The main events in the life of Nekrasov. The main dates of life and work of N. A. Nekrasova Interesting facts from the life of the poet

Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich - Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov (1821-1878). Biography in dates and facts

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov (1821-1878). Biography in dates and facts

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov
Realism
.

December 10, 1821

1832-1837

IN
1838

1840

1840-1844

1845-1846

WITH
1847

1856- a collection of “Poems” was published, which included the best works of the poet created over 10 years. This one was a big hit with readers. In the same year, Nekrasov went on a trip abroad, which lasted about a year.

1860s

1868

1870-1873

IN
1877

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov (1821-1878). biography in dates and facts

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov- Russian poet, perceived by his contemporaries as the flagship of revolutionary-democratic lyricism and the personification of the “conscience of the era.” In Nekrasov's lyrics, which opened a new page in the development of Russian
Realism, the dramas and tragedies of everyday life of representatives of the lower social classes unfolded and the deep properties of the national character were revealed
.

Life of N. Nekrasov in dates and facts

December 10, 1821. - born into a noble family in the town of Nemirovo, Vinnitsa district, Podolsk province. Three years later, the family moved to the village of Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province.

1832-1837— studied at the Yaroslavl gymnasium.

IN
1838. - came to St. Petersburg in the hope of continuing his education there, but when trying to enter the university, he failed and, having signed up as a free student, took up professional literary work.

1840- Nekrasov’s first poetry collection, “Dreams and Sounds,” was published, which was assessed negatively by critics. Distressed by the failure, the author bought up the copies available in bookstores and burned them.

1840-1844- a period of heavy literary labor, which, however, gave the poet access to well-known periodicals. During these years, N.A. Nekrasov became close to the literary critic Belinsky and the Panaevs, who played a prominent role in Russian literary life.

1845-1846— the collections “Physiology of St. Petersburg” and “Petersburg Collection” were published, which included Nekrasov’s works.

WITH
1847. and over the next 19 years, Nekrasov was the publisher and de facto editor of the Sovremennik magazine. The concept of this publication in the 40s. was largely determined by Belinsky. Despite the brutal pressure of censorship, Sovremennik maintained its position as an outpost of progressive thought.

1856- a collection of “Poems” was published, which included the best works of the poet created over 10 years. This book was a great success among readers. In the same year, Nekrasov went on a trip abroad, which lasted about a year.

1860s were overshadowed by painful events: the arrest of several Sovremennik employees and the subsequent closure of the magazine, the death of N. A. Dobrolyubov, one of the most talented literary critics and Nekrasov’s closest associates. At the same time, this period was extremely beneficial for the poet in a creative sense, as evidenced by the appearance of his numerous poems and the famous poem “Frost, Red Nose” (1864), as well as the beginning of work on the monumental poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'?” , which he wrote until the end of his life.

1868- got a job as one of the editors at the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.

1870-1873— the poems “Grandfather” (1870) and “Russian Women” (1873), dedicated to the theme of the Decembrists, were created.

IN
1877 Nekrasov’s collection “Last Songs” was published.

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(1860) Turgenev breaks with the radicalized Sovremennik (in particular, with N.A. Nekrasov; their mutual hostility remained until the end).

1821, November 28 (December 10). A son, Nikolai, was born into the family of retired lieutenant Alexei Sergeevich and Elena Andreevna Nekrasov.

1824-1832. After A. S. Nekrasov retired, the family moved to the village of Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province.

1838. The arrival of N. A. Nekrasov in St. Petersburg, an unsuccessful attempt to enter the university.

1840. The release of the first collection of poems, “Dreams and Sounds,” the circulation of which was almost completely destroyed by Nekrasov.

1841. Death of mother.

1842. Acquaintance with V. G. Belinsky.

1844-1845. Rapprochement with V. G. Belinsky. The almanac “Physiology of St. Petersburg” was published under the editorship of N. A. Nekrasov, which reflected the aesthetic quests of the “natural school”.

1846. Nekrasov's almanac "Petersburg Collection" contains the poems "On the Road" and "Lullaby".

1847. The beginning of Nekrasov's Sovremennik.

1848. Censorship persecution of Sovremennik. Based on a denunciation by F. Bulgarin, Nekrasov is summoned to the III Department. Nekrasov was under secret surveillance.

1853. Writes the series "Last Elegies".

1854. Arrival of N. G. to the editorial office of Sovremennik. Chernyshevsky .

1856. In connection with his departure abroad, N. A. Nekrasov transfers editorial duties to N. G. Chernyshevsky.
The publication of the collection "Poems by N. A. Nekrasov", which was a success.

1857. Return of N. A. Nekrasov to his homeland. The arrival of N. A. Dobrolyubov at Sovremennik.

1859. I.S. left the editorial office of Sovremennik. Turgenev .

1861. Death of N. A. Dobrolyubov. The poem "Peddlers" was written. Publication of the second edition of "Poems by N. A. Nekrasov."

1862. Arrest of N. G. Chernyshevsky. The first ban on Sovremennik and the suspension of its publication for 8 months.

1863. Resumption of the release of Sovremennik. Creation of the poem "Frost, Red Nose". Start of work on the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'."

1866. Closing of Sovremennik.

1868. Publication of the first issue of N. A. Nekrasov’s new magazine “Notes of the Fatherland” with the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”

1871-1872. Creation of the poems "Princess Trubetskaya" and "Princess Volkonskaya".

1876. Work on the fourth part of the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'."

1877. Publication of the book "Last Songs".

1878, December 27 (1879, January 8). Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov died. He was buried in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent in St. Petersburg.

The name of the Russian poet N. A. Nekrasov is known to everyone. Some loved his children's works “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares” or “Peasant Children”. For others, the poems “Frost, Red Nose” and “Who Lives Well in Rus'” come to mind. Still others associate this name with the protector of peasants and all the oppressed.

The difficult path taken by the poet in life and literature will be illustrated by a chronological table. Nekrasov was never afraid of difficulties, and no circumstances shook his confidence that the Russian people are worthy of respect and veneration.

Origin and childhood

The poet was a nobleman: his father, a stern and despotic man, had an estate in the Yaroslavl province. Nikolai lived in Greshnev from three Nekrasov N.A. - 1821-1877) before entering the gymnasium. This time left a heavy mark on the boy’s soul, as he often witnessed his father’s cruel attitude towards serfs, towards his submissive wife, and towards his own children. Also forever remembered were the Vladimir Road, along which people of different classes were constantly walking or driving somewhere, and the Great Russian Road - here he first heard the song of barge haulers.

The period of life associated with study is reflected in the chronological table.

From an early age, Nekrasov was distinguished by his readiness to defend his views. He had to overcome the first difficulties prepared by fate already in

Life in St. Petersburg: chronological table

At first, hunger and poverty awaited the ugly capital. But the desire to study and engage in literary creativity turned out to be stronger. Nikolai Alekseevich went through a difficult path from critics’ rejection of his first collection to the editor of the most popular magazines and a poet known throughout the country.

	Arrives in St. Petersburg	My father, a former officer, insisted on joining a noble regiment. But young Nekrasov chooses his own path, as a result of which he loses all support from home. For about 3 years he earns his living and attends lectures at the university. However, his dream never came true due to lack of funds.
	Meeting V. Belinsky	This meeting will largely determine the future fate of N. Nekrasov and will bring him closer to the democratic revolutionaries. Communication with a critic replaced university for the aspiring poet. In addition, Belinsky introduced him to literary circles.
	Rent by Sovremennik	Together with I. Panaev, they decide to take on the publication of a magazine created by A. Pushkin. Very soon all the progressive minds of St. Petersburg will begin to flock here. Until the closure of Sovremennik in 1866, he was its editor.
	Civil marriage with A. Panaeva	N. A. Nekrasov dedicated the best poems of love lyrics to Avdotya Yakovlevna. But they were also like-minded people and comrades.
	Invents "Whistle"	It was a supplement to Sovremennik. The idea belonged entirely to N. Nekrasov, but N. Dobrolyubov was largely involved in the publication.
	Becomes the owner of the estate	The Karabikha estate was located in the Yaroslavl province. He came here to relax, enjoy nature, and hunt. And, of course, it was written differently here too.
	Comes to Otechestvennye Zapiski	Until the end of his life, together with M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, he published a magazine that practically replaced Sovremennik.
	Meeting Fekla (Nekrasov called her Zina) Viktorova, his future wife	The girl was not even 21 years old at that time, but it was she who spent the last years of his life next to Nikolai Alekseevich. And 8 months before the poet’s death they got married.
	Onset of the disease	Doctors diagnose N. Nekrasov with rectal cancer. No treatment helps the poet anymore.
		He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Beginning of literary activity

As the chronological table shows, Nekrasov was always distinguished by a craving for creativity (let us at least note the fact that he was a magazine editor from 1846 to 1877).

Elena Andreevna, his mother, played a significant role in the formation of the future poet. She dreamed of seeing her son educated and encouraged his passion for poetry in every possible way. Nikolai Alekseevich read a lot while studying at the gymnasium.

Arriving in St. Petersburg, Nekrasov managed to publish several of his poems. But they were published in insignificant magazines, and they paid very little for them. But the collection “Dreams and Sounds”, published in 1840, did not bring fame and glory. Trying to survive in a foreign city, Nekrasov wrote in various genres. He later spoke rather harshly about his early work.

The first success came in 1845 with the poem “On the Road.”

Chronological table of Nekrasov: briefly about the best works

	"On the road". Belinsky, who destroyed the first collection, is delighted
	“Yesterday...” - published after the poet’s death
	“Last Elegies” - a cycle of poems
	A collection of 4 sections, “Poems by N. Nekrasov,” opened with the work “Poet and Citizen” and included the poem “Sasha.” The success was enormous, but at the same time the persecution of censorship intensified
	"Reflections at the Front Entrance"
	"Peddlers"
	"In full swing...", "Green Noise", "Knight for an Hour"
	“Frost, Red Nose”, “In Memory of Dobrolyubov”, “Orina, Mother of a Soldier”
	"Railway"
	“Who Lives Well in Rus'” - Part 1 (full text - in 1868)
	“Songs about free speech” - a cycle of satire
	“Grandfather” - a poem about the Decembrists
	"Russian women"
	N. A. Nekrasov is preparing a book of dying poems “Last Songs”

The significance of the work of N. A. Nekrasov

In his works, the poet not only developed the best literary traditions that had developed at the beginning of the century, but also significantly expanded the possibilities of Russian poetry. Reliance on folklore, an active appeal to the life of the people, an epic narrative, close to colloquial vocabulary - these are the distinctive features of Nikolai Alekseevich’s poems and poems, which, of course, cannot be contained in a brief chronological table.

Nekrasov has always been distinguished by his devotion to the interests of Russia and its people, which A. Lunacharsky noted in his statement: “... there is no such person in Russian literature ... before whom they would bow lower with love and reverence than before the memory of Nekrasov!”

1821 - November 28 (December 10, new style) in the town of Nemirov, Podolsk province, a son, Nikolai, was born into the family of Alexei Sergeevich and Elena Andreevna Nekrasov.

1824 - Nekrasovs moved to their ancestral Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province.

1837 - Study at the Yaroslavl gymnasium.

1838 - Arrival in St. Petersburg. The appearance of the poem “Thought” in issue No. 5 of the magazine “Son of the Fatherland.”

1839 - Unsuccessful attempt to enter the university.

1840 - Publication of Nekrasov’s first collection “Dreams and Sounds”. The beginning of cooperation in the publications of F. A. Koni

1841 - Death of the poet's mother.

1842 -Acquaintance with Belinsky.

1843 - Start of publishing activity.

1845 - Publication of the collection “Physiology of St. Petersburg”

1846 - Publication of the “Petersburg Collection”. It contains Nekrasov’s poems “On the Road” and “Lullaby”.

1847 - The beginning of Nekrasov's Sovremennik. Belinsky's work in it.

1848 - The beginning of the “dark seven years” in Russian public life. Censorship persecution of Sovremennik.

1853 - Nekrasov’s serious illness. Creation of "Last Elegies".

1854 - Chernyshevsky came to Sovremennik.

1856 - Nekrasov’s departure abroad. Release of N. Nekrasov’s collection “Poems”.

1857 - Return to homeland. Poem "Silence". Arrival of Dobrolyubov at Sovremennik.

1860 - Turgenev left Sovremennik.

1861 - Death of Dobrolyubov. "Peddlers" was written.

1862 - Arrest of Chernyshevsky. The first ban on Sovremennik. Father's death.

1863 - Renewal of Sovremennik. Creation of the poem "Frost - Red Nose". The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” has been started. Acquisition of Karabikha.

1865 (beginning) - separation from A. Ya. Panaeva.

1866 - Strengthening of the reaction after the Karakozov assassination attempt on Alexander II. "Ode to Muravyov." Closing of Sovremennik.

1868 - Beginning of Nekrasov’s “Notes of the Fatherland”.

1869 - Publication in “Notes of the Fatherland” of the “Prologue” and the first chapters of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”

1870 - Rapprochement with his future wife Fekla Anisimovna Viktorova (Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova). The poem “Grandfather” was published with dedication to her.

1872 - Creation of “Russian Women” by the poet.

1874 - Publication of the last lifetime edition of Nekrasov’s “Poems”. Collaboration of L. Tolstoy and Dostoevsky with “Notes of the Fatherland”.

1875 - Beginning of the last illness.

1876 - Work on the fourth part of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - “A Feast for the Whole World.”

1877 - The book “Last Songs” is published. December 27 (January 8, new style) - Death of the poet. December 30 - Funeral at the Novodevichy Convent cemetery in St. Petersburg.

BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY MAIN EDITIONS OF N. A. NEKRASOV’S WORKS

Poems. St. Petersburg, 1856.

Poems, vols. I-IV. St. Petersburg, 1879.

Complete works and letters, vols. I-XII. M., 1848-1953.

Collection of poems, "Poet's Library". Large series, vol. I-III. L., 1967.

Complete works and letters in fifteen volumes, vols. I-II (publication ongoing). L., 1981-1985.

Correspondence of N. A. Nekrasov in two volumes. M., 1987.

N. A. Nekrasov in the memoirs of his contemporaries. M., 1971.

Nekrasov collection, vol. I-IX. M. - L., 1951-1988.

Nekrasov in Russian criticism. M., 1944.

Ashukin N.S. Chronicle of the life and work of N. A. Nekrasov. M. - L., 1935.

Evgeniev-Maksimov V.E. Life and work of N. A. Nekrasov. vol. 1-3. M. -L., 1947-1952.