STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

FORGINGS FROM STRUCTURAL
CARBON AND ALLOY STEEL

GENERAL TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

GOST 8479-70

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS
Moscow

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

Resolution of the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated January 15, 1970 No. 59 established the introduction date

from 01.01.71

Decree of the State Standard of June 23, 1986 No. 1671

validity period extended

until 01/01/92

Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to general-purpose forgings with a diameter (thickness) of up to 800 mm from structural carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel, manufactured by forging and hot stamping.

The standard establishes groups of forgings and basic technical requirements for their acceptance and delivery.

The standard does not replace the current standards and technical specifications for certain types of forgings, which are subject to special requirements regarding the production method, surface quality, the use of special types of heat treatment, etc.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Forgings must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to drawings approved in the prescribed manner and regulatory and technical documentation for specific products. Forgings according to the types of tests are divided into groups specified in.

1.2. The assignment of a forging to a particular group is made by the consumer; the group number is indicated in the technical requirements on the part drawing.

3. At the request of the consumer, delivery of forgings must be carried out with additional types of tests not provided for by this standard (testing for flakes, Bauman test, ultrasonic and periscope testing, determination of the magnitude of residual stresses, yield strength at operating temperatures, determination of impact strength at operating and negative temperatures, macro- and microanalysis of steel structure, bend test, determination of grain size, etc.). In this case, the forgings also belong to one of the groups: II, III, IV and V in accordance with Table. 1.

Group of forgings	Types of tests	Batch picking conditions	Delivery characteristics
	No tests	Forgings of the same or different steel grades
	Hardness Determination	Forgings of the same steel grade, subjected to heat treatment together	Hardness
	Hardness Determination	Forgings of the same steel grade, subjected to heat treatment according to the same regime
	1. Tensile test 3. Determination of hardness	Forgings of the same steel heat, subjected to heat treatment together	Yield strength Relative narrowing Impact strength
	1. Tensile test 2. Determination of impact strength 3. Determination of hardness	Each forging is accepted individually	Yield strength Relative narrowing Impact strength

Notes:

1. Excluded.

2. Forgings that have undergone heat treatment together in continuous furnaces are considered to be forgings sequentially loaded into the furnace without breaking.

3. The consumer has the right to prescribe other combinations of acceptance characteristics for forgings of groups IV and V instead of the established ones.

4. It is allowed to determine the hardness of group V forgings on samples for mechanical testing.

The type, scope, standards and methods of additional tests are indicated in the forging drawing or order.

Note: The quality group of forgings based on the results of ultrasonic testing is established in accordance with GOST 24507-80.

1.4.(Deleted, Amendment No. 2).

1.5. The starting material for the manufacture of forgings can be ingots, crimped ingots (blooms), forged or rolled billets, as well as billets from continuous steel casting plants (CCS) and various types of rolled products.

1.6. Forgings are made from carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel and their chemical composition must comply with the requirements of GOST 380-88, GOST 1050-74, GOST 19281-73, GOST 4543-71 and other current standards or technical specifications.

1.7. The dimensions of forgings must take into account allowances for machining, dimensional tolerances and technological allowances for forgings produced by forging on presses in accordance with GOST 7062-79, produced by forging on hammers in accordance with GOST 7829-70 and produced by hot stamping in accordance with GOST 7505-74, as well as allowances for samples for control tests.

For forgings weighing over 100 tons, produced by forging on presses, allowances and allowances are allowed to be established in the regulatory and technical documentation for a specific forging.

1.8.(Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

1.9. Based on their mechanical properties, forgings supplied after final heat treatment are divided into strength categories. Strength categories, the corresponding standards of mechanical properties determined by testing on longitudinal samples, and hardness standards are given in.

Hardness standards for forgings of groups II and III and strength categories for forgings of groups IV and V are established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer. The steel grade is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and is indicated on the drawing of the part and forging.

At the request of the consumer, the tensile strength must be higher than that specified for a given strength category, not more than:

120 MPa (12 kgf/mm 2) at the requireds V less than 600 MPa (60 kgf/mm 2),

150 MPa (15 kgf/mm 2) at the requireds V 600-900 MPa (60-90 kgf/mm 2),

200 MPa (20 kgf/mm 2) at the requireds V more than 900 MPa (90 kgf/mm 2).

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

table 2

Mechanical properties, no less

Brinell hardness (on the surface of forgings)

Yield strength s 0,2

Temporary resistance s IN

Relative extension d 5 , %

Relative narrowing y, %

Impact strength, KCU, J/mm 2 ´ 10 4 (kgf × m/cm 2)

Diameter (thickness) of a solid forging

St. 100 to 300

St. 300 to 500

St. 500 to 800

St. 100 to 300

St. 300 to 500

St. 500 to 800

St. 100 to 300

St. 300 to 500

St. 500 to 800

Hardness number HB

d otp, mm

Notes:

2. (Deleted, Amendment No. 2).

3. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to determine instead of the conditional yield strength ( s 0.2) physical yield strength ( s T) in compliance with the standards for ( s 0.2) specified in .

4. The thickness (diameter) of the forging is taken to be its design cross-section for heat treatment.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

1.10. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, for forgings of groups IV and V, increased standards of plastic properties and impact strength can be assigned compared to those specified in. In this case, an additional letter C (special) is added to the strength category, and the required characteristics are recorded on the drawing of the forging.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

1.11. When determining the mechanical properties of forgings on transverse, tangential or radial samples, it is allowed to reduce the standards of mechanical properties in comparison with those given in the values ​​​​indicated in table. 3.

Table 3

Indicators of mechanical properties	Permissible reduction in mechanical properties standards, %
	for transverse samples	for radial samples	for tangential samples
			forgings with a diameter of up to 300 mm	forgings with diameter St. 300 mm
Yield strength
Tensile strength
Relative extension
Relative narrowing
Impact strength

Note: For ring-type forgings produced by rolling, the standards for mechanical properties obtained by testing tangential samples are established according to the standards for limit samples.

1.12. Examples of symbols

Group I forgings:

Gr. 1 GOST 8479-70.

Forgings of group II (III) with hardness HB 143-179:

Gr. II (III) NV 143-179 GOST 8479-70.

Forgings of group IV (V) with strength category KP 490:

Gr. IV (V) KP 490 GOST 8479-70;

forgings of group IV strength categories KP 490, relative narrowing of at least 50%, impact strength KCU not less than 69 J/m 2 ´ 10 4 (7 kgf/cm 2).

Gr. 1V- KP490S -y ³ 50 - KSU ³ 69 GOST 8479-70.

Forgings of group IV with strength category KP 490, tensile strengths V not less than 655 MPa, relative elongationd 5 not less than 14% and impact strength KCU not less than 64 J/m 2´ 10 4 .

Gr. IV - KP 490 -s V ³ 655 - d 5 ³ 14 – KCU ³ 64 GOST 8479-70.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

1.13. There should be no cracks, forgings, caps, or sand on the surface of the forgings.

On unprocessed surfaces of forgings, dents from scale and nicks are allowed, as well as shallow cutting or cleaning of defects, provided that the depth of these defects does not exceed the limits of the smallest permissible dimensions of forgings according to GOST 7062-79 or according to regulatory and technical documentation - for forgings weighing over 100 T.

Defects are not allowed on the surfaces of forgings subjected to embossing.

On the processed surfaces of forgings, individual defects are allowed without removal if their depth, determined by control cutting or cleaning, does not exceed 75% of the actual one-sided machining allowance for forgings produced by forging, and 50% for forgings produced by stamping.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

1.14. On forgings made of carbon and low-carbon steel, with the depth of surface defects exceeding the actual one-sided allowance for machining, it is allowed to remove the defects by flat cutting followed by welding.

The permissible welding depth must be agreed with the consumer.

1.15. Forgings should not have flakes, cracks, or shrinkage looseness, the absence of which is guaranteed by the manufacturer.

Forgings in which the above defects are found are rejected, and all other forgings of a given batch can be recognized as suitable only after individual inspection.

1.14; 1.15 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.16. The heat treatment regime is set by the manufacturer.

Forgings are subjected to heat treatment in rough form and (or) after preliminary mechanical treatment (grinding, drilling, etc.). By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, forgings may only be subjected to preliminary heat treatment. Group I forgings may not be subjected to heat treatment.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

1.17. Forgings that have been straightened in a cold or heated state after heat treatment must be subjected to tempering to relieve internal stresses.

Forgings of groups I, II and III can be supplied without subsequent tempering if the manufacturer guarantees the required properties after straightening.

1.18. By agreement of the parties, forgings are subjected to descaling.

The cleaning method is specified in the drawing or order conditions.

1.19. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

1.20. The mass of forgings, determined according to GOST 7062-79, should not exceed the calculated mass determined by the largest dimensions of the forging (taking into account the positive deviation for external dimensions and the negative deviation for internal dimensions and cavities).

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2, 3).

2. TEST METHODS

2.1. The batches are completed by the manufacturer from forgings manufactured according to one drawing. The conditions for completing the batch are given in.

It is allowed to combine into batches forgings made from the same grade of steel according to different drawings, similar in configuration and size.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.2. Each forging must be subjected to external inspection without the use of magnifying devices, unless the terms of the order provide for another inspection method.

2.3. For each group of forgings, with the exception of group I, the volume of mandatory tests specified in table is established. 4.

Table 4

Group of forgings	Types of tests	Number of forgings per batch to be tested
	No tests
	Hardness Determination	5% of the lot, but not less than 5 pcs.
	Hardness Determination
	1. Tensile test 2. Determination of impact strength		Up to 100 pcs. - 2 pcs., St. 100 pieces. - 1%, but not less than 2 pcs. (forgings with lower and upper hardness limits)
	3. Determination of hardness
	1. Tensile test 2. Determination of impact strength 3. Determination of hardness

Notes:

1. The number of group II forgings to be tested can be increased by agreement with the consumer.

2. For forgings of group IV, it is allowed to determine the mechanical properties of forgings not with lower and upper limits of hardness, but with hardness standards that are within specified strength categories. In this case, hardness is an additional acceptance characteristic.

3. For forgings of group IV, it is allowed to determine the mechanical properties on one forging with the number of forgings in a batch of up to 20 pieces, if the difference in the hardness prints of the entire batch does not exceed 0.30 mm for KP 18 - KP45 and 0.20 mm for KP 50 – KP 80.

4. The scope of inspection of forgings supplied after preliminary heat treatment is indicated in the forging drawing.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2, 3).

2.4. Sampling to determine the chemical composition of the metal of forgings is carried out in accordance with GOST 7565-81.

2.5. Chemical analysis of forging metal is carried out according to GOST 22536.0-87, GOST 22536.1-77, GOST 22536.2-87, GOST 22536.3-77, GOST 22536.4-77, GOST 22536.5-87, GOST 22536.6-77, GOST 22536.7-77, G OST 22536.8-87 GOST 22536.9-77, GOST 22536.10-77, GOST 22536.11-87, GOST 22536.12-77, GOST 22536.13-77, GOST 12344-78, GOST 12345-80, GOST 12346-78, GOST 12347-77, GOST 12348-78, GOST 12349-83, GOST 12350-78, GOST 12351-81, GOST 12352-81, GOST 12353-78, GOST 12354-81, GOST 12355-78, GOST 12356-81, GOST 12357-84, GOST 12358-82, GOST 12359-81, GOST 12360-82, GOST 12361-82, GOST 12362-79, GOST 12363-79, GOST 12364-84, GOST 12365-84, GOST 18895-81.

When making forgings from metal smelted by the manufacturer, the chemical composition of the steel is determined by heat analysis of a ladle sample.

When producing forgings from rolled products and ingots, the steel grade and chemical composition are established by a document on the quality of the metal manufacturer.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

2.6. The mechanical properties of forgings are determined on longitudinal, transverse, tangential or radial samples. The type of sample, if it is not indicated in the part drawing, is established by the manufacturer.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

2.7. Samples for determining the mechanical properties of forgings of group V are cut from laps left on each forging, and samples of group IV are cut from laps left on samples or from the body of the forging, for which an additional number of forgings are made.

It is allowed to cut samples for mechanical testing of group IV forgings from a sample of the same or larger cross-section, separately forged from metal of the same heat and according to a regime similar to that for forgings.

In this case, the sample must undergo all heating, including forging or stamping, and also, simultaneously with the forgings of a given batch, heat treatment.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

2.8. The shape, dimensions and location of the test tap are determined by the drawing of the forging.

The size of the sample overlap must be sufficient to produce all required samples.

When producing one forging from an ingot, the sample overlap should be from the profitable part.

On forgings such as shafts and shells with a length of over 3 m, with appropriate indication on the forging drawing, an inlet to the samples must be provided at both ends.

2.9. The sample tapping from forgings made of alloy steel should be separated using a cold method, and from forgings made of carbon and low-alloy steel - at the discretion of the manufacturer.

2.10. Samples for mechanical testing are not allowed to be subjected to additional heat treatment or any heating.

2.11. When manufacturing several parts from one forging, one sample is taken, based on the test results of which all parts manufactured from this forging are accepted.

2.12. Samples for mechanical testing of cylindrical and prismatic forgings are cut from the lap or from the body of the forging so that their axis is at a distance of 1/3 of the radius or 1/6 of the diagonal from the outer surface of the forging.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

2.13. When cutting samples from hollow or drilled forgings with a wall thickness of up to 100 mm, the samples are cut so that their axis is at a distance of 1/2 of the forging wall thickness, and for thicknesses over 100 mm - at a distance of 1/3 of the forging wall thickness from the outer surface .

When making transverse or tangential samples, their axis must be at the same distance as for longitudinal samples.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 3).

2.14. The place for cutting samples from non-cylindrical and non-prismatic forgings in the absence of corresponding instructions on the part drawing is established by the manufacturer.

2.15. Sample blanks can be taken from forgings (not laps) by cutting with a core drill or by cutting out the forgings by machining them.

2.16. The number of samples for mechanical testing from each sample should be: one for tensile testing, two for impact strength.

2.17. The production of samples and tensile testing are carried out in accordance with GOST 1497-84 on samples of five times the length with a diameter of the calculated part of 10 mm.

It is allowed to use samples of five times the length with a diameter of the calculated part of 6 or 5 mm.

2.18. Sample production and impact strength testing are carried out in accordance with GOST 9454-78 on type 1 samples.

2.19. Brinell hardness is determined according to GOST 9012-59. If it is impossible to carry out testing on a Brinell device, it is allowed to determine hardness using other devices that ensure accuracy± 10% of the HB hardness number.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

2.20. If unsatisfactory results of mechanical tests are obtained for at least one of the indicators, repeated tests are carried out on a double number of samples taken from the same batch of forgings.

If, after repeated testing, positive indicators are obtained, the entire batch of forgings is considered acceptable.

If, after repeated testing, at least one of the samples gives unsatisfactory performance, the batch of forgings may be subjected to repeated heat treatment.

2.21. The number of repeated heat treatments should not be more than two.

Additional tempering is not considered heat treatment and the number of temperings is not limited. After each heat treatment or additional tempering, a batch of forgings is tested as if presented again.

The third heat treatment in the form of improvement is allowed on large forgings in cases where normalization with tempering does not provide the required mechanical properties.

2.20, 2.21. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.22. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

2.23. For control testing by the consumer of the quality of workpieces and their compliance with the requirements of this standard, the sampling rules and test methods specified above must be applied.

3. MARKING, TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE

3.1. The marking location is indicated on the forging drawing. The marking must be clear and contain the information specified in the table. 5.

Table 5

Group number	Type of marking
	Stamp of the technical control department	Part drawing number	Heat number or steel grade	Forging number
	Indicated	Indicated
			Indicated
				Indicated

Note: The type of marking of stamped forgings is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

3.2. For forgings weighing up to 10 kg, batch marking on a tag is allowed.

3.3. Each batch of forgings or forgings accepted by technical control is accompanied by a quality document, which indicates:

name or trademark of the manufacturer;

Order number;

number of forgings in a batch and their weight (for group V - forging number);

drawing number;

steel grade and designation of standard or technical specifications;

chemical composition;

heat number;

group of forgings;

type of heat treatment;

test results provided for by this standard;

results of additional tests provided for in the forging drawing or order conditions.

Note: The content of accompanying documents for forgings produced by die forging is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer.

3.2; 3.3. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

3.4. Forgings must be stored in dry, closed warehouses.

It is allowed to store forgings under a canopy or on trestles.

3.5. (Deleted, Amendment No. 2). St3*, St15ХМ*, 20*, 25*, 30*, St5*, 15Х*, 20Х*, 12Х1МФ*

St5*, 25*, 30*, 35*, 20Х*, 22К*

St5*, 30*, 35*, 22K*

KP215
(22)

20*, 25*, 10G2*, 20Х*, 15ХМ*, 12Х1МФ*

20*, 25*, St5*, 30*, 35*, 20Х*, 15ХМ*, 10Г2*, 22К*, 16ГС*, 12Х1МФ*

30*, 35*, 40*, 10G2*, 22K*, 12Х1МФ*

30*, 35*, 40*, 22K*, 1ХГ2*, 12Х1МФ*

KP245
(25)

25*, 30*, 35*, St5*, 20Х*, 12ХМ*, 15ХМ*, 20ГС*

20, 30*, 35*, 40*, 45*, 20Х, 12ХМ*, 15ХМ*, 16ГС*, 20ГС*, 12Х1МФ*

30*, 35*, 40*, 45*, 40, 25GS*, 35XM*, 12Х1МФ*

45*, 25GS*, 40X*, 35XM*

KP275
(28)

35*, 40*, 45*, 20Х, 25ГС*, 15ХМ*

25, 35, 40*, 45*, 50*, 20Х, 25ГС*, 12ХМ*, 15ХМ*, 35Г2*, 35XM*, 34XM (34XMA)

40, 45, 40X*, 25GS*, 15ХМ*, 35XM*, 34XM (34XMA)

40, 40X, 25GSA, 15Х1М1Ф

KP315
(32)

35, 45* 50*, 40X*, 45X*, 15ХМ*, 50Г2*, 35XM*, 34XM (34XMA)

40, 45, 40X*, 55*, 50G2*, 35XM*, 40ХН*, 20Х, 34XM (34XMA)

45, 45X*, 40X, 40ХН*, 38ХГН, 34ХН1М

40X, 45X*, 45X, 40ХН, 38ГН*

KP345
(35)

40, 45, 15Х, 40X*, 50Г2*, 45X*, 50Х*, 15ХМ*, 35XM*, 3.8ХГН*

45, 15ХМ, 20Х, 40X, 45X*, 50Х*, 50Г2*

40X, 45X*, 40ХН, 50Х*, 38ХГН

45X, 50Х, 38ХГН, 35XM, 15Х1М1Ф, 34XM (34XMA)

KP395
(40)

45, 30Х, 40X, 50Г2*, 15ХМ, 30ХМА, 40ХН, 30ХГС*, 34ХН1М*, 18ХГТ

35Х, 40X, 45X, 34XM, 35XM, 40ХФА, 40ХН, 38ХГН, 15Х1М1Ф, 34ХН1М*, 34XM (34XMA)

40X, 45X, 40ХН, 35XM, 38ХГН, 40ХФА, 34XM (34XMA)

40ХН, 35XM, 38ХГН, 34XM (34XMA)

KP440
(45)

40X, 35XM, 40ХН, 38ХГН, 25Х1М1Ф*, 34ХН1М, 30ХМА, 15ХМ

40X, 45X, 35XM, 40ХН, 30ХМА, 35ХМА, 25Х1М1Ф*, 34ХН1М, 45ХНМ*, 34XM (34XMA)

45X, 35XM, 40ХН, 34ХН1М, 38ХГН, 45ХНМ, 34XM (34XMA)

40ХН, 34ХН1М, 45ХНМ*, 38Х2Н2МА, 40ХН2МА

KP490
(50)

55, 55Х, 35Х, 40X, 45X, 15ХМ, 35XM, 30ХГСА, 30ХМА, 38ХМ, 38ХГН, 40ХН, 25Х1МФ

40X, 45X, 35XM, 40HFA, 40HN, 30HGSA, 35HGSA, 38HGN, 25H2M1F*, 25H1M1F, 20H1M1F1TR, 34HN1M, 30HN2MFA, 45HNM*, 34XM (34XMA)

34ХН1М, 30ХН2МFA, 40ХН2МА, 45ХНМ

34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА

KP540
(55)

38ХС, 40ХН, 40ХФА, 38ХГН, 34ХН1М, 25Х1М1Ф, 30ХГСА

45X, 50Х, 35ХН, 40ХН, 30ХНМА, 40ХFA, 35ХГСА, 38ХГН, 34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА

34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА

KP590
(60)

45X, 38ХС, 38ХГ, 35ХГСА, 35XM, 40ХН, 45ХН, 38ХГН, 30ХН3А, 25Х1МФ, 30ХГСА

50Х, 34ХНМА, 40ХН, 25Х1М1Ф, 38Х2МУА, 35ХНМА, 3ОХГСА, 34ХН1М, 20Х1М1Ф1ТР, 25Х2М1Ф, 40ХН2МА, 34Х1МА, 45ХНМ

34ХН1М, 40Х2Н2МА, 45ХНМ

40ХН2МА, 45ХНМ

KP640
(65)

45X, 50Х, 45ХН, ЗОХГСА, 35ХГСА, 34ХН1М

34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА, 34ХН3М*

34ХН3М, 38ХН3МА, 40ХН2МА, 40Х2Н2МА

38ХН3МА, 38ХН3МФА, 34ХН3М 35ХН1М2ФА, 36Х2Н2МFA

KP685
(70)

30ХГТ, 30ХГСА, 20ХН3А, 20Х1М1Ф1ТР, 20ХН3А, 25Х2М1Ф*, 34ХН1М, 34ХН3М*

50KhFA, 25Kh1MlF, 25Kh2MF1, 34KhN3M*, 34KhN1M, 38KhN3MA* 38KhN3MFA*, 40KhN2MA

34ХН3М*, 38ХН3МА*, 38ХН3МВА*, 38ХН2МА, 18Х2Н4МА, 45ХНМ

38KhN3MA, 38KhN3MFA, 34KhN3M, 36Kh2N2MFA

KP735
(75)

34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА, 34ХН3М*, 40Х2Н2МА, 38Х2Н2МА

34ХН3М*, 40ХН2МА, 38ХН3МА*, 38ХН3МВА*, 18Х2Н4МА

34ХН3М, 38ХН3МА, 36Х2Н2МФА

34ХН3М, 38ХН3МФА

KP785
(80)

18Kh2N4VA, 38KhN3MFA*. 34ХН3МА*, 38Х2Н2МА, 40ХН2МА

34ХН1МА, 34ХН3МА, 36Х2Н2МВА, 38ХН3МВА, 40ХН2МА, 38Х2Н2М

34KhN3MA, 38KhN3MFA, 38KhN3MA, 36Kh2N2MFA

Note: The “*” sign means that the steel is in a normalized state; in other steel grades, the corresponding strength category is ensured by quenching and tempering.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1,2, 3).



STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

FORGINGS FROM STRUCTURAL
CARBON AND ALLOY STEEL

GENERAL TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

GOST 8479-70

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS
Moscow

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

Resolution of the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated January 15, 1970 No. 59 established the introduction date

from 01.01.71

Decree of the State Standard of June 23, 1986 No. 1671

validity period extended

until 01/01/92

Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to general-purpose forgings with a diameter (thickness) of up to 800 mm from structural carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel, manufactured by forging and hot stamping.

The standard establishes groups of forgings and basic technical requirements for their acceptance and delivery.

The standard does not replace the current standards and technical specifications for certain types of forgings, which are subject to special requirements regarding the production method, surface quality, the use of special types of heat treatment, etc.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Forgings must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to drawings approved in the prescribed manner and regulatory and technical documentation for specific products. According to the types of tests, forgings are divided into groups indicated in Table. 1.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

1.2. The assignment of a forging to a particular group is made by the consumer; the group number is indicated in the technical requirements on the part drawing.

3. At the request of the consumer, delivery of forgings must be carried out with additional types of tests not provided for by this standard (testing for flakes, Bauman test, ultrasonic and periscope testing, determination of the magnitude of residual stresses, yield strength at operating temperatures, determination of impact strength at operating and negative temperatures, macro- and microanalysis of steel structure, bend test, determination of grain size, etc.). In this case, the forgings also belong to one of the groups: II, III, IV and V in accordance with Table. 1.

Table 1

Group of forgings	Types of tests	Batch picking conditions	Delivery characteristics
	No tests	Forgings of the same or different steel grades
	Hardness Determination	Forgings of the same steel grade that have undergone heat treatment together	Hardness
	Hardness Determination	Forgings of the same steel grade, subjected to heat treatment according to the same regime
	1. Tensile test 3. Determination of hardness	Forgings of the same steel heat, subjected to heat treatment together	Yield strength Relative narrowing Impact strength
	1. Tensile test 2. Determination of impact strength 3. Determination of hardness	Each forging is accepted individually	Yield strength Relative narrowing Impact strength

Notes:

1. Excluded.

2. Forgings that have undergone heat treatment together in continuous furnaces are considered to be forgings sequentially loaded into the furnace without breaking.

3. The consumer has the right to prescribe other combinations of acceptance characteristics for forgings of groups IV and V instead of those established in the table. 1.

4. It is allowed to determine the hardness of group V forgings on samples for mechanical testing.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

The type, scope, standards and methods of additional tests are indicated in the forging drawing or order.

Note. The quality group of forgings based on the results of ultrasonic testing is established in accordance with GOST 24507-80.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 3).

1.4.(Deleted, Amendment No. 2).

1.5. The starting material for the manufacture of forgings can be ingots, crimped ingots (blooms), forged or rolled billets, as well as billets from continuous steel casting plants (CCS) and various types of rolled products.

1.6. Forgings are made from carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel and their chemical composition must comply with the requirements of GOST 380-88, GOST 1050-74, GOST 19281-73, GOST 4543-71 and other current standards or technical specifications.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.7. The dimensions of forgings must take into account allowances for machining, dimensional tolerances and technological allowances for forgings produced by forging on presses in accordance with GOST 7062-79, produced by forging on hammers in accordance with GOST 7829-70 and produced by hot stamping in accordance with GOST 7505-74, as well as allowances for samples for control tests.

For forgings weighing over 100 tons, produced by forging on presses, allowances and allowances are allowed to be established in the regulatory and technical documentation for a specific forging.

1.8.(Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

1.9. Based on their mechanical properties, forgings supplied after final heat treatment are divided into strength categories. Strength categories, the corresponding standards of mechanical properties determined by testing on longitudinal samples, and hardness standards are given in Table. 2.

Hardness standards for forgings of groups II and III and strength categories for forgings of groups IV and V are established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer. The steel grade is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and is indicated on the drawing of the part and forging.

At the request of the consumer, the temporary resistance must be higher than that indicated in the table. 2 for a given strength category, not more than:

120 MPa (12 kgf/mm 2) with the required s less than 600 MPa (60 kgf/mm 2),

150 MPa (15 kgf/mm 2) with the required s of 600-900 MPa (60-90 kgf/mm 2),

200 MPa (20 kgf/mm 2) with the required s of more than 900 MPa (90 kgf/mm 2).

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

STATE STANDARD

USSR UNION

FORGINGS FROM STRUCTURAL

CARBON AND ALLOY STEEL

GENERAL TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

GOST 8479-70

Official publication

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS

UDC 669.14*41 3083.74) WHO Group

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

FORGINGS FROM STRUCTURAL CARBON AND ALLOY STEEL

General technical conditions

Construction carbon and alloy steel forgings. General specification

GOST 8479-57

Resolution of the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated January 15, 1970 No. 59 established the introduction date

By Decree of the State Standard of December 31, 1981 No. 5873, the validity period was extended

Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to general-purpose forgings with a diameter (thickness) of up to 800 mm from structural carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel, manufactured by forging and hot stamping.

The standard establishes groups of forgings and basic technical requirements for their acceptance and delivery.

The standard does not replace the current standards and technical specifications for certain types of forgings, which are subject to special requirements regarding the production method, surface quality, the use of special types of heat treatment, etc.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Forgings must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to drawings approved in the prescribed manner and regulatory and technical documentation for specific products. Forgings depending on purpose

are divided into groups indicated in table. 1.

1.2. The assignment of a forging to a particular group is made by the consumer; the group number is indicated in the technical requirements on the part drawing.

1.3. At the request of the consumer, delivery of forgings must be carried out with additional types of tests not provided for by this standard (check for flakes, test according to

Official publication Reproduction prohibited

* Reissue (March 1983) with Changes No. 1, 2, approved in March 1977, December 1982 Post. 5874 12/31/81 (ICC 5-77, 3-82).

Table i

	Types of tests	Batch picking conditions	Delivery fees characteristics
	No tests	Forgings of the same or different steel grades
	Hardness Determination	Forgings of the same steel grade that have undergone heat treatment together	Hardness
	Hardness Determination	Forgings of the same steel grade, subjected to heat treatment according to the same regime
	1. Tensile test 3. Determination of hardness	Forgings of the same steel heat, subjected to heat treatment together	Impact strength
	1. Tensile test 2. Determination of impact strength 3. Determination of hardness	Each forging is accepted individually	Yield strength Relative contraction Impact strength

Notes:

1. Excluded.

2. Forgings that have undergone heat treatment together in continuous furnaces are considered to be forgings sequentially loaded into the furnace without breaking.

3. The consumer has the right to prescribe other combinations of acceptance characteristics for forgings of groups IV and V instead of those established in the table. 1.

4. It is allowed to determine the hardness of Group V forgings on samples for Mechanical testing.

Bauman, ultrasonic and periscope testing, determination of the magnitude of residual stresses, yield strength at operating temperatures, determination of impact strength at operating and negative temperatures, macro- and microanalysis of the steel structure, bend test, determination of grain size, etc.). In this case, the forgings also belong to one of the groups: II, III, IV and V in accordance with Table. 1.

The type, scope, standards and methods of additional tests are indicated in the forging drawing or order.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.4. (Deleted, Rev. JA 2).

1.5. The starting material for the manufacture of forgings can be ingots, crimped ingots (blooms), forged or rolled billets, as well as billets from continuous steel casting plants (CCS) and various types of rolled products.

1.6. Forgings are made from carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel and their chemical composition must comply with the requirements of GOST 380-71, GOST 1050-74, GOST 19281-73, GOST 4543-71 and other current standards or technical specifications.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.7. The dimensions of forgings must take into account allowances for machining, dimensional tolerances and technological allowances for forgings produced by forging on presses in accordance with GOST 7062-79, produced by forging on hammers in accordance with GOST 7829-70 and produced by hot stamping in accordance with GOST 7505-74, as well as allowances for samples for control tests.

For forgings weighing over 100 tons, produced by forging on presses, allowances and allowances are allowed to be established in the regulatory and technical documentation for a specific forging.

1.8. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

1.9. Based on their mechanical properties, forgings supplied after final heat treatment are divided into strength categories. Strength categories, the corresponding standards of mechanical properties determined by testing on longitudinal samples, and hardness standards are given in Table. 2.

Hardness standards for forgings of groups II and III and strength categories for forgings of groups IV and V are established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer. The steel grade for all groups is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and is indicated on the drawing of the part and forging.

At the request of the consumer, the temporary resistance must be higher than that indicated in the table. 2 for a given strength category, not more than:

120 MPa (12 kg/mm ​​2) (60 kg/mm ​​2),		required
150 MPa (15 kg/mm ​​2)		required
(60-90 kg/mm ​​2),
200 MPa (20 kg/mm ​​2)		required

(90 kg/mm2).

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

table 2

Mechanical properties, no less

Relative extension

Relative narrowing, Ф, %

Impact strength, KSC, J) m 2 XYU 4 (kgf m/cm 2)

Brinell hardness (on the surface of forgings)

Categusia strength

Diameter (thickness) of forging

solid section

OO O O SO yu

O o OO Yu 00

hardness

<*отт мм

Page 4 GOST 8479-70

Mechanical properties* no less

Relative extension

Relative narrowing

Impact strength, KCU, J1m 2 X 10 4 (kg * m/cm 2)

Hardness according to Boinelay (on the surface of forgings)

Diameter (thickness) of a solid forging

o o b-. w y

oh oh<РО СО Ю

oo o o CO No.

hardness

Notes:

2. (Deleted, Change 2).

GOST 8479-70 Page, 5

1.10. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, for forgings of groups IV and V, increased standards of plastic properties and impact strength can be assigned compared to those indicated in table. 2. In this case, an additional letter C (special) is added to the strength category, and the required characteristics are recorded on the drawing of the forging.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

1.11. When determining the mechanical properties of forgings on transverse, tangential or radial samples, it is allowed to reduce the standards of mechanical properties compared to those given in Table. 2 by the values ​​indicated in table. 3.

Table 3

Note For ring-type forgings produced by rolling, the standards of mechanical properties obtained by testing tangential samples are established according to the standards for longitudinal samples.

1.12. Examples of symbols

Group I forgings:

Gr. I GOST 8479-70.

Forgings of group II (III) with hardness HB 143-179:

Gr. II (III) NV 143-179 GOST 8479-70.

Forgings of group IV (V) with strength category KP 490:

Gr. IV (V) KP 490 GOST 8479-70;

Gr. IV-KP 490C-^50-KCU^69 GOST 8479-70.

64 J/m 2 x 10 4.

Gr. IV-KP 490-o*^655-Ъts^14-KSi^64 GOST 8479-70. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

1.13. There should be no cracks, cracks, caps, or sand on the surface of the forgings.

On unprocessed surfaces of forgings, dents from scale and nicks are allowed, as well as shallow cutting or cleaning of defects, provided that the depth of these defects does not exceed the limits of the smallest permissible dimensions of forgings according to GOST 7062-79 or according to regulatory and technical documentation - for forgings weighing over 100 T.

Defects are not allowed on the surfaces of forgings subjected to embossing.

On the processed surfaces of forgings, individual defects are allowed without removal if their depth, determined by control cutting or cleaning, does not exceed 75% of the actual one-sided machining allowance for forgings produced by forging, and 50% for forgings produced by stamping.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

1.14. On forgings made of carbon and low-alloy steel

when the depth of surface defects exceeds the actual one-sided allowance for machining, it is allowed to remove the defects by flat cutting followed by welding.

The permissible welding depth must be agreed with the consumer.

1.15. Forgings should not have flakes, cracks, shrinkage

looseness, the absence of which is guaranteed by the manufacturer.

Forgings in which the above defects are found are rejected, and all other forgings of a given batch can be recognized as suitable only after individual inspection.

1.16. The heat treatment mode is set pre-

acceptance by the manufacturer.

Forgings are subjected to rough heat treatment

form and after preliminary mechanical processing (grinding, drilling, etc.). By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, forgings are supplied after preliminary heat treatment.

1.14-1.16. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.17. Forgings that have been straightened in a cold or heated state after heat treatment must be subjected to tempering to relieve internal stresses.

Forgings of groups I, II and III can be supplied without subsequent tempering if the manufacturer guarantees the required properties after straightening.

1.18. By agreement of the parties, forgings are subjected to descaling.

The cleaning method is specified in the drawing or order conditions.

1.19. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

1.20. The mass of forgings, determined according to GOST 7062-79, should not exceed the calculated mass determined by the largest dimensions of the forging (taking into account positive deviation).

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

2. TEST METHODS

2.1. The batches are completed by the manufacturer from forgings manufactured according to one drawing. The conditions for completing the batch are given in table. 1.

It is allowed to combine into batches forgings made from the same grade of steel according to different drawings, similar in configuration and size.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.2. Each forging must be subjected to external inspection without the use of magnifying devices, unless the terms of the order provide for another inspection method.

2.3. For each group of forgings, with the exception of group I, the volume of mandatory tests specified in table is established. 4.

Continuation of the table. 4

Notes:

1. The number of group II forgings to be tested can be increased by agreement with the consumer.

2. For forgings of group IV, it is allowed to determine the mechanical properties of forgings not with lower and upper limits of hardness, but with hardness standards that are within specified strength categories.

3. For forgings of group IV, it is allowed to determine the mechanical properties on one forging with the number of forgings in a batch of up to 20 pieces, if the difference in the hardness prints of the entire batch does not exceed 0.30 mm for KP 18-KP45 and 0.20 mm for KP50 -KP80.

4. The scope of inspection of forgings supplied after preliminary heat treatment is indicated in the forging drawing.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

2.4. Sampling to determine the chemical composition of the metal of forgings is carried out in accordance with GOST 7565-81.

2.5. Chemical analysis of forging metal is carried out according to

GOST 22536.0-77-GOST 22536.13-77; GOST 12344-78, GOST 12345-86, GOST 12346-78, GOST 12347-77, GOST 12348-78, GOST 12349-83, GOST 12350-78, GOST 12351-81, GOST

12352-81, GOST 12353-78, GOST 12354-81, GOST 12355-78, GOST 12356-81, GOST 12357-66, GOST 12358-82, GOST

12359-81, GOST 12360-82, GOST 12361-82, GOST 12362-79, GOST 12363-79, GOST 12364-66, GOST 12365-66, GOST

When making forgings from metal smelted by the manufacturer, the chemical composition of the steel is determined by heat analysis of a ladle sample.

When producing forgings from rolled products and ingots, the steel grade and chemical composition are established by a document on the quality of the metal manufacturer.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

2.6. The mechanical properties of forgings are determined on longitudinal, transverse, tangential or radial samples. The type of sample, if it is not indicated in the part drawing, is established by the manufacturer.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

2.7. Samples for determining the mechanical properties of forgings of group V are cut from laps left on each forging, and samples of group IV are cut from laps left on samples or from the body of the forging, for which an additional number of forgings are made.

It is allowed to cut samples for mechanical testing of group IV forgings from a sample of the same or larger cross-section, separately forged from metal of the same heat and according to a regime similar to that for forgings.

In this case, the sample must be heat treated with forgings of the given batch.

2.8. The shape, dimensions and location of the test tap are determined by the drawing of the forging.

The size of the sample overlap must be sufficient to produce all required samples.

When producing one forging from an ingot, the sample overlap should be from the profitable part.

On forgings such as shafts and shells with a length of over 3 m, with appropriate indication on the forging drawing, an inlet to the samples must be provided at both ends.

2.9. The sample tapping from forgings made of alloy steel should be separated using a cold method, and from forgings made of carbon and low-alloy steel - at the discretion of the manufacturer.

2.10. Samples for mechanical testing are not allowed to be subjected to additional heat treatment or any heating.

2.11. When manufacturing several parts from one forging, one sample is taken, based on the test results of which all parts manufactured from this forging are accepted.

2.12. Samples for mechanical testing of cylindrical and prismatic forgings are cut from the lap or from the body of the forging at a distance of U radius or V 6 diagonal from the outer surface of the forging.

2.13. When cutting samples from hollow or drilled forgings with a wall thickness of up to 100 mm, the samples are cut at a distance of V 2 of the forging wall thickness, and for thicknesses over 100 mm - at a distance of */ 3 of the forging wall thickness from the outer surface.

When making transverse or tangential samples, their axis must be at the same distance as for longitudinal samples.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.14. The place for cutting samples from non-cylindrical and non-prismatic forgings in the absence of corresponding instructions on the part drawing is established by the manufacturer.

2.15. Sample blanks can be taken from forgings (not laps) by cutting with a core drill or by cutting out the forgings by machining them.

2.16. Number of samples for mechanical testing from

each test should be: one - for tensile, two - for impact strength.

2.17. The production of samples and tensile testing are carried out in accordance with GOST 1497-73 on samples of five times the length with a diameter of the calculated part of 10 mm.

It is allowed to use samples of five times the length with a diameter of the calculated part of 6 or 5 mm.

2.18. Sample production and impact strength testing are carried out in accordance with GOST 9454-78 on type 1 samples.

2.19. Brinell hardness is determined according to GOST 9012-59.

2.20. If unsatisfactory results of mechanical tests are obtained for at least one of the indicators, repeated tests are carried out on a double number of samples taken from the same batch of forgings.

If, after repeated testing, positive indicators are obtained, the entire batch of forgings is considered acceptable.

If, after repeated testing, at least one of the samples gives unsatisfactory performance, the batch of forgings may be subjected to repeated heat treatment.

2.21. The number of repeated heat treatments should not be more than two.

Additional tempering is not considered heat treatment and the number of temperings is not limited. After each heat treatment or additional tempering, a batch of forgings is tested as if presented again.

The third heat treatment in the form of improvement is allowed on large forgings in cases where normalization with tempering does not provide the required mechanical properties.

2.20, 2.21. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.22. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

2.23. For control testing by the consumer of the quality of workpieces and their compliance with the requirements of this standard, the sampling rules and test methods specified above must be applied.

3. MARKING, TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE

3.1. The marking location is indicated on the forging drawing.

The marking must be clear and contain the information specified in the table. 5.

Note. The type of marking of stamped forgings is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. t).

3.2. For small forgings, marking on tags is allowed.

3.3. Each batch of forgings or forgings accepted by technical control is accompanied by a quality document, which indicates:

name or trademark of the manufacturer;

Order number;

number of forgings in a batch and their weight;

drawing number;

steel grade and designation of standard or technical specifications;

chemical composition;

heat number;

group of forgings;

type of heat treatment;

test results provided for by this standard;

results of additional tests provided for in the forging drawing or order conditions.

Note. The content of accompanying documents for forgings produced by die forging is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer.

3.4. Forgings must be stored in dry, closed warehouses.

It is allowed to store forgings under a canopy or on trestles.

3.5. (Deleted, Amendment No. 2).

	Steel grades depending on	diameter (thickness) of forgings and
	Diameter (thickness) of forgings, mm
strength		From 100 to 300	h From 300 to 500	From 500 to 800
	15*. 23*, 25, StZ*	StZ*, 15*, 20*. 25*, St5*	20*, 25*, 30*. Stb*	20*, St5*, 30*. 35*
	StZ*, StZGSP*, 15*, 23*. 25*. 15Х*, 23Х", 15ХМ*	StZ*, St15ХМ*, 20*, 25*, 30*, St5*, 15Х*,20Х*, 12Х1МФ*	St5*, 25*, 30 s, 35*, 20Х*, 22К*	St5*, 30*. 35*. 22K*
	20*. 25*, 10G2*, YOH*, 15ХМ*, 12Х1МФ*	20*, 25*, St5*, 30*. 35*. 20Х*, 15ХМ*, 10Г2*,22К*, -16ГС*, 12Х1МФ*	thirty*. 35*, 40*, 10G2*. 22K*, 12Х1МФ*	30*, 35*, 40*, 22K*, 1ХГ2*, 12Х1МФ*
	25*, 30*. 35*, St5*, 2 ЗХ*, 12ХМ*, 15ХМ*, 20ГС*	20, 30*. 35*. 40*, 45*. 20Х, 12ХМ*, 15ХМ*, 16ГС*, 20ГС*, 12Х1МФ*	30*, 35*, 40*. 45*. 40, 25GS*, 35ХМ*. 12Х1МФ*	45*. 25GS*. 4 0Х*, 35ХМ*
	35*, 40*. 45*. 20X, 25GS*.	25, 35, 40*, 45*, 50*. 20Х, 25ГС*, 12ХМ*, 15ХМ*, 35Г2*, 35ХМ*	40, 45, 40Х*, 25ГС*\ 15ХМ*, 35ХМ*	40, 4OX, 25GSA
	35, 45*, 5С*, 40Х*, 45Х*, 15ХМ*, £0Г2*, 35ХМ*	40, 45, 40Х*, 55*, 50Г2*, 35ХМ*, 40ХН*, 20Х	45, 45Х*, 40Х, 40ХН*, 38ХГН, 34ХН1М	4OX, 45Х*, 45Х, 40ХН* 38ГН*
	40, 45, 15Х, 40Х*, 50Г2*. 45X*. 50X*. 15ХМ*, 35ХМ*, 38ХГН*	45, 15ХМ, 2OX, 40Х, 45Х*. 50Х*,	40Х, 45Х* 40ХН, 50Х*, 38ХГН	45Х, 50Х, 38ХГН, 35ХМ

GOST 8479-70 Page. 13

strength	Diameter (thickness) of forgings, mm
		From 100 to 300	From 300 to 500	From 500 to 800
	45, ZOX, 4 OX, 50G2* 15ХМ, ZОХМА, 40ХН, ЗОХГС*, 34ХН1М*, 18ХГТ	35Х, 40Х, 45Х, 34ХМ, 35ХМ, 40ХФА, 40ХН, 38ХГН, 15Х1М1Ф, 34ХН1М*	40Х, 45Х, 40ХН, 35ХМ, 38ХГН, 40ХФА	40ХН, 35ХМ, 38ХГН
	40Х, 35ХМ, 40ХН, 38ХГН, 25Х1М1Ф*, ЗДН1М, ЗОХМА, 15ХМ	40Х, 45Х, 35ХМ, 40ХН, ЗОХМА, 35ХМА, 25ХШЧ1Ф*, 34ХН1М, 45ХНМ*	45Х, 35ХМ, 40ХН, 34ХН1М, 38ХШЧ 45ХНМ	40ХН, 34ХН1М, 45ХНМ*. 38Х2Н2МА, 40ХН2МА
	55, 55Х, 35Х, 40Х, 45Х, 15ХМ, 35ХМ, ЗОХГСА, ЗОХМА, 38ХМ, 38ХГН, 40ХН, 25Х1МФ	4 OX, 45Kh, 35KhM, 40KhFA, 40KhN, ZOKHGSA, 35KhGSA, 38KhGN, 25Kh2M1F*, 25Kh1M1F, 20Kh1M1F1TR, 34KhN1M, 30KhN2MFA, 45KhNM*	34ХН1М, 30ХН2МФА, 40ХН2МА, 45ХНМ
	38ХС, 40ХН, 40ХФА, 38ХГН, 34ХН1М, 25Х1М1Ф, ЗОХГСА	45Х, 5OX, 35ХН, 40ХН, ЗОХНМА, 40ХFA, 35ХГСА, 38ХГН, 34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА	34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА
	45Х, 38ХС, 38ХГ, 35ХГСА, 35ХМ, 40ХН, 45ХН, 38ХГН, ЗОХНЗА, 25Х1МФ, ЗОХГСА	ZOH, 34ХНМА, 40ХН, 25Х1М1Ф, 38Х2МУА, 35ХНМА, ЗОХГСА, 34ХН1М, 20Х1М1Ф1ТР, 25Х2М1Ф, 40ХН2МА, 34Х1МА, 45ХНМ	34ХН1М, 40Х2Н2МА, 45ХНМ	40ХН2МА, 45ХНМ
	45Х, 50Х, 45ХН, ЗОХГСА, 35ХГСА, 34ХН1М	34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА, 34XH3M*	34XH3M, 38XH3MA,	38ХНЗМФА, 34XH3M,

Page 14 GOST 3479-70

strength	Diameter (thickness) of forgings, mm
		From 100 TO 300	From 300 to 500	From 500 to 800
	ZOKHGT, ZOKHGSA, 20KHNZA, 20KH1M1F1TR, 20KHNZA, 25KH2M1F*, 34KHN1M, 34XH3M*	50KhFA, 25Kh1M1F, 25Kh2MF1, 34XH3M*, 34KhN1M, 38XH3MA*, 38KhNZMFA*, 40KhN2MA	34XH3M*, 38XH3MA* 38ХНЗММА*, 38ХН2МА, 18Х2Н4МА, 45ХНМ
	34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА, 34XH3M*. 40Х2Н2МА, 38Х2Н2МА	34XH3M*, 40ХН2МА. 38XH3MA*, 38ХНЗММА*, 18Х2Н4МА	34XH3M, 38XH3MA, 36Х2Н2МФА
	18Х2Н4ВА, 38ХНЗММА*, 34XH3MA*, 38Х2Н2МА, 40ХН2МА	34ХН1МА, 34XH3MA, 36Х2Н2ММА, 38ХНЗМВА, 40ХН2МА, 38Х2Н2М

Note The sign “%” means that the steel is in a normalized state; in other grades of steel, the corresponding strength category is ensured by quenching and tempering

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

B. METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS

WHO Group

Change No. 3 GOST 8479-70 Forgings made of structural carbon and kegarized steel. General technical conditions

By Decree of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated June 23, 1986 No. 1671, the introduction date was established

Point Y. Replace the words: “depending on the purpose” with “according to the types of tests”.

Add a note to clause 1.3: “Note. The quality group of forgings based on the results of ultrasonic testing is established in accordance with GOST 24507-80.”

Clause 1.9, Second paragraph, Delete the words: “for all groups”;

The table should be supplemented with notes - 3.4: “3. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to determine instead of the conditional yield strength; o 0 h) the physical yield strength (o g) in compliance with the standards for

(002) listed in table. 2.

4. The thickness (diameter) of the forging is taken to be its design cross-section for heat treatment.”

Clause 1.16, after the words “in draft form and”, add the word: “(or)”;

after the words “(grinding, drilling, etc.)”, state in a new edition: “It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to subject forgings only to preliminary heat treatment. Group I forgings may not be subjected to heat treatment.”

(Continued on page 60)

(Continuation of changes to GOST 8479-10)

Paragraph 120 Replace the words “(taking into account positive deviation)” with “(taking into account positive deviation for external dimensions and negative deviation for internal dimensions and cavities)”

Paragraph 23 Table 4 Note 2, add words. “In this case, hardness is an additional acceptance characteristic”

Clause 25 Replace references GOST 12357-66 with GOST 12357-84, GOST 12364-66 with GOST 12364-84, GOST 12365-66 with GOST 12365-84 Clause 2 7 The last paragraph should be stated in a new edition “In this case, the sample must pass all heating, including for forging and stamping, and also simultaneously with pop-up lamps of the batch - heat treatment" Clause 212 after the words "from the body of the forging" is supplemented with words "so that their axis is"

Paragraph 213 after the words “samples are cut out” should be supplemented with the words “in such a way that their axis is located”

Paragraph 219 should be supplemented with the paragraph “If it is impossible to carry out testing on a Brinell device, it is allowed to determine hardness with other devices that provide an accuracy of ±10% of the HB hardness number”

Clause 32 shall be stated in a new edition: “32 For forgings weighing up to 10 kg, lot marking on a tag is allowed”

Clause 33 The fourth paragraph shall be stated in a new edition “the number of forgings in the batch and their mass (for group V - forging number)”

up to 500 mm, KP 315 for diameters up to 100 and from 100 to 300 mm, KP 345 for

diameters from 500 to 800, KP 395 for diameters from 100 to 300 mm, from 300 to 500 mm and from 500 to 800 mm, KP 440 for diameters from 100 to 300 mm and from

300 to 500 mm, KP 490 for diameters from 100 to 300 mm, add brand

article 34ХМ (34ХМА)

GOST 8479-70 spreads on forgings general purpose with diameter (thickness) up to 800 mm from structural carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel, manufactured by forging and hot stamping. The standard establishes groups of forgings and basic technical requirements for their acceptance and delivery.

• GOST 24507-80 Non-destructive testing. Forgings from ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Ultrasonic flaw detection methods
• GOST 380-2005 Carbon steel of ordinary quality. Stamps
• GOST 1050-88 Long-rolled products, calibrated, with special surface finishing, made of high-quality carbon structural steel. General technical conditions
• GOST 19281-89 Rolled products from high-strength steel. General technical conditions
• GOST 4543-71 Rolled alloy structural steel. Specifications
• GOST 7062-90 Forgings made of carbon and alloy steel, produced by forging on presses. Allowances and tolerances
• GOST 7829-70 Forgings made of carbon and alloy steel, produced by hammer forging. Allowances and tolerances
• GOST 7505-89 Stamped steel forgings. Tolerances, allowances and forging allowances
• GOST 22536.0-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. General requirements for analysis methods
• GOST 22536.1-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining total carbon and graphite
• GOST 22536.2-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining sulfur
• GOST 22536.3-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Phosphorus determination methods
• GOST 22536.4-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining silicon
• GOST 22536.5-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining manganese
• GOST 22536.6-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Arsenic determination methods
• GOST 22536.7-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining chromium
• GOST 22536.8-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining copper
• GOST 22536.9-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining nickel
• GOST 22536.10-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining aluminum
• GOST 22536.11-87 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining titanium
• GOST 22536.12-88 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Methods for determining vanadium
• GOST 22536.13-77 Carbon steel and unalloyed cast iron. Spectral analysis methods
• GOST 12344-2003 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Carbon determination methods
• GOST 12345-2001 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining sulfur
• GOST 12346-78 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining silicon
• GOST 12347-77 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Phosphorus determination methods
• GOST 12348-78 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining manganese
• GOST 12349-83 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining tungsten
• GOST 12350-78 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining chromium
• GOST 12351-2003 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining vanadium
• GOST 12352-81 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining nickel
• GOST 12353-78 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining cobalt
• GOST 12354-81 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining molybdenum
• GOST 12355-78 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining copper
• GOST 12356-81 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining titanium
• GOST 12357-84 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining aluminum
• GOST 12358-82 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Arsenic determination methods
• GOST 12359-99 Carbon steels, alloyed and high-alloyed. Methods for determining nitrogen
• GOST 12360-82 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining boron
• GOST 12361-82 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining niobium
• GOST 12362-79 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining microimpurities of antimony, lead, tin, zinc and cadmium
• GOST 12363-79 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining selenium
• GOST 12364-84 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining cerium
• GOST 12365-84 Alloy and high-alloy steels. Methods for determining zirconium
• GOST 18895-97 Steel. Photoelectric spectral analysis method
• GOST 1497-84 Metals. Tensile test methods
• GOST 9454-78 Metals. Impact bending test method at low, room and elevated temperatures
• GOST 9012-59 Metals. Brinell hardness measurement method

The standard applies to general-purpose forgings with a diameter (thickness) of up to 800 mm from structural carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel, manufactured by forging and hot stamping. The standard establishes groups of forgings and basic technical requirements for their acceptance and delivery.

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR

FORGINGS FROM STRUCTURAL
CARBON AND ALLOY STEEL

GENERAL TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

GOST 8479-70

STATE COMMITTEE OF STANDARDS
Moscow

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

Resolution of the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated January 15, 1970 No. 59 established the introduction date

from 01/01/71

Resolution of the State Standard of June 23, 1986 No. 1671

validity period extended

until 01/01/92

Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to general-purpose forgings with a diameter (thickness) of up to 800 mm from structural carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel, manufactured by forging and hot stamping.

The standard establishes groups of forgings and basic technical requirements for their acceptance and delivery.

The standard does not replace existing standards and technical specifications for certain types of forgings, which have special requirements for the production method, surface quality, the use of special types of heat treatment, etc.

1.TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Forgings must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to drawings approved in the prescribed manner and regulatory and technical documentation for specific products. Forgings according to the types of tests are divided into groups specified in.

1.2. The assignment of a forging to one or another group is made by the consumer; the group number is indicated in the technical requirements on the part drawing.

3. At the request of the consumer, delivery of forgings must be carried out with additional types of tests not provided for by this standard (testing for flakes, Bauman test, ultrasonic and periscopic control, determination of the magnitude of residual stresses, yield strength at operating temperatures, determination of impact strength at operating and negative temperatures, macro- and microanalysis of steel structure, bend test, determination of grain size, etc.). In this case, the forgings also belong to one of the groups: II, III, IV and V in accordance with table. 1.

Group of forgings	Types of tests	Batch picking conditions	Delivery characteristics
	No tests	Forgings of the same or different steel grades
	Hardness Determination	Forgings of the same steel grade that have undergone heat treatment together	Hardness
	Hardness Determination	Forgings of the same steel grade, subjected to heat treatment according to the same regime
	1. Tensile test 3. Determination of hardness	Forgings of the same steel heat, subjected to heat treatment together	Yield strength Relative narrowing Impact strength
	1. Tensile test 2. Determination of impact strength 3. Determination of hardness	Each forging is accepted individually	Yield strength Relative narrowing Impact strength

Notes:

1. Excluded.

2. Forgings that have undergone heat treatment together in continuous furnaces are considered to be forgings that are sequentially loaded into the furnace without breaking.

3. The consumer has the right to prescribe other combinations of acceptance characteristics for forgings of groups IV and V instead of the established ones.

4. It is allowed to determine the hardness of group V forgings using samples for mechanical testing.

The type, scope, standards and methods of additional testing are indicated in the forging drawing or order.

Note: The quality group of forgings based on the results of ultrasonic testing is established in accordance with GOST 24507-80.

1.4.(Deleted, Amendment No. 2).

1.5. The starting material for the production of forgings can be ingots, compressed ingots (blooms), forged or rolled billets, as well as billets from continuous steel casting plants (CCS) and various types of rolled products.

1.6. Forgings are made from carbon, low-alloy and alloy steel and their chemical composition must comply with the requirements of GOST 380-88, GOST 1050-74, GOST 19281-73, GOST 4543-71 and other current standards or technical specifications.

1.7. The dimensions of forgings must take into account allowances for machining, dimensional tolerances and technological allowances for forgings produced by forging on presses in accordance with GOST 7062-79, produced by forging on hammers in accordance with GOST 7829-70 and produced by hot stamping in accordance with GOST 7505-74, as well as allowances for samples for control tests .

It is allowed for forgings weighing over 100 tons, produced by forging on presses, allowances and laps to be established in the regulatory and technical documentation for a specific forging.

1.8.(Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

1.9. Based on their mechanical properties, forgings supplied after final heat treatment are divided into strength categories. Strength categories, corresponding standards of mechanical properties determined by testing on longitudinal samples, and hardness standards are given in.

Hardness standards for forgings of groups II and III and strength categories for forgings of groups IV and V are established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer. The steel grade is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and is indicated on the drawing of the forging part.

At the request of the consumer, the temporary resistance must be higher than that specified for a given strength category, not more than:

120 MPa (12 kgf/mm 2) at the requireds V less than 600 MPa (60 kgf/mm 2),

150 MPa (15 kgf/mm 2) at the requireds V 600-900 MPa (60-90 kgf/mm 2),

200 MPa (20 kgf/mm 2) at the requireds V more than 900 MPa (90 kgf/mm 2).

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

table 2

Mechanical properties, no less

Brinell hardness (on the surface of forgings)

Yield strengths 0,2

Temporary resistances IN

Relative extensiond 5 , %

Relative narrowing y, %

Impact strength, KCU, J/mm 2´ 10 4 (kgf× m/cm 2)

Diameter (thickness) of a solid forging

St. 100 to 300

St. 300 to 500

St. 500 to 800

St. 100 to 300

St. 300 to 500

St. 500 to 800

St. 100 to 300

St. 300 to 500

St. 500 to 800

Hardness number HB

d otp, mm

Notes:

2. (Deleted, Amendment No. 2).

3. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to determine instead of the conditional yield strength ( s 0.2) physical yield strength ( s T) in compliance with the standards for ( s 0.2) specified in .

4. The thickness (diameter) of the forging is taken to be its design cross-section and sub-heat treatment.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

1.10. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, forgings of groups IV and V can be assigned higher standards of plastic properties and impact strength compared to those specified in. In this case, an additional letter C (special) is added to the strength category, and the required characteristics are written down on the drawing of the forging.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

1.11. When determining the mechanical properties of forgings on transverse, tangential or radial samples, it is allowed to reduce the standards of mechanical properties compared to those given in the values ​​​​indicated in table. 3.

Table 3

Indicators of mechanical properties	Permissible reduction in mechanical properties standards, %
	for transverse samples	for radial samples	for tangential samples
			forgings with a diameter of up to 300 mm	forgings with diameter St. 300 mm
Yield strength
Tensile strength
Relative extension
Relative narrowing
Impact strength

Note: For ring-type forgings produced by rolling, the standards of mechanical properties obtained by testing tangential samples are established according to the standards for limit samples.

1.12. Examples of symbols

Group I forgings:

Gr. 1 GOST 8479-70.

Forgings of group II (III) with hardness HB 143-179:

Gr. II (III) NV 143-179 GOST 8479-70.

Forgings of group IV (V) with strength category KP 490:

Gr. IV (V) KP 490 GOST 8479-70;

forgings of group IV, strength category KP 490, relative contraction of at least 50%, impact strength KCU no less than 69 J/m 2 ´ 10 4 (7 kgf/cm 2).

Gr. 1V- KP490S -y ³ 50 - KSU ³ 69 GOST 8479-70.

Forgings of group IV with strength category KP 490, tensile strengths V not less than 655 MPa, relative elongationd 5 not less than 14% and impact strength KCU not less than 64 J/m 2´ 10 4 .

Gr. IV - KP 490 -s V ³ 655 - d 5 ³ 14 – KCU ³ 64 GOST 8479-70.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

1.13. There should be cracks, cracks, caps, and sand on the surface of the forging.

On unprocessed surfaces of forgings, dents from scale and nicks are allowed, as well as shallow cutting or cleaning of defects, provided that the depth of these defects does not exceed the limits of the smallest permissible dimensions of forgings according to GOST 7062-79 or according to regulatory and technical documentation - for forgings weighing over 100 tons.

Defects are not allowed on the surfaces of forgings subjected to minting.

On the machined surfaces of forgings, individual defects are allowed without removal if their depth, determined by control cutting or cleaning, does not exceed 75% of the actual one-sided machining allowance for forgings produced by forging, and 50% for forgings produced by stamping.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

1.14. On forgings made of carbon and low-carbon steel, with the depth of surface defects exceeding the actual one-sided allowance for machining, it is allowed to remove the defects by flat cutting followed by welding.

The permissible welding depth must be agreed with the consumer.

1.15. Forgings should not have flakes, cracks, or shrinkage looseness, the absence of which is guaranteed by the manufacturer.

Forgings in which the above defects are found are rejected, and all other forgings of a given batch can be recognized as suitable only after individual inspection.

1.14; 1.15 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.16. The heat treatment mode is set by the manufacturer.

Forgings are subjected to heat treatment in rough form and (or) after preliminary mechanical treatment (grinding, drilling, etc.). By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, forgings may only be subjected to preliminary heat treatment. Group I forgings may not be subjected to heat treatment.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).

1.17. Forgings that have been straightened in a cold or heated state after heat treatment must be subjected to tempering to relieve internal stresses.

Forgings of groups I, II and III can be supplied without subsequent tempering, provided that the manufacturer guarantees the required properties after straightening.

1.18. By agreement of the parties, forgings are subjected to descaling.

The cleaning method is specified in the drawing or order conditions.

1.19. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

1.20. The mass of forgings, determined according to GOST 7062-79, should not exceed the calculated mass determined by the largest dimensions of the forging (taking into account the plus deviation for external dimensions and minus deviation for internal dimensions and cavities).

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2, 3).

2. TEST METHODS

2.1. The batches are completed by the manufacturer from forgings manufactured according to one drawing. The conditions for completing the batch are given in.

It is allowed to combine into batches forgings made from the same grade of steel according to different drawings, similar in configuration and size.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.2. Each forging must be subjected to external inspection without the use of magnifying devices, unless the terms of the order provide for another inspection method.

2.3. For each group of forgings, with the exception of group I, the volume of mandatory tests specified in table is established. 4.

Table 4

Group of forgings	Types of tests	Number of forgings per batch to be tested
	No tests
	Hardness Determination	5% of the lot, but not less than 5 pcs.
	Hardness Determination
	1. Tensile test 2. Determination of impact strength		Up to 100 pcs. - 2 pcs., St. 100 pieces. - 1%, but not less than 2 pcs. (forgings with lower and upper hardness limits)
	3. Determination of hardness
	1. Tensile test 2. Determination of impact strength 3. Determination of hardness

Notes:

1. The number of group II forgings subject to testing may be increased by agreement with the consumer.

2. For forgings of group IV, it is allowed to determine the mechanical properties of forgings not with lower and upper hardness limits, but with hardness standards that are within the specified strength categories. In this case, hardness is an additional acceptance characteristic.

3. For forgings of group IV, it is allowed to determine the mechanical properties on one forging with the number of forgings in a batch of up to 20 pieces, if the difference in the hardness prints of the entire batch does not exceed 0.30 mm for KP 18 - KP45 and 0.20 mm for KP 50 - KP 80.

4. The scope of inspection of forgings supplied after preliminary heat treatment is indicated in the forging drawing.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2, 3).

2.4. Sampling to determine the chemical composition of the metal of forgings is carried out in accordance with GOST 7565-81.

2.5. Chemical analysis of forging metal is carried out according to GOST 22536.0-87, GOST 22536.1-77, GOST 22536.2-87, GOST 22536.3-77, GOST 22536.4-77, GOST 22536.5-87, GOST 22536.6-77, GOST 22536.7-77, G OST 22536.8-87 GOST 22536.9-77, GOST 22536.10-77, GOST 22536.11-87, GOST 22536.12-77, GOST 22536.13-77, GOST 12344-78, GOST 12345-80, GOST 12346-78, GOST 12347-77, GOST 12348-78 , GOST 12349-83, GOST 12350-78, GOST 12351-81, GOST 12352-81, GOST 12353-78, GOST 12354-81, GOST 12355-78, GOST 12356-81, GOST 12357-84, GOST 12358-82, GOST 12359-81, GOST 12360-82, GOST 12361-82, GOST 12362-79, GOST 12363-79, GOST 12364-84, GOST 12365-84, GOST 18895-81.

When making forgings from metal smelted by the manufacturer, the chemical composition of the steel is determined by heat analysis of a ladle sample.

When producing rolled forgings and ingots, the steel grade and chemical composition are established by a document indicating the quality of the metal manufacturer.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

2.6. The mechanical properties of forgings are determined on longitudinal, transverse, tangential or radial samples. The type of sample, if it is not specified in the part drawing, is established by the manufacturer.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

2.7. Samples for determining the mechanical properties of forgings of group V are cut from the laps left on each forging, and those of group IV are cut from the lap on the samples or from the body of the forging, for which an additional number of forgings are made.

It is allowed to cut samples for mechanical testing of group IV forgings from a sample of the same or larger cross-section, separately forged from metal of the same heat and according to a regime similar to forgings.

In this case, the sample must undergo all heating, including forging or stamping, and also, simultaneously with the forgings of a given batch, heat treatment.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

2.8. The shape, dimensions and location of the test tap are determined by the drawing of the forging.

The sample allowance dimensions must be sufficient to produce all required samples.

When producing a single forging from an ingot, the sample overlap should be from the profitable part.

On forgings such as shafts and shells with a length of more than 3 m, with appropriate indication on the forging drawing, an allowance for samples must be provided at both ends.

2.9. Alloy steel forgings should be separated from samples using a cold method, and from carbon and low-alloy steel forgings - at the discretion of the manufacturer.

2.10. Samples for mechanical testing are not allowed to be subjected to additional heat treatment or any heating.

2.11. When manufacturing several parts from one forging, one sample is taken, based on the test results of which all parts manufactured from this forging are accepted.

2.12. Samples for mechanical testing of cylindrical and prismatic forgings are cut from the lap or from the body of the forging so that their axis is at a distance of 1/3 of the radius or 1/6 of the diagonal from the outer surface of the forging.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

2.13. When cutting samples from hollow or drilled forgings with a wall thickness of up to 100 mm, the samples are cut so that their axis is at a distance of 1/2 the thickness of the forging wall, and for thicknesses over 100 mm - at a distance of 1/3 of the forging wall thickness from the outer surface.

When making transverse or tangential samples, their axis must pass at the same distance as for longitudinal samples.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 3).

2.14. The place for cutting samples from non-cylindrical and non-prismatic forgings in the absence of corresponding instructions on the part drawing is established by the manufacturer.

2.15. Blanks for samples can be taken from forgings (not from laps) by cutting with a core drill or by cuttings obtained by machining the forgings.

2.16. The number of samples for mechanical testing from each sample should be: one for tensile testing, two for impact strength.

2.17. The production of samples and tensile testing are carried out in accordance with GOST 1497-84 on samples of five times the length with a diameter of the calculated part of 10 mm.

It is allowed to use samples of five times the length with a diameter of the calculated part of 6 or 5 mm.

2.18. Sample production and impact strength testing are carried out in accordance with GOST 9454-78 on type 1 samples.

2.19. Brinell hardness is determined according to GOST 9012-59. If it is impossible to test on a Brinell device, it is allowed to determine hardness using other devices that ensure accuracy± 10% of the hardness number HB.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 3).

2.20. If unsatisfactory results of mechanical tests are obtained for at least one of the indicators, repeated tests are carried out on a double number of samples taken from the same batch of forgings.

If, after repeated testing, positive indicators are obtained, the entire batch of forgings is considered acceptable.

If, after repeated testing, at least one of the samples gives unsatisfactory performance, the batch of forgings may be subjected to repeated heat treatment.

2.21. The number of repeated heat treatments should not be more than two.

Additional tempering is not considered heat treatment and the number of temperings is not limited. After each heat treatment or additional tempering, the batch of forgings is tested as if presented again.

The third heat treatment in the form of improvement is allowed on large forgings in cases where normalization with tempering does not provide the required mechanical properties.

2.20, 2.21. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.22. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

2.23. For control testing by the consumer of the quality of workpieces and their compliance with the requirements of this standard, the sampling rules and test methods specified above must be applied.

3. MARKING, TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE

3.1. The marking location is indicated on the forging drawing. The marking must be clear and contain the information specified in the table. 5.

Table 5

Group number	Type of marking
	Stamp of the technical control department	Part drawing number	Heat number or steel grade	Forging number
	Indicated	Indicated
			Indicated
				Indicated

Note: The type of marking of stamped forgings is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

3.2. For forgings weighing up to 10 kg, batch marking on a tag is allowed.

3.3. Each batch of forgings or forgings accepted by technical control is accompanied by a quality document, which indicates:

name or trademark of the manufacturer;

Order number;

number of forgings in a batch and their mass (for group V - forging number);

drawing number;

steel grade and designation of standard or technical specifications;

chemical composition;

heat number;

group of forgings;

type of heat treatment;

test results provided for by this standard;

results of additional tests provided for in the forging drawing or order conditions.

Note: The content of accompanying documents for forgings produced by die forging is established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer.

St3*, 15*, 20*, 25*, St5*

20*, 25*, 30*, St5*

20*, St5*, 30*, 35*

KP195
(20)

St3*, St3GSP*, 15*, 20*, 25*, 15Х*, 20Х*, 15ХМ*

St3*, St15ХМ*, 20*, 25*, 30*, St5*, 15Х*, 20Х*, 12Х1МФ*

St5*, 25*, 30*, 35*, 20Х*, 22К*

St5*, 30*, 35*, 22K*

KP215
(22)

20*, 25*, 10G2*, 20Х*, 15ХМ*, 12Х1МФ*

20*, 25*, St5*, 30*, 35*, 20Х*, 15ХМ*, 10Г2*, 22К*, 16ГС*, 12Х1МФ*

30*, 35*, 40*, 10G2*, 22K*, 12Х1МФ*

30*, 35*, 40*, 22K*, 1ХГ2*, 12Х1МФ*

KP245
(25)

25*, 30*, 35*, St5*, 20Х*, 12ХМ*, 15ХМ*, 20ГС*

20, 30*, 35*, 40*, 45*, 20Х, 12ХМ*, 15ХМ*, 16ГС*, 20ГС*, 12Х1МФ*

30*, 35*, 40*, 45*, 40, 25GS*, 35XM*, 12Х1МФ*

45*, 25GS*, 40X*, 35XM*

KP275
(28)

35*, 40*, 45*, 20Х, 25ГС*, 15ХМ*

25, 35, 40*, 45*, 50*, 20Х, 25ГС*, 12ХМ*, 15ХМ*, 35Г2*, 35XM*, 34XM (34XMA)

40, 45, 40X*, 25GS*, 15ХМ*, 35XM*, 34XM (34XMA)

40, 40X, 25GSA, 15Х1М1Ф

KP315
(32)

35, 45* 50*, 40X*, 45X*, 15ХМ*, 50Г2*, 35XM*, 34XM (34XMA)

40, 45, 40X*, 55*, 50G2*, 35XM*, 40ХН*, 20Х, 34XM (34XMA)

45, 45X*, 40X, 40ХН*, 38ХГН, 34ХН1М

40X, 45X*, 45X, 40ХН, 38ГН*

KP345
(35)

40, 45, 15Х, 40X*, 50Г2*, 45X*, 50Х*, 15ХМ*, 35XM*, 3.8ХГН*

45, 15ХМ, 20Х, 40X, 45X*, 50Х*, 50Г2*

40X, 45X*, 40ХН, 50Х*, 38ХГН

45X, 50Х, 38ХГН, 35XM, 15Х1М1Ф, 34XM (34XMA)

KP395
(40)

45, 30Х, 40X, 50Г2*, 15ХМ, 30ХМА, 40ХН, 30ХГС*, 34ХН1М*, 18ХГТ

35Х, 40X, 45X, 34XM, 35XM, 40ХФА, 40ХН, 38ХГН, 15Х1М1Ф, 34ХН1М*, 34XM (34XMA)

40X, 45X, 40ХН, 35XM, 38ХГН, 40ХФА, 34XM (34XMA)

40ХН, 35XM, 38ХГН, 34XM (34XMA)

KP440
(45)

40X, 35XM, 40ХН, 38ХГН, 25Х1М1Ф*, 34ХН1М, 30ХМА, 15ХМ

40X, 45X, 35XM, 40ХН, 30ХМА, 35ХМА, 25Х1М1Ф*, 34ХН1М, 45ХНМ*, 34XM (34XMA)

45X, 35XM, 40ХН, 34ХН1М, 38ХГН, 45ХНМ, 34XM (34XMA)

40ХН, 34ХН1М, 45ХНМ*, 38Х2Н2МА, 40ХН2МА

KP490
(50)

55, 55Х, 35Х, 40X, 45X, 15ХМ, 35XM, 30ХГСА, 30ХМА, 38ХМ, 38ХГН, 40ХН, 25Х1МФ

40X, 45X, 35XM, 40HFA, 40HN, 30HGSA, 35HGSA, 38HGN, 25H2M1F*, 25H1M1F, 20H1M1F1TR, 34HN1M, 30HN2MFA, 45HNM*, 34XM (34XMA)

34ХН1М, 30ХН2МФА, 40ХН2МА, 45ХНМ

34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА

KP540
(55)

38ХС, 40ХН, 40ХФА, 38ХГН, 34ХН1М, 25Х1М1Ф, 30ХГСА

45X, 50Х, 35ХН, 40ХН, 30ХНМА, 40ХFA, 35ХГСА, 38ХГН, 34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА

34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА

KP590
(60)

45X, 38ХС, 38ХГ, 35ХГСА, 35XM, 40ХН, 45ХН, 38ХГН, 30ХН3А, 25Х1МФ, 30ХГСА

50Х, 34ХНМА, 40ХН, 25Х1М1Ф, 38Х2МУА, 35ХНМА, 3ОХГСА, 34ХН1М, 20Х1М1Ф1ТР, 25Х2М1Ф, 40ХН2МА, 34Х1МА, 45ХНМ

34ХН1М, 40Х2Н2МА, 45ХНМ

40ХН2МА, 45ХНМ

KP640
(65)

45X, 50Х, 45ХН, ЗОХГСА, 35ХГСА, 34ХН1М

34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА, 34ХН3М*

34ХН3М, 38ХН3МА, 40ХН2МА, 40Х2Н2МА

38ХН3МА, 38ХН3МФА, 34ХН3М 35ХН1М2ФА, 36Х2Н2МFA

KP685
(70)

30ХГТ, 30ХГСА, 20ХН3А, 20Х1М1Ф1ТР, 20ХН3А, 25Х2М1Ф*, 34ХН1М, 34ХН3М*

50KhFA, 25Kh1MlF, 25Kh2MF1, 34KhN3M*, 34KhN1M, 38KhN3MA* 38KhN3MFA*, 40KhN2MA

34ХН3М*, 38ХН3МА*, 38ХН3МВА*, 38ХН2МА, 18Х2Н4МА, 45ХНМ

38KhN3MA, 38KhN3MFA, 34KhN3M, 36Kh2N2MFA

KP735
(75)

34ХН1М, 40ХН2МА, 34ХН3М*, 40Х2Н2МА, 38Х2Н2МА

34ХН3М*, 40ХН2МА, 38ХН3МА*, 38ХН3МВА*, 18Х2Н4МА

34ХН3М, 38ХН3МА, 36Х2Н2МФА

34ХН3М, 38ХН3МФА

KP785
(80)

18Kh2N4VA, 38KhN3MFA*. 34ХН3МА*, 38Х2Н2МА, 40ХН2МА

34ХН1МА, 34ХН3МА, 36Х2Н2МВА, 38ХН3МВА, 40ХН2МА, 38Х2Н2М

34KhN3MA, 38KhN3MFA, 38KhN3MA, 36Kh2N2MFA

Note: The sign “*” means that the steel is in a normalized state; In other steel grades, the corresponding strength category is ensured by quenching and tempering.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1,2, 3).