Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky: the path from saboteur to collective farm chairman. Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky Collective farm dawn named after Orlovsky history

Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich - commander of the partisan detachment "Falcons" of the Baranovichi region of the Belarusian SSR, lieutenant colonel of state security;
Chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR.
Born on January 18 (30), 1895 in the village of Myshkovichi, now the Kirov district of the Mogilev region (Belarus) in the family of a middle peasant. Russian. In 1910 he graduated from parochial school. He worked on his father's farm.
In 1915 he was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army. He served as a private in the 251st reserve infantry regiment (Moscow), in 1917 - in the sapper platoon of the 65th infantry regiment on the Western Front. After the February Revolution, he was elected by the soldiers as a platoon commander. Participant of the First World War, junior non-commissioned officer. After demobilization at the end of 1917, he returned to his homeland.
Participant in the Civil War from June 1918: fighter of the Krasnokocherichsky partisan detachment in Bobruisk province, fought against the German occupiers. From December 1918 to May 1919 - employee of the Orsha district and Bobruisk provincial Cheka. In 1920 he graduated from the Moscow Infantry Command Course.
In 1920-1935 he served in the GPU-NKVD of the USSR. In May 1920, the detachment crossed the line of the Soviet-Polish front and until 1925 continuously participated in the so-called “active combat operations” on the territory of Lithuania and Poland as part of combat detachments formed on the territory of the RSFSR, thrown into the territory of these countries in order to deploy a massive partisan movements. Despite a number of successes, by the mid-1920s it became clear that the population was increasingly moving away from cooperation with the Soviet partisans, and it was decided to curtail combat work; in 1925, all units were returned to the territory of the USSR. In May 1925, K.P. also crossed the border. Orlovsky.
Orlovsky was sent to study and in 1930 graduated from the Communist University of National Minorities of the West. From May 1930 - in the Directorate of the GPU for the Byelorussian SSR, the authorized representative of the special department of the OGPU/NKVD in the 5th Rifle Corps (Bobruisk), was engaged in the selection of partisan personnel in case of war. Since January 1936 - site manager for the construction of the Volga-Moscow canal.
In January 1937 - January 1938, he participated in the national revolutionary war of the Spanish people of 1936-1939, commander of a sabotage and reconnaissance group. At its head, he made a number of trips behind enemy lines, and also carried out a long 800-kilometer raid behind the rear of the Francoists. Since January 1938, he studied at special courses at the Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR in Moscow. Since February 1939 - assistant to the rector of the Chkalov Agricultural Institute (Chkalov, now Orenburg).
Since July 1940 - in the 5th department of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR. Since March 1941 - on a business trip abroad in China under the cover of the head of the geological department. In March 1942, after repeated requests to his leadership and People's Commissar L.P. Beria was returned to his homeland and enlisted in the apparatus of the 4th Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR.
A participant in the Great Patriotic War since October 1942, when he was thrown behind enemy lines, into Belovezhskaya Pushcha. K.P. Orlovsky was the commander of the special-purpose partisan detachment “Falcons”, which operated in the Baranovichi region of the Byelorussian SSR. The detachment led by him successfully carried out a number of operations to destroy industrial facilities and military echelons of the enemy. The actions of the people's avengers met with warm support from the population of the temporarily occupied areas, so the ranks of the partisans were constantly replenished, and in 1943 K.P. Orlovsky’s detachment numbered more than 350 fighters.
On February 17, 1943, having skillfully organized an ambush, the soldiers of the “Falcons” detachment destroyed the General Commissioner of the city of Baranovichi Friedrich Fenz, the Gebietskommissar of the Baranovichi region Friedrich Stür and the Obergruppenführer of the SS troops Ferdinand Zacharius, seizing important documents and weapons. In this battle, K.P. Orlovsky was seriously wounded, losing both hands (the hands were amputated by a partisan doctor without anesthesia with an ordinary saw). After recovery, he continued to command the detachment.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1943, for the courage and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
In August 1943, he was recalled to Moscow and continued to serve in the bodies of the People's Commissariat of State Security of the Belarusian SSR. Unable to fully perform official duties due to serious injuries and not wanting to be a disabled pensioner, in July 1944 he wrote a letter to I.V. Stalin, where he asked to be appointed chairman of a collective farm in the liberated regions of the Belarusian USSR and promised to restore the economy and bring it to the forefront. Since December 1944, Lieutenant Colonel of State Security K.P. Orlovsky is on the reserve list due to disability.
Since January 1945, the former partisan commander has been the chairman of the Rassvet collective farm in the Mogilev region of the Belarusian SSR. In just a few post-war years he managed to revive the farm. And in the late 1950s - early 1960s, the fame of the Rassvet collective farm thundered throughout the entire Soviet Union. Collective farmers of Orlovsky, one of the first in the country, earned a million in net profit. And, as his fellow countrymen recalled, although Kirill Prokofievich could not put on his boots on his own, he had the will to establish iron discipline on the collective farm and turn a lagging collective farm into a leading one.
By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 18, 1958, for the outstanding successes achieved in the development of agriculture in the production of grain, potatoes, flax, meat, milk and other agricultural products, and the introduction of scientific achievements and advanced experience into production Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee (1956-1961). Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 3rd - 7th convocations (since 1950).
Died January 13, 1968. He was buried in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirov district, Mogilev region (Belarus).
Awarded 5 Orders of Lenin (11/13/1937; 09/20/1943; 12/30/1948; 01/18/1958; 03/22/1966), Orders of the Red Banner (04/30/1946), Red Banner of Labor of the Belarusian SSR (1932), medals, including " For labor valor" (12/25/1959), "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st degree (09/02/1943), honorary firearms from the OGPU of the USSR (11/6/1923).
A bronze bust of the Hero was installed in his homeland, where a museum was opened in memory of him. The streets of a number of Belarusian cities and collective farms are named after him.
K.P. Orlovsky became the prototype of the main character in the legendary feature film of the mid-60s of the 20th century “The Chairman”.

From the page of E. Kukui

His heroic biography would be enough for several lives, but he lived only one. But what! The leader of a sabotage detachment in Poland, a participant in the civil war in Spain, a Soviet intelligence officer in China, commander of a partisan detachment during the Great Patriotic War. Having lost both arms, he did not lose heart and in 1945 headed a collective farm, which was the first in the USSR to receive a million in net profit.

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky - Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor, holder of five Orders of Lenin and many other awards served as the prototype for the main characters for two world-famous writers - Ernest Hemingway ("For Whom the Bell Tolls") and Yuri Nagibin (script of the film "The Chairman" with Mikhail Ulyanov).

SABOTEUR

Orlovsky began his military career in the tsarist army as a non-commissioned officer, participated in the First World War, and rose to the rank of commander of a sapper platoon. He accepted the creation of the world's first state of workers and peasants with all his heart. In June 1918, on instructions from the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that operated against German troops. Then he worked in the Cheka.

Under the terms of the peace treaty in 1921, Western Belarus and Western Ukraine were transferred to Poland. Orlovsky soon ended up there at the head of a sabotage detachment. It was assumed that the armed detachments would become the core of a nationwide partisan movement in the occupied Belarusian and Ukrainian lands, which would lead to their reunification with the USSR.

Trains flew downhill, bridges exploded, landowners' estates, railway stations and towns were captured... The Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs gave 10 billion marks for the head of the Red saboteur, who operated under the pseudonym Mucha-Michalski!

In 1925, the Soviet leadership decided that sabotage methods of struggle had exhausted themselves, and gave instructions to “concentrate all efforts on organizational mass work among the peasants.” But the vast experience gained in Poland could not be wasted. Therefore, the leadership invited Kirill to work in a special department of the NKVD for the selection and training of partisan personnel for wartime.

Then there was Spain, unprecedented 500- and 750-kilometer reconnaissance and sabotage raids along the rear of the Francoists.

In Madrid, he lived in the same hotel with Hemingway for a week and talked with him. The writer was fascinated by the great saboteur, listened to his stories, and asked endless questions. The result of these conversations was the novel “For Whom the Bell Tolls,” where Orlovsky was based on the prototype of the main character Robert Jordan.

Meanwhile, Kirill himself received a severe spinal contusion from a nearby grenade explosion. The doctors' verdict was merciless - he should be given a commission and not fit to work in the special services.

However, scouts are not former. In March 1941, under the guise of an employee of the People's Commissariat of Flowers, he went to Alma-Ata to organize a base for our agents in China. Later, in the Middle Kingdom, he carries out a textbook operation to save our resident, stealing him from under the nose of Chinese counterintelligence and taking him to the USSR in a bale of cotton wool.

With the beginning of the war, events developed rapidly: already on the sixth day, Nazi troops occupied Minsk, Kirill Prokofievich was eager to return to his native Belarus, demanding to be sent to the front. The command is adamant - Orlovsky is needed here. And then the famous saboteur writes a report addressed to Stalin. The reaction was immediate - Orlovsky was recalled and appointed to command the special-purpose partisan detachment "Falcons", operating on the territory of Belarus.

In February 1943, intelligence information was received that high-ranking Germans with numerous guards would be passing along one of the roads in the Baranovichi region. Even before dawn, the commander brought 12 of his soldiers in camouflage suits to the road. We had to wait 12 hours in the snow pits! Only at six in the evening did the transport appear. When the carts caught up with the disguised partisans, they opened heavy fire. As a result, the Sokolov fighters killed the General Commissioner of the city of Baranovichi, Friedrich French, the Gebietskommissar of the Baranovichi region, Friedrich Stür, and the Obergruppenführer of the SS troops, Ferdinand Zasornas, 8 officers and more than 30 guards, seizing important documents and weapons.

“There were no casualties on our side,” Kirill Prokofievich will write first. And only then will he point out: “In this battle I was seriously wounded and shell-shocked.” This is all Orlovsky. The matter was complicated by the fact that there was no doctor in the detachment, and the doctor of the neighboring detachment did not have anesthesia or a surgical saw. Then they got a hacksaw, sharpened it, cleaned it with emery, boiled it in boiling water and performed the operation without anesthesia. The commander's right arm was amputated at the shoulder, and four fingers on his left. Due to concussion, he lost 50% of his hearing. Who would be able to fight with such an injury? But... “Three months later I got up. The partisans did not let me become a cripple. I was in command of my squad again." Only in the fall of 1943 Orlovsky was recalled to Moscow, where he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Still from the film "The Chairman". The hero's biography inspired the writer Nagibin and director Saltykov
CHAIRMAN

It would seem that the honored hero, according to all conceivable laws and concepts, received the right to a comfortable rest for life. And the restless Orlovsky again writes a letter to Stalin: “Materially, I live very well... Morally, it’s bad.” A disabled person of the first group - without both hands, who can hardly take care of himself, cannot dress and put on shoes, wash and eat, is almost deaf... Do you think this is what the letter is talking about? “I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work.”

In the letter, Kirill Prokofievich clearly and convincingly explains what and how he could do to restore the economy destroyed by the war. “If the USSR Government had issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in goods terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved would be the following indicators... I must say that the gross income of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles. According to my calculations, the same collective farm in 1950 could achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.”

It is striking not only that Orlovsky takes on such an overwhelming task, but also that Stalin allocates the requested funds, although the war is not over yet.

In the village of Myshkovichi at that time, collective farmers lived in dugouts; there was almost not a single hut left standing. But Kirill Prokofievich began not with the construction of housing, but with the introduction of almost military discipline, the establishment of strict accounting, control and responsibility of everyone for material assets and the organization of work. And he established the law of life in the household: do not be idle, do not steal, do not get drunk, do not waste words. Gradually the economy began to revive.

The Orlovsky collective farm is still operating
Kirill Prokofievich fulfilled all his promises. Under the leadership of Orlovsky, the Rassvet collective farm became the first millionaire collective farm in the Soviet Union and grew into a large diversified enterprise. Villages of urban-type houses were built here, the collective farm had a machine yard, a vegetable plant, a sewing, dairy and sausage shop, carpentry and plumbing workshops, a mill, a mineral water bottling shop, a secondary school, a shopping center, a nursery, a restaurant, hotel, stadium, library, post office, public bathhouse, first aid station, comprehensive reception center for consumer services, automatic telephone exchange, Palace of Culture, children's music school, shops and the first own sanatorium in the republic. Paved roads were built to fields, farms and villages.

Eyewitnesses describe it this way: “The bins in the collective farmers’ yards were bursting with goodness. He rebuilt the village, paved the road to the regional center and the village street, built a club and a ten-year school. I didn’t have enough money - I took all my savings (200 thousand) from the book and invested it in school. I paid stipends to students, preparing a personnel reserve.”

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was called as many names as - the wolf man, the legend man, the plow man. This cool, straightforward and honest man infected everyone with his irrepressible energy and never complained about his lot. His wife recalled: “I always went with him, he couldn’t do it alone. He was very worried about being crippled.” Only once, according to his wife, the chairman was glad that he had no hands. It was in Moscow at the next session. Nikita Khrushchev, whom Orlovsky did not like, spoke. He performed, everyone clapped and clapped for him, and there was a standing ovation. And Kirill Prokofievich whispers to his wife: “It’s good that I have no arms. Don’t clap for this tourist.”

In the center of the village of Myshkovichi, a bust was erected to Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky, at the foot of which there are two symbols of his fate - a rifle and a plow. Two symbols that define his human essence are a fighter and a worker.

Alexey Maksimov

“I would make nails out of these people:
There couldn’t be any stronger nails in the world.”

Nikolay Tikhonov

A nail is a fastener,
used for fastening parts.

Wikipedia

There are such historical figures, and Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky, without a doubt, earned this designation with his whole life, and not only, and not so much for the feats he accomplished, for which he was awarded the titles of Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor, but, above all, for that moral component, by which it can be compared with examples of moral fortitude and valor generally recognized by mankind.

Using his example, we will show how important the personal aspect is in process management and how conceptual authority can be realized.

On the conceptual power of ordinary people

People’s lives do not proceed haphazardly, but always in line with certain concepts of the life of society in the continuity of generations. Concepts, representing algorithms for the self-government of society, can be perceived by people in some of their fragments, but at the same time remain outside their awareness as a whole, even in minimal detail. Nevertheless, they exist objectively, since every society is self-governing in some way, and information and moral standards, which together constitute algorithms of social self-government, are also objective.

And from ancient times there were and are now people who found themselves:

capable of perceiving different concepts in some images,
understand each of them in more or less detail,
according to one’s morally determined arbitrariness, to give preference to one of them,
to influence their entirety, possibly putting forward a new concept, thereby changing the further course of life by their morally conditioned arbitrariness and understanding by means available to them.

With the utmost generalization of concepts, there are only two: either in line with the formation of humanity on the planet, or in line with the formation of slavery up to outright Satanism.

Often, as a result of an obsession with some ideas or religious tradition, an individual considers the establishment of humanity on the planet to be a utopia, a pipe dream, and therefore, before the conscious will of the individual sets the intellect the task of thinking about “conceptual power: myth or reality?”, its unconscious levels psychics will block rethinking of this topic and he will remain of the opinion:

What conceptual power? - you have to live like everyone else: work, raise children, etc.

How do the notorious “everyone” live? Why do they live this way and not otherwise? Can they live differently and will a different way of life be more beneficial? - these questions either do not arise, or they frighten you with the possibility of losing what you already have without receiving anything better in return. But, as historical experience shows, the reluctance to deal with them in one form or another, determined by the historical era, leads to the fact that people are deprived of what they have, receiving in return something even worse, which they begin to fight only when it gains strength instead in order to nip this negative in the bud or put it in a state of impossibility of implementation, by putting forward in advance an alternative concept of the life of society.

Accordingly, by the term “conceptual power” we understand two mutually related phenomena:

firstly, the power of self-government algorithms (concepts) over the life of society and over the life of each person who is a member of this society;
secondly, the intra-societal power of those people who are able to understand in more or less detail the concepts that dominate society and, according to their morally determined arbitrariness, have a conscious and purposeful impact on the entire set of concepts, eliminating the influence of some and giving power to the algorithms of others, coordinating with them , first of all, your own behavior and connecting the psyche of others with them.

If a person has certain personal qualities, observation, knowledge and skills, thinks about the relationships in the lives of the people around him who make up society, then as a result he has the full function of controlling the flow of a certain set of events, the course of which he himself builds in the direction he has chosen, and in line with which he acts. This complete control function, in turn, turns out to be a component in some comprehensive totality of the course of events, which either supports it or suppresses it. This encompassing set of events can also represent a process of management (or self-government) over a complete function.

Accordingly, true democracy is possible only in a society where the working majority is conceptually powerful in a sincere desire to stay in line with the development of humanity (in other words, God’s Providence), which excludes the possibility of abuse by conceptually powerful egoists and their corporations, which represent a degraded minority, against the majority .

And we want to talk about one such person who showed conceptual authority and whose activity in the full management function was integrated into the comprehensive full management function of another manager from God in our country.

About valor, about exploits, about glory...

But first, about the deeds.

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky, the son of a peasant during the difficult years of the revolution and civil war, quickly decided on his position in life - he became an active supporter of the state of workers and peasants and never deviated from this path. Already in June 1918, by the way, in the same year, he joined the CPSU (b), on the instructions of the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that acted against German troops. From December 1918 to April 1919 he served in the Bobruisk Cheka. In 1920 - 1925 he led partisan detachments in Western Belarus, which was part of Poland, through the “active intelligence” of the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army. The partisans of the detachments he led carried out several dozen military operations, including: three passenger trains were stopped, a railway bridge was blown up, two railway stations, three towns, several landowners' estates were occupied, over 100 gendarmes and landowners were destroyed.

Since 1925 in the service of state security agencies. In 1936 - head of the construction site for the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal (that is, a GULAG worker). In 1937 - 1938 he carried out combat missions during the Spanish Civil War. He headed sabotage and reconnaissance groups, at the head of one of them he carried out a long 800-kilometer raid behind enemy lines, which the republican command assessed as “unprecedented.” During one of the battles with the Francoists, he received a severe spinal contusion from a nearby grenade explosion.

Due to health reasons, in 1938 he was dismissed from military service in the state security agencies, and in 1939 - 1940 he worked as vice-rector for economic affairs at the Chkalov Agricultural Institute (Orenburg) and at the same time studied (at the age of 45) there as a student (!).

In July 1940, he was reinstated in state security service. From March 1941, he went on a special mission to Xinjiang (China), where he organized intelligence work under cover.

During the Great Patriotic War, after numerous personal requests, in 1942 he was included in the Special Group of the NKVD and from October 1942 to August 1943 successfully led the large partisan detachment "Falcons", operating in the Baranovichi region.

On February 17 - 18, 1943, a detachment under the command of Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky (12 fighters) attacked a fascist convoy on one of the roads in the Baranovichi region. As a result of the raid, Hauptcommissar Friedrich Fenz, SS Obergruppenführer Zacharius, as well as 10 officers and more than 30 soldiers were killed. Orlovsky’s detachment did not suffer any losses; Orlovsky himself was seriously wounded. His right arm was amputated at the shoulder, 4 fingers on his left and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50 - 60%.

In August 1943 he was recalled to Moscow and sent for further service in the NKGB of the Belarusian SSR.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 20, 1943, for the courage and bravery shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

Having lost the ability to perform full-fledged military service in state security agencies due to disability, Orlovsky addressed a personal letter to I.V. Stalin, in which he asked to be allowed to head one of the most destroyed collective farms in the Mogilev region of the Belarusian SSR and promised to bring him to the forefront.

Letter

This statement was classified as “Top Secret”, since it contained information about the operational activities of the state security agencies, clearly not intended to ever be published, written just three days after Minsk was liberated, when the the battles near Slonim, Baranovichi, and in Berlin they discussed plans for a counterattack from East Prussia in the direction of Grodno - Minsk, tells more about the person who wrote it than entire volumes of books or we can bring up in this short article. We will accompany the text of the letter with inserts explaining the essence of Orlovsky’s conceptual authority over the complete management function.

Moscow, Kremlin, Comrade Stalin.

From Hero of the Soviet Union
Lieutenant Colonel of State Security

Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich.

Statement.

Dear Comrade Stalin!

Let me hold your attention for a few minutes and express to you my thoughts, feelings and aspirations.

I was born in 1895 in the village. Myshkovichi, Kirov district, Mogilev region, in the family of a middle peasant.

Until 1915, he worked and studied on his farm, in the village of Myshkovichi.

From 1915 to 1918 he served in the tsarist army as the commander of a sapper platoon.

From 1918 to 1925 he worked behind the lines of the German occupiers, Belopoles and Belolitovos as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups. At the same time, he fought for four months on the Western Front against the White Poles, for two months against the troops of General Yudenich, and for eight months he studied in Moscow at the 1st Moscow Infantry Command Course.

From 1925 to 1930 he studied in Moscow at the Komvuz of the Peoples of the West.

From 1930 to 1936 he worked in a special group of the NKVD of the USSR for the selection and training of sabotage and partisan personnel in the event of war with the Nazi invaders in Belarus.

In 1936 he worked on the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal as a construction site manager.

Throughout 1937, he was on a business trip to Spain, where he fought behind the lines of fascist troops as the commander of a sabotage and partisan group.

1939 - 1940 he worked and studied at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute.

In 1941, he was on a special mission in Western China, from where, at his personal request, he was recalled and sent to the deep rear of the German invaders as the commander of a reconnaissance and sabotage group.

Thus, from 1918 to 1943, I was lucky enough to work for 8 years behind enemy lines of the USSR as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and state border over 70 times, carry out government tasks, kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union as if in war , and in peacetime, for which the Government of the USSR awarded me two Orders of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Member of the CPSU(b) since 1918. I have no party penalties.

On the night of February 17, 1943, human intelligence brought me information that on 17/II-43, Wilhelm Kube (Commissar General of Belarus), Friedrich Fens (Commissar of the three regions of Belarus), Obergruppenführer Zacharius, 10 officers and 40-50 of their guards.

At this time, I had only 12 of my soldiers with me, armed with one light machine gun, seven machine guns and three rifles. During the day, in open areas, on the road, attacking the enemy was quite risky, butIt wasn’t in my nature to let a big fascist reptile pass by , and therefore, even before dawn, I brought my soldiers in white camouflage robes to the road itself, put them in a chain and camouflaged them in snow pits 20 meters from the road along which the enemy was supposed to pass.

Everyone is responsible for their actions first of all to their conscience. And there are few people who will fulfill their duty to her as selflessly.

For twelve hours in the snow pits, my comrades and I had to lie and wait patiently...

At six o'clock in the evening, enemy transport appeared from behind the hill and when the carts caught up with our chain, at my signal our machine-gun fire was opened, as a result of which Friedrich Fens, 8 officers, Zacharius and more than 30 guards were killed.

My comrades calmly took all the fascist weapons and documents, took off their best clothes and went into the forest in an organized manner, to their base.

There were no casualties on our side. In this battle, I was seriously wounded and shell-shocked, as a result of which my right arm was amputated at the shoulder, 4 fingers on my left, and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%. There, in the forests of the Baranovichi region, I became physically stronger and in August 1943 I was summoned to Moscow by radiogram.

Thanks to the People's Commissar of State Security, Comrade Merkulov, and the Head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov .

The Lenin-Stalin Party raised me to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin ?

Full control function- a hierarchically ordered sequence of actions of different quality, including:

Identification of an environmental factor that causes the need for control in the subject who encounters it.
Formation of a set of characteristics that allows recognizing this factor in the future.
Formation of a vector of management goals in relation to a given factor and inclusion of this vector of goals in the general vector of goals of one’s behavior (self-government).
Formation of the target function (concept) of control based on solving the problem of stability in the sense of predictability of behavior.
Organization of a purposeful management structure that carries the target management function.
Control (monitoring and correction) over the activities of the structure in the process of management carried out by it.
Its elimination in case of unnecessary use or maintenance in working order until the next use.

Points 1 and 7 are always present in the complete control function.

At the same time, the ability to identify environmental factors that cause the need for control, as happened with Orlovsky, is one of the most important discrimination abilities for a person. The Koran reports this ability as follows:

O you who believe! If you are careful not to anger God (translation option: if you revere God), He will give you Discernment and cleanse you from your evil deeds and forgive you. Verily, God is the possessor of great mercy!” — 8:29.

As a result of differentiation in a person’s consciousness, a certain object or process is revealed against the background surrounding it (“This” against the background of “Not This”) and its relationships with other objects and processes can be comprehended and repeatedly rethought. If there is no distinction, then the object, the process cannot be identified, appears invisible, as well as non-existent, and the subject, with all his desire, cannot organize control in relation to it.

The emerging need for control is expressed in the disappearance of psychological comfort - a different factor begins to put pressure on the psyche. So Orlovsky described this state of his with the words:

…financially I live very well. Morally - bad .

...did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin ?

After this, goals are developed in relation to the factor pressing on the psyche.

To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted as much time as possible to working on agricultural literature .

From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main work, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, took a closer look at this business and fell in love with it.

I used my stay at the Chkalov Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, to the fullest in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that could ensure the organization of an exemplary collective farm.

It is also striking that Orlovsky, while working in the authorities, thought not only about his current professional activity, but about the future - what he would and could do “in civilian life.” That is, he developed himself in different directions, without confining himself to one “grain profession.”

If the USSR Government had issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in goods terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:

From one hundred forage cows (in 1950), I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each forage cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of the dairy breeding farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the fat content of milk.
Sow at least seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 obtain at least 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.
Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners from each hectare, provided that even in June-July of this year there is no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70-80 centners.
In 1950, collective farm forces will plant an orchard on one hundred hectares in accordance with all agrotechnical rules that have been developed by agrotechnical science.
By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
The following buildings will be built before 1950:

barn for M-P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
barn for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
barn for young cattle No. 1 - 620 sq. m;
barn for young cattle No. 2 - 620 sq. m;
stable barn for 40 horses - 800 sq.m. m;
granary for 950 tons of grain;
shed for storing agricultural machinery, equipment and mineral fertilizer - 950 sq. m;
power station, with a mill and sawmill - 300 sq. m;
mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
garage for 7 cars;
petrol storage facility for 100 tons of fuel and lubricants;
bakery - 75 sq. m;
bathhouse - 98 sq. m;
a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
house for kindergarten - 180 sq. m;
barn for storing sheaves, straw, chaff - 750 sq.m. m;
Riga No. 2 – 750 sq. m;
storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
silo pits with brick-lined walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;

by the efforts of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a settlement with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a restroom and a small barn for the collective farmer’s livestock and poultry. The village will be a type of well-maintained, cultural village, surrounded by fruit and ornamental trees;

artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, the same collective farm in 1950 could achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.

Simultaneously with organizational and economic work, I will have time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members in such a way that will allow me to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultural and devoted people to the Lenin-Stalin party.

Any manager after reading this letter of request may have a question: “Well, okay, but How Are you going to achieve all this?”

The point is that probabilistic predetermination future in general always equal to exactly 1 (one). The future in general will always be, but which of its variants will come is not determined. Therefore, one can imagine that on one side of the scale lies 1.0 - the probabilistic predetermination of a definitely unknown future in general, then on the other side of the scale there should be a multitude of more or less detailed defined options for this future in general, distinguishable from one another, each of which can be chosen as a vector of goals management.

The probability of each of these different future options is always less than the probabilistic predetermination of the future in general, then equal to 1 (one).

Life is the practice of unambiguously implementing such multiple probabilistic predeterminations, expressing themselves in accomplished statistics.

Both the mathematical theory of probability and mathematical statistics, being an idealized model of the practice of implementing probabilistic predeterminations, either excludes the subjectivity of management from consideration, or includes private statistics of the subjectivity of managers, which describes the process along with other private statistics.

But both ways, although in different ways, are aspects of managerial capacity specific personality falls out of consideration of probability theory and mathematical statistics(which is actively used to justify any management decisions today). The process of realizing probabilistic predeterminations is always concrete.

The management process for a full function has individual uniqueness, since management is determined by the personality of the manager.

Statistical methods do not answer the questions: who personally and why falls into one statistics and falls out of another? They don’t care who it is: the result and its “weight” in statistics are important, not those who personally achieved it. In the practice of implementing probabilistic predeterminations in management tasks, it is the individual who carries within himself various possibilities or impossibility of carrying out this or that event.

Figuratively speaking, in control problems for a complete function:

“probabilistic predetermination of the event” = “mathematical probability of the “self-realization” of the event” * “personality of the manager as a bearer of certain capabilities.”

That is, probability is faceless, and probabilistic predetermination always has personal specificity, personally determined originality. And the same person can fit into one statistics and probabilistic-statistical models, but fall out of others.

That is why Orlovsky makes a rather long introduction about his previous achievements, including in detail describing the managerial experience of leading a detachment during individual operations, in order to show his managerial competence and ability to solve non-standard situations in unusual circumstances. If it was just a letter asking for money and promises, then Stalin would hardly have granted this request. Although, of course, there was a risk that Orlovsky would not cope with the processes that were new to him. After all, assurances are one thing, and the practice of implementation is another, even if everything has been thought through and changed many times. After all, there is also a personal aspect, not only of the manager himself who has taken on this or that work, but also of his subordinates, who can sabotage the overall activity.

Before writing you this statement and taking on these obligations, I have thoroughly considered many times, carefully weighed every step, every detail of this work, and have come to the deep conviction that I will carry out the above-mentioned work for the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this farm will be exemplary. farming for collective farmers of Belarus. Therefore, I ask for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, to send me to this work and to provide the loan I requested.

If any questions arise regarding this application, please call me for an explanation.

Application:

Description of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
Topographic map indicating the location of the collective farm.
Purchased loan estimate.

Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.

Request from K.P. Orlovsky was satisfied. The implementation of this small collective farm project on a national scale fit into Stalin’s general management concept and fit into his full management function, since it was precisely such people that he relied on in his activities.

It was these people who made Stalin's Soviet Union the second superpower of the world.

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky in January 1945 was elected chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet" (former "Red Partisan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region, which he led for 23 years.

Under his leadership, the Rassvet collective farm became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR.

K.P. Orlovsky at the construction of a stable. 1950

In 1958, K.P. Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle medal. But in general, for military and labor services, he was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, and many medals.

About the most important thing

Even a simple acquaintance with the biography of Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky seems to dot all the i’s and every sane person has no doubt that this is a Man with a capital M. And there is also a moral component, in our opinion the most important, for understanding such people “whom we should take as models.” After all, it was the morality of this manager that ensured the implementation of the very low possible probability of realizing the future - so that the destroyed collective farm (on the territory of Belarus that suffered most from the Nazis) would become the first millionaire collective farm among all the collective farms of the USSR.

This is how Kirill Prokofievich himself explained his actions:

Anyone reading this short report may think that I and my group made a heroic trek, expended a lot of energy with incredible tension on the nerves, that as soon as I could withstand a broken spine, rheumatism in the joints of my legs and at the age of 43, I could overcome this path and all his difficulties? Yes, the difficulties, the expenditure of energy and the tension on my nerves are incredibly great... I overcame all this thanks to unlimited hatred of the fascist enemies of the people and love for my work, for my profession (emphasis added when quoting).

I ask for your order to send me to the rear of the Nazi troops for red partisan and sabotage work, where I can bring incomparably more benefit in the defense of the socialist fatherland... if you send me, then I will give all my thoughts, feelings, heart and will be just like first, to smash the sworn enemy of humanity, the German fascists... (emphasis added when quoting).

...from 1918 to 1943 I was lucky enough to work behind enemy lines of the USSR for 8 years(emphasis added when quoting) as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and state border over 70 times, carry out government tasks, kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union...

…Financially I live very well. Morally - bad(emphasis added when quoted). The Lenin-Stalin Party raised me to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; My physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party? To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work...

Before writing you this statement and taking on these obligations, I have thoroughly considered many times, carefully weighed every step, every detail of this work (emphasis added when quoted), I have come to the deep conviction that I will carry out the above-mentioned work for the glory of our beloved Motherland ...

I'm certainly not an angel. I'm probably wrong(emphasis added when quoting), but subjectivity is alien and disgusting to me. I would despise myself for such shameful behavior.

Let us note that his words correspond to his deeds. And his deeds are highly moral and well-behaved. We won’t remember all his exploits, we’ll just give one specific example. When there was not enough money to build a school, K.P. Orlovsky withdrew all his savings from the book - 200 thousand - and invested them in construction.

But here’s what they say about him, not the dry lines of award lists and performance characteristics, but ordinary people who knew him through work and life:

Lecturer at the Chkalov Agricultural Institute G.M. Udovin:

I have never met a better vice-rector for economic affairs. He was a man of his word, always fulfilling his duties.

Old collective farmer Daria Ivanovna:

We all remember him like yesterday. After all, in everyone's life he(emphasis added when quoted).

Conclusion

But now is the time for us to ask - only honestly - ourselves:

Have I done everything to ensure that, well, not in everyone’s life, but at least in one person’s life, I remain remembered as a Man with a capital “H”?

It is precisely for this question and for everyone to search for an answer to it in good conscience that we have prepared this material.

"WHAT COURAGE!"

FROM THE INTERNET
World of news

SABOTEUR

Then there was Spain, unprecedented 500- and 750-kilometer reconnaissance and sabotage raids along the rear of the Francoists.

Still from the film "The Chairman". The hero's biography inspired the writer Nagibin and director Saltykov
CHAIRMAN

It is striking not only that Orlovsky takes on such an overwhelming task, but also that Stalin allocates the requested funds, although the war is not over yet.

Alexey Maksimov

A heavy saber that exploded in the hand of a Soviet intelligence officer and saboteur after being shot by a German sniper divided his life into two completely different parts. In the most difficult field conditions, using anesthesia in the form of a glass of vodka, an ordinary carpenter's saw, on a table hastily made from stakes and skis, and under fire, his right hand and four fingers on his left were completely amputated. The man was practically written off as a hopeless invalid, but after three months of treatment he was ready to return to duty.

Saboteur number 1

Writing about the former chairman of the Rassvet collective farm in the Kirov region, Kirill ORLOVSKY, turned out to be the most difficult for me. What new can be said about him when many films have already been made, essays and books have been written, when it is already well known that he became the prototype of one of the main characters of the legendary film “The Chairman” and the no less famous work of Ernest Hemingway “For Whom the Bell Tolls” ? And yet I dare to suggest that many, even from the older generation, are unlikely to remember this amazing, unique and at the same time simple person.

He was born into the family of a middle peasant in the village of Myshkovichi in the present Kirov district of the Mogilev region on January 30, 1895. Since his close relatives are no longer in Belarus, I will talk about him based on materials provided by the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus.

Meeting of Sokolov commissars Grigory IVASHKEVICH and Kirill ORLOVSKY, 1967

So, from 1906 to 1910, Kirill Prokofievich studied at the Popovshchina parochial school. Almost simultaneously, until 1915, he worked on his father’s farm. At the age of 20, he enlisted in the tsarist army, received the rank of non-commissioned officer and the position of commander of a sapper platoon. He served in Moscow and then on the Western Front. He participated in the civil war as the commander of the Kacherichsky Red Partisan detachment, and until May 1919 he was an employee of the Bobruisk Cheka. In 1920 he graduated from the Moscow courses for command personnel. He also took part in the Soviet-Polish war, commanding Red partisan detachments in Poland and Western Belarus. He worked together with Stanislav Vaupshasov. These two intelligence officers and saboteurs were so undercover that even the OGPU authorities did not know about them. The Presidium of the Polish Voivodeship appointed a high reward for the capture of Mucha-Michalski (one of Orlovski's pseudonyms).

Excerpt from a document dated May 9, 1924: “To the elder (in his own hand) in Stolin. Based on a proposal from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Poland, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers assigned 10 billion marks for the capture of the bandit Mucha-Michalski and at the same time promised a reward of up to 5 million marks to anyone who would provide relevant information to the police and facilitate the arrest of the said bandit.”

The autobiography of Kirill Orlovsky, located in the “personal sheet for registering leading personnel,” says that from 1925 to 1930 he studied at the Communist University of National Minorities of the West named after Markhlevsky, which trained political workers. After that, he worked under a special department of the NKVD of the BSSR for the selection and training of Red Partisan personnel in case of war. From May to January 1936, he was appointed commissioner of the special department of the NKVD of the 5th Rifle Corps of Bobruisk, then voluntarily went to the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal as the head of the section.

Ernest Hemingway

Throughout 1937, Orlovsky, under the pseudonym Strick (from striker - a drummer in the trigger mechanism of small arms. - Author) was on an illegal business trip in Spain, fighting as a commander of saboteurs. His group carried out the most complex operations, and Orlovsky himself was called a man with “exceptional personal courage.” There, in Spain, he lived for a week at the Gaylord Hotel in Madrid, where he met Ernest Hemingway, becoming the prototype for his hero Robert Jordan in For Whom the Bell Tolls. In order not to put his life at risk, Kirill Prokofievich was appointed adviser to the Madrid International reconnaissance and sabotage detachment, but he took his groups on raids twice more. During one of them, he received a severe spinal contusion - a grenade exploded too close.

In November 1938 he returned to Moscow. He was awarded the Order of Lenin for the fight against the Spanish fascists right in his hospital room. The doctors had their own “sentence” - recognition as unfit to work in the special services. And after his restoration, he was sent as deputy rector for the economic department of the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute, where, in addition to his immediate duties, Orlovsky managed to attend classes. By the way, this knowledge was useful to him later, in his work as chairman.

In the spring of 1941, Kirill Prokofievich was sent to Alma-Ata under the guise of an employee of the People's Commissariat of Non-ferrous Metallurgy. An experienced intelligence officer and saboteur was supposed to organize a base for Soviet agents. Having completed one task, he receives another: to kidnap a Soviet resident from Chinese counterintelligence in Xinjiang. As a result of a successful operation, he returned to the USSR in a cotton bale.

Spain, 1937 Kirill ORLOVSKY

When the Great Patriotic War began, “Kirill” (as he began to be referred to in operational correspondence. - Author) was still in China, but really wanted to be sent to Belarus to fight the fascists. He kept repeating: “I am a partisan fighter, not an operative.”

At the end of the summer, a letter arrived in Moscow addressed to the head of the 1st Directorate of the NKGB of the USSR, Pavel Fitin: “Kirill” asks to be sent to the rear of the Nazis to fight. Knows the area of Brest, Baranovichi, Pinsk well.” From Moscow they replied: “If necessary, we will use Kirill on another job. Now he must work in a military manner in the area entrusted to him.” Nevertheless, Orlovsky personally wrote to the USSR People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Lavrentiy Beria with a request to send him to the rear for partisan and sabotage work. The request was granted, he headed the partisan special forces detachment “Falcons”.

The National Archives contains a report from the commander of the reconnaissance and sabotage group of the NKGB of the BSSR, Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel Kirill Orlovsky to the Minister of State Security of the BSSR, Lieutenant General Lavrenty Tsanava, dated January 1951. Here is his excerpt:

“In May 1942, I was recalled from a special mission and arrived in Moscow. In the 4th Directorate of the NKGB of the USSR, Lieutenant General Sudoplatov instructed me to assemble and prepare a reconnaissance and sabotage group from among the NKVD troops in the amount of 20 people. By October 25, 1942, I completed my assignment. The group was selected and prepared consisting of: Deputy for Intelligence Nikolsky Sergei Aleksandrovich, Group Commissioner Captain Cherepanov, three radio operators with walkie-talkies and 15 fighters. On the night of October 25-26, 1942, we landed from a Douglas plane by parachute in the area of Lake Vygonovskoe on the border of the Pinsk and Baranovichi regions of the BSSR. In a dense forest, in the impassable Pinsk swamps, we hid our parachutes and crossed on foot to the territory of the Baranovichi region. Two kilometers from the Buda railway station, a small dugout was built in the forest, from which they carried out their reconnaissance and sabotage work for the first 4 months.

Already in February 1943, several small groups, numbering 195 people, worked under my leadership, more than half of whom lived in Baranovichi and villages. In the first period, we used my old connections in sabotage and reconnaissance work from 1920 to 1925. In particular, connections were restored in the village of Kuleni, Lyakhovichi district, with two Fedorovich brothers, Skuley, Melnikov, Khaletsky and Shpak from the village of Talminovichi and others, who helped me establish contact with the population and establish reconnaissance and sabotage work. The population of the Baranovichi region supplied us with food, intelligence data and shelter from the enemy. After the destruction of the landowners' estates, we distributed all food and livestock to the local population. This made it easier to recruit signalmen, and significant additions came to our ranks. As a result of sabotage and reconnaissance work, 2 police garrisons were destroyed (the following is a list of operations carried out. - Author).

At 12 o'clock in the morning from February 16 to 17, 1943, intelligence officer Vasily Khaletsky reported that at 11 o'clock on February 17, Commissioner of Belarus Wilhelm Kube, his deputy Gebietskommissar Friedrich Fenz, fascist head of Belarusian forests Zacharius and other prominent fascist leaders. They will be accompanied by 40 security guards. They must travel from the town of Sinyavka, Baranovichi region, where they will arrive by car at the Mashuki forestry, and then go deeper into the forest on carts with the above-mentioned guards and a large number of dogs. There was little time left before the start of the operation, most of my people were sent on a mission, and only 15 people remained with me, armed with one light machine gun, 5 machine guns and a rifle.

Having put on camouflage robes, before dawn, a group of 15 soldiers and I approached the Sinyavka - Mashukovsky forests road and camouflaged ourselves in the snow 15 meters from it. They waited patiently for their “prey.” At 11 o'clock in the morning an enemy convoy appeared on the road. In preparation for the operation, he carefully explained the task to each soldier. He ordered me to open fire only on my signal after the light machine gun fired. After this, everyone had to shoot at the figures riding on the enemy’s convoy. Each fighter was 15-20 meters from each other. I hoped that the outcome of the battle could end positively if we took advantage of the moment of surprise and heroically dared in this battle. As the convoy approached me, I noticed that the guards were waiting for us to meet. German soldiers and police kept their weapons and dogs at the ready. Considering that the superiority of forces was on the enemy’s side, it would have been pointless to open fire on him, I did not give the signal for battle. The enemy drove by without noticing us at all. I decided to meet him at the same place at 5-6 o'clock in the evening when returning from hunting, taking into account that vigilance would be lowered and the German soldiers would be tired during the day. My fighters were dissatisfied with the decision, as well as with the February frost, which penetrated to the bones. We remained motionless in the snow for about 12 hours.

At 6 pm at dusk we saw the same convoy, only from the opposite side. The enemy guards calmed down. Apparently, she believed that the danger for them had passed. The weapons were put in the sleigh, and the authorities, half drunk, with two dead boars lying on the sleigh, rode to the town of Sinyavka. When the convoy approached to a distance of 10-15 meters, I gave the signal for battle. Friedrich Fens, Zacharius, 10 fascist officers and 30 guards were killed. Only two officers and two police officers escaped. There were no losses on our side. During the battle, I managed to throw two bundles of 800 grams of tola under the sled. The third bunch, which I intended to throw, exploded in my hands. I was seriously wounded and shell-shocked, and was taken to Tsygankov’s partisan detachment for treatment, since there was no doctor in the group. As it turned out later, on February 18, a large punitive detachment arrived at the site of our battle, but we were no longer there. We learned that Commissioner Wilhelm Kube did not come to hunt then. I received medical treatment in the detachment, but could no longer participate in sabotage work. On February 23, due to the onset of gangrene, I was amputated without anesthesia and with a simple saw. In August 1943, he was taken to Moscow by plane.”

In September 1943, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

He worked in intelligence for 8 years, crossed the front line 72 times and carried out operations for which special forces soldiers are now trained. And although he was completely written off with severe injuries and disability group I and was sent home to his family, his restless nature did not allow him to sit still.

On July 6, 1944, he wrote a letter to Joseph Stalin: “Thanks to the People’s Commissar of State Security, Comrade Merkulov, and the Head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov, I live very well financially. Morally - bad. The Lenin-Stalin Party raised me to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin?

To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted as much time as possible to working on agricultural literature.

From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main work, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, took a closer look at this business and fell in love with it.

If the USSR Government had issued a loan in the amount of 2,175 thousand rubles in goods terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then in my homeland, in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirov district, Mogilev region, on the collective farm "Red Partisan" before 1950 I would have achieved the following indicators: (the list follows. - Author).

I ask for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, to send me to this work and to provide the loan I requested.”

Kirill Orlovsky's request was granted, he returned to his small homeland. In January 1945, he was elected chairman of the Rassvet collective farm in the Kirov region.

We will tell you in the next article how the former saboteur and intelligence officer managed the farm, and “Rassvet” became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR.