strewn grab his legs. The scale of death terrifies Bezukhov. He hopes that the French, realizing the culprits of what grief they are, will stop the battle. In fact, the attack was getting stronger.
Chapter 33
Napoleon watches the battle through the chimney. It is difficult for him to distinguish his soldiers from the Russians. Everyone was mixed up on the battlefield. Napoleon is increasingly giving the wrong orders. His orders are late. The outcome of the battle increasingly begins to depend not on the will of military strategists, but on the spontaneous will of the fighting crowd.
Chapter 34
Napoleon observes all the senselessness of what is happening. He gets bored, and he leads conversations on abstract topics. Napoleon doubts victory. He sees the war as something terrible and useless to anyone.
Chapter 35
Kutuzov is watching the battle. His plans do not include changing the situation. It provides an opportunity for people and situations to develop according to their own scenario. The main task of Kutuzov is to support the morale of the soldiers.
Chapter 36
The French are shelling the regiment of Andrei Bolkonsky, who is in reserve. Bolkonsky demonstrates excessive heroism and is wounded in the stomach by a cannonball that exploded nearby. Andrei is transported to the hospital. He thinks that he does not want and is not ready to die now.
Chapter 37
Dressing station. Bolkonsky sees Kuragin among the wounded. As a result of the operation, he lost both legs. Bolkonsky is delirious. He sees a ball, Natasha, Kuragin. Andrei feels sorry for Natasha.
Chapter 38
Napoleon sees thousands killed. He is horrified, realizing that all this is his fault.
Chapter 39
Significance and results of the battle near Borodino. From a historical point of view, the Russians were defeated. From the point of view of the author of the novel, the Russians won the Battle of Borodino, proving their moral superiority to the enemy and pointing out to him his moral inferiority.
Part 3
Chapter 1.
Forces influencing the course of historical events - what is it? None of those in power is the legislator of history. The people and their actions are controlled by something small, invisible to the naked eye.
Chapter 2
Napoleon with his troops is steadily moving towards Moscow. Russian troops retreat. And the farther the troops go, the stronger the anger against the enemy grows among the soldiers.
Chapter 3
Bow mountain. Kutuzov. Council of Generals of the Russian Army. It is obvious to everyone that there are no opportunities for the defense of Moscow.
Chapter 4
Kutuzov holds a military council with the generals in Fili. The question is being decided: to accept the battle for Moscow, knowing in advance that a loss is inevitable, or to leave the city without a fight and thereby save strength and people. According to Benigsen, the voluntary surrender of the city is out of the question. Opinions were sharply divided. Kutuzov decides to retreat.
Chapter 5
Muscovites leave the city. Everything of value is loaded onto wagons and taken out. Citizens who are not able to take things with them set fire to houses along with all the contents. Nothing should go to the enemy. Count Rostopchin is extremely dissatisfied with what is happening. The Governor-General urges residents not to leave Moscow.
Chapter 6
Helen Bezukhova makes new acquaintances. Among them are a nobleman and a foreign prince, as well as a Catholic Jesuit. Succumbing to his influence, Helen accepts the Catholic faith, thinking of Bezukhov as a supporter of a false religion.
Chapter 7
In a letter, Helen asks Pierre for consent to a divorce. She intends to get married a second time and in every possible way prepares the society in which she rotates for this event. The piquancy of the rumors spread by Helen lies in the fact that she will have to choose between two applicants who are eager for her hand.
Chapter 8
Impressed by the Battle of Borodino, Bezukhov feels the desire to return to his usual life as soon as possible. Mozhaisk. Inn. Pierre thinks about the soldiers, their endurance, calmness, prudence. He would like to be like them.
Chapter 9
Bezukhov dreams of dinner. He sees Anatoly, Nesvitsky, Dolokhov, Denisov. Through their conversations and singing, Pierre hears a benefactor addressing him. He is unable to make out the words, but he understands that it is about good. The benefactor encourages Pierre to be like them. Bezukhov wants to attract the attention of the diners and wakes up. Bezukhov makes a discovery - obedience to God is simplicity. And Anatole, Nesvitsky, Dolokhov, Denisov are simple. "They don't talk, they do."
The next morning, the troops leave Mozhaisk, leaving about ten thousand wounded.
Pierre sets off on foot, ordering the carriage to catch up with him. On the way to Moscow, Bezukhov is informed of the deaths of Andrei Bolkonsky and Anatole Kuragin.
Chapter 10
On the thirtieth Bezukhov in Moscow. Adjutant Rostopchin is looking for him with a message about the need to urgently report to the commander-in-chief.
Chapter 11
Count Rostopchin, having learned about Pierre's belonging to the Freemasons, warns him against a possible arrest, since some prominent figures, supporters of Freemasonry were arrested for complicity with the French army. Rostopchin's advice is to break with the Masons and run away.
Bezukhov receives a letter written by Helen. He fails to understand what his wife wants.
Rostopchin sends a policeman to Bezukhov. Pierre refuses to accept him and hastily, in secret from everyone, leaves the house.
Chapter 12
A lot of different things are being said about the future of Moscow. Everyone understands that the city will be left to the French. The Rostovs are making preparations for their departure.
Chapter 13
Convoys with the wounded are arriving in the city. Natasha Rostova insists on placing the soldiers in their house.
Count Rostopchin appeals to go to the Three Mountains and accept the battle.
The Countess of Rostova is trying to finish the preparations for her departure as soon as possible.
Chapter 14
Young Rostova is preparing to leave. At the count's house, a carriage slows down in which the wounded Bolkonsky is located.
Chapter 15
One day and Moscow will be surrendered to the enemy. At the request of the military, Count Rostov is preparing several carts for their transportation. The countess shows dissatisfaction with her husband's act. She encourages him to think about his own children.
Chapter 16
Natasha, having learned the countess's opinion, yells at her. She accuses her mother of misbehavior. Having calmed down, Natasha apologizes to the countess. Rostova is inferior to her husband and daughter.
Chapter 17
Departure of the Rostovs from Moscow. Natasha does not know about Bolkonsky being in one of the wagons. Countess Rostova believes that this will be the right thing to do.
The Rostovs meet Pierre Bezukhov. He is dressed in a coachman's caftan, disheveled and confused.
Hastily kissing Natasha's hand, Bezukhov disappears.
Chapter 18
Bezukhov in despair. The situation in Moscow gave him restless feelings. Pierre is convinced that nothing will return, that it is no longer possible to understand who is right and who is wrong in what is happening. Confusion of spiritual feelings and thoughts. Bezukhov finds shelter with the widow Bazdeeva (whose husband was also a Freemason). He dresses up as a peasant and decides to get a gun.
Chapter 19
September 1. By order of Kutuzov, the Russian retreat to the Ryazan road began at night. Moscow is empty. Napoleon settled down on Poklonnaya Hill. At the Kamer-kollezhsky shaft, he is waiting for the boyars and is in a sweet anticipation of the fulfillment of a long-standing goal.
Chapter 20
Boanaparte receives a message that there is no one in the city. The victor refuses to believe it. He does not go to the city, but stops in the Drogomilovsky suburb.
Chapter 21
The remnants of the Russian troops leave Moscow. The wounded and civilians are serving with them. There is a strong crush on the Kamenny and Moskvoretsky bridges. Marauders are operating in the city, taking advantage of the current situation.
Chapter 22
The deserted house of the Rostovs. Around the mess and traces of a hasty departure. There are only the janitor Ignat, the Cossack Mishka and Mavra Kuzminishna in the house. Suddenly, the nephew of Count Rostov appears at the gate. His clothes and shoes are torn. The officer needs help.
Chapter 23
Those who remain in the city arrange loud processions, get drunk and fight.
Chapter 24.
Evening September 1st. Rastopchin in Moscow. The count is offended by Kutuzov's decision not to invite him to the military council. He doesn't understand what needs to be done. All his active undertakings did not bring the desired result.
Chapter 25
The Count loses authority among the townspeople. In order to improve the situation, Rostopchin gives the writer Vereshchagin, who was considered the main culprit in the decision to leave Moscow to the French, to be torn to pieces by the crowd. He is sure that this cruelty was created for the sake of the people and their well-being.
Chapter 26
Moscow meets the French soldiers with looting and looting. The military leaders are unable to establish any semblance of order. Four residents of Moscow stood up to defend the Kremlin, and they were quickly dealt with.
Wooden Moscow burned down. It couldn't have been otherwise. Moscow burned down at the will of the inhabitants, who did not want to take out bread and salt and the keys to the city to the next invader. They burned and left the city.
Chapters 27-28.
Pierre Bezukhov's health is on the verge of insanity. He is obsessed with the idea of killing Napoleon Boanaparte, in the absence of any understanding of how this can be done.
Bezukhov saves Rambal, an officer of the French army, from an attack. He knocks out the gun from the attacker, the old man who has lost his mind (the brother of the owner of the apartment where Pierre lives). The Frenchman is impressed. He puts Bezukhov on the list of his friends.
Chapter 29
Rambal and Pierre are having dinner at Bazdeev's apartment. Tepa conversation - love. The conversation proceeds quite frankly from Bezukhov. Pierre talks about the only and hopeless love in his life, talks about himself, reveals his origin and name.
Chapter 30.
Mytishchi. The Rostovs stop for the night. From here you can clearly see how Moscow is burning.
Chapter 31
Natasha, having learned about Bolkonsky's presence in their convoy, is waiting for darkness to meet him.
At night, Natasha finds Andrey. He seems completely unchanged to her. However, a childish appearance makes a special impression on the girl, the naivety skillfully hidden by Bolkonsky before. Andrei is glad to meet Natasha.
Chapter 32
Seven days Andrei remains unconscious. The doctor, assessing Andrei's condition and his severe pain, predicts an early death.
Bolkonsky's worldview is changing dramatically. The understanding of divine love comes to him. Understanding the need to love both friend and foe. Human love tends to grow into hatred - he thinks, divine love is eternal.
Bolkonsky, with pleas for forgiveness, opens up to Natasha in his highest feelings for her.
Natasha is constantly near Bolkonsky.
Chapter 33.
September 3rd. The plan of attack on Napoleon, invented by Bezukhov, is frustrated. The French leader left Moscow 5 hours ago. Pierre is on the verge of insanity. Bezukhov is brought to his senses by a cry for help. There was a child left in the burning house. Bezukhov saves a child.
Chapter 34
Bezukhov rushes about in search of the mother of the child, and not finding it, gives it to another woman. He notices French soldiers robbing an Armenian girl and an old man. Bezukhov rushes to help and strangles one of the soldiers with all his might.
Bezukhov was taken into custody as especially suspicious. For this reason, he is placed separately from the others and put on guard.
Results of Volume 3 War and Peace of Tolstoy.
The third volume of the novel included the main climactic event of the entire work as a whole. It is the Battle of Borodino, which influenced the historical course of events of the 19th century as a whole.
The central line in the third volume is the antithesis of opinions: to fight according to the rules and science, or relying on the spiritual strength and patriotic spirit of the people. On one side of the opinion the author puts Barclay, Berg, on the other Kutuzov, Denisov, Rostov.
The author of the novel is a supporter of the idea of the national nature of the war. Proving this statement, he, through the prism of the Battle of Borodino, draws not only military, but also everyday storylines. The problems of the peaceful life of the main characters often come to the fore and are fundamental in making important wartime decisions.
Tolstoy does not divide life into military and peaceful. In his opinion, shown through the position of Kutuzov, the laws of peaceful life should be preserved in times of war.
The episodes of hostilities shown through the eyes of a peaceful person and even a child are indicative.
Having completely devoted the third volume to the Patriotic War of 1812, Tolstoy composes a hymn to the main laws of life - the close connection of generations and all strata of society, unanimity and solidarity for the sake of world peace.
The work of Ivan Shmelev tells the story of a little boy Vanya, who went to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra in Zamoskvorechye. Vanya is accompanied by a carpenter named Gorkin, an old coachman Antip, a ram-keeper Fedya The book tells about the sensations and impressions of the author under the charm of various smells. For the first time, the narrator smelled cold frost. Standing on the banks of the Nevka, he saw the trees begin to shed their leaves. Norway. The well-furnished and very cozy apartment belongs to Thorvald Helmer and Nora. Torvald works as a lawyer. Christmas Eve has come. Nora comes home and carries many different boxes. In this collection of short stories, Babel tells about the terrible events of the civil war on behalf of her hero-journalist.
June 1812. The war begins with the French, led by Napoleon.
Prince Andrei serves at the headquarters of Kutuzov, but, having learned about the beginning of the war, he asks to be transferred to the army. Nikolai Rostov still serves in the Pavlograd Hussar Regiment, which is retreating from Poland to the Russian borders. Once his squadron met with French dragoons, Nikolai captured one of them, for which he received the St. George Cross.
The Rostov family lives in Moscow. Natasha is sick, but attending a service in the church, and especially one of the prayers (“Let us pray to the Lord in peace”) makes such a strong impression on her that she gradually begins to return to life. Petya Rostov asks his father to let him go to the army, but his father does not agree - Petya is still too small for the war. But Petya is very persistent - and the count still decides to find out how to fulfill his son's request and at the same time make sure that he is safe.
The old prince Bolkonsky lives with his daughter on his estate, from where he refuses to leave, despite his son's letters with requests, he will go to Moscow. The prince sends all his family members to Moscow, including his son Andrei Nikolenka, while he himself remains in the Bald Mountains with Princess Marya, who refuses to leave her father. Soon a stroke happens to the prince, he, paralyzed, is transported to Bogucharovo, where he dies three weeks later, asking for forgiveness from his daughter before his death. After the death of her father, Princess Mary decides to go to Moscow, but the peasants do not let her out of Bogucharovo, and only the intervention of Nikolai Rostov, who happened to be there, helps her leave the estate.
Before the Battle of Borodino, Pierre Bezukhov comes to the army, wanting to see with his own eyes what will happen there. During the battle, Prince Andrei is mortally wounded, and at the dressing station on the next bed he sees the man whom he had been looking for for a long time, wanting to take revenge - Anatole Kuragin, whose leg is being amputated at that moment.
During the battle, Pierre is on the Raevsky battery, where he provides all possible assistance to the soldiers. But he is horrified by what he saw and therefore leaves the battlefield, walking towards Mozhaisk.
After the battle, the Russian army retreats to Fili. At the council, Kutuzov orders a further retreat, realizing that the army cannot defend Moscow. The French enter Moscow. Napoleon on Poklonnaya Hill is waiting for a Russian delegation with the keys to the city, but he is told that there is no one in Moscow. Fires break out everywhere in the city.
The Rostovs, leaving Moscow with all the nobles, give part of their carts to the wounded. Among them was Andrei Bolkonsky. Natasha finds out about this and starts courting him. Pierre remains in Moscow, dreaming of killing Napoleon. But he is arrested by French lancers.
And in St. Petersburg, life goes on the same way - dinner parties, balls, evenings. The news comes that Moscow has been abandoned, and Alexander decides to stand at the head of his army himself. Kutuzov refuses to make peace with the French. Alexander insists on the battle of Tarutino.
Kutuzov receives news that the French have left Moscow. From this moment, the retreat of the French outside of Russia begins, and now Kutuzov's goal is to keep his army from unnecessary attacks on the melting French army. Kutuzov refuses to lead the army as soon as the troops cross the border of the country. He was awarded the Order of George I degree.
In Voronezh, Nikolai Rostov meets Princess Marya. He wants to marry her, but he is held back by his word given to Sonya. And then he receives a letter from Sonya, written at the insistence of Countess Rostova, in which she writes that he is free from the word given to her.
Princess Marya goes to Yaroslavl, where the Rostovs live, having learned that Andrei is with them. But she arrives already at the moment when Andrei is close to death. The common grief brings Natasha closer to the princess.
Pierre Bezukhov is sentenced to death, but by order of Marshal Davout, he, already brought to the place of execution, is left alive. As a prisoner, he moves along with the French army along the Smolensk road, where partisans beat off a detachment of prisoners from the French. In this battle, Petya Rostov dies, who came to the partisans from the headquarters of a German general with a proposal to unite.
Sick Pierre is brought to Orel, where he learns the latest news about his loved ones - his wife died, and Prince Andrei was alive for a month after being wounded, but then he also died. Pierre arrives in Moscow in Princess Marya to express his condolences. There he meets Natasha, so withdrawn into herself that she does not notice anything around - and only the news of her brother's death saves her. Meeting with Pierre, talking with him induces a new feeling in her soul - a feeling of love for this person.
Getting acquainted with War and Peace in brief, let's move on to the study of volume 3 of part 3 in a summary of the chapters.
Chapter 1
War and Peace, Volume 3, Part 3 begins with the first chapter, where the author talks about history and the driving force. He writes that the goal of history is to comprehend the laws of motion. And in order to achieve this goal, according to the writer, in order to understand the laws of history, you need to leave the kings and nobles alone. Power is not the legislator of history. It is necessary to study the small elements that are invisible to the eye, because it is they who guide the masses.
Chapter 2
In the second part, we learn that the French broke into Russia and are moving towards the capital. The Russians, on the other hand, have to retreat, which is why they become more and more angry with the enemy. And now the French are in Moscow, though after a few weeks for unknown reasons, they leave the city.
Kutuzov thinks that the battle of Borodino is won, but then he began to receive information about heavy losses. A new battle, which was planned by Kutuzov, became impossible, because there was a lot to be done. But there was no way to attack. Moscow was given to the enemy. The Russian army retreats to Fili from Borodino.
Chapter 3
Russians at Filey. Generals gathered on Poklonnaya Hill and began to discuss the unfavorable position of the troops. Other military issues were also raised. Kutuzov, with every conversation and opinion, became gloomier. He understands that there is no way to defend the capital. Kutuzov was scared at the thought that he needed to leave Moscow. He could not understand in any way where the mistake was, how he could let Napoleon into the city. Kutuzov went to the carriages.
Chapter 4
And now, in Sevastyanov's hut, a council has been going on for days, where actions are discussed. Bergen said that Moscow must not be abandoned, the capital must be defended, even at the cost of the Russian army. But Kutuzov did not agree with this and wanted to hear the opinions of the rest. He was interested in the question: is it worth risking the army, because it is in the army that the salvation of all of Russia is. Maybe it makes sense to give the capital without a fight? Kutuzov did not approve of the count's plan. The debate continued for a long time, and now the commander-in-chief makes his conclusion. Retreat.
Chapter 5
In Moscow, the inhabitants began to collect their belongings and leave, while everything that they could not take with them was burned so that the enemy would not get anything. Ratopchin, who was put in charge of the event for the abandonment and burning of Moscow, acted differently. By hook or by crook he tried to persuade people not to leave their homes.
However, the Russians did not want to remain under the rule of the French. Rostopchin said that only cowards run. But he fails to convince people.
Chapter 6
Helen Bezukhova returns to Petersburg with the court. There she finds herself in an awkward position, because at the same time she meets two of her lovers, a prince and a rich nobleman. Both pretend to be a woman. She also says that no one has the right to force her to account for her actions. She proposes to both the nobleman and the prince to marry her. She herself accepts Catholicism in order to make donations, but first she asks the pope to release her from her husband.
Chapter 7
Helen understands that divorce is not a problem now, only the society needs to be prepared in advance. So that divorce is not discussed, Bezukhova gives the society a different topic for discussion, and this is her relationship with the prince and nobleman, who at the same time ask for her hand. Everyone gives the woman his own advice about who to choose, but no one talks about Pierre. Helen herself writes a letter to her husband, announcing her intention to divorce and marry another. The letter is sent to Moscow. Pierre himself is on the battlefield.
Chapter 8
At this time, Pierre, at the end of the Battle of Borodino, goes to Knyazkov. Having reached the dressing station, he went further, mingling with the crowds of soldiers. He wanted a normal life. Pierre met the soldiers who took him to Mozhaisk.
Chapter 9
Bezukhov settled down for the night. There he had a dream in which he sees Denisov, Anatole, Dolokhov. Immediately he sees a benefactor who says something to him. I can't make out the words, but it's definitely about good. Waking up in the morning, Pierre goes to Moscow. On the way, he learns about the death of Andrei Bolkonsky and Kuragin Anatole.
Chapter 10
Arriving in Moscow, Pierre goes to the commander in chief. In the waiting room, influential people are discussing the topic of surrendering Moscow. Many say that you need to fight, but Pierre says that there is no way to fight in the city. Immediately, Bezukhov reads Rostopchin's poster, where he calls to defend the capital.
Chapter 11
Pierre is summoned to Rostopchin, where he talks about the Freemasons who have already been arrested for distributing the French proclamation. Since Pierre is also a Freemason, the count warns of his possible arrest and advises him to leave the city, breaking all his ties with his former brothers.
Pierre got home in the evening, where he met with many people. After all the conversations, he opened his wife's letter. Reading it, he did not understand much, and then fell asleep. In the morning, the butler woke him up, informing him that a policeman and other people were waiting outside the door waiting to be received. Pierre got ready and walked through the backyard. No one else saw him until the end of the Moscow ruin.
Chapter 12
The Rostovs remained in the capital until the last day. The countess lost her peace as soon as both her sons were at war. In order to somehow reassure the countess, the count transfers Peter to the Bezukhov regiment, which was located near Moscow. Rostova does not want to hear about the departure until her son arrives home. Petya returned, but his mother's guardianship is a burden to him. He spends a lot of time with Natasha. The Countess also receives a letter from her second son, who announces a meeting with Marya. Rostova is happy for her son, as well as for his choice, because such a party could improve their situation. The Rostovs are preparing to leave.
Chapter 13
In the Rostovs' house, everything turned upside down. Everyone is getting ready to leave. Natasha sees the wounded from the window and offers to place everyone in their house. The Countess can't wait until they're gone. Now she is afraid of everything, and even more so, she is afraid that her Petya will not go to the battle that is planned at the Three Mountains.
Chapter 14
The Rostovs continue training camps. We packed our things until late at night, after which we went to bed. It was on this night that the wounded Andrei Bolkonsky was brought to them.
Chapter 15
And now the Rostovs have everything ready for shipment. The wounded are asked to take them with them. The count frees them several carts, for which he receives a reproach from his wife. Berg, the son-in-law of the Rostovs, comes to the Rostovs.
Chapter 16
Berg boasts of his merits, and Petya tells Natasha about the decanter's refusal to release the carts for the wounded. Natasha accused her mother of callousness, but then the countess gave in and the carts were given to the wounded.
Chapter 17
Sonya notices that Bolkonsky was also in one of the wagons where the wounded were, which she told her mother about. Knowing her daughter's reaction, the Countess decides not to tell Natasha anything. The Rostovs are on their way. On the way they met Pierre, who decided to stay in Moscow and face Napoleon in battle.
Chapter 18
Pierre stayed at the house of the late Bazdeev. Here he ended up just after visiting Rostopchin, and woke up confused, with a sense of hopelessness in his house, where a police official had arrived. And so, leaving the house unnoticed, he went to the Bazdeevs. There, asking the servant to get him a peasant's clothes, he changed clothes and went to look for a pistol. Just on the way to buy weapons, he met the Rostovs, who were leaving Moscow.
Chapter 19
Beginning of September. Kutuzov gives the order to retreat through Moscow. Already on September 2, Napoleon was on Poklonnaya Hill. He is in full anticipation, waiting for the boyars. Finally, his dream will come true. While Napoleon was looking forward to meeting and dreaming, his generals did not know how to inform the military commander that Moscow was empty.
Chapter 20
Napoleon is waiting, but all in vain, because in the city, if there was any share of the population, but in general, the city was empty. This was reported to Bonaparte. Disappointed, he did not enter the city, but stopped in the suburbs.
Chapter 21
Russian troops marched through Moscow, taking with them those who still remained here. Crush on the bridge, looting around the city.
Chapter 22
An officer drove up to the Rostovs' house, calling himself a relative. But the count and his family had already left, as Mavra Kuzminichna told about. The officer wanted to ask for money, as the clothes were all worn out. Without letting him finish, the old woman stopped him and went into the house. After a while, she took out the banknotes and gave them to the officer. He thanked her and left.
Chapter 23-25
In the city of booze, chaos. Rostopchin is offended by the fact that Kutuzov did not call him for advice, and even does not agree to defend the capital. He returns to the capital. They stop coming to him for orders, moreover, crowds begin to gather in front of his house. The crowd demands something, and then Rostopchin orders Vereshchagin to be brought in. He gives it to the crowd to be torn to pieces with the words that Vereshchagin is for the French. Rostopchin himself goes out into the backyard and goes to Sokolniki to a country house. There he decided to go to Kutuzov and tell him everything. On the way, he met a madman who recalled the recent event with Vereshchagin, and he realized that he would never forget his crime.
Rostopchin came to Kutuzov, reproaching him for not defending Moscow. Kutuzov himself said that he would not give up Moscow without a fight.
Chapter 26
And now the French soldiers enter the capital. But it is not the wealth of the streets that meets the enemy, but looting and robbery.
Chapter 27-28
Staying in the house of his deceased acquaintance, where Pierre lived, he decides to participate in the people's defense of the capital. For this reason, he buys peasant clothes. Then he goes for the gun. The French are already in the capital. Pierre does not yet know how he will kill Napoleon, but he is determined to carry out his enterprise.
The French enter Bezukhov's house to stay there. Pierre's drunken servant tries to shoot the Frenchman, but Pierre knocks out the pistol, thereby saving the soldier's life. He introduced himself as Rambal. The French captain enrolled Bezukhov as a friend and invited him to dinner.
Chapter 29
At dinner they talk about Paris, about how brave the Russian soldiers are. Pierre later realizes how nasty this conversation with the Frenchman is. He hates himself for weakness, for the fact that communication with the Frenchman destroyed his mood. He understands now that he will not be able to kill the villain, although everything is ready for this. Pierre wants to leave, but he cannot find the strength in himself. Then the conversation between the Frenchman and Pierre continues. The captain recalls his childhood, his life, his passion for women. He also spoke about his latest hobby in Poland. Pierre, on the other hand, spoke about a woman whom he had loved all his life, but could not be with her. In conversation, the captain learned that Pierre was very rich. He was surprised that, having such wealth, he did not leave the capital.
Going out into the street at night with the captain, they saw a glow at the end of the city, which was not strange, because fires happened in the city. Remembering his intention to kill Bonaparte, Pierre becomes ill, he goes into the room, falls on the sofa and falls asleep.
Chapter 30
The glow in Moscow was seen by many, including the Rostovs, who stayed in Mytishchi. It was clearly visible from here how the capital was burning.
Chapter 31
Hearing that Moscow was on fire, the Countess began to cry. Natasha listens all the time to the groaning adjutant. She was like not here from the very moment Sonya told about Bolkonsky, who was wounded and was traveling with them. At first, she kept asking about Andrei, but then she realized that no one would tell her the truth.
After waiting for everyone to fall asleep, she herself went to him.
Chapter 32
After being wounded, Andrei spent seven days unconscious. The doctor said the wound was fatal. He understands that if Andrei did not die now, he would die later, in great pain. The doctor is surprised at Andrei's patience, because his pain should already be terrible. Andrey often falls into unconsciousness, and in between, when he comes to his senses, he reflects on life. And then the image of Natasha Rostova and how he treated her appears in his memory. Just at that moment, a girl approached him. He confesses his love to her and asks for forgiveness.
From that moment on, Natasha, at every stop, went to Andrey and looked after him.
Chapter 33
Pierre woke up in the morning with the firm intention of killing Napoleon. The fire that was seen yesterday only got bigger. The city was already on fire from all sides. Walking down the street, the man heard screams, as it turned out, there was a child in the burning house. Pierre saved the girl and wanted to return the child, but her mother did not find her.
Chapter 34
Pierre gives the child to a woman who knows the girl's parents. He himself goes further with intentions to help. Then Pierre saw how the French began to mock the Armenian family, which Bezukhov himself had recently observed. Unable to observe such behavior of the French, Pierre rushed to the soldiers. When he came to, his hands were already tied. The French were ordered to arrest all suspicious Russians. Pierre turned out to be the most suspicious and is placed separately under a strict guard.
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About the novel. Leo Tolstoy built the storyline on the basis of the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1812. The author revealed the historical development of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 90th century, describing the fate of the heroes of the book. A summary of the novel "War and Peace" by volume will make it possible to understand the reasons for the defeat of the Russian army in the first half of the French invasion and its victorious offensive with the onset of winter.
Volume 1
In the first volume, the reader gets acquainted with the main characters. To the peaceful philistine picture of the idle life of St. Petersburg and Moscow, Leo Tolstoy contrasted the horror that the war brings. The writer achieved a literary contrast on the example of the epoch-making battles of Schöngraben and Austerlitz.
Part 1
The middle of the summer of 1805 was remembered by a resident of the capital with an outbreak of influenza. Anna Pavlovna Sherer, who has connections in the royal family, fell ill. Being a popular person in the high society of St. Petersburg, she gathered a party. Here are the main characters of the book.
The first to enter was His Excellency Prince Vasily Kuragin. The Lord punished a respected person with heirs. From the lips of this gentleman comes a quote that reveals the essence of his character, that children are a burden of existence. His Excellency arrived with his daughter Elena Vasilievna. The beautiful, socialite is accompanied by her elder brother, Prince Ippolit Kuragin, "a calm fool," according to his own father.
Following the Kuragins, Princess Liza Bolkonskaya arrived, the sweet wife of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky in all respects. Young people got married a year ago. A fragile woman has a rounded belly as a result of pregnancy. The noble lady brought her needlework to spend time with benefit.
Everyone's attention was attracted by the scene of the appearance of the young Count Peter Kirillovich Bezukhov. The big, smart, timid illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov did not have time to learn the traditions and subtleties of the etiquette of the high society of St. Petersburg. Therefore, he was coldly received by the mistress of the house.
Andrei Bolkonsky himself appears (the future image of the hero of the Fatherland), the husband of Lisa Bolkonskaya.
At the end of the evening, Countess Drubetskaya pitifully persuades Prince Vasily to recommend her son, Boris Drubetskoy, as adjutant to Kutuzov. The rest of the guests are discussing the role of Napoleon in the political arena of the world.
Pierre visits Bolkonsky's house, promises his friend not to get involved with the company of Anatole Kuragin (the unlucky son of Prince Vasily). Lisa is indignant that her husband is going to war, sends her to her father, Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, a prominent politician at the court of Catherine II. Andrei Bolkonsky remains tough and adamant, leaves.
Pierre plunges into the wild life of Petersburg officers, which ended in scandal. Drunken young people, led by Kuragin Jr. and Dolokhov, tied a guard on duty to the back of a circus bear, let the beast swim in the river. Prince Bezukhov is punished, he is sent to Moscow, as to a calmer city.
And here is Moscow, a reception at the Rostov family on the occasion of the name day of Countess Mother Natalya and their daughter Natashenka. Son Nikolai Rostov takes care of his fifteen-year-old cousin Sonya. And the young birthday girl likes Boris Drubetskoy.
The eldest daughter Vera behaves like an adult young lady, and little Petenka is distinguished by childish carelessness. The reader observes the differences in morals between the St. Petersburg high society and Moscow. Sincerity, simplicity of communication, family values prevail here.
Pierre Bezukhov arrived, being also invited. But the young man is preoccupied with his father's illness. Behind him, the real struggle of the clans for the inheritance of the dying count begins. After all, Prince Vasily Kuragin, due to family ties, is a contender for the inheritance. This is a strong contender. Pierre, having appeared at the bedside of a dying man, feels like a stranger. Sorrow for his father and natural awkwardness complicate the situation of the young man.
And in the Bald Mountains estate, Lisa languishes, left by Andrei in the care of his father and sister, Princess Marya. The daughter vegetates next to the eccentric old man, trying to share with him the hardships of his old age.
Part 2
The autumn of 1805 came. Kutuzov's troops were on the territory of the Archduchy of Austria in the fortress of Braunau. Kutuzov himself promises to return Dolokhov, demoted to the ranks for a joke with a bear, his rank, if he behaves in the war, as befits a Russian officer.
Prince Andrei serves at the hand of Kutuzov himself, compiling a summary of the movement of the Austrian army to the command. The commander-in-chief appreciates the professionalism of his subordinate.
Nikolai Rostov is serving as a cadet, as a hussar of the Pavlograd regiment. Russian troops retreat to Vienna, destroying crossings and bridges behind them. A battle breaks out on the Enns River, the overtaking enemy is rebuffed by a squadron of hussars. Kolya Rostov serves here, this is his first military experience. The guy is hard going through his state of indecision and confusion.
Kutuzov leads his army (35 thousand soldiers) down the Danube in order to save them from Napoleon's army, which at that time had 100,000 soldiers. Bolkonsky was sent to the city of Brunn with good news, where he meets with diplomat Bilibin and learns that the French have occupied Vienna. Then he sees Prince Ippolit Kuragin, who is not respected by his colleagues.
Bilibin invites Bolkonsky to remain in the service of the Austrian king, prophesies the defeat of Kutuzov's army. Andrei decided to remain loyal to his commander in chief.
Bagration's army was ordered to detain the enemy for as long as possible. For days the soldiers under the leadership of Bagration heroically held back the fierce onslaught, and then made an unthinkably difficult transition. Andrei Bolkonsky joins them to take part in the upcoming battle.
In this part of the novel, the theme of true and pathos patriotism is clearly traced. The image of Tushin is a portrait of a Russian hero, whose heroism often remains unappreciated by his contemporaries. This is how the battle of Schöngraben went.
Part 3
Pierre Bezukhov managed to receive an inheritance, he became an enviable groom. Prince Vasily without delay brings him together with his daughter Helen. The enterprising caring father is simultaneously negotiating with Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky, trying to woo Mary from him for his youngest son Anatoly. Absolute attachment to the father guides the decision of Princess Bolkonskaya. The girl refuses noble matchmakers.
The turn of the battle of Austerlitz came. The plan was approved in advance in St. Petersburg by Alexander I, so Kutuzov could not change anything. Sleep is the only parting word that he gave to the army, relying on the will of God.
Bolkonsky could not sleep before the battle. The dream of glory occupies the thoughts of a Russian officer. When the morning mist cleared, a skirmish with the enemy took place. Bolkonsky noticed how the banner fell from the hands of the ensign, raised the banner and led the soldiers along. Here the hero was overtaken by a bullet, he lay down on the ground and embraced the sky with his eyes, endless, losing meaning for a dying warrior. By the will of fate, Andrey is saved by Napoleon himself.
Volume 2
Children grow up, rush to extremes, are guided by the search for the meaning of life and fall in love. There are 6 years before the start of the war, events take place in the time frame from 1806 to 1812.
Part 1
The joy of the Rostovs, Nikolai and his friend Denisov came to them on vacation. The noble officer is fascinated by the beauty and intelligence of young Natasha.
Marriage with Helen changed the inner world of Count Bezukhov, he had to be disappointed in his hasty choice. Dolokhov behaves offensively, hinting to others at an ambiguous relationship with Countess Bezukhova. Pierre challenges Dolokhov, experienced in battles, to a duel. Unable to firmly hold a gun in his hands, the hero hits his wife's lover in the stomach. After the scandal, he gives Helen to manage most of the state, leaves for the capital.
In the Bald Mountains, Lisa is waiting for her husband, she is not told about his probable death. Suddenly, young Bolkonsky arrives on the eve of his wife's birth. The tragic moment - Bolkonskaya dies in childbirth. The boy was named Nicholas.
Dolokhov proposes to Sonechka, but the girl in love with Nikolai refuses. Angry, the officer draws Nikolai Rostov into a risky card game, the young man lost a lot of money.
Vasily Denisov proposes to Natasha. Countess Rostova refuses the groom, pointing to the early age of her daughter. Nikolai is waiting for money from his father to pay off his gambling debt.
Part 2
Count Bezukhov joins the Masonic society. Prince Vasily asks his son-in-law to once again reconcile with his wife, but is refused. Time passes, Pierre becomes disillusioned with the Masonic movement. This happened at the end of 1806, when the French resumed hostilities in Europe. Boris Drubetskoy, having received a high appointment, cuts off contact with the Rostovs' house, and often visits Helen Bezukhova. Pierre returns to Moscow to check the state of affairs of the estates, finds his fortune in decline.
The world is changing, Russia and France become allies, they begin to fight against Austria.
Prince Bolkonsky, having reached the age of 31, is trying to improve his life in the family estate, but being a soldier in his soul, he does not find peace. He is invited to the Rostovs' house, he meets Natasha for the first time. The speech of the girl under the late sky sinks into the soul of the hero. He will remember her as sophisticated and romantic. In Moscow, Andrey, on behalf of Speransky, is engaged in state legislation, the way of the section "Rights of Persons".
After his wife's infidelity, Pierre develops depression. The Rostovs are trying to politely drive away the newly accustomed Boris Drubetskoy from the house. The eldest daughter Vera marries Berg.
First ball. Natasha Rostova was published on December 31, 1809. They had to dance for the first time, an experienced man Bolkonsky and a growing girl Rostov fall in love. Their feelings are mutual, Prince Andrei comes to the Rostovs, listens to the girl's singing, feels happiness. Having met with Pierre, Bologna tells his friend about his new love, about his decision to marry.
The father dissuades his son with a scandal from his choice. Therefore, having made an offer to Natasha, Bolkonsky asks to keep this event a secret. The wedding is postponed for a year. In the Bolkonsky estate, the old prince is acting strange, enraged by his son's disobedience. Princess Mary is in a difficult situation.
Part 4
To improve the condition of the Rostov family, Nikolai comes to the family, but he realizes that he does not know how to run a household. We rested on the hunt, then Christmas time came. For the first time, the guy was able to appreciate the graceful beauty of Sonya, confessed to his sister Natasha that he wanted to marry his cousin, from which she was happy.
Princess Natalya was angry, she did not like the choice of her son, the poor niece was not a match for the young prince, according to her mother. Kolenka quarrels with her mother, and she begins to spoil the life of poor Sonya, infringing on her, finding fault with trifles. The son resolutely declares that he will marry the girl without blessing if the mother continues to mock her.
Through the efforts of Natasha, a truce is achieved. Relatives agree that Sonya will not be run around, and Nikolai will leave for his duty station. The family is impoverished, but returns to Moscow, leaving an ailing countess in the village.
Part 5
Everything is difficult in the Bolkonsky family. Living in Moscow, father and daughter cannot find a common language. Natasha is left in turmoil after an awkward encounter with them. In the opera, she meets Anatole Kuragin, who wants to seduce the girl, having barely met her. First, Helen Bezukhova invites her to visit, where the womanizer passionately confesses his love to her, literally chasing the inexperienced girl.
In the letters that Natasha is secretly given, Anatole writes that he will steal her away in order to secretly get married. The young man fraudulently wanted to take possession of the girl, because he had already been married earlier. Sonya destroys the seducer's insidious plans by telling Marya Dmitrievna about them. Pierre reveals to Natasha the secret of Anatole Kuragin's married position.
Natasha breaks off the engagement to Bolkonsky. Andrey learns the story with Anatoly. Pierre brings Rostova letters from her ex-fiance, Natasha repents. Pierre has tenderness for the tearful heroine. Returning home, he was lucky to observe the fall of a comet.
Volume 3
The author reflects on the causes of the tragedy that affected the lives of millions of people. War is an evil that people create with their own hands. The heroes of the novel will go through grief, pain and irreparable losses. Their world will never be the same again, but only perceived through the prism of death.
Part 1
The Patriotic War began. Prince Bolkonsky returns to the army in order to take revenge on Anatole for the dishonored honor of the bride. Then, as an officer, he accepts an appointment in the Western army.
Nikolai Rostov shows special courage, is awarded the St. George Cross. A tender relationship develops between Pierre and Natasha. Moscow nobility is going to the council. Pierre gives 1000 souls of peasants and their salaries to the militia.
Part 2
Prince Andrei writes to his father asking for forgiveness. He advises the family to leave the Bald Mountains, but the old man stays at home. Part of the Moscow high society is happy to discuss the arrival of the French. Most of the people are patriotic. The tsar appointed Kutuzov commander-in-chief of the entire Russian army in order to avoid conflicts between the command.
Princess Marya Bolkonskaya buries her father, finds herself in a difficult situation, from which Nikolai Rostov helps her get out. Denisov organized a full-fledged partisan movement. Prince Andrei and Pierre meet before the battle, discussing the importance of the morale of the soldiers themselves in the outcome of battles, and not just the ability of commanders to give orders.
Prince Andrei is wounded by a fragment of a grenade in the stomach, he sees Kuragin on the operating table and forgives his enemy.
Part 3
The philosophy of war is cruel. The decision to surrender Moscow to the French was extremely difficult for the Russian people. Kutuzov wanted to save the army, which means Russia. The evacuation has begun. On the Borodino field, Pierre receives a letter from his wife asking for a divorce. Natasha watches the convoy with the wounded and finds Andrey there, trying to take care of him along the way of retreat. The girl asks her beloved for forgiveness and receives it.
Napoleon's foot steps into a city abandoned by the people. The conqueror feels the bitterness of disappointment, because every abandoned city built of wood burns down without people. Moscow burned down. Pierre plans to kill Napoleon, but the attempt fails. Instead, he saves a girl from a burning house.
Volume 4
The end of 1812 turned out to be dramatic for the heroes of the novel, for the state. In a short time, millions of people stomped across Russia, first from west to east, then in the opposite direction. This is the people, and not every general, genius or ruler, taken separately.
Part 1
The battle on the Borodino field died down on August 26. The next day, the sick Helen Bezukhova died, and on the third day Kutuzov reported that the Russian troops had been withdrawn from Moscow. For 10 days, the cultural city, having turned into ashes, was abandoned by enemy troops.
Nikolai Rostov was sent to Voronezh even before the Battle of Borodino. For the provincial inhabitants, the cavalier-hussar was an authority that was worshiped, especially by girls. But the warrior's heart is occupied by Princess Mary. The governor, being an experienced woman who knows life, points out to Rostov that Princess Bolkonskaya can really make a worthy match for the young man.
But what about Sonya? He himself promised to marry her. In the house of the governor's wife Anna Ignatievna, Rostov meets Princess Bolkonskaya. Their relationship is developing. If the guy remembered Sonya with a smile, then he thought about the princess with inner fear and trembling. Mother sends a letter, tells how Natasha takes care of the wounded Andrey. Then an envelope arrives from Sonya, she knows about the sympathy between him and the prince's sister, breaks off her engagement with him.
Pierre was captured and sentenced to death. But by the will of God, the execution ceremony failed. Princess Mary got to Yaroslavl, made friends with Natasha, who was caring for her brother. The girls spend the last days of his life with Andrei.
Part 2
Everything that was conquered by the French army, all the achievements were destroyed by Napoleon. After leaving burned Moscow, Bonaparte began to make gross tactical mistakes. The troops could be left for the winter in the burnt city, move them to St. Petersburg or in another favorable direction. Of all the possible options, the most pernicious path was chosen.
Movement along the broken Smolensk road weakened a strong army, deprived of the opportunity to eat. As if Napoleon planned to destroy his own army. Or was Kutuzov a genius who surrendered Moscow like a trap?
In captivity, Pierre achieved peace of mind. Deprivation hardened his body and spirit. Among ordinary people, he looked like a hero.
Part 3
People's war is different in that ordinary people take up arms. They are unpredictable in their rage, they are driven by a keen desire to drive away from their land a crowd of aggressive little men who even speak a strange, funny and incomprehensible language. This is how the partisan movement grows, in which people are fighting, overwhelmed with a sense of patriotism.
Young Petya Rostov dies in Denisov's partisan detachment, by chance freeing the captive Pierre. The French army retreats in panic, the soldiers rob the convoys of neighboring detachments in order to get food. So simply greatness, devoid of kindness, simplicity and truth, turns into nothingness.
Part 4
Natasha changes with the loss of Andrei, rethinking her life, the girl understands what duty is, how she is attached to her family, to her mother. Countess Rostova is unable to bear the loss of her son Petenka. An early energetic fifty-year-old woman turned into an old, sick and weak woman. Mental forces have left the mother, only the daughter's care saves her from death.
Natasha and Maria endured so many losses together that the war made them friends, they returned to Moscow together.
Epilogue
Part 1
A year later, Count Rostov, the father of the family, the breadwinner and support of his children, dies. Severe depression covers Natasha after his death. Pierre Bezukhov comes to the rescue, who, being a widower, marries her.
The relationship between Nikolai and Marya is developing successfully. The man, having received the inheritance of his father with debts, for a long time did not dare to propose to the girl. But Princess Bolkonskaya convinced him that debts could not be an obstacle to the happiness of two loving hearts. Separation is a more painful process for both.
Their wedding took place in the fall of 1814, the young family moved to the Bald Mountains. Nikolai Rostov borrowed money from Count Bezukhov, within three years raised the estate to its feet, and brought it out of debt.
The year 1820 came, a lot of events happened, there are four children in the Bezukhov family. Friends gather at the Rostovs. Again, the author contrasts two houses, a different way of life, a manner of communication between spouses. As if two parallel worlds in one state. Different dreams, goals and ways to achieve them.
Part 2
The political arena of Europe in the period from 1805 to the end of 1812 stands out against the background of its historical development with a sharp change of events. The First Patriotic War was a people's war, where every patriotic act of an ordinary person became decisive. The laws and laws of war do not work under the pressure of the people's will, which manifests itself in the desire for freedom.
It is the will of people united by misfortune that opposes the passion for the destruction of one or more people, smart, trained and educated. Heroes die for freedom, not knowing the laws of history and economics. Freedom is also a natural force, like electric force and gravity; it only manifests itself in the feeling of life, in the desire to develop, to find new life goals.
A brief retelling of "War and Peace" in chapters, parts and volumes is an indispensable textbook for good students and excellent students. In order to regularly refresh your memory with forgotten details, to accurately reproduce the main events, to know the plot thoroughly, you must periodically refer to the text of the novel, reproduced in abbreviation. The Literaguru team will help you with this.
- Chapter 1. By 1812, it became clear that Russia would soon be at war with France. What are the reasons? There are a huge number of them, but the main one, according to the author, is the spontaneous movement of the masses. Not the emperors ruled it, but vice versa.
- Chapter 2. On May 29, Napoleon left Paris. By June 12, an unexpected offensive had already been scheduled - the crossing of the Neman. In the emperor's army, this event is greeted with joy.
- Chapter 3. Alexander I lived in Vilna, nothing was ready for the war, and the emperor participated in balls. When the French crossed the Neman, Benigsen gave a reception, which was attended by Alexander. Helen Bezukhova and Boris Drubetsky were also at this ball (they will find secular connections everywhere). The latter accidentally heard the news about the beginning of the war being reported to the emperor.
- Chapter 4. Alexander, through the close general Balashev, sent Napoleon a letter containing both an attempt at reconciliation and a threat (the latter, however, rather verbally: the emperor would not reconcile as long as there was at least one French soldier in Russia). Balashev was received hostilely and disrespectfully, but they took him to Napoleon. On the way, Murat met, who spoke with the general and reported his thoughts that it was the Russian emperor who became the instigator of the war. After the meeting with Murat, Balashev was not introduced to Napoleon, but was detained by Marshal Davout.
- Chapter 5. Davout was the French Arakcheev, so he started with power methods. Having received the general coldly and indifferently, he began to demand that he hand over the letter immediately, and not personally to the emperor. Balashev had to obey. For several days the envoy was waiting for a meeting with the French emperor, even crossing with the enemy troops. And the audience was appointed when the French had already entered Vilna.
- Chapter 6 Napoleon met Balashev with self-satisfied joy, because he believed that the whole world depended on his desires. He was waiting for an explanation about the relations between Russia and England, adding that he did not want war. And Russia does not want to, but she has conditions: the retreat of France back beyond the Neman. But Napoleon does not agree, he expresses all the mistakes of Alexander (he was the first to come to the army, surrounded himself with the enemies of France, a bad commander without allies). Balashev tried to object, but the emperor interrupted.
- Chapter 7 Soon Balashev, to his surprise, was invited to Napoleon for dinner. The emperor asked the general about Russia, asking simple questions, as if he were a traveler. Then he once again spoke about the wrong decisions of Alexander, especially that the Russian emperor took command. And Balashev soon left, handed over the conversation to the Russian emperor, the war began.
- Chapter 8 Andrei Bolkonsky went to Petersburg to find Anatole Kuragin there and challenge him to a duel without compromising Natasha Rostova. But the enemy was not there, and I wanted to distract myself from my thoughts with activity. And Andrei again became Kutuzov's adjutant. Before leaving for the army, Bolkonsky drove home. Outwardly, everything was normal, but in fact the household was divided into two camps: the old prince, Bourien, and the architect close to the prince, on the one hand; on the other hand, everyone else: Marya, Nikolushka, his tutor Desal and others. There was a secret feud between them. The father began to condemn the daughter in front of the son. Although the old prince himself understood that he was torturing Marya, he considered it right, he blamed her for all the misfortunes, including her rejection of Bourien. Andrei sided with his sister, for which he was kicked out of the room. Then the hero realizes that he does not even feel the same love for his son. All this oppresses Andrey, but, as Marya advises, he cannot forgive.
- Chapter 9. In early July, Bolkonsky was in the main apartment of the army. The troops retreated. The hero was assigned to Barclay de Tolly. At this time, the army was divided into three parts under the command of Barclay de Tolly, Bagration and Tormasov. Under the emperor, several parties and views developed: 1) it is necessary to retreat according to the plan; 2) you need to fight without a plan; 3) it is necessary to fulfill the plan, but not to the end; 4) there is no chance with the French, you need to give up; 5) the main thing is to make Barclay de Tolly, then everything will work out; 6) Benigsen should be made the main one; 7) the emperor himself must be made the main one; 8) all tactics are unimportant, the main thing is pleasures and privileges; 9) the court needs to return to the capital and appoint a military commander in chief, otherwise everything will be mired in secular pleasures. Alexander liked the third option, although it was inefficient.
- Chapter 10 The emperor made an appointment for Bolkonsky. In addition to the prince, Alexander gathered a "semi-council" on the subject of the failures of military operations. Pfuel was the most belligerent of all, because his camp was inspected without him, he was offended in advance.
- Chapter 11 Alexander I arrives with Marquis Pauluchi, who says that the camp at Drissa is a stupid idea. But the emperor is not particularly attentive to the speech of the interlocutor. At the council, General Armfeld presents a plan for the actions of the armies. Pfuel scorned this idea, he fought for his own, with this fanaticism causing some kind of respect. Then the debate continued, and everything got confused. Prince Andrei at that time thought that all the theories put forward by the military were nonsense, since the outcome of the battle did not depend on this.
- Chapter 12. Nikolai Rostov receives a letter telling about Natasha's illness and begs him to resign and return home. He does not want to agree, he is called to war by a duty of honor (so he writes to Sonya, he also promised to marry her). Having plunged into regimental life, the hero felt satisfaction. On July 12, the Rostov regiment was preparing for the “case”. During the parking, officer Zdrzhinsky spoke about the feat of Raevsky on the Saltanovskaya dam. It was raining, so soon everyone went to look for shelter, found shelter with the doctor.
- Chapter 13 The doctor had a pretty wife who attracted officers. Everyone looked after Marya Genrikhovna. The doctor woke up and did not appreciate the general fun. He and his wife went to spend the night in a wagon.
- Chapter 14 They gave the order to go to Ostrovna. Rostov was not afraid of battle, he learned to control his soul. While the hussars were inactive.
- Chapter 15 Rostov led a squadron on the offensive and crushed the advancing detachment of dragoons. He was revived, but that feeling was gone when he simply killed a retreating Frenchman. For this attack, Rostov will receive the St. George Cross, but he is saddened by his act.
- Chapter 16. Natasha Rostova's illness was so serious that even her cause faded into the background. The Countess, Sonya and all the others looked after the patient. They were helped by doctors in organizing their leisure time, since the cause was not treated with medicines here. Natasha saw participation in all the troubles, but did not recover for a long time. But time heals, the girl began to recover.
- Chapter 17 Natasha became calmer, but could not return the past animation. She did not see the future, she believed that all joys were over. Of all the guests, she was glad only for Pierre Bezukhov, who treated her extremely carefully, he clearly liked her. Agrafena Ivanovna, the Rostovs' village neighbor who had arrived, offered Natasha to go to bed, and she enthusiastically agreed. During this week, Rostova began to feel that she was being cleansed, and after the end of the ceremony, for the first time she realized that she was not burdened by life.
- Chapter 18 Moscow is anxious because of the French threat. Pierre promised to find out something and tell the Rostovs. They went to church, where Natasha heard that they were discussing her. She felt better now, but too late. At the same time, she examined the parishioners and internally condemned them, and then she was immediately horrified that she had again lost her purity. During the prayer, the heroine was very imbued with her, the idea of \u200b\u200buniversal equality in turning to God. She asked the Creator for help for herself and others. Prayers and preaching had an effect on Natasha's open soul.
- Chapter 19 From the time Pierre saw Natasha's grateful look (he was the first to truly console her after the story with Kuragin), all the tormenting questions were resolved, and most importantly, it was her. He led a secular life, ate and drank, but lived only by visiting the Rostovs. Pierre felt that his situation would soon change, and disaster would come. With the help of reading the "Apocalypse" and the Masonic prophecy-cipher, Bezukhov deduced that Napoleon was the cause of a future catastrophe. After checking his name in the cipher, Pierre revealed his connection with this event. At the same time, Bezukhov met a courier delivering letters from the front, who asked him to take Nikolai Rostov's letter to his family. But it is not possible to find out something definite about the position of Russia in the war.
- Chapter 20 Pierre saw Natasha at the Rostovs in the first place. She tried to sing again. After consulting with Bezukhov on this subject, Rostova asked if Bolkonsky would ever forgive her. Pierre assured that he had nothing to forgive. Natasha thanks him for being there at a difficult moment. At this time, Petya appears and asks Bezukhov to find out if the boy will be taken to the hussars. Then lunch began, during which they talked about interest in the Russian language and about volunteers in the war. After the meal, an appeal is read, which speaks of the danger to Russia and Moscow and the hopes for the nobles. Old Count Rostov burst into tears. Natasha perked up. Petya decided to go to war. Pierre at this time admires Natasha, and her father says that her daughter is cheerful only with Bezukhov. Unable to fight the contradictions between feelings and reality, Pierre decides not to come again.
- Chapter 21 Having received a refusal to his request, Petya went to his room to cry, and later decided to go to the emperor. Alexander came to Moscow, and if Rostov, so young and promising, were introduced to the sovereign, then they would be accepted into the army with open arms. That is why the next day the boy went to the square where the emperor was expected. The arrival of the latter causes delight, so Petya, who was standing in the crowd, was crushed so much that he fainted. After the boy saw Alexander, he was so delighted that he forgot about his petition, so he, along with the crowd, accompanied the ruler with joyful cries. Returning home with nothing, Petya told his father that if he was not accepted into the army, he would run away himself. The father began to look for a safe place for his son.
- Chapter 22. Three days after the emperor's arrival, there was a "conference with the people", or rather with the nobles. Disputes flared up on the topic of whether the nobles should express their opinion and know the course of the campaign, or should they simply be executors of the will of power at a decisive moment. Pierre believed that for real help you need to know what to help, the course of hostilities. Everyone else rose up against him and took up arms as if he were a common enemy.
- Chapter 23 Rastopchin came and said that the militia was required from the nobles (while money was from the merchants). The coming emperor confirmed these words in a pathetic form and thanked all the nobles. Touched by Count Rostov, he went to enroll Petya in the army, and Bezukhov assigned a thousand people to the militia.
- Chapter 1. It was not individual people who started the Patriotic War. Providence did it, it had to be so. Napoleon did not really anticipate the danger of defeat, and Alexander did not lure him deep into Russia, it just had to be. The Russian emperor does not bring any benefit at all, when he finally left the army, it became much better. Barclay de Tolly is cautious, even a little too cautious. And in Smolensk, the armies unite. While preparing for battle, the French stumble upon the Russians by accident. The battle brought heavy losses, Smolensk was left.
- Chapter 2 After the departure of Prince Andrei, the father accused Marya that she had quarreled with him. The old man was sick, he did not allow anyone to see him. He broke off a strange relationship with Bourienne after his recovery, but he was also cold with his daughter. The atmosphere in the house was oppressive. Marya spent time with Nikolushka and the wanderers. She is afraid of war. Julie writes to her (already in Russian, imbued with patriotism), tells about the exploits of the Russian troops. Marya did not particularly understand the war, because the old prince laughed at her. The old man was active in the household, but for some reason he slept little. In one of the letters, Andrei described the military events and advised him to leave for Moscow. But the father ignores the proposal of the son. Dvorovoy Alpatych is sent to Smolensk.
- Chapter 3 The old prince gave instructions to Alpatych for a long time. Later, he could not sleep for a long time, it became painful for him. The prince re-read his son's letter and understood the danger better, but most of all the hero wanted everything to be over and he was left in peace.
- Chapter 4 Desalle asks Princess Marya to ask Alpatych to find out about the affairs in Smolensk. He overtook the carts and troops on the road: people were leaving. Familiar merchant Ferapontov ridicules the fear of the inhabitants. Governor Alpatych is given a paper saying that there is no danger. But in words the governor advises to leave. In uncertainty, the servant sent by the Bolkonskys returns. Ferapontov's wife asked to leave, for which her husband beat her. He cares about his goods. A long shelling began, after which the inhabitants learned that Smolensk had been surrendered. Ferapontov is going to set fire to the house so that the enemy does not get it. Alpatych leaves, meets Prince Andrei along the way. Bolkonsky himself writes a note that in a week the Bald Mountains will be occupied, it is necessary to leave.
- Chapter 5 After Smolensk, the Russian troops retreated. In the general grief, Prince Andrei, the commander of the regiment, forgot his grief. Once near the Bald Mountains, the hero decided to go there (although there is no need). In the estate, he met only Alpatych (his father and sister left), he heard about the ruin from the passage of soldiers. At this time, Bagration wrote to Arakcheev (and therefore to Alexander) that Smolensk could be saved, that the commander should be changed, since he was leading Napoleon to Moscow.
- Chapter 6. There was war and grief in Russia, but the light of St. Petersburg remained unchanged. There was Anna Pavlovna's circle, patriotic, and Helen's circle, pro-French. Vasily Kuragin went to both circles, so sometimes he got confused. He scolded Kutuzov, like many, believing that a decrepit and blind old man would not help victory. But he stopped doing this after he got into favor and became a field marshal.
- Chapter 7 After Smolensk, Napoleon sought battles, but to no avail. Rostov's servant Lavrushka was captured, with whom the emperor decided to talk. The servant did not tremble before Napoleon, it did not matter to him who was in front of him. Lavrushka easily imitated the mood of the interlocutor, therefore, when the emperor said who he was, the servant made a surprised and enthusiastic look.
- Chapter 8. The Bolkonskys were not safe. The old prince was going to stay in the Bald Mountains, and send Marya, Nikolushka and Desalya away. But the daughter did not agree to leave, seeing the state of her father. They sent only Nikolushka and Desalya. My father was secretly glad that he was not alone. But soon he had a stroke. He suffered not only physically, but also mentally, because he wanted to say something to Marya, but could not. It was impossible to take him, there was no hope for recovery. The daughter secretly waited for the death of her father, to her horror. It was dangerous to stay, I had to carry the prince. Just before leaving, he called Marya and spoke kind words to her. The daughter repented that she wished him dead. She ran out into the street, soon they came for her - the prince died.
- Chapter 9 In Bogucharovo, where the Bolkonskys were located, the peasants differed from the Lysogorsk ones. The old prince did not like them for their savagery, and they had relations with the French during the war. Alpatych helped Marya to leave, for this he asked the headman Bogucharov Dron for horses for the departure of the princess and the people, whom he did not want to find. In the end, the headman admitted that the peasants did not want to leave, and he could not do anything. Alpatych wants to give his horses to Marya.
- Chapter 10. Marya is upset because of the death of her father, she feels guilty because she secretly wished for his death. Bourienne came, began to comfort her and said that it was better not to leave, because the French promised patronage, but it was not known what to expect from the peasants. When Marya heard about "mercy" and "protection", Marya became angry and began to arrange the departure. Calling Dron, she learned that the horses could not be found. The princess was not angry, but wanted to help the peasants. The headman asks for a better release from his duties.
- Chapter 11. The men came to Mary. They refuse bread, considering it a ransom for the ruin of their homes. The princess is upset.
- Chapter 12. Mary does not sleep at night. She remembers her father, his last days, how he wanted to talk to her, but could not. The thoughts frighten her.
- Chapter 13. Rostov and his friend Ilyin (their relationship was the same as Nikolai had with Denisov before, but here Rostov was the eldest) are passing through Bogucharovo. Alpatych and Dunyasha go out to meet them, they say that Marya cannot leave. Dron finally abandoned his duties and joined the peasants who did not want to let the princess out, but were going to hand her over to the French in order to earn their patronage. Hearing from Marya about her misadventures, seeing her meek face and unfortunate situation, Rostov was imbued with sympathy for her. He will help her.
- Chapter 14. There is excitement among the peasants about the arrival of the hussars. Dron expresses the idea that the Russian military will be offended that Marya will not be released. On this statement, he received an accusation of his past sins and abuses of office (“the world ate at a meal”), they did not listen to him. Rostov got angry at the arbitrariness of the peasants and, having tied up the instigators of the riot, quickly put things in order. Mary was collected. The princess thanks Nikolai, plunging him into embarrassment. Later, the girl realizes that she fell in love with him, but hardly mutually. She herself made a pleasant impression on Rostov, but he promised Sonya his heart.
- Chapter 15. When Kutuzov became commander in chief, he summoned Bolkonsky to him. While waiting for the commander-in-chief, Andrei meets Denisov, who claims that a guerrilla war is needed. Noticing Bolkonsky, Kutuzov calls him to him, but Denisov can no longer wait, he sets out a plan for a guerrilla war. Watching this great man, who began to consider the plans, Andrey realized that he sees something inaccessible to the rest, he has some kind of his own method, with the help of which this flabby old man understands what needs to be done. Others cannot understand.
- Chapter 16. Kutuzov is imbued with Andrey's grief. He decided to keep Bolkonsky with him. But he refuses, he likes to command the regiment. The Commander-in-Chief regrets this, sensible people are needed. And in war you need patience and time. After a conversation with Kutuzov, Andrei came out reassured about the outcome of the war, since he could not do much harm, because he knew how not to interfere with the inevitable course of events.
- Chapter 17 Moscow society looked frivolously at the approach of the French. Everyone laughed at the enemy. There was a surge of patriotism, in secular circles fines were paid for the French language and turns of speech. Pierre is also present at Julie's party. He posted a regiment of militias, which brings a lot of trouble. Pierre defends Natasha Rostova, about whom they say that she has become prettier, despite life's collisions. He also learns about the arrival of Marya and her rescue.
- Chapter 18. Pierre cannot decide whether to go to war. One of his cousins, princesses, comes to Bezukhov. She persuades to leave Moscow. Pierre nevertheless remained in Moscow, and the relative left. Seeing the popular execution of the French chef, the hero finally decided to leave. At the same time, he felt that he had to do something and sacrifice something.
- Chapter 19. Both sides were not ready for the battle of Borodino, it harmed both. Why did you have to fight? It's just that the laws of history are inevitable and do not depend on people, and this general battle is a series of accidents.
- Chapter 20. Pierre left Mozhaisk on the eve of the Battle of Borodino. His noble appearance was absurd and amusing. He rode next to the convoy of the wounded, who were sure that there would be a serious battle for Moscow, all the people would fight.
- Chapter 21. Pierre looks at the future battlefield. Officers nearby explain the position to him. A church procession appears, an icon is brought to the soldiers. Kutuzov was the first to approach her after the prayer service, just touring the troops.
- Chapter 22 Pierre meets Boris Drubetskoy. He promises to show the troops and take Andrei Bolkonsky to the regiment. Boris was under Benigsen, who was hostile to Kutuzov. Acquaintances approached Pierre, everyone was excited, but no longer by the future battle, but by the upcoming privileges for themselves. Kutuzov notices Bezukhov, he is affectionate with him.
- Chapter 23 Bennigsen with his retinue went to look at the positions, Pierre went with them. The military moved the troops to the height without telling anyone, although they were in ambush.
- Chapter 24. Andrew lay and thought. He gave all the orders, it remains only to wait. He thinks how fleeting all his past interests are, how all this can disappear and change in an instant. Here comes Pierre.
- Chapter 25. Friends began to drink tea with regimental officers. Discussing the appointment of Kutuzov. Bolkonsky and the officers consider him a better option than Barclay de Tolly, who did everything according to science, but is unsuitable for Russian life. In a war on your own land, you need your own commander-in-chief. And the art of the commander does not play a role, since war is a series of accidents. Andrei believes that tomorrow's battle will be won. Bolkonsky also adds that one should not be generous with the enemy, since war is not a game, but the most disgusting thing in the world. Pierre sees the difference in their thoughts and realizes that they saw each other for the last time. Night is falling, it's time to sleep before the fight.
- Chapter 26 Napoleon is busy with the usual things: morning toilet, talking with servants and military leaders. Everything is ordinary for him, he is going to win the battle and take Moscow. He writes a letter to the army, which should raise morale.
- Chapter 27 Napoleon surveyed the area and discussed the battle plan. When he returned, he wrote a disposition, rather obscure, confused and impossible to perform. After the start of the battle, Napoleon intended to give orders according to the situation, but this is also unrealistic, since he was too far from the fighting.
- Chapter 28. The course of the battle was not controlled by Napoleon, but by the people and chance. It only seemed to the emperor that he was at the helm. But in fact, his disposition (which was even better than others) was not carried out, everything went as it should be.
- Chapter 29 After Napoleon gave all the orders, he began to rest. Because of a cold, he could not sleep, the emperor was bored, because he gave all the orders, there was nothing more to do.
- Chapter 30. Pierre almost overslept the battle. But still managed. He was struck by the beauty of the Borodino field. He went to the crossing.
- Chapter 31 Bezukhov, without knowing it, got to the front line, to the battery. He smiles at everyone, embraced by inner warmth, a national feeling, and gets in the way. Later, Pierre went to look at Bagration's flank from the mound. The soldiers soon got used to Bezukhov. During shelling and their own shots, they joke and talk. Fire flared up, the heat of battle. It was getting hotter, Pierre was no longer noticed. He went for shells with a soldier, but he was covered with a shot, but he was not wounded or killed.
- Chapter 32. Bezukhov ran to the battery, but the French were already there. One of the soldiers almost took Pierre prisoner, but they were interrupted by shelling. The hero ran. The battery was cut off. Pierre was horrified and expected the same from the soldiers. But it only got worse there.
- Chapter 33 Napoleon watched the battle from afar, so his course was incomprehensible to him. Orders did not have time to reach the troops. Marshals and generals, in fact, also did not influence anything. But the soldiers went ahead or fled on their own, depending on the circumstances.
- Chapter 34. There were fewer and fewer people, and the French did not win. Despite the tactical and resource weakness of the Russians, all of them cannot be broken. Napoleon anticipates defeat. The whole Russian campaign was strange and unsuitable for the military art of the emperor.
- Chapter 35. Kutuzov, on the other hand, sat in one place and waited. He confirmed the orders, was sure of victory. During dinner, Wolzogen talks about the disordered state of the troops, but the commander-in-chief believes in the army.
- Chapter 36 Bolkonsky's regiment was in reserve, but it was constantly fired upon. Andrei went back and forth, because everything was done without him. Suddenly, a grenade fell near him. He was numb and scared. But the grenade did not explode, and Bolkonsky was already delighted, but too early. The prince was badly wounded.
- Chapter 37. Andrei was brought to the doctors' tent. On the next table, a Tatar was being cut with something on his back. Andrei himself underwent an operation, during which he lost consciousness from pain. And then Bolkonsky realized that on the next table was Anatole Kuragin, whose leg had been cut off. And Andrew forgave him, forgave all people and was filled with mercy.
- Chapter 38 Napoleon now also sat and waited, creating in his imagination an artificial world of his greatness. And the Russians were all standing.
- Chapter 39 The people were already exhausted. Anyone could have won, but both sides were too exhausted. The battle of Borodino broke the French army.
- Chapter 1. The movements of mankind are continuous, therefore, in order to understand history, one must proceed from the homogeneous attraction of people. History is changed not by a few people, but by the masses.
- Chapter 2 The French army invaded Russia with great force. As the Russian troops retreated, they accumulated irritation and strength. It was impossible to give a battle, but they gave it. And it was impossible not to surrender Moscow. The Commander-in-Chief is in the middle of events, therefore he acts in relation to all circumstances that we, who discuss the course of history, do not see.
- Chapter 3. A military council was being prepared in Fili. Kutuzov understood, heard from the conversations of military leaders that there was no way to defend Moscow. But giving the order to leave her is scary.
- Chapter 4. The council was in a peasant's hut. Kutuzov caressed the girl Malasha, and she was inwardly worried about him all the advice. Bennigsen said that Moscow must be fought for. Kutuzov objected that it could be saved only at the cost of losing the army. There were long debates.
- Chapter 5. They left Moscow because it was impossible to live under the command of the French. And Rostopchin shamed such people, although he did not think about Moscow, but wanted to play the hero himself.
- Chapter 6 In St. Petersburg, Helen was under the patronage of a nobleman, and in Vilna she became close to the prince. Upon returning to St. Petersburg, they both met. When the prince began to reproach her, she demanded marriage from him. For this woman became interested in Catholicism. At the same time, she began to learn how to get a divorce.
- Chapter 7 In society, Helen began to prepare her divorce. She began to honestly tell that a prince and a nobleman were making an offer to her, and she did not know whom to choose. And in the light it was supported by the majority. Helen herself thought that Pierre also loved her, did not know how to persuade him to divorce. She wrote a letter to her husband, it was brought when he was in battle.
- Chapter 8. Together with the soldiers, Pierre left the Borodino field. He was amazed. The soldiers took care of him: fed him and helped him find his own.
- Chapter 9. When Pierre lay down in some city, he again remembered the battle, the rumble of guns, his fear and the firmness of the soldiers. In a dream, he wanted to be a soldier, to find this simplicity and purity. In the morning he went on foot through the city and reached Moscow with a friend, on the way he learned about the fate of Anatole and Andrey.
- Chapter 10 Rostopchin calls Pierre to him. The adjutant tells Bezukhov that there are rumors about Helen and that some young man is on trial for writing a proclamation.
- Chapter 11 Rostopchin advises Bezukhov to leave and stop relations with the Masons. But Pierre's thoughts are busy with other things.
- Chapter 12. The Rostovs were in Moscow almost before the entry of the French. The countess was worried that Petya was at war, she needed him to return, the rest annoyed her. Petya arrived, but behaved coldly with his mother so as not to get offended. He most often spent time with Natasha. Only Sonya was really involved in the departure, but she was busy thinking about the meeting of Nikolai and Marya Bolkonskaya, their marriage was a boon for all the Rostovs, because Marya is a rich heiress.
- Chapter 13. Natasha tried to get down to business, but could not. At this time, they came to ask to place the wounded in their house. Rostov agrees. At this time, the count arrives: it is necessary to go tomorrow.
- Chapter 14. After dinner, the Rostovs began to pack up. The Count was especially disturbing. But Natasha actively set to work. She really began to help, deftly laying carpets and dishes. The matter was arguing, but they did not have time to put it to bed before nightfall. They'll go in the morning. And at this time they brought a seriously wounded - Andrei Bolkonsky.
- Chapter 15. They came to the Rostovs to ask for carts for the wounded. The butler disagreed. But when they turned to Count Rostov, he agreed. The Countess did not like the fact that they take things off and give carts to the wounded.
- Chapter 16. Berg arrived, asking for help with getting a "chiffonier and a toilet" for Vera. Having learned from Petya that his mother feels sorry for the cart for the wounded, Natasha forces them to help. She filmed as many things as possible. And Sonya, at the request of the countess, tried to take as much as possible and leave everything in order.
- Chapter 17. Sonya found out that Bolkonsky was traveling with them and that he was dying. He and the countess decided not to tell Natasha. Finally, everyone packed up and left. Natasha noticed Pierre and called to her. They said goodbye in a friendly way. Bezukhov remains in Moscow.
- Chapter 18 Pierre ran away from home and lived in the apartment of the deceased freemason Joseph Alekseevich. He sorted through the papers of the deceased and thought.
- Chapter 19. The order was given for the retreat of the troops through Moscow. The very next day, Napoleon was looking at the city from Poklonnaya Hill. The emperor believed that Moscow (and Russia) was at his feet. Napoleon waits in vain for envoys from Moscow to negotiate the surrender of the city. However, they all left.
- Chapter 20. Many people left Moscow, it became like a beehive without a queen. Napoleon was surprised.
- Chapter 21 The retreating troops carried away the inhabitants. Merchants open their shops.
- Chapter 22 The Rostovs are also empty. A relative of the Rostovs came and asked for money. The remaining Mavra Kuzminichna (housekeeper) gives him 25 rubles.
- Chapter 23. There is a fight in a Moscow tavern. The people are worried. They read Rastopchin's appeal, which is stupid in the current circumstances.
- Chapter 24. Rastopchin until the last did not admit to the inhabitants that Moscow would be surrendered. He had to take out everything of value, but he handed out his posters and weapons. Regarding state institutions, Rostopchin does not give suitable orders, defiantly disclaiming responsibility.
- Chapter 25. The crowd is going to go to the French on the appeals of Rostopchin, it is dangerous. He goes out to people. Rastopchin accuses Vereshchagin of leaving Moscow and gives the "traitor" to the crowd, while he himself went to a country house. On the way I met a madman. Rastopchin stumbled upon the retreating army. Kutuzov was also there, whom he accused of leaving Moscow.
- Chapter 26. French troops entered Moscow. They entered the city as an army, and they had to leave the city as vandals, who ruined themselves with the loot. Moscow sucked in the enemy, so the fire in it was natural.
- Chapter 27 Pierre left home to hide from the need to dispose. At the apartment of Joseph Alekseevich, Masonic prophecies and his own theory about the connection between Napoleon's name and his own came to his mind. Bezukhov decided to meet the emperor and kill him. He was in a state close to insanity. Once, the drunken brother of the late Makar Alekseevich entered Pierre and began to behave violently, intending to fight Bonaparte. He was knitted. Here come the French.
- Chapter 28. A soldier and an officer entered. Makar Alekseevich tried to shoot at them, but Pierre did not let them. After that, he began to convince not to exact from the drunk. Makar Alekseevich was forgiven.
- Chapter 29. The French officer, whose name was Rambal, did not let Pierre go. They had lunch and told each other stories from their lives. Bezukhov even spoke about Natasha.
- Chapter 30 A fire broke out in Moscow. It was visible from the Rostovs' train (they were driving very slowly). The servants look at the glow and talk about the fire.
- Chapter 31 Upon learning of the fire, the old count and Sonya came out. The Countess and Natasha remained in the room. The mother was crying, and the daughter was in prostration. This began with her from the time Sonya reported about Prince Andrei. She is persuaded to go to bed, she agrees, doing everything mechanically. The heroine lies down on the edge and, after waiting for everyone to fall asleep, she left to see Bolkonsky. Andrey was still the same, except for his inflamed face and thin neck, he smiled and held out his hand to her.
- Chapter 32 Prince Andrei was supposed to die on the way from inflammation in the intestines and fever. However, he felt better, but this only briefly delayed the painful death. Bolkonsky asks Timokhin to get the Gospel. Andrei lay and thought. His thoughts were clear, but they acted outside of his will. He thinks about love for his neighbor, about God, life and death. Then he notices Natasha. At first he thinks that he sees only in delirium, then he realizes that she is real and feels “pure Divine love” for her. Andrew forgave her. From that day on, Rostova began to look after Bolkonsky.
- Chapter 33 Pierre woke up with pain in his body, but with thoughts about the future assassination of Napoleon. On the street, his figure aroused everyone's surprise. Bezukhov gave himself up to his plan and did not understand what was happening around him. He did not go towards Napoleon, but towards the fire. Suddenly he heard a woman crying: her daughter was left in a burning house. He, accompanied by a maid, went to save her. The houses were robbed by soldiers, they pointed out that the child was in the garden. Pierre took the girl and began to return.
- Chapter 34 The girl's family has gone somewhere. Asking about them, Bezukhov watched the French pester the Armenian family - an old man, an old woman and a girl. He began to defend them, they tied him up and put him in custody.
