Goals and objectives of the lesson:
- Continue studying the lyrics of Nikolai Zabolotsky.
- Analyzing the poem “Morning Song”, determine the features of the worldview of its lyrical hero.
- Understanding the ideological and artistic content of the poem “Morning Song”.
- To trace the connection between N. Zabolotsky’s work and the traditions of Russian classical poetry and to identify the features of the depiction of nature in the poem “Morning Song”.
Lesson provision: portraits of poets, texts of works of art.
In the previous lesson, students receive homework:
- It is expressive to read N. Zabolotsky’s poem “Morning Song”.
- Pay attention to your emotional feeling when reading a poem.
- Remember how nature is depicted in the poems of Pushkin, Nekrasov, Tyutchev, Fet, Yesenin.
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Organization of the beginning of the lesson.
2. The epigraph of the lesson is written on the board:
The living language of awakened nature
Here he teaches us the basics of language,
And the vaults of words stand like the vaults of towers,
And thought flows like a mountain river.
N. Zabolotsky
The teacher talks about the main stages of N. Zabolotsky’s work, if this was not covered in the previous lesson. If this is the 2nd lesson, then it is necessary to remind students of the poet’s passion after 1925 for the works of K. Tsiolkovsky (1931 - 1932 correspondence with him) and the study of F. Engels’ work “Dialectics of Nature”.
4. Brief summary of “Dialectics of Nature” by F. Engels:
Previously, throughout the entire history of mankind, a feeling of disunity with nature clearly passed through, but the time is approaching when people will not only feel, but also recognize their unity with nature, when the opposition of man and nature, spirit and matter will become impossible.
It would, of course, be naive to look for any direct parallels with the work of Engels in the poet’s poems: Zabolotsky did not set himself such illustrative tasks. What he read awakened his own thoughts and imagination.
The influence of Tsiolkovsky’s works, noted by N. Zabolotsky himself, also manifested itself indirectly in his poems. The poet was attracted by the inventor's faith in the inexhaustible creativity of nature, in the variety of transformations.
5. Expressive reading of N. Zabolotsky’s poem “Morning Song”.
(Expressive reading is one of the ways to comprehend the ideological and artistic essence of a lyrical work.)
The mighty day has come. The trees stood up straight
The leaves sighed. In wooden veins
The water started dripping. Square window
It opened over the bright earth,
And everyone who was in the turret came together
Look at the sky full of radiance.
And we also stood at the window.
There was a wife in her spring dress,
And the boy sat in her arms,
All pink and naked and laughing
And full of serene purity,
I looked at the sky where the sun was shining.
And there, below, trees, animals, birds,
Big, strong, furry, alive,
They gathered in a circle and played big guitars,
On pipes, on violins, on bagpipes
Suddenly they started playing a morning song,
Meeting us. And everything around began to sing.
And everything around began to sing so that the goat
And he went to jump around the barn.
And I realized on that golden morning,
That the happiness of humanity is immortal.
The reader (teacher) in the process of performing a work of art remains himself, that is, he does not transform into either the author or the lyrical hero. He conveys to the listener their the feelings evoked in him by this work. These experiences appear in the process of performance analysis of the work. Performance analysis is the reader’s path to the poet; it is the best way to penetrate the structure of a lyrical text (observation of the rhythm, composition of the poem, the system of “key” words).
6. Analysis of the poem.
- What is this poem about?
- The content of the poem is extremely specific and at the same time conditional. The work radiates life, spiritualizing and enlightening the world around us. The reader forgets about the poetic convention of the picture; Together with the author, he admires the radiance of a living, gentle morning.
- Zabolotsky’s nature is not indifferent to man: “...trees, animals, birds... Suddenly they started playing a morning song, Meeting us.”
- Zabolotsky is a poet-philosopher here.
- What do we mean by philosophical lyrics?
- Poems in which the poet talks about the eternal problems of human existence; poems in which the author’s subjective “I” conducts a kind of poetic dialogue with the World - with man, nature, earth, the universe... This poetic dialogue can be considered eternal for Russian poetry.
- (The concept of “philosophical lyrics” was already known to students. At this stage, it is expanded and conceptualized more deeply and more specifically).
- Yuri Seleznev spoke well about this quality of Russian poetry in the article “Poetry of Nature and the Nature of Poetry”: “Cosmism” of Russian poetry manifests itself... in that spiritual state of involvement in the world that is created by the poem as a whole. In a state of spiritual dialogue I am with the World. Such dialogue may be hidden. Most often he is hidden, but his presence is always felt.”
- The question “What is this poem about?” is asked a second time (you can read the poem again).
- About the eternal change of generations, about the inexorable movement of life in which one must take one’s place, fulfill one’s destiny and leave without resentment, feeling oneself as an important, irreplaceable link in that endless chain that stretches from the Past to the Future.
- Through what image is the idea of the connection of times expressed in Zabolotsky’s poem?
- In Zabolotsky, the poetic idea of the connection between times is expressed through the image of a child: “And the boy sat in her arms. All pink and naked, and laughing...
- The poet does not even talk about the fact that he will no longer exist as a person; no, he rather claims the opposite: he will live, he will sing the same morning song. And in this he sees the meaning of his being and action on earth. And in this he sees the immortality of human happiness: “And I realized on that golden morning, That the happiness of mankind is immortal.”
- Native land, beloved woman in a “spring dress.” Deep love of life, spiritual optimism, akin to Pushkin.
7. Brief appeal to the experience of N. Zabolotsky’s predecessors.
- In Pushkin's depiction, nature is autonomous. Pushkin is an objective genius. “Indifferent nature.” Sometimes it accompanies a person, but the poet’s lyrical “I” never dissolves in it. (For analysis you can take the following poems “Bacchanalian Song”, “Autumn”, “Again I Visited...”)
- The second half of the 19th century is determined by the feature that is pantheism. The range of “philosophy of nature” here is determined by the following meta: from “Nature listens to me” (Nekrasov) to “Let me taste destruction, / Mix with the slumbering world” (Tyutchev).
- In Yesenin we will not find a philosophy of nature separate from man. Man is part of living nature. BUT there is a very close connection with the traditions of folk poetry (an abundance of constant epithets “red sun”, “dark night”, mythological images - “pink horse”, etc.) (You can refer to Yesenin’s poem “Green Hairstyle”).
Students come to the conclusion that Zabolotsky’s poetry is consonant with Yesenin’s, but there are no features of folk poetry, elements of folklore.
8. Understanding the ideological and artistic content of the poem.
- Lexical features (there are no vernaculars, like Yesenin’s, the language is literary).
- Emotional coloring (color: morning is the time for bright colors, so color images dominate here, and there are practically no sound images;
“bright land”
“the sky is full of radiance”
“there was a wife in her spring dress”
“and the boy...all pink and naked”
“looked at the sky where the sun was shining”
“that golden morning”).
“Golden morning” is a symbolically sublime definition of morning. Everything here breathes spring, joy, morning, happiness.
- What is the theme of the work?
- Harmonic unity of the human soul with the World.
9.
At the end (as a repetition) of the lesson, you can pay attention to the size of the poem (no rhyme, “blank” verse).
10.
During the lesson, you can use reproductions of landscape paintings, since N. Zabolotsky was fond of painting.
The rooster crows, it's dawn, it's time!
There are battalions of black trees,
There are fir trees like peaks, maples like gunshots,
Their roots are like kingpins, their branches are like rafters,
The winds caress them, the luminaries shine for them.
There are woodpeckers, swinging on a damp oak tree,
They cut you down with their ax in the morning
Moody notes from the book of oak forests,
Tucked short heads into shoulders.
Born of the desert
The sound fluctuates
Blue wavers
There's a spider on a thread.
The air vibrates
Transparent and clean
In the shining stars
The leaf sways.
And the birds, dressed in light helmets,
Sitting on the gate of a forgotten poem,
And the girl plays naked in the river
And looks at the sky, laughing and blinking.
The rooster crows, it's dawn, it's time!
There is a mountain of silver underfoot in the forest.
Analysis of the poem “Morning” by Zabolotsky
Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky is a famous Russian poet. The author is famous for creating the original OBERIU community, as well as for addressing moral and philosophical issues in his works, the form of which he treats very responsibly. In the work “Morning,” the main figure is the lyrical hero, who wants to get rid of everything dark in his soul and life and take a new and bright path.
The poem “Morning” begins with an action that is triggered by a rooster’s song: “the rooster crows, it’s time for dawn.” The poem has a ring form, an expression of the author's thoughts. The hero enters into the nature of military actions, expressed through metaphors, through images of all living things - trees and birds. The motif of the forest is intertwined with the motif of the book: “they are sitting on the gate of a forgotten poem.” The author does not say everything directly, he carefully leads the reader to understanding.
The poet uses various means of artistic expression, epithets: black trees, oak cheese, gloomy notes, short heads, blue spider. Metaphors such as: a rooster crows, a mountain of silver, battalions of trees, woodpeckers cutting down. Zabolotsky also uses comparisons: fir trees are like peaks; like maple trees; roots like kingpins; knots like rafters.
The military theme of the poem is not endowed with hostility; on the contrary, through this theme the motif of a wounded soul can be traced. The image of a picture of nature, awakening and renewed, is replaced by the image of a person - a little girl who is alone among natural phenomena, but she laughs and plays, she is one with nature, the text closes with a call, a decisive call to action. With the call with which the poem began: “it’s time.” Only if at the beginning of the poem the hero reflects on why “it’s time,” then at the end of the poem he clearly understands this.
In his work, Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky turned to philosophical and moral motives very often. At the end of the poem “Morning,” the author and the lyrical hero merge into one character filled with inspiration. This poem is an important work for the poet; it is the first one written after a long break. Zabolotsky is the beginning of his hero, who carries all the author’s thoughts through this work, defending himself, but not getting angry, but healing his soul from all the darkness. Walking along a different path, a new path of harmony with oneself.
“Morning” Nikolai Zabolotsky
The rooster crows, it's dawn, it's time!
There are battalions of black trees,
There are fir trees like peaks, maples like gunshots,
Their roots are like kingpins, their branches are like rafters,
The winds caress them, the luminaries shine for them.
There are woodpeckers, swinging on a damp oak tree,
They cut you down with their ax in the morning
Moody notes from the book of oak forests,
Tucked short heads into shoulders.
Born of the desert
The sound fluctuates
Blue wavers
There's a spider on a thread.
The air vibrates
Transparent and clean
In the shining stars
The leaf sways.
And the birds, dressed in light helmets,
Sitting on the gate of a forgotten poem,
And the girl plays naked in the river
And looks at the sky, laughing and blinking.
The rooster crows, it's dawn, it's time!
There is a mountain of silver underfoot in the forest.
Analysis of Zabolotsky’s poem “Morning”
1946 brought long-awaited changes to the author’s fate: he returned from Kazakhstan to the capital. The analyzed text is the first of those that appeared after a long break. The symbolic title of the work conveys the desire of the lyrical “I” to get rid of the dreary “darkness of the soul” and go out to meet the dazzling polyphonic world, amazing with the variety of “earthly objects”.
The sound that motivates the subject of speech to action is the cock's song. The hero intends to go into the forest, and he reinforces his desire with an energetic appeal. What can someone who devotes an early hour to a walk see? The description of the details of the landscape is preceded by a vague metaphor, promising the attentive traveler to see a “mountain of silver” in the grass or on the paths. The imagery of the natural sketch is based on original military semantics. The poet depicts battalions of black trees on which birds in helmets sit. The forest troops are detailed: spruce trees are compared to peaks and maples to gunshots. The roots and branches of trees are likened to parts and mechanisms used in construction or mechanical engineering.
Allegorical constructions based on military-technological themes are devoid of connotations of hostility and do not contrast insensitive mechanical devices with the vulnerable human soul.
Based on the principles by which the image of trees is organized, the structure of the image of birds is also built. The behavior of woodpeckers extracting insects from under the bark reminds the lyrical hero of the craft of a carpenter, quickly and deftly wielding an ax. The goal of the hard work is indicated by a florid allegory: the birds strive to extract music from the “book of oak forests.” In this fragment, another important motif arises: objects of the forest world are identified with the results of literary work - a book, a poem.
The result of the birds' worries is an intermittent, booming knock, which opens the episode, highlighted strophically. Vibrations of web and foliage, sound and air - the variability of the dawn hour is expressed in an energetic short line.
The logical conclusion of the joyful picture of awakening is the image of a playing girl, directing her fearless, laughing gaze straight into the sky.
The author closes the composition of the text with the help of a refrain that confirms the determination of the lyrical hero. In the end, the meaning of the mysterious metaphor acquires clearer boundaries: an early walk promises inspiring discoveries and a surge of creative strength.
