What are the types of subordinating connection in Russian? and how to define them? and got the best answer

Answer from Evgeny Gordeev[guru]






For example: Very cute (how cute?) ; speak while listening (doing what?).

Answer from Elena elena[guru]
agreement: the dependent word is an adjective. (or other part of speech with the meaning of the sign), answers the question what? (ooh, ooh, ooh...)
blue ocean...

adjacency - a connection in meaning, a dependent word is necessarily unchangeable (adverb, gerund, n. f. v.), answers questions of circumstances (how? where? where?...)
very loud, so far...

Management - the main word subjugates the dependent with the help of Ph.D. case (except I. p), you can ask questions of cases. If there is a pretext between the main word and the dependent word, this is definitely management.

Answer from Igor Volkov[newbie]
There are three types of subordination: coordination, control, adjoining.
Agreement is a type of subordinating relationship in which the main word agrees with the dependent in gender, number and case. Form Ch. sl. =form hovered. sl.
For example: a beautiful picture (feminine, singular, nominative); from the main road (feminine, singular, genitive).
Management is a kind of subordinating relationship in which the main word puts the dependent in a certain case.
For example: advise a friend (to whom? Danish case); talk about the weather (about what? prepositional case).
Adjacency is a kind of subordinating connection in which the main word is associated with the dependent only in meaning and intonation, and the dependent word is an invariable part of speech.

go to school, knock on the door to see a friend, give a notebook...

Answer from Imotheus Pervy[newbie]
Evgenia Gordeeva speaks the truth

Answer from Alexander Sviridov[newbie]
There are three types of subordination: coordination, control, adjoining.
Agreement is a type of subordinating relationship in which the main word agrees with the dependent in gender, number and case. Form Ch. sl. =form hovered. sl.
For example: a beautiful picture (feminine, singular, nominative); from the main road (feminine, singular, genitive).
Management is a kind of subordinating relationship in which the main word puts the dependent in a certain case.
For example: advise a friend (to whom? Danish case); talk about the weather (about what? prepositional case).
Adjacency is a kind of subordinating connection in which the main word is associated with the dependent only in meaning and intonation, and the dependent word is an invariable part of speech.
For example: Very cute (how cute?) ; speak while listening (doing what?). agreement: the dependent word is an adjective. (or other part of speech with the meaning of the sign), answers the question what? (oh, oh, oh ...) blue sea ... adjoining - connection in meaning, dependent word necessarily unchangeable (adv., ger., n. f. v.), answers questions of circumstances (how? where? where? .. .)
very loudly, so far ... management - the main word subjugates the dependent with the help of Ph.D. case (except I. p), you can ask questions of cases. If there is a pretext between the main word and the dependent word, this is definitely management.
go to school, knock on the door to see a friend, give a notebook...

Phrase.

With the help of the site, you can easily learn how to determine the type of subordinating relationship.

subordination- this is a connection that unites sentences or words, one of which is the main (subordinate), and the other is dependent (subordinate).

phrase- this is a combination of two or more significant words related to each other in meaning and grammatically.

green eyes, writing letters, hard to convey.

In the phrase, the main (from which the question is asked) and the dependent (to which the question is asked) word is distinguished:

Blue ball. Rest outside the city. The ball and rest are the main words.

Trap!

The following are not subordinating phrases:

1. The combination of an independent word with a service: near the house, before a thunderstorm, let him sing;

2. Combinations of words as part of phraseological units: beatbuckets, fool around, headlong;

3. Subject and predicate: night has come;

4. Compound word forms : lighter, will walk;

5. Groups of words united by a coordinating link: Fathers and Sons.

Video about types of subordination

If you like the video format, you can watch it.

There are three types of subordination:

Distinguish!

Her coat is adjoining (whose), to see her is control (whom).

In the categories of pronouns, two homonymous (the same in sound and spelling, but different in meaning) categories are distinguished. The questions of indirect cases are answered by the personal pronoun, and it participates in the subordinating connection - control, and the possessive answers the question whose? and is immutable, it participates in adjacency.

Go to the garden - management, go there - adjoining.

Distinguish between the prepositional case form and the adverb. They may have the same questions! If there is a preposition between the main word and the dependent, then you have control.

Algorithm of actions No. 1.

1) Identify the main word by asking a question from one word to another.

2) Determine the part of speech of the dependent word.

3) Pay attention to the question you ask to the dependent word.

4) According to the identified signs, determine the type of connection.

Parsing the task.

What type of connection is used in the phrase CAPTURE MECHANICALLY.

We define the main word and ask a question from it: catch (how?) mechanically; catch - main word, mechanically - dependent. Determine the part of speech of the dependent word: mechanically- is an adverb. If the dependent word answers the question How? and is an adverb, then the phrase uses the connection abutment.

Algorithm of actions No. 2.

1. In the text, it is easier for you to find the dependent word first.

2. If you need agreement, look for the word that answers the question Which? whose?

3. If you need control, look for a non-nominative noun or pronoun.

4. If you need to find an adjunction, look for an invariable word (infinitive, gerund, adverb or possessive pronoun).

5. Determine from which word you can ask a question to the dependent word.

Complex sentences (CSS) are syntactic constructions containing two or more simple sentences, connected by a subordinating relationship between themselves and connected by the corresponding unions. The subordinating relationship in a complex sentence can be of several types, depending on the semantic relationships between its structural elements.

In order to determine sentences with a subordinate relationship, you need to check them for compliance with the following parameters:

• two or more simple sentences that are unequal parts: one is the main one, the second is the subordinate clause;
• there is a subordinating union or allied word;
• in writing, its parts are separated by a comma.

In NGN, from the main part to the subordinate one, you can raise a question. It depends on the type of connection. Examples: “We couldn’t get instructions on time (why?) because we were very tired and went home early”, “When I need help, I will turn to the right sources (when?)”.

Link in a phrase

Useful video: what are complex sentences

Means of subordination

The parts of the sentence are connected with the help of subordinating conjunctions: while, how, if, so, since, as if, and many others. Each union expresses a certain type of relationship that differs in meaning.

Sometimes, to connect the main and dependent parts, other language means are used - allied words, which include:

• relative: who, what, what, etc.;
• relative pronominal adverbs: why, how, when, etc.

Allied words and conjunctions that express different semantic relationships are presented in the table:

Union and allied word are elements that connect parts of a complex sentence. In a schematic representation, the union belongs to the subordinate clause, it is not a member of the sentence.

Attention! The allied word not only connects two structural elements, but also plays a syntactic role in the subordinate clause.

For example: "There are no such events that could be changed." In this example, the word "which" is not a conjunction, but a union word.

Types of subordination

In a complex sentence, there may be not one, but several dependent parts. They communicate with each other in different ways. Depending on this, the following types of subordination are distinguished:

• homogeneous;
• parallel;
• sequential;
• combined.

Each type has its own characteristics and differs from the rest in certain characteristics.

Types of subordination

Homogeneous and parallel

A homogeneous bond is formed under the condition that all dependent parts belong to the main part or belong to the same type. For example: "It seemed to me that I see the day, that I hear strange sounds, that I feel cold."

Three subordinate clauses in this example answer one question and belong to the main one on the same basis. They belong to the same word and belong to the same species. In this case, all dependent elements are of the same type and answer the same question.

Parallel subordination occurs in constructions in which one of the homogeneous conditions is not met.

For example, clauses can refer to the same word but answer different questions. For example: “When I finished reading the book, it was difficult to understand (when? What?) what exactly I felt for its heroes”, “When a storm was raging outside the window, I read a book (when?, what?), Which told about story that happened to the children when they were relaxing in the forest with their parents.

Homogeneous connection

Sequential and combined

Sequential subordination is the relationship in the sentence, in which the dependent parts are interconnected by a "chain", i.e. i.e. each next element depends on the previous one. They are defined as adjectives of varying degrees. For example: “Maxim saw a movie (what?), Where the actor (what?) Played, whom he loved (when?), When he was a child (what?), Who was in love with pictures about heroes.”

In this example, the second clause depends on the first, the third on the second, and the fourth on the third. Questions in such sentences are asked sequentially from one part to the next. They can be different and express different semantic relationships.

In combined subordination, all types of subordination are used: parallel, sequential, homogeneous are mixed. This is typical for long constructions with a large number of dependents. For example: “Yesterday I was so tired that I couldn’t understand whether my head hurts from the weather, or from the blockage at work.” In this example, two types of communication are used: sequential and homogeneous submission.

phrase- this is a combination of two or more significant (independent) words, interconnected on the basis of a subordinate connection in meaning and grammatically. Phrases call objects, actions, signs, etc. But more precisely, more concretely than words: read - read aloud, pen - ballpoint pen, fast - very fast.

subordination- the connection of words in the SS, which connects unequal components, one of which is the main one, and the other is dependent; from the main word to the dependent one can put a question.

Types of subordination:

The components of the phrase are connected to each other by a subordinating relationship, which can be of three types: coordination, control, connection:

1) agreement- subordinating relationship, in which the dependent word is likened to the main in its morphological features, i.e. in which the forms of the gender, number, case of the dependent word are predetermined by the corresponding forms of the stem word.

The agreement differs complete And incomplete:

a) in full agreement, the subordinate word takes all forms of the subordinate word, as far as the grammatical categories of both words allow, for example: on a dark night (agreement in gender, case and number); last minutes (agreement in case and number); marks are set (coordination in number)

b) with incomplete agreement not all possibilities of agreement have been exhausted, for example: I see him ready to leave (coordination of the adjective ready with its pronoun in gender and number, but not in the case; compare the outdated construction I see him ready to leave - with full agreement)

The dependent word in agreement can be expressed:

1) an adjective in any form (except for a simple comparative and a compound superlative degree of comparison built on its basis), which is consistent with the main word in gender, number, case

2) pronominal adjective (except for him, her, them)

3) ordinal number and number one

4) communion; agreement is the same: a read book

5) noun - an agreed application that agrees with the main word in case and number (if the agreed noun changes in numbers)

6) quantitative numerals in indirect cases; agreement in case, and for the word both and in gender: both girls, both boys

2) management- a subordinating relationship, in which a noun or pronoun in the form of a specific case with or without a preposition depends on the main word, i.e. in which the dependent word takes the form of one or another case, depending on the grammatical possibility of the main word and the meaning it expresses. The dependent word form remains unchanged when the grammatical form of the main word changes, in contrast to agreement, where both word forms change at the same time.

Relationships are established in management. object, in which grammatically dominant word calls action or state, and the dependent is the object of the action or state carrier(send a letter, read a book), and subjective, in which the grammatically dominant word names the action or state, and the dependent word - the subject of the action or the carrier of the state; and complementary (replenishing), which in most cases act as syntactically inseparable phrases, since the main component, due to its semantic insufficiency or uncertainty, cannot be used in a strictly defined form: ten days, a flock of ducks, a glass of water, become a hero, start preparing, four corners, call yourself a guest, be known as a simpleton.

The main word in management is expressed:

1) a verb in any form: reading a book

2) noun: reading a book

3) adjective: satisfied with success

4) quantitative numeral in I. (V.) case: three chairs, five chairs

Control dependent word - noun, pronominal noun, or any part of speech in noun function: look at friend

3) adjoining- a type of subordination in which an immutable dependent word is attached to the main word or a form of a modified dependent word that does not have the ability to agree (verb infinitive, participle form, simple comparative degree of an adjective or adverb), i.e. in which the dependent word is unchangeable, isolated from the system of cases due to its belonging to a certain part of speech, the dependence on the main word is expressed semantically. Adjoining can be adverbs, adverbs and infinitives.

Main adjoining word:

1) verb: run fast

2) adjective: very fast,

3) adverb: very fast

4) noun: soft-boiled egg, flared trousers, older children

The dependent word when adjoining is expressed:

1) adverb, including in the form of degrees of comparison: walk, write faster

2) gerund: spoke stuttering

3) infinitive: asked to write

4) comparative degree of the adjective: older children

5) invariable (analytical) adjective: khaki

6) pronominal adjective his, her, them: his house

7) noun - inconsistent application: in the newspaper "Izvestia"

• phrase is a combination of independent words related in meaning and grammatically.
• subordination- this is a way of connecting words in a phrase, when one word is the main one, and the other is dependent. From the main to the dependent, you can always put a question.

A phrase consists of a main and a dependent word.

For example: Sergei handed in his work on time.
Let's find all the phrases:

• handed over work - handed over (whom? what?) work; passed - the main word, work - dependent;
• handed over on time - handed over (when?) on time; passed - the main word, on time - dependent;
• their work - work (what? whose?) theirs; work is the main word, your own is dependent.

There are two words left: Sergey passed. This is a grammatical basis, both words are the main members of the sentence, neither of them is more important than the other. It turns out that subject and predicate cannot be called a phrase.

What combinations of words cannot be called a phrase

1. main members of the proposal.
2. Equal combinations - in the sentence these are homogeneous members ( red and blue, thought and understood, relatives and friends). They are connected not by a subordinating, but by a coordinating (equal) connection.
3. An independent word (noun, adjective, pronoun, verb and other significant parts of speech) with a function word, more often it is a preposition, less often - a particle ( for training, in the story, did not agree, let him think). Between an independent and an auxiliary word, the semantic connection is not formalized by a question. You cannot ask a question from the verb "agreed" to the particle "not" or from the noun "training" to the preposition "on". Such combinations are necessary for the grammatical connection of words in a sentence.
4. Compound forms of words - the future tense of the verb (will + infinitive), comparative or superlative degree of adjectives, adverbs ( more successful, most interesting, less strong).
5. Inseparable lexical units - ( neither fish nor meat, through the sleeves).

Types of subordination

Coordination

Consent is a type of subordinating relationship in which the form of the dependent word fully corresponds to the form of the main word. When agreed, the main word is expressed by a noun, the dependent - by an adjective, participle, pronoun, numeral, the gender, number and case of which is consistent with the gender, number and case of the main word:

• serious challenge: test (what?) Serious - case, gender, number match;
• serious trials: tests (what?) Serious - the case, the number of the dependent word changed after the change in the case and the number of the main word;
• for serious testing: for tests (what?) Serious - another change in the case ending.

No matter how much you change the main word, the dependent word will immediately take the form of a leader word. This type of subordination is called agreement.

Control

Management is a subordinating relationship, in which the main word requires that the dependent with it stand in a certain case:

• to hear (infinitive) a friend: to hear (whom?) a friend (Vin. p);
• I will hear (I) a friend (Vin. p);
• hear (you) a friend (Vin. p);
• hear (they) a friend (Win. p);
• would have heard a (conditional) friend (Win. p);
• hear the (imperative) friend (Vin. p).

The conjugation of the verb, the change in its moods does not affect the form of the dependent word in any way: with the verb "hear" the noun "friend" is used only in the accusative case.
The main word can be a noun, but the principle of connection is the same:
sand figures - for sand figures - about the figures of their sand.

adjoining

Adjacency is type of connection, when there is no grammatical connection between the main and dependent word, only semantic. A dependent word is an invariable part of speech - an adverb, a participle. Infinitive (indefinite form of the verb) and possessive pronouns ( him, her, them- answer the question whose?), are part of phrases, adjoining the main word.

Examples:

• jumped up: jumped (where?) up; dependent word - adverb;
• stands leaning on: stands (how?) leaning on his elbows; dependent word - gerund;
• hit harder: hit (how?) harder - the comparative degree of the adverb also does not change;
• lover to complain: amateur (what? what?) to complain - the infinitive is adjacent to the main noun;
• order from above: order (what? from where?) from above - unchangeable adverb;
• her request: request (whose?) her - possessive pronouns are adjacent to the main word.

Difficult cases

It is important to remember the existence of derivative prepositions (formed from independent parts of speech - during, about, in view of) in order to correctly find the phrase and determine the type of subordination. Adverbs that are formed in the same way (forever, first, deep) can also be confusing:

1. Came out towards car: went out (where?) towards the car - control. The derivative preposition "towards" can be replaced by the usual preposition "K": went out to the car.
2. Decided to come to a meeting with journalists: to come (where?) to a meeting (management); to a meeting (what?) with journalists (management).
3. The sail has melted in the distance ocean: melted (where?) in the distance (noun with a preposition) - management, in the distance (what?) of the ocean - management. To make sure that the sentence has a noun with a preposition and not an adverb, you can change the type of subordination - V oceanic gave(consent).
4. away a cyclist appeared: appeared (where?) in the distance (adverb) - adjoining.
5. We will talk to you after: let's talk (when?) after (adverb) - adjoining.
6. let's talk after meetings: let's talk (when?) after the meeting (noun with a preposition) - management.